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1
2 General Information
TPMS System Review
A tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) is an electronic system designed
to monitor the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on various types of
vehicles. TPMS report real-time tire-pressure information to the driver of the
vehicle, either via a gauge, a pictogram display, or a simple low-pressure
warning light. TPMS can be divided into two different types — direct (dTPMS)
and indirect (iTPMS). TPMS are provided both at an OEM (factory) level as
well as an aftermarket solution.
TPMS Legislation
In the United States, the United States Department of Transportation (NHTSA)
released the FMVSS No. 138, which requires an installation of a Tire
Pressure Monitoring System to all new passenger cars, multipurpose
passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses that have a gross vehicle weight rating
(GVWR) of 4,536 kg (10,000 lbs.) or less, except those vehicles with dual
wheels on an axle, as of 2007. In the European Union, starting November 1,
2012, all new models of passenger cars must be equipped with a TPMS, with
even tighter specifications that will be defined by the UNECE Vehicle
Regulations (Regulation No. 64). From November 1, 2014, all new passenger
cars sold in the European Union must be equipped with TPMS. On July 13,
2010, the South Korean Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs
announced a pending partial-revision to the Korea Motor Vehicle Safety
Standards (KMVSS), specifying that “TPMS shall be installed to passenger
vehicles and vehicles of GVW 3.5 tons or less, ... [effective] on January 1,
2013 for new models and on June 30, 2014 for existing models”. Japan is
expected to adopt European Union legislation approximately one year after
European Union implementation. Further countries to make TPMS
mandatory include Russia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Israel, Malaysia and
Turkey.
TPMS Tell-tale Light
When diagnosing TPMS systems, you should understand what the TPMS
tell-tale light means.
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