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APPENDIX E: Terminology
TERM MEANING
Gateway A machine that provides a route (or pathway) to the outside world.
Hub A network device that allows more than one computer to be connected as a LAN, usually using
UTP cabling.
Internet A worldwide system of computer networks - a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining network
of networks accessible to hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The Internet is technically
distinguished because it uses the TCP/IP set of protocols.
Intranet A private TCP/IP network within an enterprise.
IPMI Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) is a set of common interfaces to a computer
system that system administrators can use to monitor system health and manage the system.
The IPMI standard defines the protocols for interfacing with a service processor embedded into a
server platform.
Key lifetimes The length of time before keys are renegotiated.
LAN Local Area Network.
LDAP The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is based on the X.500 standard, but
significantly simpler and more readily adapted to meet custom needs. The core LDAP
specifications are all defined in RFCs. LDAP is a protocol used to access information stored in an
LDAP server.
LED Light-Emitting Diode.
MAC address Every piece of Ethernet hardware has a unique number assigned to it called its MAC address.
Ethernet is used locally to connect the console server to the Internet, and it may share the local
network with many other devices. The MAC address is used by the local Internet router in order
to direct console server traffic to it rather than someone else in the local area. It is a 48-bit
number usually written as a series of 6 hexadecimal octets (e.g., 00:d0:cf:00:5b:da). A console
server has a MAC address listed on a label underneath the device.
MSCHAP Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (MSCHAP) is authentication for PPP
connections between a computer using a Microsoft Windows operating system and a network
access server. It is more secure than PAP or CHAP, and is the only option that also supports data
encryption.
NAT Network Address Translation. The translation of an IP address used on one network to an IP
address on another network. Masquerading is one particular form of NAT.
Net mask The way that computers know which part of a TCP/IP address refers to the network, and which
part refers to the host range.
NFS Network File System is a protocol that allows file sharing across a network. Users can view, store,
and update files on a remote computer.
NTP Network Time Protocol (NTP) used to synchronize clock times in a network of computers.
OUT OF BAND Out-of-Band (OOB) management is any management done over channels and interfaces that are
separate from those used for user/customer data. Examples include a serial console interface
or a network interface connected to a dedicated management network that is not used to carry
customer traffic, or to a BMC/service processor. Any management done over the same channels
and interfaces used for user/customer data is In Band.
PAP Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) is the usual method of user authentication used on the
internet: sending a username and password to a server where they are compared with a table of
authorized users. Whilst most common, PAP is the least secure of the authentication options.
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol. A networking protocol for establishing simple links between two peers.
RADIUS The Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) protocol was developed by Livingston
Enterprises as an access server authentication and accounting protocol. The RADIUS server
can support a variety of methods to authenticate a user. When it is provided with the username
and original password given by the user, it can support PPP, PAP or CHAP, UNIX login, and other
authentication mechanisms.
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