Loading ...
Loading ...
Loading ...

sv
ó
0RQWHULQJVDQYLVQLQJ
9LNWLJDDQYLVQLQJDU
/lVDQYLVQLQJHQQRJJUDQWRFKVSDUDGHQ6lNHUDQYlQGQLQJ
NUlYHUDWWLQE\JJQDGHQlUXWI|UGIDFNPlVVLJWHQOLJW
PRQWHULQJVDQYLVQLQJHQ,QVWDOODW|UHQDQVYDUDUI|UDWWHQKHWHQ
IXQJHUDUSnXSSVWlOOQLQJVSODWVHQ
'HWlUEDUDEHK|ULJIDFNPDQVRPInUDQVOXWDHQKHWHQ
%U\WDOOWLGVWU|PWLOOI|UVHOQLQQDQGXJHQRPI|UDUEHWHQDYDOODVODJ
: 6NDGHULVN
YLGLQVWDOODWLRQSnJUXQGDYYDVVDNDQWHU$QYlQGDOOWLG
VN\GGVKDQGVNDUYLGLQVWDOODWLRQDYHQKHWHQ
0RQWHUDNROILOWHUPRGXOHQ
'HPRQWHUDEHNOlGQDGHQ VH µ0RQWHULQJVDQYLVQLQJWLOO
VSLVIOlNWHQµ
6NUXYDIDVWSOnWE\JHOQL NROILOWHUPRGXOHQ²%LOG 
6WLFNLQ NROILOWHUPRGXOHQL IlVWHQDRFK VNUXYDIDVWGHQ ²%LOG ²

)lVWVODQJHQLNROILOWHUPRGXOHQRFKU|UVWRVHQPHGGHWYn
U|UNOlPPRUQD²%LOG
6ODQJHQPnVWHYDUDVSlQGJ|UGHQNRUWDUHRPVnEHK|YV
0RQWHUDEHNOlGQDGHQVHµ0RQWHULQJVDQYLVQLQJWLOOVSLVIOlNWHQµ
6SULQJRUQDL GHQ LQUHEHNOlGQDGVGHOHQVNDVLWWDXSSWLOO
.ROILOWHUQlUIOlNWHQVND DQYlQGDVWLOOVDPPDQV
PHG NROILOWHU
(WW NROILOWHU ELQGHU OXNWlPQHQD 9LG QRUPDO DQYlQGQLQJ VSLVIOlNWHQ
DQYlQGV WLPPDUYDUMHGDJPnVWHNROILOWUHQE\WDVWLOO
Q\D JnQJHUSHU nU
$QYLVQLQJ .ROILOWHULQQHKnOOHULQJDVNDGOLJDlPQHQRFK NDQ
GlUI|UVOlQJDVPHG |YULJDN|NVVRSRU
6lWWDLQ NROILOWHU
 7DXW PHWDOOIHWWILOWUHWVH µ%UXNVDQYLVQLQJWLOOVSLVIOlNWHQµ
 6lWWLQ NROILOWUHWIlOOGHWXSSnWRFK VHWLOODWWGHWKDNDUIDVW
L VSlUUHQ ² %LOG 
 6lWWDLQ PHWDOOIHWWILOWUHWVH µ%UXNVDQYLVQLQJWLOOVSLVIOlNWHQµ
no
ê
0RQWHULQJVYHLOHGQLQJ
9LNWLJHPHUNQDGHU
/HVGHQQHEUXNVDQYLVQLQJHQQ¡\HRJWDYDUHSnGHQIRUVHQHUH
EUXN6LNNHUEUXNNDQEDUHJDUDQWHUHVGHUVRPPRQWHULQJHQVNMHU
Sn IDJPHVVLJ PnWH L VDPVYDU PHG GHQQH PRQWHULQJVYHLOHGQLQJHQ
,QVWDOODW¡UHQ HU DQVYDUOLJ IRU DW DSSDUDWHW IXQJHUHU VRP GHW VNDO Sn
RSSVWLOOLQJVVWHGHW
$SSDUDWHWPnEDUHNREOHVWLODYJRGNMHQWHIDJIRON
)¡UDOOHDUEHLGHUPnVWU¡PWLOI¡UVHOHQEU\WHV
: )DUHIRUVNDGH
3nJUXQQDYVNDUSHNDQWHUXQGHULQVWDOODVMRQHQ%UXNDOOWLG
YHUQHKDQVNHUXQGHULQVWDOODVMRQDYDSSDUDWHW
0RQWHULQJDY VLUNXODVMRQVVSRU
'HPRQWHUHVSLSHEOHQGHQVH ´0RQWHULQJVYHLOHGQLQJIRU
GDPSKHWWHQµ
%¡\OHQVNUXHVIDVWSn VSRUHWIRU VLUNXODVMRQVOXIW ² ELOGH 
6SRUHWIRU VLUNXODVMRQVOXIWVHWWHVLQQ L KROGHUHQRJ VNUXVIDVW ²
ELOGH ² 
)HVWVODQJHQPHGWR U¡UNODPPHUWLOVSRUHWIRURPOXIWRJ WLO
OXIWVWXVVHQ ² ELOGH 
6ODQJHQPn YUHUHWWRPQ¡GYHQGLJNDQGHQ IRUNRUWHV
0RQWHUHVSLSHEOHQGHQVH ´0RQWHULQJVYHLOHGQLQJIRU
GDPSKHWWHQµ
6SUHNNHQHSn GHQLQGUHSLSHEOHQGHQPn YUHRSSH
$NWLYNXOOILOWHUIRU VLUNXODVMRQVGULIW
$NWLYNXOOILOWHUELQGHUOXNWVWRIIHQHXQGHUVLUNXODVMRQVGULIWHQ
9HG QRUPDO GULIW GDJOLJ WLO WLPHU E¡U GX VNLIWH XW DNWLY NXOOILOWHUHW
WR JDQJHUL nUHW
0HUN $NWLYNXOOILOWHUHWLQQHKROGHULQJHQVNDGHOLJHVWRIIHURJ NDQ
NDVWHVL GHWYDQOLJHKXVERVVHW
,QQVHWWLQJDY DNWLYNRKOHILOWHU
 'HVPRQWHUHV PHWDOOIHWWILOWHUHWVH ´%UXNVYHLOHGQLQJHQIRU
GDPSKHWWHQµ
 $NWLYNXOOILOWHUHWVHWWHVLQQNODIIHRSSRJODVNHQVPHNNHVSn ²
ELOGH 
 0RQWHUHV PHWDOOIHWWILOWHUHWVH ´%UXNVYHLOHGQLQJHQIRU
GDPSKHWWHQµ
fi
Ý
$VHQQXVRKMH
7lUNHLWlRKMHLWD
/XHMDVlLO\WlWlPlNl\WW|RKMHKXROHOOLVHVWL9DLQQlLGHQ
DVHQQXVRKMHLGHQPXNDLQHQDPPDWWLWDLWRLQHQDVHQQXVWDNDD
WXUYDOOLVHQNl\W|Q$VHQWDMDYDVWDDPRLWWHHWWRPDVWDWRLPLQQDVWD
DVHQQXVSDLNDVVD
/DLWWHHQVDDOLLWWllYDLQYDOWXXWHWWXDPPDWWLDVHQWDMD
-RNDLVHQKXROWRWRLPHQSLWHHQ\KWH\GHVVlRQODLWWHHVWDNDWNDLVWDYD
YLUWD
: /RXNNDDQWXPLVYDDUD
-RKWXHQ WHUlYLVWl UHXQRLVWD ODLWHWWD DVHQQHWWDHVVD $VHQQHWWDHVVD
Nl\WHWWlYlVXRMDNlVLQHLWl
,OPDYLUUDQRKMDLPHQDVHQQXV
,UURWDKRUPLVXRMXV NDWVR Å/LHVLWXXOHWWLPHQDVHQQXVRKMH´
.LLQQLWlWXHWLOPDQYLUUDQRKMDLPHHQUXXYHLOOD ² NXYD 
$VHWDLOPDYLUUDQRKMDLQSLGLNNHHVHHQMD NLLQQLWlUXXYHLOOD ²
NXYD ² 
.LLQQLWlOHWNXNDKGHOODSXWNLNLULVWLPHOOlLOPDQYLUUDQRKMDLPHHQMD
DVHQQXVNDXOXNVHHQ ² NXYD 
/HWNXQWXOHHROODNLUHlOOlO\KHQQlWDUYLWWDHVVD
$VHQQDKRUPLVXRMXVNDWVR Å/LHVLWXXOHWWLPHQDVHQQXVRKMH´
6LVHPPlQKRUPLVXRMXNVHQLOPDQYDLKWRDXNRW\O|V
$NWLLYLKLLOLVXRGDWLQKXRQHLOPDDQSDODXWWDYDD
WRLPLQWDDYDUWHQ
$NWLLYLKLLOLVXRGDWLQVLWRRKDMXDLQHHWMD NRVWHXGHQNXQWRLPLQWD
RQ KXRQHLOPDDQSDODXWWDYD9DLKGDQRUPDDOLNl\W|VVlSlLYLWWlLQ
ï WXQWLDDNWLLYLKLLOLVXRGDWLQNDNVLNHUWDDYXRGHVVD
+XRPDXWXV $NWLLYLKLLOLVXRGDWWLPLVVD HL ROH \PSlULVW|OOH YDDUDOOLVLD
DLQHLWD9RLWKlYLWWllQH PXLGHQWDORXVMlWWHLGHQPXNDQD
$NWLLYLKLLOLVXRGDWWLPHQNLLQQLW\V
 ,UURWDUDVYDVXRGDWWLPHWNDWVR ª/LHVLWXXOHWWLPHQNl\WW|RKMH©
 $VHWDDNWLLYLKLLOLVXRGDWLQSDLNDOOHHQNllQQl\O|VMD OXNLWVH
NLLQQLNH ² NXYD 
 .LLQQLWlUDVYDVXRGDWWLPHWNDWVR ª/LHVLWXXOHWWLPHQNl\WW|RKMH©
da
×
0RQWHULQJVYHMOHGQLQJ
9LJWLJW
/VGHQQHYHMOHGQLQJRPK\JJHOLJWLJHQQHPRJRSEHYDUGHQ
6LNNHUKHGHQ YHG EUXJHQ DI GHWWH DSSDUDW NDQ NXQ JDUDQWHUHV KYLV
PRQWHULQJHQIRUHWDJHVIDJOLJWNRUUHNWLKHQKROGWLODQYLVQLQJHUQHL
GHQQHPRQWHULQJVYHMOHGQLQJ,QVWDOODW¡UHQKDUDQVYDUHWIRUDW
DSSDUDWHWIXQJHUHUIHMOIULWSnRSVWLOOLQJVVWHGHW
$SSDUDWHWPnXGHOXNNHQGHWLOVOXWWHVDIHQDXWRULVHUHWIDJPDQG
,QGHQGHUJHQQHPI¡UHVQRJHWDUEHMGHVNDOVWU¡PIRUV\QLQJHQ
DIEU\GHV
: )DUHIRUNYVWHOVHU
8QGHULQVWDOODWLRQHQSJDVNDUSHNDQWHU8QGHUDSSDUDWHWV
LQVWDOODWLRQVNDOPDQDOWLGKDYHEHVN\WWHOVHVKDQGVNHUSn
&LUNXODWLRQVI¡ULQJPRQWHUHV
'HPRQWHUDIWUNVEHNOGQLQJHQVHÅ(PKWWHQV
PRQWHULQJVYHMOHGQLQJ´
6NUXE¡MOHQIDVWWLO FLUNXODWLRQVI¡ULQJHQ ² )LJ 
6WFLUNXODWLRQVI¡ULQJHQLQGL KROGHUHQRJ VNUXGHQIDVW ²
)LJ ² 
)DVWJ¡UVODQJHQWLOFLUNXODWLRQVI¡ULQJRJ OXIWVWXGVPHGGH WR
U¡UVSQGHEnQG ² )LJ 
6ODQJHQVNDOYUHVWUDPDINRUWGHQ HIWHUEHKRY
0RQWHUDIWUNVEHNOGQLQJHQVHÅ(PKWWHQV
PRQWHULQJVYHMOHGQLQJ´
6OLGVHUQHSn GHQ LQGYHQGLJHDIWUNVEHNOGQLQJYHQGHURSDG
Loading ...
Loading ...
Loading ...