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Stride Length: The length of your stride from one footfall to the
next, measured in meters.
Stroke Rate: Swimming. The number of strokes per minute
(spm).
Strokes: The total number of strokes for the current activity.
Sunrise: The time of sunrise based on your GPS position.
Sunset: The time of sunset based on your GPS position.
Temperature: The temperature of the air. Your body
temperature affects the temperature sensor.
Time in Zone: The time elapsed in each heart rate or power
zone.
Time of Day: The time of day based on your current location
and time settings (format, time zone, daylight saving time).
Timer: The stopwatch time for the current activity.
Time Seated: The time spent seated while pedaling for the
current activity.
Time Seated Lap: The time spent seated while pedaling for the
current lap.
Time Standing: The time spend standing while pedaling for the
current activity.
Time Standing Lap: The time spend standing while pedaling for
the current lap.
Torque Effectiveness: The measurement of how efficiently a
rider is pedaling.
Total Hemoglobin: The estimated total hemoglobin
concentration in the muscle.
Training Effect: The current impact (1.0 to 5.0) on your aerobic
fitness.
Training Stress Score: The Training Stress Score
™
for the
current activity.
Vertical Oscillation: The amount of bounce while you are
running. The vertical motion of your torso, measured in
centimeters for each step.
Vertical Ratio: The ratio of vertical oscillation to stride length.
Work: The accumulated work performed (power output) in
kilojoules.
Fitness Goals
Knowing your heart rate zones can help you measure and
improve your fitness by understanding and applying these
principles.
• Your heart rate is a good measure of exercise intensity.
• Training in certain heart rate zones can help you improve
cardiovascular capacity and strength.
If you know your maximum heart rate, you can use the table
(Heart Rate Zone Calculations, page 23) to determine the best
heart rate zone for your fitness objectives.
If you do not know your maximum heart rate, use one of the
calculators available on the Internet. Some gyms and health
centers can provide a test that measures maximum heart rate.
The default maximum heart rate is 220 minus your age.
About Heart Rate Zones
Many athletes use heart rate zones to measure and increase
their cardiovascular strength and improve their level of fitness. A
heart rate zone is a set range of heartbeats per minute. The five
commonly accepted heart rate zones are numbered from 1 to 5
according to increasing intensity. Generally, heart rate zones are
calculated based on percentages of your maximum heart rate.
Heart Rate Zone Calculations
Zone % of
Maximum
Heart Rate
Perceived Exertion Benefits
1 50–60% Relaxed, easy pace,
rhythmic breathing
Beginning-level
aerobic training,
reduces stress
2 60–70% Comfortable pace,
slightly deeper
breathing, conversation
possible
Basic cardiovascular
training, good
recovery pace
3 70–80% Moderate pace, more
difficult to hold
conversation
Improved aerobic
capacity, optimal
cardiovascular training
4 80–90% Fast pace and a bit
uncomfortable, breathing
forceful
Improved anaerobic
capacity and
threshold, improved
speed
5 90–100% Sprinting pace,
unsustainable for long
period of time, labored
breathing
Anaerobic and
muscular endurance,
increased power
VO2 Max. Standard Ratings
These tables include standardized classifications for VO2 max. estimates by age and gender.
Males Percentile 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70–79
Superior 95 55.4 54 52.5 48.9 45.7 42.1
Excellent 80 51.1 48.3 46.4 43.4 39.5 36.7
Good 60 45.4 44 42.4 39.2 35.5 32.3
Fair 40 41.7 40.5 38.5 35.6 32.3 29.4
Poor 0–40 <41.7 <40.5 <38.5 <35.6 <32.3 <29.4
Females Percentile 20–29 30–39 40–49 50–59 60–69 70–79
Superior 95 49.6 47.4 45.3 41.1 37.8 36.7
Excellent 80 43.9 42.4 39.7 36.7 33 30.9
Good 60 39.5 37.8 36.3 33 30 28.1
Fair 40 36.1 34.4 33 30.1 27.5 25.9
Poor 0–40 <36.1 <34.4 <33 <30.1 <27.5 <25.9
Data reprinted with permission from The Cooper Institute. For more information, go to www.CooperInstitute.org.
Appendix 23
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