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If the rest is placed too high (Figure 13D) and the chisel is
corre_y positioned for cutting, it strikes the workpiece near
the top where the direction of fome exerted bythe workpiece
is neady horizontal - and kickback will again result.
If the rest is placed too far out from the work surface
(Figure 13E), then, when con'ectiy held, the chisel is again
too high on the work. Also, you have lees leverage on your
aide of the tool rest and it is even more difficult to hold the
chisel. With large diameter work (Figure '13F), the tool rest
can be above the workpiece centerline, and somewhat out
from the work surface. With small diameter work (Figure
13G), the rest should be ¢_oser to the work surface. As
work grows smaller, the rest should be repositioned.
Fie. 13A Fig. '_3a Fig. '13C
No ._u_port
_,_,J D_ Bell _haller 6 t j' I:=oirll
Ch_] CLlt_ri_ PtOp_T_ Ch_e I T_ Hor_Dr)_l _ TO0 H_h
Fig. 13E
How to Position Tool Rest for Circumference Scrapmg
In scraping operations, the tool rest position is not as critical
as it is for cutting operations.
• The chiselgenerally is held horizontally, though it car] be
held at an angle to reach into tight places. Considering that
thewire edge of thechisel does the scraping, Figures 14B
and 14C show the results oftoo tow or too high a position
forthe reel
Figure 14A shows the chisel action with therest correctly
positioned.
Fig. 14A Fig. 14B Fig. 14C
Figure 14
How to Position Chisel and Rest for Diameter Scraping
When scraping on the diameter, that portion of surface to the
right of center is moving upward (Figure 15A). If a chisel is
placed in this area, it will simply be carried up off the rest and
outof your hands.
• Alldiameter approach operations must be done at the left
of center.
Three different chisel contact points are shown in Figure 15B.
It will be noted that when a chisel i_ above the work.piece cen-
ter (or below it) the work surface sweeps past the chisel edge
at an angle and tends to carry the chiselin one direction or
the other along the rest.
Only when the chisel contacts the work on the centerline,
doe_ the work surface pass squarely under the chisel
edge. This, then, is the position in which it is easiest to
hold the chisel steady. To obtain this position, place the
rest approximately %"(thickness of chisel) below center.
Fig. 15A Fig. 15B
Rest
Figure 15
USING THE GOUGE
Three gouges, the V,,% and 3/,"sizes, are adequate for
general homeshop turning, Other sizes _-om % to 2" can be
purchased to provide more flexibility.
The chief use of the gouge is for rough circumference cutting
of raw etock down to a cylinder of working size. It is best to
use this tool for rapid cutting away of large areas of the work-
piece. When the tool is used this way, it does not produce a
smooth surface.With practice, the gouge can be used for cut-
ting coves and the shaping of long cuts.
When used forcutting, the gouge is alwaysheld with the con-
vex side do_,n. It should be rolled approx,imatety 30_ to45° in
the direc_ inwhich it is being advanced along the rest and
the cut_ng edge should be elightly ahead of the handle.
Cutting Edge
Advanced Wrong
Figure 16
Right
USING THE SKEW
- Two skews, the '/_and 1" sizes, are all that are needed for
general use. Other sizes are available.
This ted is nearly always used to make finishedcuts,to cutvees
and bead_, and to square shoulders. Propedy used, it produces
the best _nish that can be obtainedwith a chisel. It is not recom-
mended for scraping because the edge tends to dull more quickJy.
For finish cutting, the skew is held with the cutting edge
considerably in advance of the handle, bevel side down.
Keep the base of the bevel against the work. It is good
practice is to place the skew well over the work, pull it back
until the edge begins to cut, then swing the handle into
position to advance the cut.
Both the toe and the heel of the skew can be used for takinglight
cuts, but do not peneb'ate the wood too deeply wi_out cutting
clearances. There is dangerofburningthetip of the tool,
8
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