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ɩɪɨɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɟɫɥɢɨɧɢɨɫɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɵɨɛɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ

ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɹɯ

ɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɬɹɦɢɝɪɚɬɶɫɛɵɬɨɜɵɦɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ

ɑɢɫɬɤɚɢɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɞɨɥɠɧɵɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹɞɟɬɶɦɢɛɟɡɧɚɞɡɨɪɚɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ

 ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɬɫɹɞɨɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɋɨɛɥɸɞɚɣɬɟɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɧɟɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶɞɨ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯɜɧɭɬɪɢɩɟɱɢ

 ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ

ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶɤɧɟɦɭɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɦɞɟɬɹɦ

ɇɟɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɨɣɞɜɟɪɰɵɩɟɱɢɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɦɢɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢɢɨɫɬɪɵɦɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɫɤɪɟɛɤɚɦɢ

ɬɚɤɤɚɤɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɰɚɪɚɩɚɬɶɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɱɬɨɜɫɜɨɸɨɱɟɪɟɞɶɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɪɚɫɬɪɟɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɸɫɬɟɤɥɚ

ɉɟɪɟɞɫɧɹɬɢɟɦɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɟɱɶɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɉɨɫɥɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɨɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɧɚ

ɦɟɫɬɨɤɚɤɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨɜɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɬɨɥɶɤɨɬɚɤɨɣɞɚɬɱɢɤɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɞɥɹɷɬɨɣɩɟɱɢ

ɇɟɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶɞɥɹɱɢɫɬɤɢɩɚɪɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ

 ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɑɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɦɟɧɨɣ ɥɚɦɩɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɱɬɨ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧ

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɪɚɡɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɜ

ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢɢɧɨɪɦɚɦɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ

ɜɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɭɤɚɡɚɧɬɢɩɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɲɧɭɪɚɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɞɨɥɠɧɚɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɡɚɞɧɟɣɫɬɟɧɤɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ

ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɲɧɭɪɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɨɧɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɲɧɭɪɨɦɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɦɨɠɧɨɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢɭ

ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɢɥɢɭɚɝɟɧɬɚɩɨɬɟɯɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ

ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ ɑɬɨɛɵɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦ ɫɛɪɨɫɨɦɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɣɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɧɟɞɨɥɠɟɧɡɚɩɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɟɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɬɚɣɦɟɪɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɨɟɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ

ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪ

ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿɉɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɝɪɢɥɹɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɟɞɟɬɚɥɢɦɨɝɭɬɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɫɹɞɨɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɇɟɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟɞɟɬɹɦ

ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶɤɩɟɱɢ

ɩɟɪɟɞɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɱɢɫɬɤɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɩɪɨɥɢɜɲɭɸɫɹɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ

 ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɇɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟ

ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶɤɩɟɱɢɞɟɬɹɦ

ɉɊȺȼɂɅȺɌȿɏɇɂɄɂȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ

ɈȻɓɂȿɆȿɊɕɉɊȿȾɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɈɋɌɂ

ɑɬɨɛɵɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɯɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜɩɪɢɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɪɨɱɬɢɬɟɷɬɨɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ

Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɞɚɧɧɨɟɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɩɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟɢɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɢɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹɤɧɟɦɭɩɨɦɟɪɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢȼɫɥɭɱɚɟ

ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɡɚɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣɰɟɧɬɪɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɟɫɟɪɢɣɧɨɣɧɨɦɟɪɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣɜɟɟɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ

ɉɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɜɵɪɚɫɩɚɤɭɟɬɟɞɭɯɨɜɤɭɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɱɬɨɧɚɧɟɣɧɟɬɧɢɤɚɤɢɯɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɣɧɟɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ

ɞɭɯɨɜɤɨɣɚɫɜɹɠɢɬɟɫɶɫɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦɩɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ

ɏɪɚɧɢɬɟɭɩɚɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɟɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɵɟɦɟɲɤɢɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɢɢɡɩɨɥɢɫɬɢɪɨɥɚɝɜɨɡɞɢɜɧɟɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣɦɟɫɬɟɬɚɤɤɚɤɷɬɢ

ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢɞɥɹɞɟɬɟɣ

ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɧɟɫɟɬɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ

ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɢɭɛɵɬɤɢ

ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿɎɭɧɤɰɢɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɢɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɨɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬɫɹɜɞɚɧɧɨɦɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɦɨɝɭɬɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹɜ

ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɦɨɞɟɥɢɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ

58

Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɫ

ɩɢɳɟɣ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ

ȿȿɋ

Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɚɹɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɭɧɚɷɬɨɣɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢɦɵɡɚɹɜɥɹɟɦɩɨɞ

ɧɚɲɭɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɜɫɟɦȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦɧɨɪɦɚɦ

ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɨɯɪɚɧɵɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ

ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɜɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟɞɥɹɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɜɢɞɚɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ

ȾȿɄɅȺɊȺɐɂəɋɈɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼɂə

ɆȿɊɕɉɊȿȾɈɋɌɈɊɈɀɇɈɋɌɂ

Ⱦɭɯɨɜɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɟɟ ɩɪɹɦɨɦɭ

ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸɬɨɟɫɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɅɸɛɵɟ

ɞɪɭɝɢɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɟɟɞɥɹ

ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ

ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦɢ

ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɤɚɤɢɟɥɢɛɨ

ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ

ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɢɥɢɧɟɛɪɟɠɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦɫɧɟɣ

ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ

ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɬɟɯɧɢɤɢɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ

 ɉɪɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɢɥɤɢ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɫɥɭɞɭɟɬɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɹɡɚɜɢɥɤɭɚɧɟɡɚɫɚɦɤɚɛɟɥɶ

ɇɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɞɭɯɨɜɤɟɦɨɤɪɵɦɢɢɥɢɜɥɚɠɧɵɦɢɪɭɤɚɦɢ

ɢɥɢɧɨɝɚɦɢ

ɇɟɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶɞɭɯɨɜɤɨɣɟɫɥɢɧɚɜɚɲɢɯɧɨɝɚɯɧɟɬɨɛɭɜɢ

ɇɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɪɨɣɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɢɥɢ

ɭɞɥɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢɲɧɭɪɚɦɢ

ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɟɟɩɚɞɟɧɢɹɢɥɢ

ɩɨɞɪɭɝɨɣɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɞɭɯɨɜɤɭɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶ

ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɢɧɟɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɣɬɟɫɶɞɨɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ

ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ

ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶɞɨɥɠɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ

Ɉɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ ɬɢɩɚ

+55) +99) ɢɥɢ +99) Ʉɚɛɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɦɟɬɶ

ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ

ɬɨɤɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɵɣɞɭɯɨɜɤɨɣ

Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ

ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ

ɉɪɨɜɨɞɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹɠɟɥɬɨɡɟɥɟɧɵɣɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɧɚɦɦ

ɞɥɢɧɧɟɟɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜɤɚɛɟɥɹ

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɭɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ

ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɬɟɦ

ɱɬɨɛɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɢɪɦɟɧɧɵɟɡɚɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ

ɉɪɢ ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ

ɩɪɨɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ

ɇɟɢɡɦɟɧɹɣɬɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɩɭɬɟɦɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɜɟɟ

ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸɤɚɤɢɯɥɢɛɨɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ

ɇɟ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɜ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɟ ɝɨɪɸɱɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ

ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɦɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɜɨɫɩɥɚɦɟɧɢɬɶɫɹ

ɇɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɣɬɟ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɫɚɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɢɥɢ

ɩɨɜɢɫɚɬɶɧɟɧɟɣ

ɉɪɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɜ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɭ ɩɢɳɢ ɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɡ ɧɟɟ ɩɢɳɢ

ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦɢɩɟɪɱɚɬɤɚɦɢ

Ʉɨɞɨɜɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ

ɋɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ

ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȺ

Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ

ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚȿɫɥɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɦɨɳɶɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɞɥɹ

ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ

ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣɬɨɡɚɷɬɭɪɚɛɨɬɭɛɭɞɟɬɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɫɱɟɬɬɚɤɤɚɤɷɬɚ

ɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɟɜɯɨɞɢɬɜɫɮɟɪɭɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ

ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ

ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɩɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ

ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɧɟɫɬɢ ɜɪɟɞ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɸ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ

ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɪɱɟ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ

ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɬɚɤɢɟɩɨɬɟɪɢ

Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ

ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ

ɧɟɧɢɠɟɋ

Ⱦɭɯɨɜɤɚɦɨɠɟɬɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɜɟɪɯɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɫɬɨɣɤɢɢɥɢɩɨɞ

ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ

ɉɟɪɟɞɬɟɦɤɚɤɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɶɞɭɯɨɜɤɭɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɱɬɨɜɨɬɫɟɤɟɝɞɟ

ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ

ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɷɬɨɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɥɹɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɢ

ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ ɋɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ

ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ

ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɢɩɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ

ɊȿɄɈɆȿɇȾȺɐɂɂ

 ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɣɬɟ ɟɟ

ɱɢɫɬɤɭ

 ɇɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ

ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɣ ɮɨɥɶɝɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɪɚɡɨɜɵɦɢ

ɭɩɚɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ

ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɯȺɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɚɹɮɨɥɶɝɚɢɥɢɞɪɭɝɨɣ

ɭɩɚɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɫ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɣ

ɷɦɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɦɨɠɟɬɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɢɬɶɫɹɢ

ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɷɦɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ

ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ

 ȼɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɢ

ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɵɦɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɜ ɧɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɭɯɨɜɤɭɫɨɱɟɧɶɜɵɫɨɤɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣɅɭɱɲɟ

ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ

ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ

ɉɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɚɹɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɚ

ȼɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɤ

ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɦɜ

ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɟ

ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ

ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ

ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɭɸ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɟ

ɮɨɪɦɨɱɤɢɞɥɹɜɵɩɟɱɤɢ

ɉɈȾɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿɄɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɋȿɌɂ

ɉɈȾɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿɄɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɋȿɌɂȾɈɅɀɇɈ

ȼɕɉɈɅɇəɌɖɋə ɋɈɌɊɍȾɇɂɄɈɆ ɍɌȼȿɊɀȾȿɇɇɈȽɈ

ɋȿɊȼɂɋɇɈȽɈɐȿɇɌɊȺɂɅɂɋɉȿɐɂȺɅɂɋɌɈɆɂɆȿɘɓɂɆ

ɋɈɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼɍɘɓɍɘɄȼȺɅɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɘ

ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ

ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ

ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢɢɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ

ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ

ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟɢɡɡɚɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɧɟɛɵɥɚ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ

Ⱦɭɯɨɜɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɨɞɥɤɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɟ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɧɨɣ

ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɦ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɨɞɥɤɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ

ɦɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɸɫɧɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɜ

ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢɢɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ

ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɝɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ

ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ

ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ

ɉɈȾɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿ

Ⱦɭɯɨɜɤɚ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɚ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢȼɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɨɤɚɦɟɠɞɭɞɜɭɦɹɮɚɡɚɦɢ

ɢɥɢɦɟɠɞɭɮɚɡɨɣɢɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɸ

ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ

ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ

 ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ

  ɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ

ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ

ɉɪɨɜɨɞ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɬɨɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ

ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɣɤɤɥɟɦɦɟɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶ

ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɤɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ

ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ

ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɨɛɪɵɜɚ

ɜɰɟɩɢɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ

ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɧɟɫɟɬɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɡɚɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɢ

ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟ ɢɡɡɚ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɚ ɧɟ

ɛɵɥɚɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɚɢɥɢɢɡɡɚɧɚɥɢɱɢɹɨɛɪɵɜɚɜɰɟɩɢɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ

ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ

ȼȺɀɇɈȿ ɁȺɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ ɇɟ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ

ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ

ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɚ ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɚ

ɞɨɥɠɧɚɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹɜɬɚɤɨɦɦɟɫɬɟɱɬɨɛɵɩɨɫɥɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ

ɦɟɫɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɟɟɫɧɨɜɚɦɨɠɧɨɛɵɥɨɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɤ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɟ

Ʉɚɛɟɥɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ

ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɭɸɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ

58









ɫɟɬɤɚ

ɤɨɫɚ

ɤɪɸɱɤɢɢɜɢɧɬɵ

ɪɭɱɤɚ

ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂə352(;35

ɉɊɂɇȺȾɅȿɀɇɈɋɌɂȾɍɏɈȼɄɂ

ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɜɵɦɨɣɬɟ ɟɟ

ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢɝɭɛɤɨɣɋɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɜɨɞɨɣɢɜɵɫɭɲɢɬɟɇɚ

ɩɨɥɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɨɱɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɟɱɤɢ ɢ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɭɸ

ɩɨɫɭɞɭ

Ⱦɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɫɨɤɨɜɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹɩɪɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɩɢɳɢɧɚ

ɝɪɢɥɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɞɞɨɧ

ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɩɨɞɞɨɧɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɹ

ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɪɚ

ɦɨɝɭɬɛɵɫɬɪɨɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹɩɨɨɛɴɟɦɭɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ

ɱɬɨɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨɞɵɦɚ

ȼɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɜɯɨɞɢɬɤɚɦɟɧɶɞɥɹ

ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɯɪɭɫɬɹɳɟɣɩɢɰɰɵɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɤɚɞɥɹɧɟɝɨ

ɢɪɨɥɢɤɞɥɹɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɧɢɹɩɢɰɰɵ

ɉɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɟɱɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ

ɩɨɥɤɭ Ɉɧ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɥɤɨɣ

ɜɵɩɟɱɤɢɬɚɤɨɣɤɚɤɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɷɤɥɟɪɵɩɟɱɟɧɶɟɛɟɡɟɢɬ

ɩɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɶɞɥɹɜɵɩɟɱɤɢɩɪɹɦɨɧɚ

ɞɧɨɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ

ȼȿɊɌȿɅ

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɟɥɟ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ

ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɜɟɪɰɚ

ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɡɚɤɪɵɬɚ

ɉɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɧɚ  ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ

ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ

ɄȺɄɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɌɖȼȿɊɌȿɅ

Ɉɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟɤɪɸɱɤɢ

ɇɚɫɚɞɢɬɟɦɹɫɨɧɚɜɟɪɬɟɥ

Ɂɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɣɬɟɦɹɫɨɧɚɜɟɪɬɟɥɟ

ɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɤɪɸɤɨɜ

Ɂɚɬɹɧɢɬɟɤɪɸɱɤɢ

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɜɟɪɬɟɥɜ

ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟɤɪɭɬɹɳɢɟɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɹ

Ɉɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɪɭɱɤɭ

ȼ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɣ ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɢ ɧɚɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ȼ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ

ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɨɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɨɜɞɥɹɦɨɞɟɥɟɣɛɟɡɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ

ɩɢɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɥɢɦɨɳɧɵɯɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɨɜɞɥɹ

ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɩɢɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɗɬɨ

ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ  ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ

ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟɛɟɥɵɦɫɜɟɬɨɦɛɟɡɬɟɧɟɣɨɬɩɨɥɨɤ

ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ

Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ

ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ

ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɱɟɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɚ

ɧɚɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɝɨɪɚɡɞɨɦɟɧɶɲɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ

Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ

Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɣɫɪɨɤɫɥɭɠɛɵ

Ɉɱɟɧɶɧɢɡɤɨɟɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢɧɚɦɟɧɶɲɟ

ɱɟɦɨɛɵɱɧɚɹɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɚɧɚɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ

 ± ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɬɹɧɭɜ ɢɯ ɜ

ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɬɪɟɥɤɚɦɢɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ

±ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɢɬɟɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɩɨɦɵɜ

ɢɯɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟɢɥɢɨɱɢɫɬɢɜɩɪɢɩɨɦɨɳɢɜɥɚɠɧɨɣ

ɝɭɛɤɢ ɉɪɨɫɭɲɢɬɟ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ

ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ

±ɉɨɫɥɟɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɜ

ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ

ȾȿɆɈɇɌȺɀɂɈɑɂɋɌɄȺɆȿɌȺɅɅɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ

ɇȺɉɊȺȼɅəɘɓɂɏ

58

86((

ˈ

ϮϯϬʦʹϮϱʦʹʫϭϰϯϬϬΣˁ

ˋ

ͻʦ

ͻʦ

ͻʦ;

Ϳ

ͻʿ     



ɑɂɋɌɄȺɋɌȿɄɅəɇɇɈɃȾȼȿɊɐɕȾɍɏɈȼɈȽɈɒɄȺɎȺ

Ⱦɜɟɪɰɚɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨɲɤɚɮɚɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɫɧɹɬɚɢɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɧɚɞɥɹ

ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɟɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ

ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ

ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦ

)LJXUH

)LJXUH

)LJXUH

)LJXUH

Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ

ɲɤɚɮɚɊɢɫɭɧɨɤ)LJXUH

ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɜɟɪɯɧɸɸɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ

ɤɪɵɲɤɭɩɨɬɹɧɭɜɟɟɜɜɟɪɯ

ɤɚɤɭɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ)LJXUH

ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ

ɩɨɬɹɧɭɜɟɝɨɢɡɪɚɦɤɢɞɜɟɪɰɵɤɚɤ

ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ)LJXUH

ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɜɢɧɬɵɤɚɤɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ

ɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ)LJXUH

ɉɟɬɥɢ ɞɜɟɪɰɵɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɤɚɮɚ

ɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ Ɋɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɣɬɟ

ɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 

)LJXUH ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɫɧɹɬɶ

ɞɜɟɪɰɭ

)LJXUH

)LJXUH

ɉɨɫɥɟɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ

ɞɜɟɪɰɵɫɨɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɟɟ

ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ

ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ

Ⱦɥɹɞɭɯɨɜɵɯɲɤɚɮɨɜɫ

ɩɢɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɱɢɫɬɤɨɣ

ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚɫɧɢɦɢɬɟɬɚɤɠɟ

ɜɬɨɪɨɟɢɬɪɟɬɶɟɫɬɟɤɥɚɤɚɤ

ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ)LJXUH

)LJXUH

ɇȺȼɋȿɏɋɌȿɄɅȺɏɡɧɚɤ/2:

(ɞɨɥɠɟɧɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹɢ

ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ

ɥɟɜɨɦ ɭɝɥɭ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ

ɥɟɜɨɣɩɟɬɥɟɣɌɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ

ɧɚɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɧɚ

ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɬɟɤɥɟ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ

ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɞɜɟɪɰɵ







ɑɂɋɌɄȺȾɍɏɈȼɄɂ

ɉɟɪɟɞɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɪɭɱɧɨɣɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɚɣɬɟɞɭɯɨɜɤɟɨɫɬɵɧɭɬɶ

ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɦɢ

ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɨɱɚɥɤɚɦɢ ɢ

ɨɫɬɪɵɦɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢɗɬɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤ

ɧɟɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɷɦɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ

ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɵɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɛɟɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ

ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɚɦɦɢɚɤɚ

ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ  ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ

ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɣɮɨɥɶɝɨɣ

ɋɌȿɄɅəɇɇɕȿȾȿɌȺɅɂ

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ

ɨɱɢɳɚɬɶ ɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɭɸ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ

ɜɩɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɞɜɟɪɰɵɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɜɵɦɨɠɟɬɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɟɟ

ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɭɸɜɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɞɟɬɟɪɝɟɧɬɚɢɯɨɪɨɲɨɨɬɠɚɬɭɸ

ɝɭɛɤɭ

ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ

ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɫɬɪɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ

ɩɨɰɚɪɚɩɚɬɶɫɬɟɤɥɨ ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤ ɟɝɨ

ɪɚɫɬɪɟɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɸ

ɍɉɅɈɌɇɂɌȿɅɖɇȺəɉɊɈɄɅȺȾɄȺȾȼȿɊɐɕȾɍɏɈȼɄɂ

ȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɚɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɥɚɫɶɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɟɟɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɥɟɝɤɚ

ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣɝɭɛɤɢ

ɉɊɂɇȺȾɅȿɀɇɈɋɌɂ

Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɭɛɤɢ ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ

ɦɵɥɶɧɨɣɜɨɞɟɋɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɢɯɱɢɫɬɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɢɜɵɫɭɲɢɬɟɇɟ

ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɦɢɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ

ɉɈȾȾɈɇ

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɢɥɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ ɢɡ

ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ ɫɥɟɣɬɟ ɬɟɩɥɵɣ ɠɢɪ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪ

ȼɵɦɨɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ ɝɭɛɤɨɣ ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ

ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɦɨɸɳɟɣɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ

ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɟɜɲɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɠɢɪɚ

ɡɚɦɨɱɢɬɟɩɨɞɞɨɧɜɜɨɞɟɫɦɨɸɳɢɦɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ

ɉɨɞɞɨɧɬɚɤɠɟɦɨɠɧɨɜɵɦɵɬɶɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟɢɥɢ

ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɬɹɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɞɥɹ

ɞɭɯɨɜɨɤ

ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɞɭɯɨɜɤɭɝɪɹɡɧɵɣɩɨɞɞɨɧ

ɈɋȼȿɓȿɇɂȿȼȾɍɏɈȼɄȿ

ɉɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɢ

ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɞɭɯɨɜɤɭɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ

Ʌɚɦɩɨɱɤɚ ɢ ɟɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɩɚɱɨɤ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɢɡ

ɠɚɪɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ

58

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ȾɍɏɈȼɄɂ

ɑɂɋɌɄȺɉȿɊȿȾɉȿɊȼɕɆɂɋɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɇɂȿɆ

ɉɪɟɞɩɟɪɜɵɦɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɟɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ

ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ

 ɉɪɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɦɹɝɤɨɣ ɜɥɚɠɧɨɣ

ɬɪɹɩɤɨɣ

 ȼɵɦɨɣɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ

ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɬɪɹɩɤɨɣ ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ

ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɠɢɞɤɨɝɨɦɨɸɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ

 Ⱦɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɭɫɬɨɣ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɟ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ

ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɨɞɧɨɝɨɱɚɫɚɗɬɨɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɥɹɬɨɝɨ

ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɡɚɩɚɯɢ ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ

ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɜɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɞɭɯɨɜɤɚɞɨɥɠɧɨ

ɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɪɨɜɟɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ

ȼȿɓɂɈɄɈɌɈɊɕɏɇȿɋɅȿȾɍȿɌɁȺȻɕȼȺɌɖ

ɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɣɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ

ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ

ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹɤɧɨɩɤɢ

ȼɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ

ɗɬɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɜɨɞɚ

ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣɤɨɦɚɧɞɵɑɬɨɛɵɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɞɭɯɨɜɤɭ«ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ

ɪɭɱɤɭɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɋɌɈɉ

Ɂɚɦɨɤɨɬɞɟɬɟɣ

ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ

ɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɡɚɦɤɚɨɬɞɟɬɟɣɋɦɪɚɡɞɟɥ

ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ±Ɂɚɦɨɤɨɬɞɟɬɟɣ

Ɉɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɣɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ

Ɂɚɳɢɳɚɟɬ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɬ

ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ Ɉɧ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ

ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ

Ɉɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟɜɞɭɯɨɜɤɟ

ɑɬɨɛɵɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟɜɞɭɯɨɜɤɟɧɭɠɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɪɭɱɤɭ

ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ

ȿɫɥɢɞɭɯɨɜɤɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɚɛɭɞɟɬɝɨɪɟɬɶɩɪɢɜɵɛɨɪɟɥɸɛɨɣ

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɢɛɭɞɟɬɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶɝɨɪɟɬɶɩɨɫɥɟɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹɞɜɟɪɰɵ

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ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚɜɪɟɦɹɤɧɨɩɤɚɦɢ

ɌȺɃɆȿɊɋɋȿɇɋɈɊɇɕɆɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂȿɆ

Ⱦɭɯɨɜɤɚɛɭɞɟɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɨɫɥɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɱɚɫɨɜ



ɑɬɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ

Ⱦɥɹɱɟɝɨ

Ɂɚɳɢɬɚɨɬ

ɞɟɬɟɣ

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ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢɢɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ

ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ6HWɧɟ

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ɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɵɢɧɚ

ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟɦɢɝɚɟɬ6723ɢ

ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹ

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ɡɚɦɨɤªɫɧɨɜɚɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɢ

ɭɞɟɪɠɢɬɟɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ6HW

ɧɟɦɟɧɟɟɫɟɤɭɧɞ

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ɜɧɨɜɶɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ

ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ

ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ

ɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɚɡɚ

Ʉɨɝɞɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ

ɢɫɬɟɱɟɬɪɚɡɞɚɫɬɫɹɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ

ɫɢɝɧɚɥɉɨɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢɫɢɝɧɚɥ

ɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɬɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ

ɨɧɬɚɤɠɟɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ

ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦɤɧɨɩɤɢ6HOHFW

ȼɯɨɞɟɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɧɚɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ

ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɟɫɹɜɪɟɦɹ

ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸɤɧɨɩɤɭ

ɪɚɡɚ







Ⱦɥɹɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ

ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɥɸɛɭɸ

ɤɧɨɩɤɭɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ

ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸɤɧɨɩɤɭ

ɱɬɨɛɵɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹɤ

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɱɚɫɨɜ

ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ

ɤɧɨɩɤɭɪɚɡɚ















(Fɥɢ  ɜɶÕɛSDɧD ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ (1'

ɉ3(Ⱦɍɉ3(ɀ(Ⱦ(+ɂ(

ɛɟɡ\FɬDɧɨɜɤɢ ɢSRɞɠɢɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥHɧɢɹɞɭ[ɨɜɤɚɧɚɱɧHɬ

SDɛRɬDɬɶFSDɡ\ɢɨɫɬDɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɜ

ɤɨɧɰH SDɧHH \FɬDɧRɜɥHɧɧRɝɨ

ɜSHɦHɧɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥHɧɢɹ

ɈɤɨɧɱDɧɢH

ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥHɧɢɹ

ɜSHɦɹ

ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥHɧɢɹ

58



VHOHFW

ɄȺɄɉɈɅɖɁɈȼȺɌɖɋəȾɍɏɈȼɄɈɃ

ɊȿɀɂɆɕɉɊɂȽɈɌɈȼɅȿɇɂəɉɂɓɂ



ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɩɢɳɢɜɫɟɝɞɚɞɨɥɠɧɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨɫ

ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɣɞɜɟɪɰɟɣɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ



 ɇȺȽɊȿȼɋɇɂɁɍȼȿɇɌɂɅəɌɈɊɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ

ɧɢɠɧɢɣ

ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɗɬɨɬɦɟɬɨɞɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨ

ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯɩɢɪɨɝɨɜɫɮɪɭɤɬɨɜɨɣ

ɧɚɱɢɧɤɨɣɩɢɪɨ

ɠɤɨɜɫ

ɬɤɪɵɬɨɣɮɪɭɤɬɨɜ

ɨɣɧɚɱɢɧɤɨɣ

ɢɩɢɪɨɠɧɵɯ

ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɜɵɩɟɱɤ

ɚɧɟɩɟɪɟɫɭɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɨɛɟɫɩɟ

ɱɢɜ

ɚɟ

ɬɫɹɩɨɞɴɟɦ

ɬɟɫɬɚɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ

ɩɨɥɤɭ

ɜ

ɧɢɠɧɟɟ

ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ

 ɇȺȽɊȿȼ

ɋɇɂɁɍɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟ

ɬɫɹɧɢɠɧɢɣɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟ

ɥɶɧɵɣ

ɥɟɦɟɧɬ

ɗɬɨɬɦɟɬɨɞɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ

ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬ

ɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɥɸɛɵɯ ɦɭɱɧɵɯ

ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ

ɟɝɨɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨ

ɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯɩɢɪɨɝ

ɨɜɫɮɪɭɤɬ

ɨɜɨɣɢɥɢɹɝɨɞɧɨɣɧɚɱɢɧɤ

ɨɣɩɢɪɨɝɨɜ

ɫ

ɡɚɜɚɪɧɵɦɤɪɟɦɨɦɢɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ

ɧɚɱɢɧɤɨɣɩɢɪɨ

ɠɤɨɜɫɨɬɤɪɵɬ

ɨɣ

ɮɪɭɤɬɨɜɨɣɧɚɱɢɧɤɨɣ

ɩɢɪɨɠɤ

ɨɜɫɦɹɫ

ɨɦ

ɢɥɢ

ɪɵɛɨɣɢɞɪɭɝɨɣɩɢɳɢ

ɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜ

ɥɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɬɪɟ

ɛɭɟɬɫɹɛɨɥɟɟɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣɧɚɝɪɟɜ

ɫɧɢɡ

ɭ



ɇȺȽɊȿȼɋɇɂɁɍ ɇȺȽɊȿȼ ɋȼȿɊɏɍ  ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ

ɬɫɹ

ɜɟ

ɪɯɧɢɣɢ

ɧɢɠɧɢɣ

ɧɚɝ

ɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ

ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ

ɗɬɨɬ

ɦɟɬɨɞ

ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ

ɞɥɹɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɡɚɠɚɪɢɜ

ɚɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɢɞɥɹ

ɜɵ

ɩɟɱɤɢ

Ɉɧɢɫ

ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ

ɩɪɢɩɪɢ

ɝɨ

ɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɱɟɪ

ɧɨɝ

ɨɦɹ

ɫɚ

ɝɨɜɹɞɢɧɵɧɨɝɢɹɝɧɟɧɤɚɞɢɱɢɯɥɟɛɚɢɥɢɩɪɨ

ɞɭɤɬɨɜɡɚɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɯɜ

ɮɨɥɶɝɭ

 ɇȺȽɊȿȼ

ɋɇɂɁɍɇȺȽɊȿȼɋȼȿɊɏɍȼȿɇɌɂɅəɌ

ɈɊ

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ

ɫɹɜɟɪɯɧɢɣɢɧɢɠɧɢɣɧɚɝɪɟɜ

ɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɚ

ɬɚɤɠɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬ

ɨɪɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɤɨ

ɬɨɪɨɝɨɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ

ɫɹ

ɰɢɪɤɭɥ

ɹɰɢɹɝ

ɨɪɹɱɟɝ

ɨɜɨɡɞ

ɭɯɚɜɞ

ɭɯɨɜɤɟɗ

ɬɨɬɦ

ɟɬɨ

ɞ

ɟɤɨɦɟɧɞ

ɭɟɬ

ɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶ

ɡɨɜɚɬɶ

ɞɥɹɩɪɢ

ɝɨɬɨɜɥ

ɟɧɢɹ

ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣ

ɩɬɢɰɵɜɵɩɟɱɤɢɪɵɛɵɢɨɜɨɳ

ɟɣɉɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜ

ɚɧɢɢɷɬɨɝ

ɨ

ɦɟɬ

ɨɞɚ

ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ

ɫɹɥɭɱɲɟɟɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɬ

ɟɩɥɚɜɧɭɬɪɶɩɢɳɢɢ

ɚɤɠɟɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝ

ɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɩɢɳɢɢɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɪɚ

ɝɪɟ

ɜɚɆɟɬɨɞɩɪ

ɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɩɢɳ

ɫɢɫ

ɩɨɥɶɡ

ɨɜɚɧɢ

ɟɦ

ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚɩɨɡɜ

ɥɹɟɬɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝ

ɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɪɚ

ɡɥɢɱɧɵɟɜɢɞɵ

ɩɢɳɢɧɚɪɚɡɧɵɯ

ɩɨɥɤɚɯɞɭɯ

ɨɜɤɢ

ɉɪɢ

ɷɬɨɦɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɛɨ

ɥɟɟ

ɪɚɜɧɨ

ɦɟɪɧɨɟɪɚɫɩɪ

ɟɞɟ

ɥɟɧɢɟɬɟ

ɩɥɚɢ

ɩɪɟɞ

ɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟ

ɬɫɹ

ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɨɞɧɢɦɜɢɞɨɦ

ɩɢɳɢ

ɡɚɩɚɯ

ɚɞɪɭɝɨɝɨɜɢɞɚ

ɩɢɳɢɉɪɢ

ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ

ɧɨɦ

ɩɪɢ

ɝɨɬɨɜɥɟ

ɧɢɢ

ɪɚɡɧɵ

ɯɜɢɞ

ɨɜ

ɩɢ

ɢɫɥɟɞɭɟ

ɬ

ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɩɢɳɢɧɚɦɢɧɭɬ

Ʉ

ɊɍȽɅɕ

ɇȺȽ

ɊȿȼȺ

ɌȿɅɖɇɕ

ɃɗɅȿɆȿɇɌ



ȼȿɇɌɂɅəɌɈɊɂɫɩɨ

ɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹɜɟɪɯɧɢɣɢɧɢɠɧɢɣ

ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ

ɥɟɦɟɧɬɵɚɬɚɤɠɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ

ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɷ

ɥɟɦɟɧɬɤɪɭɝɥɨɣ

ɮɨɪɦɵɢ

ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹɝɨɪɹɱɟɝ

ɨ ɜɨ

ɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɞɭɯ

ɨɜɤɟ ɗɬɨ

ɦɟɬɨɞɩɪɢɝɨ

ɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɫ

ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ

ȽɊ

ɂɅɖɂ

ɫɩ

ɨɥɶɡɭ

ɟɬɫ

ɹɜɟɪɯɧ

ɢɣɧɚɝɪ

ɟɜɚɬ

ɟɥɶɧɵɣ

ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɗɬɨ

ɬɦɟɬɨɞɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɩɨ

ɞɯɨɞɢɬɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝ

ɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɪɚ

ɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɛɥɸɞ

ɧɚɝɪɢɥɟɤɟ

ɛɚɛɨɜɢɝɪɚɬɢɧɨɜ

ɛɥɸɞɚɡɚɩɟɱɟɧɧɵɟ

ɩɨ

ɞɫɵɪɨɦȽɪɢɥɶɞɨɥɠɟɧɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜ

ɚɬɶɫɹ

ɞɨ

ɜɵɫɨɤ

ɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭ

ɪɵ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ  ɦɢɧɭɬ

Ʉɭɫɤɢ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ

ɦɹɫɚ

ɞɨɥɠɧɵ

ɪɚɫɩ

ɚɝɚɬ

ɶɫɹ

ɧɚɨɞɢɧ

ɚɤɨɜɨ

ɦɪɚɫ

ɫɬɨ

ɹɧɢɢ

ɨɬ

ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟ

ɥɶɧɨɝɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɝɪɢɥɹȼɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨ

ɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ

ɩɪɢ

ɷɬɨɦɭɜ

ɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ

ɫɹ

ɧɨ

ɦɹɫɨɩɨɥɭɱɚɟ

ɬɫɹɛɨ

ɥɟɟɫɨɱɧɵɦɑɟɪɧɨɟ

ɦɹɫɨɢɮɢɥɟ

ɪɵɛɵɦɨɠɧɨɤɥɚɫɬɶ

ɩɪɹɦɨɧɚɪɟɲɟɬɤ

ɭɩɨ

ɞɤɨɬ

ɨɪɭɸ

ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚ

ɠɢɞɤ

ɨɫɬɢ

 ȽɊɂɅɖ

ȼȿɇɌɂɅə

ɌɈɊ

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ

ɫɹ

ɜɟɪɯɧɢ

ɣ

ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ

ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ

ɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤ

ɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ

ɨɫɭɳ

ɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ

ɫɹɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹɝɨɪɹɱɟɝɨɜɨ

ɡɞɭɯɚɜɞɭɯɨɜɤ

ɟȾɥɹ

ɩɪɢɝ

ɨɬ

ɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɱɟɪɧɨɝɨɦɹɫɚ

ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɩɪɟɞɜ

ɚɪɢɬ

ɥɶɧɵɣ

ɪɚɡ

ɨɝɪɟɜɞ

ɭɯɨɜɤɢ

ɚɞ

ɥɹɩ

ɪɢɝɨɬ

ɨɜɥɟɧ

ɢɹɛɟ

ɥɨɝɨɦ

ɹɫɚ

ɩɪɟɞɜ

ɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɪɚɡ

ɨɝɪɟɜɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɧɟɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ

ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ

ɧɚɝɪɢɥɟɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɩɨ

ɞɯɨɞɢɬɞɥɹɡɚɠɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹɛɨɥɶɲɢɯɤɭɫɤɨɜ

ɦɹ

ɫɚ



ɢɞɨɦɚɲ

ɧɟɣ

ɩɬɢɰɵ

ɉɪɢɝ

ɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚ

ɦɚ

ɹɧɚɝɪ

ɢɥɟɩ

ɢɳɚ

ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ

ɫɹɜɰɟɧɬɪɟɫɪɟɞɧɟɣɩɨ

ɥɤɢ



Ⱦɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɫɨɤɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ

ɜɵɞɟ

ɥɹɸɬ

ɫɹɩɪɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ

ɩɢɳɢɧɚ

ɝɪɢɥɟɩɨɞ

ɩɨɥɤɭɧɭɠɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɩɨɞɞɨɧɞɥɹɫɛɨɪɚɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ

Ⱦɥɹɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ

ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯɪɟɡ

ɥɶɬ

ɚɬɨɜɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬ

ɟɡɚɬɟɦ

ɱɬ

ɨɛɵɩɪɢɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜ

ɚɟɦɚɹ

ɩɢɳɚ

ɧɟɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝ

ɚɥɚɫɶ

ɫɥɢɲɤ

ɨɦɛɥɢɡɤɨ

ɨɬ

ɧɚɝɪɟɜ

ɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɝɪɢɥɹɢɩɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɤ

ɭɫɤɢɩɢɳɢ

ɤɨɝ

ɞɚɩɪɨɣɞɟɬɜɪɟɦɹ

ɪɚɜɧɨɟɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɩɪɢɝɨ

ɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɩɢɳɢ

 ȽɊɂɅɖ

ȼȿɊɌȿɅ

ȼȿɇɌɂɅəɌɈɊɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ

ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨɦɟɬɨɞɚɩɪɢɝ

ɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɜɤ

ɨɬɨɪɨɦɢɫɩɨ

ɥɶɡɭɟɬ

ɫɹ

ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬ

ɥɶɧɵɣɷ

ɥɟɦɟɧɬɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɢ

ɜɟɪɬɟɥ

ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɨ

ɱɬ

ɨɩɢɳɚɩɪɨɠɚɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ

ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɢ

ɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɧɟ

ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ

ɯɨ

ɣɢɛɟ

ɡɜɤɭɫɧɨ

ɣȼɟɪɬɟɥɛ

ɭɞɟɬɩ

ɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶ

ɜɪɚɳɚɬ

ɶɫ

ɹ

ɩɪɢɛ

ɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɳ

ɟɩɹɬɶɦɢɧɭɬɩɨɫɥɟ

ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɗɬɨ

ɛɟɫɩ

ɟɱɢɜɚ

ɟɬ

ɩɨɥ

ɧɨɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ

ɢɟ

ɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɝɨ

ɫɹɜ

ɞɭɯɨɜɤ

ɟ

ɬɟɩɥɚɉɪɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜ

ɥɟɧɢɢɩɢɳɢɧɚɜɟɪɬɟ

ɥɟɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ

ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɧɟɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ

 ɊȺɁɆɈɊȺɀɂȼȺɇɂȿ Ʉɨɝɞɚɪɭɱɤɚɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ

ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɜɷɬɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ

ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹɬɟɩɥɨɝɨɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɜɨɤɪɭɝ

ɡɚɦɨɪɨɠɟɧɧɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɱɬɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɢɯɪɚɡɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟɜ

ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɦɢɧɭɬɛɟɡɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹɜɩɢɳɟ

ɩɪɨɬɟɢɧɨɜ

 ɉɈȾȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿɉɂɓɂȼɊȺɁɈȽɊȿɌɈɆɋɈɋɌɈəɇɂɂ±

ɗɬɨɬɪɟɠɢɦɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɞɥɹɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ

ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɩɨɥɤɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɜɬɨɪɨɣɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ

ɫɜɟɪɯɭɢɥɢɞɥɹɪɚɡɦɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɩɢɰɰɵɢɥɢɜɵɩɟɱɤɢ

ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯɧɚɩɨɥɤɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɧɚɧɢɠɧɢɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɋɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɟ

ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ

 ɉɂɐɐȺ±ȼɷɬɨɦɪɟɠɢɦɟɜɞɭɯɨɜɤɟɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ

ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɹɜɨɡɞɭɯɚɱɬɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɵɟɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ

ɩɪɢɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢɬɚɤɢɯɛɥɸɞɤɚɤɩɢɰɰɚɢɥɢɤɟɤɫ

ɋɈȼȿɌɕɉɈɉɊɂȽɈɌɈȼɅȿɇɂɘɉɂɓɂ

Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɨɥɢɬɶɦɹɫɨɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɬɚɤɤɚɤ

ɫɨɥɶ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɛɪɵɡɝɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɢɪɚ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɚ

ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɟɬɫɹɢɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹɞɵɦ

Ʉɭɫɤɢɛɟɥɨɝɨɦɹɫɚɫɜɢɧɢɧɚɬɟɥɹɬɢɧɚɹɝɧɟɧɨɤɢɪɵɛɚɦɨɝɭɬ

ɩɨɦɟɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɭɸ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɭ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɹ

ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɛɭɞɟɬɛɨɥɶɲɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɩɢɳɢɜ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɬɨɣɞɭɯɨɜɤɟɧɨ ɤɭɫɤɢɦɹɫɚ

ɛɭɞɭɬ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɩɪɨɠɚɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɪɟɦɹ

ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹɬɟɩɥɚɜɧɭɬɪɶɩɢɳɢɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɨɝɪɟɜ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨɦɹɫɚ

ɉɊɂȽɈɌɈȼɅȿɇɂȿɉɂɓɂɇȺȽɊɂɅȿ

ɉɟɪɟɞɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣɩɢɳɢɞɥɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɢɥɟ

ȼɵɧɶɬɟ ɦɹɫɨ ɢɡ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɡɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɞɨ ɟɝɨ

ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɝɪɢɥɟ ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɟɝɨɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɫɥɨɟɜ

ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɣ ɜɩɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɗɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ

ɜɥɚɝɢ ɢ ɥɭɱɲɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɜ ɦɹɫɚ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟ ɉɟɪɟɞ

ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɹɫɚ ɧɚ ɝɪɢɥɟ ɩɨɫɵɩɶɬɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɰɟɦ ɢ

ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɫɩɟɰɢɹɦɢɧɨɧɟɫɨɥɢɬɟɟɝɨɩɟɪɟɞɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ

ɉɨɫɨɥɢɬɟɦɹɫɨɩɨɫɥɟɟɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹȼɷɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟɦɹɫɨ

ɛɭɞɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɱɧɵɦ ɋɦɚɠɶɬɟ ɦɹɫɨ ɬɨɧɤɢɦ ɫɥɨɟɦ

ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɥɚ ɗɬɨ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ

ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣɲɢɪɨɤɨɣɤɢɫɬɢɁɚɬɟɦɟɳɟɪɚɡɩɨɫɵɩɶɬɟɦɹɫɨɩɟɪɰɟɦ

ɢɞɪɭɝɢɦɢɫɩɟɰɢɹɦɢɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɱɟɛɪɟɰɨɦ

ȼɨɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢ

ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɩɪɨɤɚɥɵɜɚɣɬɟɦɹɫɨɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɟɝɨɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ

ɞɚɠɟɤɨɝɞɚɜɵɟɝɨɩɟɪɟɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɟɗɬɨɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬɤɬɨɦɭɱɬɨ

ɢɡɦɹɫɚɛɭɞɟɬɜɵɬɟɤɚɬɶɫɨɤɢɨɧɨɛɭɞɟɬɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹɫɭɯɢɦ

ɉɊɂȽɈɌɈȼɅȿɇɂȿȼɕɉȿɑɄɂ

ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɨɧɢ

ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɪɬɢɬɶ ɜɚɲɢ ɩɢɪɨɠɤɢ ɢɥɢ

ɩɢɪɨɠɧɵɟ ȿɫɥɢ ɜɚɲɢ ɩɢɪɨɠɤɢ ɩɨɞɪɭɦɹɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ

ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɣɬɟ ɢɯ ɠɢɪɨɧɟɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɨɣ ɢɥɢ

ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɣɮɨɥɶɝɨɣ

ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɮɨɥɶɝɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ

ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɚ ɤ ɩɢɪɨɠɤɚɦ ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ

ɨɬɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹɛɥɟɫɬɹɳɟɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɧɟɛɭɞɟɬɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɬɶɜ

ɩɢɳɭ

ɇɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ 

ɦɢɧɭɬ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ ɫɭɮɥɟ ɫɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɛɭɥɨɱɤɢ

ɛɢɫɤɜɢɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɫɟɫɬɶ ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɝɨɬɨɜɚ ɥɢ

ɜɵɩɟɱɤɚ ɩɪɨɤɨɥɨɜ ɟɟ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɧɨɠɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɜɹɡɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɩɢɰɟɣ ȿɫɥɢ ɥɟɡɜɢɟ ɧɨɠɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɜɵɩɟɱɤɢ

ɱɢɫɬɵɦɢɫɭɯɢɦɬɨɜɵɩɟɱɤɚɝɨɬɨɜɚɢɜɵɦɨɠɟɬɟɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ

ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɜɵɩɟɤɚɧɢɹȿɫɥɢɥɟɡɜɢɟɧɨɠɚɜɵɯɨɞɢɬɢɡɜɵɩɟɱɤɢ

ɜɥɚɠɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɧɚɥɢɩɲɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɤɚɦɢ ɜɵɩɟɱɤɢ

ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɜɵɩɟɤɚɧɢɟɧɨɧɟɦɧɨɝɨɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ

ɞɥɹɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɜɵɩɟɱɤɚɧɟɩɨɞɝɨɪɟɥɚ



(1

58

ɋȿɊȼɂɋɇɕɃɐȿɇɌɊ

ɉɪɟɠɞɟɱɟɦɩɨɡɜɨɧɢɬɶɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣɰɟɧɬɪ

ȿɫɥɢɞɭɯɨɜɤɚɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ

ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɱɬɨɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ

ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɭ

ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ

Ɉɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɞɭɯɨɜɤɭɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢɧɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɧɟɣɢ

ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶɡɚɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣɰɟɧɬɪ

ɉɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɡɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ

ɫɟɪɢɣɧɵɣɧɨɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣɜɟɝɨɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ

ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɢɫɬɟɤ ɫɪɨɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ

ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣɧɨɦɬɚɥɨɧɟɪɟɦɨɧɬɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɜɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɦɰɟɧɬɪɟɛɭɞɟɬ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨ

Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɜ

ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɨɣ

ȿɋ ɨɛ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ

:(((Ɉɬɯɨɞɵɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ

ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ

ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ

ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɢ

ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ

ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ȼɚɠɧɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ

ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ

ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ

ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢɢɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɝɨɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɫɟɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ

Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ

ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ

ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ

ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨɜɚɠɧɨɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ

ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯɩɪɚɜɢɥ

 ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫ

ɛɵɬɨɜɵɦɢɨɬɯɨɞɚɦɢ

 Ɉɬɯɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ

ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɫɛɨɪɚ

ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ

ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɹɦɢ ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɩɪɢ

ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɫɛɨɪ ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ

ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɧɚɞɨɦɭ

 ɉɪɢ ɩɨɤɭɩɤɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɫɬɚɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɦɨɠɧɨ

ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɪɨɡɧɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ

ɨɛɹɡɚɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ

ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɝɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹɟɫɥɢɷɬɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɵɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɝɨ

ɬɢɩɚɢɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɦɵɣɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɦɟɟɬɬɟɠɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɱɬɨɢ

ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ

ɗɇȿɊȽɈɋȻȿɊȿɀȿɇɂȿɂɁȺɓɂɌȺɈɄɊɍɀȺɘɓȿɃɋɊȿȾɕ

ɉɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ

ɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɤɚɮɚ ɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ

Ɉɬɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨɲɤɚɮɚɤɚɤɦɨɠɧɨɪɟɠɟɬɚɤɤɚɤ

ɩɪɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɟɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ Ⱦɥɹ

ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟ

ɞɭɯɨɜɨɣ ɲɤɚɮ ɡɚ  ɦɢɧɭɬ ɞɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ

ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ

ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɬɟɩɥɨ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɞɭɯɨɜɵɦ ɲɤɚɮɨɦ

ɍɩɥɨɬɧɢɬɟɥɢɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɜɱɢɫɬɨɬɟɢɜɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɦ

ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɬɟɩɥɚɡɚɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ

ɤɚɦɟɪɵ ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɜɚɲɟɦɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɚ

ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɱɚɫɨɜɨɣɬɚɪɢɮɬɨ

ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɨɬɫɪɨɱɤɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ

ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɬɫɪɨɱɤɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ

ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɶɝɨɬɧɨɝɨ

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SULEOLåDMR

9$512671$1$92',/$

6/

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QDQDãDMRQDWDL]GHOHN

9$512671,1$327.,

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35,./-8ý,7(93(ý,&(1$(/(.75,ý12

205(ä-(

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WHKQDYRGLO

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YHOMDYQLPLSUHGSLVL

35,./-8ý,7(9

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3UHGSULNOMXþLWYLMRSUHYHULWH

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QHSUDYLOQRNRQWLQXLWHWR

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PRUDMR WR GHOR RSUDYLWL VWURNRYQMDNL SRREODãþHQHJD VHUYLVD DOL

XVWUH]QRXVSRVREOMHQDRVHED

35,3252ý,/$

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WHPSHUDWXURLQSRGDOMãDWHþDVSHþHQMD

7DEOLFDVSRGDWNLMHREVWUDQLSHþLFH

63/2â1$232=25,/$

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VHUYLVD

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SURGDMDOFDýHQLVWHSUHSULþDQLVHSRVYHWXMWHVVWURNRYQMDNRP2GVWUDQLWHYVRHPEDODåRLQMRRGQHVLWHQDXVWUH]QRRGODJDOLãþH3D]LWHGD

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SHNDþHRGSRUQHQD]HORYLVRNHWHPSHUDWXUH

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VVXKRNUSR

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1HNDWHUL PRGHOL VR RSUHPOMHQL WXGL V SRVHEQLP NDPQLWLP

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1LNROLJDQHVPHWHSRVWDYLWLQHSRVUHGQRQDGQRSHþLFH

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7(+12/2*,-$352(;35

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