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Autodesk AUTOCAD 2013 User Manual
Page 32
Autodesk AUTOCAD 2013 Autocad Architecture 2013
User Manual - Page 32
For AUTOCAD 2013.
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Contents
Get Information
Find the Information You Need
Access and Search the Product Help
Learn the Product
View the Product Readme
Join the Customer Involvement Program
Join the Customer Involvement Program
Get Information from Drawings
Obtain General Drawing Information
The User Interface
Start a Command
Parts of the User Interface
The Menu Bar
The Tool Sets Palette
The Command Line
Overview of Using the Command Line
Enter Commands on the Command Line
Enter System Variables on the Command Line
Enter System Variables on the Command Line
Switch Between Dialog Boxes and the Command Line
View and Edit Within the Command History
Work with Shortcut Menus
About Keyboard Shortcuts
Control the Drawing Area Interface
Interface Themes and Background Color
Interface Themes and Background Color
Cursors in the Drawing Area
Selection Style
The UCS Icon
Viewport Label Menus
The ViewCube Tool
The Coordinates Display
Model Space and Layouts
Control Status, Layers, Properties, and Content
The Status Bar
The Status Bar
The Layers Palette
The Layers Palette
The Properties Inspector
The Content Palette
Customize the Drawing Environment
Set Interface Options
Set Up the Drawing Area
Specify the Behavior of Palettes
Customize Startup
Start and Save Drawings
Start a Drawing
Overview of Starting a New Drawing
Specify Units and Unit Formats
Determine the Units of Measurement
Set the Unit Format Conventions
Use a Drawing Template File
Add Identifying Information to Drawings
Open or Save a Drawing
Open a Drawing
Work with Multiple Open Drawings
Preview Open Drawings and Layouts
Switch Between Open Drawings
Switch Between Layouts in the Current Drawing
Transfer Information between Open Drawings
Save a Drawing
Find a Drawing File
Specify Search Paths and File Locations
Repair, Restore, or Recover Drawing Files
Repair a Damaged Drawing File
Create and Restore Backup Files
Recover from a System Failure
Control the Drawing Views
Change Views
Pan or Zoom a View
Save and Restore Views
Control the 3D Projection Style
Overview of Parallel and Perspective Views
Define a Perspective Projection (DVIEW)
Define a Parallel Projection
Choose Preset 3D Views
Define a 3D View with Coordinate Values or Angles
Change to a View of the XY Plane
Shade a Model and Use Edge Effects
Use a Visual Style to Display Your Model
Customize a Visual Style
Shade and Color Faces
Display Backgrounds and Shadows
Control the Display of Edges
Control Performance
Performance Tuning
Memory Tuning
Use Viewing Tools
Specify 3D Views
Overview of 3D Views
Use 3D Navigation Tools
Create a 3D Dynamic View (DVIEW)
Use ViewCube Tool
Overview of ViewCube Tool
ViewCube Menu
ViewCube Menu
Reorient the View of a Model with ViewCube
Reorient the Current View
Set the View Projection Mode
Home View
Examine Individual Objects with the ViewCube Tool
Change the UCS with the ViewCube Tool
Display Multiple Views in Model Space
Set Model Space Viewports
Select and Use the Current Viewport
Save and Restore Model Layout Viewport Arrangements
Organize Drawings and Layouts
Create Single-View Drawings (Model Space)
Quick Start for Model Space Drafting
Draw, Scale, and Annotate in Model Space
Create Multiple-View Drawing Layouts (Paper Space)
Quick Start for Layouts
Understand the Layout Process
Work with Model Space and Paper Space
Work in Model Space
Work on a Named Layout
Access Model Space from a Layout Viewport
Create and Modify Layout Viewports
Control Views in Layout Viewports
Scale Views in Layout Viewports
Control Visibility in Layout Viewports
Freeze Specified Layers in a Layout Viewport
Screen Objects in Layout Viewports
Turn Layout Viewports On or Off
Scale Linetypes in Layout Viewports
Align Views in Layout Viewports
Rotate Views in Layout Viewports
Reuse Layouts and Layout Settings
Work with Layouts in a Project
Quick Start for Projects
Understand the Project Manager Interface
Create and Manage a Project
Create a Project
Create and Modify Layouts in a Project
Work with Views on Layouts
Organize a Project with Groups
Include Information with Projects, Groups, Layouts, and Views
Publish Layouts and Projects
Use Projects in a Team
Use Projects in a Multiple Operating System Environment
Create and Modify Objects
Control the Properties of Objects
Work with Object Properties
Overview of Object Properties
Display and Change the Properties of Objects
Copy Properties Between Objects
Work with Layers
Overview of Layers
Use Layers to Manage Complexity
Create and Name Layers
Change Layer Settings and Layer Properties
Override Layer Properties in Viewports
Group and Sort the List of Layers
Reconcile New Layers
Work with Layer States
Save, Restore, and Edit Layer States
Import and Export Layer States
Work with Colors
Set the Current Color
Change the Color of an Object
Use Color Books
Work with Linetypes
Overview of Linetypes
Load Linetypes
Set the Current Linetype
Change the Linetype of an Object
Control Linetype Scale
Display Linetypes on Short Segments and Polylines
Control Lineweights
Overview of Lineweights
Display Lineweights
Set the Current Lineweight
Change the Lineweight of an Object
Control the Display Properties of Certain Objects
Control the Display of Polylines, Hatches, Gradient Fills, Lineweights, and Text
Control the Transparency of Objects
Control the Transparency of Objects
Control How Overlapping Objects Are Displayed
Control the Display of Objects
Use Precision Tools
Work with the User Coordinate System (UCS)
Overview of the User Coordinate System (UCS)
Control the User Coordinate System (UCS)
Work with Named UCS Definitions and Preset Orientations
Assign UCS Definitions to Viewports
Use the Dynamic UCS with Solid Models
Control the Display of the User Coordinate System Icon
Enter Coordinates to Specify Points
Overview of Coordinate Entry
Enter 2D Coordinates
Enter Cartesian Coordinates
Enter Cartesian Coordinates
Enter Polar Coordinates
Enter Polar Coordinates
Enter 3D Coordinates
Enter 3D Cartesian Coordinates
Enter 3D Cartesian Coordinates
Enter Cylindrical Coordinates
Enter Cylindrical Coordinates
Enter Spherical Coordinates
Enter Spherical Coordinates
Use Dynamic Input
Snap to Locations on Objects (Object Snaps)
Use Object Snaps
The Object Snap Menu
Set Visual Aids for Object Snaps (AutoSnap)
Override Object Snap Settings
Restrict Cursor Movement
Adjust Grid and Grid Snap
Use Orthogonal Locking (Ortho Mode)
Use Polar Tracking and PolarSnap
Lock an Angle for One Point (Angle)
Combine or Offset Points and Coordinates
Combine Coordinate Values (Coordinate Filters)
Combine Coordinate Values (Coordinate Filters)
Track to Points on Objects (Object Snap Tracking)
Track to Offset Point Locations (Tracking)
Specify Distances
Enter Direct Distances
Offset from Temporary Reference Points
Specify Intervals on Objects
Overview of Specifying Intervals on Objects
Specify Measured Intervals on Objects
Divide an Object into Equal Segments
Extract Geometric Information from Objects
Obtain Distances, Angles, and Point Locations
Obtain Area and Mass Properties Information
Use a Calculator
Use the Command Prompt Calculator
Use the Command Prompt Calculator
Create Objects
Draw Linear Objects
Draw Lines
Draw Polylines
Draw Rectangles and Polygons
Draw Multiline Objects
Draw Freehand Sketches
Draw Curved Objects
Draw Arcs
Draw Circles
Draw Polyline Arcs
Draw Donuts
Draw Ellipses
Draw Splines
Draw Helixes
Draw Construction and Reference Geometry
Draw Reference Points
Draw Construction Lines (and Rays)
Create and Combine Areas (Regions)
Create Revision Clouds
Select and Modify Objects
Select Objects
Select Objects Individually
Select Multiple Objects
Prevent Objects from Being Selected
Select Objects by Properties
Customize Object Selection
Group Objects
Overview of Groups
Create Groups
Select Objects in Groups
Edit Groups
Correct Mistakes
Erase Objects
Cut, Copy, and Paste with the Clipboard
Modify Objects
Choose a Method to Modify Objects
Modify Objects Using Grips
Use Object Grips
Make Multiple Copies with Grips
Control Grips in Blocks
Move or Rotate Objects
Move Objects
Rotate Objects
Align Objects
Copy, Array, Offset, or Mirror Objects
Copy Objects
Array Objects
Overview of Arrays
Create Rectangular Arrays
Create Path Arrays
Create Polar Arrays
Edit Associative Arrays
Limit the Size of Arrays
Offset an Object
Mirror Objects
Change the Size and Shape of Objects
Trim or Extend Objects
Resize or Reshape Objects
Fillet, Chamfer, Break, or Join Objects
Create Fillets
Create Chamfers
Break and Join Objects
Disassociate Compound Objects (Explode)
Modify Polylines
Modify Splines
Modify Helixes
Modify Multilines
Add Constraints to Geometry
Overview of Constraints
Constrain Objects Geometrically
Overview of Geometric Constraints
Apply or Remove Geometric Constraints
Display and Verify Geometric Constraints
Modify Objects with Geometric Constraints Applied
Infer Geometric Constraints
Constrain Distances and Angles between Objects
Overview of Dimensional Constraints
Apply Dimensional Constraints
Control the Display of Dimensional Constraints
Modify Objects with Dimensional Constraints Applied
Constrain a Design with Formulas and Equations
Overview of Formulas and Equations
Control Geometry with Parameters
Define and Reference Blocks
Work with Blocks
Overview of Blocks
Insert Blocks
Work with Dynamic Blocks in Drawings
Overview of Dynamic Blocks
Work With Action Parameters in Blocks
Work With Constraint Parameters in Blocks
Remove Block Definitions
Create and Modify Blocks
Define Blocks
Create Blocks Within a Drawing
Create Drawing Files for Use as Blocks
Control the Color and Linetype Properties in Blocks
Nest Blocks
Create Block Libraries
Attach Data to Blocks (Block Attributes)
Overview of Block Attributes
Define Block Attributes
Extract Data from Block Attributes
Extract Block Attribute Data (Advanced)
Modify Blocks
Modify a Block Definition
Modify the Data in Block Attributes
Modify a Block Attribute Definition
Disassemble a Block Reference (Explode)
Work with 3D Models
Create 3D Models
Overview of 3D Modeling
Create Solids and Surfaces from Lines and Curves
Overview of Creating Solids and Surfaces
Create a Solid or Surface by Extruding
Create a Solid or Surface by Sweeping
Create a Solid or Surface by Lofting
Create a Solid or Surface by Revolving
Create Solids
Overview of Creating 3D Solids
Create 3D Solid Primitives
Create a Solid Box
Create a Solid Wedge
Create a Solid Cone
Create a Solid Cylinder
Create a Solid Sphere
Create a Solid Pyramid
Create a Solid Torus
Create a Polysolid
Create 3D Solids from Objects
Combine or Slice 3D Objects
Create Composite Objects
Create 3D Solids by Slicing
Check 3D Models for Interferences
Create Surfaces
Overview of Creating Surfaces
Create Procedural Surfaces
Create Surfaces from Other Surfaces
Create Planar Surfaces
Create Network Surfaces
Blend a Surface
Patch a Surface
Offset a Surface
Convert Objects to Procedural Surfaces
Create NURBS Surfaces
Using the Spline tool to create NURBS Surfaces and Splines
Create Associative Surfaces
Create Geometric Relationships between Associative Surfaces
Create Meshes
Overview of Creating Meshes
Create 3D Mesh Primitives
Create a Mesh Box
Create a Mesh Cone
Create a Mesh Cylinder
Create a Mesh Pyramid
Create a Mesh Sphere
Create a Mesh Wedge
Create a Mesh Torus
Construct Meshes from Other Objects
Create Meshes by Conversion
Create Custom Mesh (Legacy)
Create Wireframe Models
Add 3D Thickness to Objects
Modify 3D Models
Overview of Modifying 3D Objects
Use Gizmos to Modify Objects
Overview of Using Gizmos
Use the Gizmos
Move 3D Objects
Rotate 3D Objects
Scale 3D Objects
Use Grips to Modify Solids and Surfaces
Use 3D Subobject Grips
Cycle Through and Filter Subobjects
Use Grips to Edit 3D Solids and Surfaces
Modify 3D Subobjects
Move, Rotate, and Scale 3D Subobjects
Modify Faces on 3D Objects
Move, Rotate, and Scale Faces on 3D Solids and Surfaces
Copy, Delete, and Color Faces on 3D Solids
Modify Edges on 3D Objects
Modify Vertices on 3D Objects
Work with Complex 3D Solids and Surfaces
Display Original Forms of Composite Solids
Modify Composite Solids and Surfaces
Shell and Remove Redundancies in 3D Objects
Shell 3D Solids
Clean and Check 3D Solids
Pressing or Pulling Areas and Faces
Add Facets to Faces on Solids and Surfaces
Modify the Properties of 3D Solids, Surfaces, and Meshes
Modify Surfaces
Overview of Modifying Surfaces
Trim and Untrim Surfaces
Extend a Surface
Fillet a Surface
Edit NURBS Surfaces
Rebuild NURBS Surfaces and Curves
Analyze Surfaces
Analyze Surface Continuity with Zebra Analysis
Analyze the Curvature of a NURBS Surface
Use the Draft Analysis Tool
Modify Mesh Objects
Overview of Modifying Meshes
Change Mesh Smoothness Levels
Refine Mesh Objects or Subobjects
Add Creases to Mesh
Modify Mesh Faces
Create and Close Mesh Gaps
Tips for Working with Mesh
Create Sections and Drawings from 3D Models
Work with Sections
Overview of Section Objects
Create Section Objects
Modify a Section View
Add Jogs to a Section
Use Live Section to Adjust the Cross Section
Use Grips to Modify Section Objects
Set Section Object States and Properties
Associate Section Objects with Named Views
Save and Publish Section Objects
Save Sections as Blocks or Drawings
Publish Section Objects
Create a Flattened View
Annotate Drawings
Work with Annotations
Overview of Annotations
Scale Annotations
Overview of Scaling Annotations
Set Annotation Scale
Set Annotation Scale
Create Annotative Objects
Overview of Creating Annotative Objects
Overview of Creating Annotative Objects
Work with Annotative Styles
Work with Annotative Styles
Create Annotative Text
Create Annotative Text
Create Annotative Dimensions and Tolerances
Create Annotative Dimensions and Tolerances
Create Annotative Leaders and Multileaders
Create Annotative Leaders and Multileaders
Create Annotative Blocks and Attributes
Create Annotative Blocks and Attributes
Create Annotative Hatches
Create Annotative Hatches
Display Annotative Objects
Display Annotative Objects
Add and Modify Scale Representations
Add and Modify Scale Representations
Set Orientation for Annotations
Set Orientation for Annotations
Hatches, Fills, and Wipeouts
Overview of Hatch Patterns and Fills
Specify Hatch and Fill Areas
Control the Appearance of Hatches
Choose a Hatch Pattern or Fill
Control the Hatch Origin Point
Control the Scale of Hatch Patterns
Set Property Overrides for Hatches and Fills
Control the Display of Hatch Boundaries
Control the Draw Order of Hatches and Fills
Modify Hatches and Fills
Modify Hatch Properties
Modify Hatch Alignment, Scale, and Rotation
Reshape a Hatch or Fill
Re-create the Boundary of a Hatch or Fill
Create a Blank Area to Cover Objects
Notes and Labels
Overview of Notes and Labels
Create Text
Overview of Creating Text
Create Single-Line Text
Create Multiline Text
Overview of Multiline Text
Justify Multiline Text
Format Characters Within Multiline Text
Create Lists in Multiline Text
Indent Multiline Text and Use Tabs
Specify the Line Spacing Within Multiline Text
Create Stacked Characters Within Multiline Text
Create and Edit Columns in Multiline Text
Import Text from External Files
Create Leaders
Overview of Leader Objects
Create and Modify Leaders
Modify Leaders Using Grips
Work with Leader Styles
Add Content to a Leader
Use Fields in Text
Insert Fields
Update Fields
Work with Text Styles
Overview of Text Styles
Assign Text Fonts
Overview of Assigning Text Fonts
Use TrueType Fonts
Use Text Fonts for International Work
Substitute Fonts
Set Text Height
Set Text Height
Set Text Obliquing Angle
Set Horizontal or Vertical Text Orientation
Change Text
Overview of Changing Text
Change Single-Line Text
Change Multiline Text
Find and Replace Text
Check Spelling
Format Multiline Text at the Command Prompt
Tables
Create and Modify Tables
Work with Table Styles
Add Text and Blocks to Tables
Use Formulas in Table Cells
Dimensions and Tolerances
Understand Basic Concepts of Dimensioning
Overview of Dimensioning
Parts of a Dimension
Associative Dimensions
Use Dimension Styles
Overview of Dimension Styles
Compare Dimension Styles and Variables
Control Dimension Geometry
Control Dimension Lines
Control Extension Lines
Control Dimension Arrowheads
Customize Arrowheads
Control Dimension Text
Fit Dimension Text Within Extension Lines
Control the Location of Dimension Text
Control the Appearance of Dimension Text
Control Dimension Values
Control the Display of Dimension Units
Round Off Dimension Values
Suppress Zeros in Dimensions
Display Lateral Tolerances
Control the Display of Fractions
Set the Scale for Dimensions
Create Dimensions
Create Linear Dimensions
Overview of Creating Linear Dimensions
Create Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions
Create Aligned Dimensions
Create Baseline and Continued Dimensions
Create Rotated Dimensions
Create Dimensions with Oblique Extension Lines
Create Radial Dimensions
Create Angular Dimensions
Create Ordinate Dimensions
Create Arc Length Dimensions
Modify Existing Dimensions
Modify A Dimension
Overview of Modifying Dimensions
Modify Dimension Geometry
Change Dimension Associativity
Modify Dimension Text
Dimension Jog
Convert Dimensions into Inspection Dimensions
Break a Dimension Line
Adjust Dimension Spacing
Apply a New Dimension Style to Existing Dimensions
Override a Dimension Style
Add Geometric Tolerances
Overview of Geometric Tolerances
Material Conditions
Datum Reference Frames
Projected Tolerance Zones
Composite Tolerances
Plot and Publish Drawings
Specify Settings for Plotting
Save Plot Settings as Named Page Setups
Reuse Named Page Setups
Specify Page Setup Settings
Select a Printer or Plotter for a Layout
Select a Paper Size for a Layout
Determine the Drawing Orientation of a Layout
Set the Plot Area of a Layout
Adjust the Plot Offset of a Layout
Set the Plot Scale for a Layout
Set the Lineweight Scale for a Layout
Select a Plot Style Table for a Layout
Set Shaded Viewport and Plot Options for a Layout
Named Page Setups with Projects
Print or Plot Drawings
Overview of Plotting
Use a Page Setup to Specify Plot Settings
Select a Printer or Plotter
Specify the Area to Plot
Set Paper Size
Position the Drawing on the Paper
Specify the Printable Area
Set the Position of the Plot
Set Drawing Orientation
Control How Objects Are Plotted
Set Plot Scale
Set Shaded Viewport Options
Overview of Shaded Viewport Plotting
Specify Shaded Plotting Settings
Specify a Resolution Level for Shaded Plotting
Set Options for Plotted Objects
Use Plot Styles to Control Plotted Objects
Overview of Plot Styles
Choose a Type of Plot Style Table
Assign Plot Style Tables to Layouts
Manage Plot Style Tables
Use Color-Dependent Plot Style Tables
Use Named Plot Style Tables
Use Named Plot Styles
Manage Named Plot Styles
Use Predefined Named Plot Style Tables
Change Plot Style Settings
Overview of Plot Style Settings
Set Color, Screening, Grayscale, and Dither in Plot Style Tables
Control Plotted Lineweight and Linetype
Assign Plotted Line End and Join Styles
Assign Plotted Fill Styles
Preview a Plot
Plot Files to Other Formats
Plot Adobe PDF Files
Publish Drawings
Overview of Publishing
Create a Drawing Set for Publishing
Publish a Project
Share Data Between Files
Reference Other Drawing Files
Overview of Referenced Drawings (Xrefs)
Attach and Detach Referenced Drawings
Attach Drawing References (Xrefs)
Attach Drawing References (Xrefs)
Nest and Overlay Referenced Drawings
Set Paths to Referenced Drawings
Detach Referenced Drawings
Detach Referenced Drawings
Update and Archive Referenced Drawings
Update Referenced Drawing Attachments
Update Referenced Drawing Attachments
Archive Drawings That Contain Referenced Drawings (Bind)
Archive Drawings That Contain Referenced Drawings (Bind)
Clip External References and Blocks
Edit Referenced Drawings
Edit a Referenced Drawing in a Separate Window
Edit Selected Objects in Referenced Drawings and Blocks
Use the Working Set to Edit Referenced Drawings and Blocks
Save Back Edited Referenced Drawings and Blocks
Edit Referenced Drawings and Blocks with Nesting or Attributes
Resolve Referenced Drawing Errors
Resolve Missing External References
Resolve Circular External References
Resolve Name Conflicts in External References
Track External Reference Operations (Log File)
Track External Reference Operations (Log File)
Increase Performance with Large Referenced Drawings
Overview of Demand Loading
Unload Xrefs in Large Drawings
Work with Demand Loading in Large Drawings
Work with Layer and Spatial Indexes
Set Paths for Temporary Xref File Copies
Work with Data in Other Formats
Import Other File Formats
Import ACIS SAT Files
Convert DXF and DXB Files to DWG Format
Attach PDF Files as Underlays
Overview of PDF Underlays
Attach, Scale, and Detach PDF Underlays
Attach PDF Files as Underlays
Detach PDF Underlays
Unload PDF Underlays
Work with PDF Underlays
Control the Display of Layers in a PDF Underlay
Modify the Position, Scale, or Rotation of a PDF Underlay
Use Object Snaps with PDF Underlays
Adjust PDF Underlay Contrast, Fade, Monochrome, and Colors for the Background
Clip PDF Underlays
Hide and Show PDF Underlay Frames
Manage and Publish Drawings Containing PDF Underlays
View PDF Underlay Information
Change File Paths of PDF Underlays
Publish and Save Drawings Containing PDF Underlays
Attach Raster Image Files
Overview of Raster Images
Attach, Scale, and Detach Raster Images
Attach Raster Images
Scale Raster Images
Detach Raster Images
Modify Raster Images and Image Boundaries
Show and Hide Raster Image Boundaries
Clip Raster Images
Change Raster Image Brightness, Contrast, and Fade
Modify Color and Transparency for Bitonal Raster Images
Manage Raster Images
View Raster Image Information
Assign Descriptive Names to Raster Images
Change File Paths of Raster Images
Tune Raster Image Performance
Load and Unload Raster Images
Improve the Display Speed of Raster Images
Export Drawings to Other File Formats
Export PDF Files
Export DXF Files
Export Raster Files
Export PostScript Files
Export ACIS SAT Files
Export Stereolithography STL Files
Use Drawings from Different Versions and Applications
Work with Drawings in Earlier Releases
Save Drawings to Previous Drawing File Formats
Work with AutoCAD Drawings in AutoCAD LT
Work with Custom and Proxy Objects
Collaborate with Others
Use the Internet for Collaboration
Get Started with Internet Access
Work with Drawing Files over the Internet
Open and Save Drawing Files from the Internet
Share Drawing Files Internationally
Use AutoCAD WS for Drawing File Collaboration
Work with Xrefs over the Internet
Render Drawings
Draw 2D Isometric Views
Set Isometric Grid and Snap
Draw Isometric Circles
Add Lighting to Your Model
Overview of Lighting
Standard and Photometric Lighting Workflow
Illuminate a Scene
Guidelines for Lighting
Use Point Lights
Use Spotlights
Use Weblights
Overview of Weblights
IES Standard File Format
Use Distant Lights
Assigning a Shape to a Light
Adjust and Manipulate Lights
Control the Display of Lights
Adjust Light Placement
Control Light Properties
Sun and Sky Simulation
Incorporate Luminaire Objects
Materials and Textures
Overview of Materials
Browse Material Library
Render 3D Objects for Realism
Overview of Rendering
Prepare a Model for Rendering
Understand Face Normals and Hidden Surfaces
Minimize Intersecting and Coplanar Faces
Balance Mesh Density for Smooth Geometry
Balance Mesh Density for Smooth Geometry
Set Up the Renderer
Control the Rendering Environment
Basics of Rendering
Render Views
Save and Redisplay Rendered Images
Save a Rendered Image
Redisplay a Rendered Image
Use Models with Other Applications
Glossary
Index
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Contents
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File type: PDF
File name: 18222492_autocad-2013.pdf
File size: 15.77 MB
File Language: English
Pages: 872
Author: Autodesk
File created: 2012-02-03
Published: 2021-07-02
Updated: 2023-08-30
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Table of Contents
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Contents
3
Get Information
27
Find the Information You Need
27
Access and Search the Product Help
27
Learn the Product
28
View the Product Readme
29
Join the Customer Involvement Program
29
Join the Customer Involvement Program
30
Get Information from Drawings
30
Obtain General Drawing Information
30
The User Interface
33
Start a Command
33
Parts of the User Interface
33
The Menu Bar
34
The Tool Sets Palette
34
The Command Line
36
Overview of Using the Command Line
36
Enter Commands on the Command Line
37
Enter System Variables on the Command Line
39
Enter System Variables on the Command Line
39
Switch Between Dialog Boxes and the Command Line
40
View and Edit Within the Command History
40
Work with Shortcut Menus
41
About Keyboard Shortcuts
42
Control the Drawing Area Interface
48
Interface Themes and Background Color
48
Interface Themes and Background Color
49
Cursors in the Drawing Area
50
Selection Style
50
The UCS Icon
51
Viewport Label Menus
51
The ViewCube Tool
52
The Coordinates Display
53
Model Space and Layouts
53
Control Status, Layers, Properties, and Content
54
The Status Bar
54
The Status Bar
55
The Layers Palette
55
The Layers Palette
57
The Properties Inspector
58
The Content Palette
60
Customize the Drawing Environment
60
Set Interface Options
61
Set Up the Drawing Area
61
Specify the Behavior of Palettes
62
Customize Startup
62
Start and Save Drawings
65
Start a Drawing
65
Overview of Starting a New Drawing
65
Specify Units and Unit Formats
66
Determine the Units of Measurement
66
Set the Unit Format Conventions
67
Use a Drawing Template File
68
Add Identifying Information to Drawings
69
Open or Save a Drawing
69
Open a Drawing
69
Work with Multiple Open Drawings
72
Preview Open Drawings and Layouts
72
Switch Between Open Drawings
73
Switch Between Layouts in the Current Drawing
73
Transfer Information between Open Drawings
73
Save a Drawing
74
Find a Drawing File
77
Specify Search Paths and File Locations
77
Repair, Restore, or Recover Drawing Files
78
Repair a Damaged Drawing File
78
Create and Restore Backup Files
80
Recover from a System Failure
81
Control the Drawing Views
83
Change Views
83
Pan or Zoom a View
83
Save and Restore Views
85
Control the 3D Projection Style
86
Overview of Parallel and Perspective Views
86
Define a Perspective Projection (DVIEW)
87
Define a Parallel Projection
87
Choose Preset 3D Views
88
Define a 3D View with Coordinate Values or Angles
88
Change to a View of the XY Plane
89
Shade a Model and Use Edge Effects
89
Use a Visual Style to Display Your Model
89
Customize a Visual Style
91
Shade and Color Faces
91
Display Backgrounds and Shadows
93
Control the Display of Edges
95
Control Performance
97
Performance Tuning
97
Memory Tuning
97
Use Viewing Tools
98
Specify 3D Views
98
Overview of 3D Views
99
Use 3D Navigation Tools
99
Create a 3D Dynamic View (DVIEW)
99
Use ViewCube Tool
100
Overview of ViewCube Tool
101
ViewCube Menu
102
ViewCube Menu
102
Reorient the View of a Model with ViewCube
103
Reorient the Current View
103
Set the View Projection Mode
105
Home View
106
Examine Individual Objects with the ViewCube Tool
106
Change the UCS with the ViewCube Tool
106
Display Multiple Views in Model Space
107
Set Model Space Viewports
107
Select and Use the Current Viewport
109
Save and Restore Model Layout Viewport Arrangements
110
Organize Drawings and Layouts
111
Create Single-View Drawings (Model Space)
111
Quick Start for Model Space Drafting
111
Draw, Scale, and Annotate in Model Space
112
Create Multiple-View Drawing Layouts (Paper Space)
115
Quick Start for Layouts
115
Understand the Layout Process
115
Work with Model Space and Paper Space
116
Work in Model Space
117
Work on a Named Layout
117
Access Model Space from a Layout Viewport
118
Create and Modify Layout Viewports
119
Control Views in Layout Viewports
120
Scale Views in Layout Viewports
121
Control Visibility in Layout Viewports
122
Freeze Specified Layers in a Layout Viewport
122
Screen Objects in Layout Viewports
123
Turn Layout Viewports On or Off
124
Scale Linetypes in Layout Viewports
125
Align Views in Layout Viewports
125
Rotate Views in Layout Viewports
126
Reuse Layouts and Layout Settings
127
Work with Layouts in a Project
128
Quick Start for Projects
128
Understand the Project Manager Interface
129
Create and Manage a Project
130
Create a Project
131
Create and Modify Layouts in a Project
133
Work with Views on Layouts
135
Organize a Project with Groups
135
Include Information with Projects, Groups, Layouts, and Views
136
Publish Layouts and Projects
137
Use Projects in a Team
138
Use Projects in a Multiple Operating System Environment
140
Create and Modify Objects
143
Control the Properties of Objects
143
Work with Object Properties
143
Overview of Object Properties
143
Display and Change the Properties of Objects
144
Copy Properties Between Objects
145
Work with Layers
145
Overview of Layers
145
Use Layers to Manage Complexity
146
Create and Name Layers
149
Change Layer Settings and Layer Properties
150
Override Layer Properties in Viewports
151
Group and Sort the List of Layers
154
Reconcile New Layers
157
Work with Layer States
158
Save, Restore, and Edit Layer States
158
Import and Export Layer States
159
Work with Colors
160
Set the Current Color
160
Change the Color of an Object
162
Use Color Books
162
Work with Linetypes
163
Overview of Linetypes
163
Load Linetypes
164
Set the Current Linetype
165
Change the Linetype of an Object
165
Control Linetype Scale
166
Display Linetypes on Short Segments and Polylines
167
Control Lineweights
167
Overview of Lineweights
168
Display Lineweights
169
Set the Current Lineweight
170
Change the Lineweight of an Object
170
Control the Display Properties of Certain Objects
171
Control the Display of Polylines, Hatches, Gradient Fills, Lineweights, and Text
171
Control the Transparency of Objects
173
Control the Transparency of Objects
173
Control How Overlapping Objects Are Displayed
173
Control the Display of Objects
174
Use Precision Tools
174
Work with the User Coordinate System (UCS)
174
Overview of the User Coordinate System (UCS)
174
Control the User Coordinate System (UCS)
176
Work with Named UCS Definitions and Preset Orientations
176
Assign UCS Definitions to Viewports
177
Use the Dynamic UCS with Solid Models
178
Control the Display of the User Coordinate System Icon
180
Enter Coordinates to Specify Points
182
Overview of Coordinate Entry
182
Enter 2D Coordinates
183
Enter Cartesian Coordinates
183
Enter Cartesian Coordinates
185
Enter Polar Coordinates
185
Enter Polar Coordinates
187
Enter 3D Coordinates
187
Enter 3D Cartesian Coordinates
188
Enter 3D Cartesian Coordinates
189
Enter Cylindrical Coordinates
189
Enter Cylindrical Coordinates
190
Enter Spherical Coordinates
191
Enter Spherical Coordinates
192
Use Dynamic Input
192
Snap to Locations on Objects (Object Snaps)
194
Use Object Snaps
195
The Object Snap Menu
196
Set Visual Aids for Object Snaps (AutoSnap)
197
Override Object Snap Settings
197
Restrict Cursor Movement
199
Adjust Grid and Grid Snap
199
Use Orthogonal Locking (Ortho Mode)
202
Use Polar Tracking and PolarSnap
203
Lock an Angle for One Point (Angle)
205
Combine or Offset Points and Coordinates
206
Combine Coordinate Values (Coordinate Filters)
206
Combine Coordinate Values (Coordinate Filters)
208
Track to Points on Objects (Object Snap Tracking)
209
Track to Offset Point Locations (Tracking)
211
Specify Distances
211
Enter Direct Distances
211
Offset from Temporary Reference Points
212
Specify Intervals on Objects
212
Overview of Specifying Intervals on Objects
212
Specify Measured Intervals on Objects
213
Divide an Object into Equal Segments
214
Extract Geometric Information from Objects
214
Obtain Distances, Angles, and Point Locations
214
Obtain Area and Mass Properties Information
215
Use a Calculator
219
Use the Command Prompt Calculator
219
Use the Command Prompt Calculator
221
Create Objects
221
Draw Linear Objects
221
Draw Lines
222
Draw Polylines
222
Draw Rectangles and Polygons
224
Draw Multiline Objects
225
Draw Freehand Sketches
226
Draw Curved Objects
227
Draw Arcs
227
Draw Circles
231
Draw Polyline Arcs
233
Draw Donuts
235
Draw Ellipses
235
Draw Splines
236
Draw Helixes
240
Draw Construction and Reference Geometry
241
Draw Reference Points
241
Draw Construction Lines (and Rays)
242
Create and Combine Areas (Regions)
243
Create Revision Clouds
245
Select and Modify Objects
246
Select Objects
246
Select Objects Individually
247
Select Multiple Objects
248
Prevent Objects from Being Selected
250
Select Objects by Properties
250
Customize Object Selection
251
Group Objects
253
Overview of Groups
253
Create Groups
253
Select Objects in Groups
254
Edit Groups
255
Correct Mistakes
255
Erase Objects
257
Cut, Copy, and Paste with the Clipboard
257
Modify Objects
258
Choose a Method to Modify Objects
258
Modify Objects Using Grips
259
Use Object Grips
259
Make Multiple Copies with Grips
261
Control Grips in Blocks
263
Move or Rotate Objects
264
Move Objects
264
Rotate Objects
266
Align Objects
267
Copy, Array, Offset, or Mirror Objects
268
Copy Objects
268
Array Objects
270
Overview of Arrays
270
Create Rectangular Arrays
271
Create Path Arrays
272
Create Polar Arrays
273
Edit Associative Arrays
274
Limit the Size of Arrays
277
Offset an Object
277
Mirror Objects
280
Change the Size and Shape of Objects
282
Trim or Extend Objects
282
Resize or Reshape Objects
286
Fillet, Chamfer, Break, or Join Objects
288
Create Fillets
288
Create Chamfers
292
Break and Join Objects
296
Disassociate Compound Objects (Explode)
297
Modify Polylines
298
Modify Splines
300
Modify Helixes
304
Modify Multilines
306
Add Constraints to Geometry
308
Overview of Constraints
308
Constrain Objects Geometrically
310
Overview of Geometric Constraints
310
Apply or Remove Geometric Constraints
311
Display and Verify Geometric Constraints
315
Modify Objects with Geometric Constraints Applied
317
Infer Geometric Constraints
319
Constrain Distances and Angles between Objects
320
Overview of Dimensional Constraints
321
Apply Dimensional Constraints
322
Control the Display of Dimensional Constraints
324
Modify Objects with Dimensional Constraints Applied
325
Constrain a Design with Formulas and Equations
327
Overview of Formulas and Equations
327
Control Geometry with Parameters
328
Define and Reference Blocks
333
Work with Blocks
333
Overview of Blocks
333
Insert Blocks
335
Work with Dynamic Blocks in Drawings
337
Overview of Dynamic Blocks
337
Work With Action Parameters in Blocks
339
Work With Constraint Parameters in Blocks
341
Remove Block Definitions
342
Create and Modify Blocks
342
Define Blocks
342
Create Blocks Within a Drawing
343
Create Drawing Files for Use as Blocks
344
Control the Color and Linetype Properties in Blocks
345
Nest Blocks
347
Create Block Libraries
349
Attach Data to Blocks (Block Attributes)
349
Overview of Block Attributes
350
Define Block Attributes
351
Extract Data from Block Attributes
353
Extract Block Attribute Data (Advanced)
354
Modify Blocks
359
Modify a Block Definition
359
Modify the Data in Block Attributes
360
Modify a Block Attribute Definition
361
Disassemble a Block Reference (Explode)
362
Work with 3D Models
365
Create 3D Models
365
Overview of 3D Modeling
365
Create Solids and Surfaces from Lines and Curves
368
Overview of Creating Solids and Surfaces
368
Create a Solid or Surface by Extruding
372
Create a Solid or Surface by Sweeping
374
Create a Solid or Surface by Lofting
376
Create a Solid or Surface by Revolving
378
Create Solids
378
Overview of Creating 3D Solids
378
Create 3D Solid Primitives
380
Create a Solid Box
380
Create a Solid Wedge
381
Create a Solid Cone
382
Create a Solid Cylinder
383
Create a Solid Sphere
384
Create a Solid Pyramid
385
Create a Solid Torus
386
Create a Polysolid
387
Create 3D Solids from Objects
388
Combine or Slice 3D Objects
392
Create Composite Objects
392
Create 3D Solids by Slicing
394
Check 3D Models for Interferences
394
Create Surfaces
395
Overview of Creating Surfaces
395
Create Procedural Surfaces
400
Create Surfaces from Other Surfaces
400
Create Planar Surfaces
400
Create Network Surfaces
400
Blend a Surface
401
Patch a Surface
401
Offset a Surface
401
Convert Objects to Procedural Surfaces
403
Create NURBS Surfaces
404
Using the Spline tool to create NURBS Surfaces and Splines
405
Create Associative Surfaces
406
Create Geometric Relationships between Associative Surfaces
407
Create Meshes
408
Overview of Creating Meshes
408
Create 3D Mesh Primitives
411
Create a Mesh Box
411
Create a Mesh Cone
412
Create a Mesh Cylinder
413
Create a Mesh Pyramid
414
Create a Mesh Sphere
416
Create a Mesh Wedge
417
Create a Mesh Torus
418
Construct Meshes from Other Objects
419
Create Meshes by Conversion
423
Create Custom Mesh (Legacy)
425
Create Wireframe Models
430
Add 3D Thickness to Objects
432
Modify 3D Models
433
Overview of Modifying 3D Objects
434
Use Gizmos to Modify Objects
436
Overview of Using Gizmos
436
Use the Gizmos
436
Move 3D Objects
438
Rotate 3D Objects
440
Scale 3D Objects
442
Use Grips to Modify Solids and Surfaces
444
Use 3D Subobject Grips
444
Cycle Through and Filter Subobjects
445
Use Grips to Edit 3D Solids and Surfaces
446
Modify 3D Subobjects
449
Move, Rotate, and Scale 3D Subobjects
449
Modify Faces on 3D Objects
451
Move, Rotate, and Scale Faces on 3D Solids and Surfaces
452
Copy, Delete, and Color Faces on 3D Solids
453
Modify Edges on 3D Objects
455
Modify Vertices on 3D Objects
458
Work with Complex 3D Solids and Surfaces
459
Display Original Forms of Composite Solids
460
Modify Composite Solids and Surfaces
461
Shell and Remove Redundancies in 3D Objects
463
Shell 3D Solids
463
Clean and Check 3D Solids
463
Pressing or Pulling Areas and Faces
464
Add Facets to Faces on Solids and Surfaces
465
Modify the Properties of 3D Solids, Surfaces, and Meshes
467
Modify Surfaces
470
Overview of Modifying Surfaces
471
Trim and Untrim Surfaces
472
Extend a Surface
473
Fillet a Surface
474
Edit NURBS Surfaces
474
Rebuild NURBS Surfaces and Curves
475
Analyze Surfaces
476
Analyze Surface Continuity with Zebra Analysis
477
Analyze the Curvature of a NURBS Surface
479
Use the Draft Analysis Tool
479
Modify Mesh Objects
480
Overview of Modifying Meshes
480
Change Mesh Smoothness Levels
483
Refine Mesh Objects or Subobjects
486
Add Creases to Mesh
488
Modify Mesh Faces
489
Create and Close Mesh Gaps
492
Tips for Working with Mesh
494
Create Sections and Drawings from 3D Models
500
Work with Sections
500
Overview of Section Objects
500
Create Section Objects
502
Modify a Section View
505
Add Jogs to a Section
505
Use Live Section to Adjust the Cross Section
505
Use Grips to Modify Section Objects
507
Set Section Object States and Properties
508
Associate Section Objects with Named Views
509
Save and Publish Section Objects
509
Save Sections as Blocks or Drawings
509
Publish Section Objects
511
Create a Flattened View
512
Annotate Drawings
515
Work with Annotations
515
Overview of Annotations
515
Scale Annotations
516
Overview of Scaling Annotations
516
Set Annotation Scale
517
Set Annotation Scale
517
Create Annotative Objects
518
Overview of Creating Annotative Objects
518
Overview of Creating Annotative Objects
518
Work with Annotative Styles
520
Work with Annotative Styles
520
Create Annotative Text
521
Create Annotative Text
521
Create Annotative Dimensions and Tolerances
521
Create Annotative Dimensions and Tolerances
522
Create Annotative Leaders and Multileaders
523
Create Annotative Leaders and Multileaders
523
Create Annotative Blocks and Attributes
523
Create Annotative Blocks and Attributes
523
Create Annotative Hatches
525
Create Annotative Hatches
525
Display Annotative Objects
526
Display Annotative Objects
526
Add and Modify Scale Representations
527
Add and Modify Scale Representations
527
Set Orientation for Annotations
528
Set Orientation for Annotations
529
Hatches, Fills, and Wipeouts
530
Overview of Hatch Patterns and Fills
530
Specify Hatch and Fill Areas
531
Control the Appearance of Hatches
535
Choose a Hatch Pattern or Fill
535
Control the Hatch Origin Point
536
Control the Scale of Hatch Patterns
536
Set Property Overrides for Hatches and Fills
537
Control the Display of Hatch Boundaries
537
Control the Draw Order of Hatches and Fills
538
Modify Hatches and Fills
538
Modify Hatch Properties
539
Modify Hatch Alignment, Scale, and Rotation
539
Reshape a Hatch or Fill
540
Re-create the Boundary of a Hatch or Fill
541
Create a Blank Area to Cover Objects
542
Notes and Labels
543
Overview of Notes and Labels
543
Create Text
543
Overview of Creating Text
543
Create Single-Line Text
544
Create Multiline Text
546
Overview of Multiline Text
546
Justify Multiline Text
548
Format Characters Within Multiline Text
549
Create Lists in Multiline Text
549
Indent Multiline Text and Use Tabs
551
Specify the Line Spacing Within Multiline Text
552
Create Stacked Characters Within Multiline Text
552
Create and Edit Columns in Multiline Text
554
Import Text from External Files
555
Create Leaders
555
Overview of Leader Objects
555
Create and Modify Leaders
556
Modify Leaders Using Grips
558
Work with Leader Styles
559
Add Content to a Leader
559
Use Fields in Text
562
Insert Fields
562
Update Fields
563
Work with Text Styles
566
Overview of Text Styles
566
Assign Text Fonts
568
Overview of Assigning Text Fonts
568
Use TrueType Fonts
569
Use Text Fonts for International Work
569
Substitute Fonts
571
Set Text Height
573
Set Text Height
573
Set Text Obliquing Angle
574
Set Horizontal or Vertical Text Orientation
575
Change Text
575
Overview of Changing Text
576
Change Single-Line Text
576
Change Multiline Text
576
Find and Replace Text
577
Check Spelling
578
Format Multiline Text at the Command Prompt
579
Tables
582
Create and Modify Tables
582
Work with Table Styles
584
Add Text and Blocks to Tables
585
Use Formulas in Table Cells
586
Dimensions and Tolerances
587
Understand Basic Concepts of Dimensioning
587
Overview of Dimensioning
587
Parts of a Dimension
588
Associative Dimensions
589
Use Dimension Styles
591
Overview of Dimension Styles
591
Compare Dimension Styles and Variables
591
Control Dimension Geometry
592
Control Dimension Lines
592
Control Extension Lines
593
Control Dimension Arrowheads
596
Customize Arrowheads
596
Control Dimension Text
597
Fit Dimension Text Within Extension Lines
597
Control the Location of Dimension Text
599
Control the Appearance of Dimension Text
602
Control Dimension Values
603
Control the Display of Dimension Units
603
Round Off Dimension Values
605
Suppress Zeros in Dimensions
605
Display Lateral Tolerances
606
Control the Display of Fractions
608
Set the Scale for Dimensions
609
Create Dimensions
610
Create Linear Dimensions
610
Overview of Creating Linear Dimensions
611
Create Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions
611
Create Aligned Dimensions
612
Create Baseline and Continued Dimensions
612
Create Rotated Dimensions
613
Create Dimensions with Oblique Extension Lines
613
Create Radial Dimensions
614
Create Angular Dimensions
618
Create Ordinate Dimensions
620
Create Arc Length Dimensions
622
Modify Existing Dimensions
622
Modify A Dimension
623
Overview of Modifying Dimensions
623
Modify Dimension Geometry
623
Change Dimension Associativity
626
Modify Dimension Text
628
Dimension Jog
629
Convert Dimensions into Inspection Dimensions
630
Break a Dimension Line
631
Adjust Dimension Spacing
634
Apply a New Dimension Style to Existing Dimensions
635
Override a Dimension Style
635
Add Geometric Tolerances
636
Overview of Geometric Tolerances
636
Material Conditions
638
Datum Reference Frames
638
Projected Tolerance Zones
639
Composite Tolerances
639
Plot and Publish Drawings
641
Specify Settings for Plotting
641
Save Plot Settings as Named Page Setups
641
Reuse Named Page Setups
642
Specify Page Setup Settings
643
Select a Printer or Plotter for a Layout
643
Select a Paper Size for a Layout
643
Determine the Drawing Orientation of a Layout
644
Set the Plot Area of a Layout
644
Adjust the Plot Offset of a Layout
645
Set the Plot Scale for a Layout
645
Set the Lineweight Scale for a Layout
646
Select a Plot Style Table for a Layout
646
Set Shaded Viewport and Plot Options for a Layout
646
Named Page Setups with Projects
647
Print or Plot Drawings
647
Overview of Plotting
648
Use a Page Setup to Specify Plot Settings
650
Select a Printer or Plotter
650
Specify the Area to Plot
650
Set Paper Size
651
Position the Drawing on the Paper
651
Specify the Printable Area
651
Set the Position of the Plot
652
Set Drawing Orientation
652
Control How Objects Are Plotted
653
Set Plot Scale
653
Set Shaded Viewport Options
654
Overview of Shaded Viewport Plotting
654
Specify Shaded Plotting Settings
655
Specify a Resolution Level for Shaded Plotting
655
Set Options for Plotted Objects
656
Use Plot Styles to Control Plotted Objects
657
Overview of Plot Styles
657
Choose a Type of Plot Style Table
658
Assign Plot Style Tables to Layouts
658
Manage Plot Style Tables
659
Use Color-Dependent Plot Style Tables
659
Use Named Plot Style Tables
660
Use Named Plot Styles
660
Manage Named Plot Styles
661
Use Predefined Named Plot Style Tables
661
Change Plot Style Settings
662
Overview of Plot Style Settings
662
Set Color, Screening, Grayscale, and Dither in Plot Style Tables
662
Control Plotted Lineweight and Linetype
663
Assign Plotted Line End and Join Styles
664
Assign Plotted Fill Styles
665
Preview a Plot
666
Plot Files to Other Formats
666
Plot Adobe PDF Files
666
Publish Drawings
666
Overview of Publishing
667
Create a Drawing Set for Publishing
667
Publish a Project
668
Share Data Between Files
669
Reference Other Drawing Files
669
Overview of Referenced Drawings (Xrefs)
669
Attach and Detach Referenced Drawings
670
Attach Drawing References (Xrefs)
670
Attach Drawing References (Xrefs)
672
Nest and Overlay Referenced Drawings
672
Set Paths to Referenced Drawings
673
Detach Referenced Drawings
675
Detach Referenced Drawings
675
Update and Archive Referenced Drawings
676
Update Referenced Drawing Attachments
676
Update Referenced Drawing Attachments
677
Archive Drawings That Contain Referenced Drawings (Bind)
678
Archive Drawings That Contain Referenced Drawings (Bind)
678
Clip External References and Blocks
679
Edit Referenced Drawings
681
Edit a Referenced Drawing in a Separate Window
682
Edit Selected Objects in Referenced Drawings and Blocks
682
Use the Working Set to Edit Referenced Drawings and Blocks
684
Save Back Edited Referenced Drawings and Blocks
685
Edit Referenced Drawings and Blocks with Nesting or Attributes
686
Resolve Referenced Drawing Errors
686
Resolve Missing External References
687
Resolve Circular External References
688
Resolve Name Conflicts in External References
688
Track External Reference Operations (Log File)
689
Track External Reference Operations (Log File)
691
Increase Performance with Large Referenced Drawings
692
Overview of Demand Loading
692
Unload Xrefs in Large Drawings
692
Work with Demand Loading in Large Drawings
692
Work with Layer and Spatial Indexes
693
Set Paths for Temporary Xref File Copies
694
Work with Data in Other Formats
695
Import Other File Formats
695
Import ACIS SAT Files
695
Convert DXF and DXB Files to DWG Format
695
Attach PDF Files as Underlays
696
Overview of PDF Underlays
696
Attach, Scale, and Detach PDF Underlays
696
Attach PDF Files as Underlays
697
Detach PDF Underlays
698
Unload PDF Underlays
698
Work with PDF Underlays
698
Control the Display of Layers in a PDF Underlay
699
Modify the Position, Scale, or Rotation of a PDF Underlay
699
Use Object Snaps with PDF Underlays
700
Adjust PDF Underlay Contrast, Fade, Monochrome, and Colors for the Background
701
Clip PDF Underlays
701
Hide and Show PDF Underlay Frames
703
Manage and Publish Drawings Containing PDF Underlays
704
View PDF Underlay Information
704
Change File Paths of PDF Underlays
705
Publish and Save Drawings Containing PDF Underlays
706
Attach Raster Image Files
706
Overview of Raster Images
707
Attach, Scale, and Detach Raster Images
709
Attach Raster Images
709
Scale Raster Images
710
Detach Raster Images
711
Modify Raster Images and Image Boundaries
711
Show and Hide Raster Image Boundaries
711
Clip Raster Images
712
Change Raster Image Brightness, Contrast, and Fade
713
Modify Color and Transparency for Bitonal Raster Images
714
Manage Raster Images
714
View Raster Image Information
714
Assign Descriptive Names to Raster Images
715
Change File Paths of Raster Images
716
Tune Raster Image Performance
716
Load and Unload Raster Images
717
Improve the Display Speed of Raster Images
717
Export Drawings to Other File Formats
718
Export PDF Files
718
Export DXF Files
719
Export Raster Files
719
Export PostScript Files
719
Export ACIS SAT Files
720
Export Stereolithography STL Files
720
Use Drawings from Different Versions and Applications
721
Work with Drawings in Earlier Releases
721
Save Drawings to Previous Drawing File Formats
725
Work with AutoCAD Drawings in AutoCAD LT
726
Work with Custom and Proxy Objects
728
Collaborate with Others
731
Use the Internet for Collaboration
731
Get Started with Internet Access
731
Work with Drawing Files over the Internet
732
Open and Save Drawing Files from the Internet
732
Share Drawing Files Internationally
732
Use AutoCAD WS for Drawing File Collaboration
733
Work with Xrefs over the Internet
734
Render Drawings
737
Draw 2D Isometric Views
737
Set Isometric Grid and Snap
737
Draw Isometric Circles
738
Add Lighting to Your Model
739
Overview of Lighting
739
Standard and Photometric Lighting Workflow
741
Illuminate a Scene
742
Guidelines for Lighting
742
Use Point Lights
743
Use Spotlights
745
Use Weblights
747
Overview of Weblights
747
IES Standard File Format
750
Use Distant Lights
753
Assigning a Shape to a Light
753
Adjust and Manipulate Lights
754
Control the Display of Lights
754
Adjust Light Placement
755
Control Light Properties
756
Sun and Sky Simulation
761
Incorporate Luminaire Objects
761
Materials and Textures
762
Overview of Materials
762
Browse Material Library
762
Render 3D Objects for Realism
764
Overview of Rendering
764
Prepare a Model for Rendering
765
Understand Face Normals and Hidden Surfaces
765
Minimize Intersecting and Coplanar Faces
767
Balance Mesh Density for Smooth Geometry
770
Balance Mesh Density for Smooth Geometry
772
Set Up the Renderer
773
Control the Rendering Environment
773
Basics of Rendering
774
Render Views
774
Save and Redisplay Rendered Images
775
Save a Rendered Image
775
Redisplay a Rendered Image
775
Use Models with Other Applications
776
Glossary
777
Index
823
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