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Vertical Oscillation: The amount of bounce while you are
running. The vertical motion of your torso, measured in
centimeters for each step.
Vertical Ratio: The ratio of vertical oscillation to stride length.
About Heart Rate Zones
Many athletes use heart rate zones to measure and increase
their cardiovascular strength and improve their level of fitness. A
heart rate zone is a set range of heartbeats per minute. The five
commonly accepted heart rate zones are numbered from 1 to 5
according to increasing intensity. Generally, heart rate zones are
calculated based on percentages of your maximum heart rate.
Heart Rate Zone Calculations
Zone % of
Maximum
Heart Rate
Perceived Exertion Benefits
1 50–60% Relaxed, easy pace,
rhythmic breathing
Beginning-level
aerobic training,
reduces stress
2 60–70% Comfortable pace,
slightly deeper
breathing, conversation
possible
Basic cardiovascular
training, good
recovery pace
Zone % of
Maximum
Heart Rate
Perceived Exertion Benefits
3 70–80% Moderate pace, more
difficult to hold
conversation
Improved aerobic
capacity, optimal
cardiovascular training
4 80–90% Fast pace and a bit
uncomfortable, breathing
forceful
Improved anaerobic
capacity and
threshold, improved
speed
5 90–100% Sprinting pace,
unsustainable for long
period of time, labored
breathing
Anaerobic and
muscular endurance,
increased power
VO2 Max. Standard Ratings
These tables include standardized classifications for VO2 max. estimates by age and gender.
Males Percentile 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70–79
Superior 95 55.4 54 52.5 48.9 45.7 42.1
Excellent 80 51.1 48.3 46.4 43.4 39.5 36.7
Good 60 45.4 44 42.4 39.2 35.5 32.3
Fair 40 41.7 40.5 38.5 35.6 32.3 29.4
Poor 0–40 <41.7 <40.5 <38.5 <35.6 <32.3 <29.4
Females Percentile 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70–79
Superior 95 49.6 47.4 45.3 41.1 37.8 36.7
Excellent 80 43.9 42.4 39.7 36.7 33 30.9
Good 60 39.5 37.8 36.3 33 30 28.1
Fair 40 36.1 34.4 33 30.1 27.5 25.9
Poor 0–40 <36.1 <34.4 <33 <30.1 <27.5 <25.9
Data reprinted with permission from The Cooper Institute. For more information, go to www.CooperInstitute.org.
Wheel Size and Circumference
Your speed sensor automatically detects your wheel size. If
necessary, you can manually enter your wheel circumference in
the speed sensor settings.
The tire size is marked on both sides of the tire. This is not a
comprehensive list. You can also measure the circumference of
your wheel or use one of the calculators available on the
internet.
Tire Size Wheel Circumference (mm)
20 × 1.75 1515
20 × 1-3/8 1615
22 × 1-3/8 1770
22 × 1-1/2 1785
24 × 1 1753
24 × 3/4 Tubular 1785
24 × 1-1/8 1795
24 × 1.75 1890
24 × 1-1/4 1905
24 × 2.00 1925
24 × 2.125 1965
26 × 7/8 1920
Tire Size Wheel Circumference (mm)
26 × 1-1.0 1913
26 × 1 1952
26 × 1.25 1953
26 × 1-1/8 1970
26 × 1.40 2005
26 × 1.50 2010
26 × 1.75 2023
26 × 1.95 2050
26 × 2.00 2055
26 × 1-3/8 2068
26 × 2.10 2068
26 × 2.125 2070
26 × 2.35 2083
26 × 1-1/2 2100
26 × 3.00 2170
27 × 1 2145
27 × 1-1/8 2155
27 × 1-1/4 2161
27 × 1-3/8 2169
29 x 2.1 2288
32 Appendix
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