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Appendix B Glossary
Glossary
Description
I
ICMP (Internet Control
Messages Protocol)
Network layer Internet protocol that reports errors and provides
other information relevant to IP packet processing.
Internet
Largest global Internetwork, connecting tens of thousands of
networks worldwide and having a “culture” that focuses on
research and standardization based on real-life use.
IP (Internet Protocol)
Network layer protocol in the TCP/IP stack offering a
connectionless Internetwork service. IP provides features for
addressing, type-of-
service specification, fragmentation and
reassembly, and security.
ISP (Internet Service
Provider)
Company that provides Internet access to other companies and
individuals.
IPsec (IP Security)
A framework of open standards that provides data
confidentiality, data integrity, and data authentication between
participating peers.
L
LAN (Local Area Network)
High-speed, low-error data network covering a relatively small
geographic area (up to a few thousand meters). LANs connect
workstations, peripherals, terminals, and other devices in a single
building or other geographically limited area.
M
MAC address (Media
Access Control address)
Standardized data link layer address that is required for every
port or device that connects to a LAN. Other devices in the
network use these addresses to locate specific ports in the
network and to create and update routing tables and data
structures. MAC addresses are 6 bytes long and are controlled
by the IEEE.
MTU (Maximum
Transmission Unit)
The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be transmitted.
N
NAT (Network Address
Translator)
Mechanism for reducing the need for glo
bally unique IP
addresses. NAT allows an organization with addresses that are
not globally unique to connect to the Internet by translating
those addresses into globally routable address space.
NTP Server
NTP Server is used for synchronizing the time across computer
networks.
P
PPPoE (Point-to-Point
Protocol over Ethernet)
PPPoE is a network protocol for encapsulating Point-to-Point
Protocol (PPP) frames inside Ethernet frames.
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