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35
How formulas work with the data in
your worksheet
A worksheet formula can be a simple arithmetic
operation, such as 5 + 2, or a complicated operation,
such as determining the net present value of a series of
future cash flows based on data present in worksheet
cells.
Use cell and range references to identify the data used
in formulas. A cell reference identifies one cell by its
column letter and its row number, such as C3.
PenCell supports both absolute cell references and
relative cell references, as well as combinations of the
two.
Absolute cell references
Absolute cell references always point to precisely the
same cell, no matter where the reference is made.
Absolute cell references have dollar signs ($) before the
column letter and row number.
For example, the absolute cell reference $C$5 always
points to the cell at the intersection of column C and row
5. When you copy or move an absolute cell reference
from one location to another, the cell that the reference
points to does not change. If you copy the formula
$C$5 - 2 in cell A1 to cell K9, the formula in K9 remains
the same as $C$5 - 2.
Relative cell references
Relative cell references point to a cell by referring to its
location relative to the cell which contains the reference.
Relative cell references do not use the dollar sign
syntax.
For instance, if a formula in cell B3 includes the relative
cell reference C5, PenCell interprets this pointer as “one
cell to the right and two cells down.” If you copy the
formula containing this reference to another location on
the worksheet, it still means “one cell to the right and
two cells down,” but now it refers to a different cell. Thus
if you copy the formula C5 - 2 in cell B3 to cell D6, the
formula in D6 contains the appropriate new relative cell
reference (E8 - 2).
Mixed cell references
Mixed cell references express an absolute reference to
the column and a relative reference to the row (for
example, $C5) or an absolute reference to the row and
a relative reference to the column (for example, C$5).
Put a dollar sign in front of the part of the reference that
is absolute.
Once again, if you copy such a reference, the absolute
part of the reference always remains the same, while
the relative part changes depending on the new
location.
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