Loading ...
Loading ...
Loading ...
$E\ZáąF]\üSRGZyMQHUR]V]HU]HQLHSRZLą]DQDVWUHIDJáyZQDPXVL
E\üMXĪZáąF]RQDLZVND]\ZDQ\SR]LRPPRF\PXVLE\üZ\ĪV]\QLĪ
6WUHIDSRGZyMQDZáąF]RQD
 NUyWNLH QDFLĞQLĊFLH SU]\FLVNX UR]V]HU]HĔ SRZRGXMH ZáąF]HQLH
UR]V]HU]HQLD 'LRGD QDG W\P SU]\FLVNLHP ]DĞZLHFD VLĊ MHĞOL
UR]V]HU]HQLH]RVWDQLHZáąF]RQH
 NUyWNLH QDFLĞQLĊFLH SU]\FLVNX VWUHI SRáąF]RQ\FK SRZRGXMH
ZáąF]HQLHVWUHI\SRáąF]RQHM .DĪGHPXQDFLĞQLĊFLXSU]\FLVNX
VWUHISRáąF]RQ\FKWRZDU]\V]\NUyWNLV\JQDáGĨZLĊNRZ\
6WUHIDSRWUyMQDZáąF]RQD
NUyWNLHQDFLĞQLĊFLHSU]\FLVNXUR]V]HU]HĔSRZRGXMHZáąF]HQLH
UR]V]HU]HQLD  GLRGD QDG W\P SU]\FLVNLHP ]DĞZLHFD VLĊ MHĞOL 
UR]V]HU]HQLH ]RVWDQLH ZáąF]RQH OHZD GLRGD Z SU]\SDGNX VWUHI\
SRWUyMQHM ĞURGNRZHM L SRMHG\QF]D GLRGD Z SU]\SDGNX VWUHI\
SRGZyMQHM
NUyWNLHQDFLĞQLĊFLHSU]\FLVNXUR]V]HU]HĔSRZRGXMHZáąF]HQLH
UR]V]HU]HQLD GLRG\QDG SU]\FLVNLHPUR]V]HU]HĔ ]DĞZLHFDMąVLĊ
MHĞOL]RVWDQąZáąF]RQHLUR]V]HU]HQLH
NUyWNLHQDFLĞQLĊFLHSU]\FLVNXUR]V]HU]HĔSRZRGXMHZ\áąF]HQLHL
UR]V]HU]HQLD
.DĪGHPX QDFLĞQLĊFLX SU]\FLVNX UR]V]HU]HĔ WRZDU]\V]\ NUyWNL
V\JQDáGĨZLĊNRZ\
6WUHI\SRGZyMQHSRWUyMQH
)XQNFMDÄ%ULGJH´
)XQNFMĊ Ä%ULGJH´ PRĪQD ZáąF]\ü Z\áąF]QLH ZyZF]DV NLHG\ RELH
VWUHI\JU]HMQHVąZ\áąF]RQH3RZ\EUDQLXMHGQHMVWUHI\JU]HMQHMZFHOX
ZáąF]HQLDIXQNFMLÄ%ULGJH´GRWNQLMSU]\FLVNXIXQNFMLÄ%ULGJH´
(PLWRZDQ\MHVWV\JQDáGĨZLĊNRZ\L]DĞZLHFDVLĊGLRGDMHĞOLGDQD
VWUHIDMHVWDNW\ZQD
2EDHOHPHQW\JU]HMQHIXQNFMLÄ%ULGJH´EĊGąZ\EUDQHUyZQRF]HĞQLH
3R Z\EUDQLX VWUHI JU]HMQ\FK MHĞOL SR]LRP PRF\ QLH MHVW WDNL MDN
RF]HNLZDQRQDOHĪ\JR]PLHQLü]DSRPRFąSU]\FLVNyZL
'OD REX VWUHI JU]HMQ\FK IXQNFML Ä%ULGJH´ EĊG]LH ZVND]\ZDQ\
MHGQDNRZ\SR]LRPPRF\)XQNFMDWD]RVWDQLHZ\áąF]RQD
 MHĞOLSU]\FLVNIXQNFMLÄ%ULGJH´]RVWDQLHGRWNQLĊW\ZWU\ELHXVWDZLHĔ
 MHĞOLXĪ\WNRZQLNZ\ELHU]HSR]LRPPRF\Ä´
=DEH]SLHF]HQLHSU]HG]DODQLHP
.LHG\FRĞSU]HGPLRWOXESá\QQDFLVNDQDGRZROQ\SU]\FLVNSU]H]
SRQDGVHNXQGFRVHNXQGVá\FKDüNUyWNLHV\JQDá\GĨZLĊNRZHL
V\JQDáGáXJL3á\WDNXFKHQQD]RVWDQLHZyZF]DVZ\áąF]RQD
6\PEROWHQEĊG]LHQDGDOPLJDáMHĞOLSUREOHPQLHXVWąSL
3/
5HJXODWRUF]DVRZ\
)XQNFMĊ UHJXODWRUD F]DVRZHJR PRĪQD ZáąF]\ü Z\]QDF]RQ\P
SU]\FLVNLHPOXESRSU]H]UyZQRF]HVQHGRWNQLĊFLHSU]\FLVNyZL
:REXSU]\SDGNDFKPXVLE\ü Z\EUDQDVWUHID JU]HMQDL MHMSR]LRP
PRF\PXVLE\üXVWDZLRQ\QDZDUWRĞüZ\ĪV]ąQLĪÄ´
:\ELHU]VWUHIĊGODNWyUHMPDE\üZáąF]RQ\UHJXODWRUF]DVRZ\8VWDZ
SR]LRPPRF\GODWHMVWUHI\QDZLĊNV]\QLĪ'ODVWUHI\GODNWyUHPD
E\üXVWDZLRQ\UHJXODWRUF]DVRZ\SRMDZLDVLĊZVND]DQLH
1DZ\ĞZLHWODF]XUHJXODWRUDF]DVRZHJRZLGQLHMHZVND]DQLHÄ´
 &]DVG]LDáDQLDUHJXODWRUDPRĪQDZ\EUDü]DSRPRFąSU]\FLVNyZ
Ä´ OXE Ä´ 3U]\ ]PLDQLH F]DVX QLH MHVW HPLWRZDQ\ ĪDGHQ V\JQDá
DNXVW\F]Q\
 5yZQRF]HVQHQDFLĞQLĊFLHSU]\FLVNyZUHJXODWRUDÄ´SRZRGXMH
Z\]HURZDQLHF]DVX
 3U]\WU]\PDQLH QDFLĞQLĊWHJR SU]\FLVNX Ä´ OXE Ä´ SRGF]DV
XVWDZLDQLD F]DVX XPRĪOLZLD V]\EV]H ZSURZDG]HQLH ZáDĞFLZHJR
F]DVX
 : SU]\SDGNX XVWDZLDQLD F]DVX SR RVLąJQLĊFLX ZDUWRĞFL Ä´
PRĪQDSU]HMĞüGRÄ´SU]\FLVNLHPÄ´LRGÄ´GRÄ´]DSRPRFą
SU]\FLVNXÄ´
 0DNV\PDOQ\PRĪOLZ\GRXVWDZLHQLDF]DVWRPLQXW
3R XSá\ZLH XVWDZLRQHJR F]DVX L XVá\V]HQLX V\JQDáX
GĨZLĊNRZHJR QDOHĪ\ QDFLVQąü GRZROQ\ SU]\FLVN D ZWHG\ DODUP
XVWDMHLZVND]DQLHQDUHJXODWRU]HMHVW]HURZDQH
 8VWDZLHQLH UHJXODWRUDF]DVRZHJRPRĪQD ]PLHQLüJG\WHQMXĪ
G]LDáD
 3R]LRPPRF\UHJXORZDQ\FKF]DVRZRVWUHIPRĪQD]PLHQLDüEH]
ZSá\ZXQDXVWDZLRQ\F]DV
 2VWDWQLDPLQXWDEĊG]LHZ\ĞZLHWODQD]XZ]JOĊGQLHQLHPVHNXQG
Z QLHNWyU\FK ZHUVMDFK RGOLF]DQLH WDNLH MHVW ZLGRF]QH Z\áąF]QLH
ZyZF]DV MHĞOL ZHMG]LHP\ GR WU\EX XVWDZLDQLD F]DVX SRGF]DV
RGOLF]DQLDRVWDWQLHMPLQXW\
 1DFLĞQLĊFLH SU]\FLVNX UHJXODWRUD F]DVRZHJR EH] Z\EUDQLD
MDNLHMNROZLHNVWUHI\JU]HMQHMLNLHG\ĪDGQDVWUHIDQLHMHVWUHJXORZDQD
F]DVRZRQLFQLHSRZRGXMH
 1DFLĞQLĊFLH SU]\FLVNX UHJXODWRUD F]DVRZHJR EH] Z\EUDQLD
MDNLHMNROZLHN VWUHI\ JU]HMQHM L NLHG\ NLOND VWUHI MHVW UHJXORZDQ\FK
F]DVRZRSRZRGXMHĪHF]DVSRND]\ZDQ\]DSRPRFąF\IU]PLHQLDVLĊ
ZWU\ELHREURWRZ\PLSRND]\ZDQ\MHVWNWyUHJRZVNDĨQLNPRF\PD
]DĞZLHFRQ\]QDNG]LHVLĊWQ\
 $OWHUQDW\ZQLH GOD VWUHI\ NWyUD MHVW UHJXORZDQD F]DVRZR
Z\ĞZLHWODQDMHVWPRFVLV
1DZ\ĞZLHWODF]XUHJXODWRUDF]DVRZHJRZLGQLHMHSR]RVWDá\F]DV-HĞOL
NLONDVWUHIMHVWUHJXORZDQ\FKF]DVRZRZ\ĞZLHWODQ\MHVWQDMNUyWV]\
SR]RVWDá\F]DVL]QDNG]LHVLĊWQ\GODGDQHMVWUHI\JU]HMQHM
:VND]DQLHQDGDOJRUąFHMVWUHI\JU]HMQHM
ZVWUHIDFKSURPLHQLXMąF\FK!REOLF]RQH
7H VDPH ZVNDĨQLNL PRJą E\ü UyZQLHĪ Z\NRU]\VW\ZDQH GR
ZVND]\ZDQLDQDGDOJRUąFHMVWUHI\JU]HMQHM:W\PFHOXNRQLHF]QH
MHVWRNUHĞOHQLHVSHFMDOQHMWDEHOLF]DVX3R]RVWDá\F]DVQDJU]DQLD I
SR]LRPPRF\F]DVG]LDáDQLD
-HĞOLWHPSHUDWXUDQDSRZLHU]FKQLV]NODQHMSá\W\NXFKHQQHMZ\QRVL
R
SRZ\ĪHM  & ZDUWRĞü WHRUHW\F]QD R V\WXDFML WDNLHM EĊG]LH
ĞZLDGF]\üQDGDQ\PZ\ĞZLHWODF]XZVND]DQLHÄ+´
R
$E\WHPSHUDWXUDZ\QRVLáDSRQDG &HOHPHQWJU]HMQ\PXVLG]LDáDü
SU]H]RNUHĞORQ\F]DV&]DVWDNL]DOHĪ\RGSR]LRPXPRF\3RXSá\ZLH
WDNLHJRF]DVXEĊG]LHZLGRF]QHRVWU]HĪHQLHRQDGDOJRUąFHMVWUHILH
JU]HMQHMSRZ\áąF]HQLXGDQHJRHOHPHQWXJU]HMQHJR
$XWRPDW\F]QHEH]SLHF]QHZ\áąF]HQLH
-HĞOLSR]LRPPRF\QLHXOHJQLH]PLDQLHSU]H]RNUHĞORQ\F]DVGDQD
VWUHIDJU]HMQDDXWRPDW\F]QLHZ\áąF]\VLĊ
0DNV\PDOQ\ F]DV SU]H] MDNL GDQD VWUHID JU]HMQD PRĪH E\ü
ZáąF]RQD]DOHĪ\RGZ\EUDQHJRSR]LRPXPRF\
3R]LRP
PRF\
0DNV\PDOQ\F]DV
ZáąF]HQLDZJRG]LQDFK
3

8:$*$JG\E\ZWUDNFLHG]LDáDQLDQDQDMZ\ĪV]\FKSR]LRPDFKPRF\
PRJáR GRĞü GR SU]HJU]DQLD XNáDG VWHUXMąF\ Sá\W\ NXFKHQQHM
VSRZRGXMH DXWRPDW\F]QH Z\UHJXORZDQLH SR]LRPX PRF\ DE\
]DEH]SLHF]\üSá\WĊSU]HGSU]HJU]DQLHP
&=<6=&=(1,(,.216(5:$&-$
3U]HGSU]HSURZDG]HQLHPMDNLFKNROZLHNF]\QQRĞFLNRQVHUZDF\MQ\FK
Z]DNUHVLHSá\W\NXFKHQQHMQDOHĪ\SR]ZROLüMHMVFKáRG]LüVLĊ
1DOHĪ\VWRVRZDüZ\áąF]QLHSURGXNW\ĞURGNLF]\V]F]ąFHLVNUREDNL
]DSURMHNWRZDQH VSHFMDOQLH GR SRZLHU]FKQL V]NODQRFHUDPLF]Q\FK
0RĪQDMHQDE\üZVNOHSDFK]DUW\NXáDPLSU]HP\VáRZ\PL
 8QLNDü UR]OHZDQLD Sá\QyZ SRQLHZDĪ PRJą RQH V]\ENR XOHF
SU]\SDOHQLXQDSRZLHU]FKQLSá\W\DWRXWUXGQLLFKZ\F]\V]F]HQLH
=DOHFDVLĊWU]\PDü]GDODRGSá\W\NXFKHQQHMZV]HONLHVXEVWDQFMH
NWyUH áDWZR XOHJDMą UR]WRSLHQLX QD SU]\NáDG HOHPHQW\ SODVWLNRZH
FXNLHUOXESURGXNW\QDED]LHFXNUX
.216(5:$&-$
 1DQLHĞü NLOND NURSHO VSHFMDOQHJR SURGXNWX GR F]\V]F]HQLD
SRZLHU]FKQLSá\WNXFKHQQ\FK
 3U]HWU]HüZV]HONLHXFLąĪOLZHSODP\PLĊNNąV]PDWNąOXEGHOLNDWQLH
]ZLOĪRQ\PUĊF]QLNLHPSDSLHURZ\P
 :\WU]Hü PLĊNNą V]PDWNą OXE UĊF]QLNLHP SDSLHURZ\P GRSyNL
SRZLHU]FKQLDQLHEĊG]LHF]\VWD
-HĞOLZFLąĪQDSRZLHU]FKQLVąXFLąĪOLZHSODP\
 1DQLHĞüQLHFRZLĊFHMNURSHOVSHFMDOQHJRSURGXNWXGRF]\V]F]HQLD
SRZLHU]FKQLSá\WNXFKHQQ\FK
 =HVNUREDüVNUREDNLHPWU]\PDMąFJRSRGNąWHPZVWRVXQNXGR
Sá\W\NXFKHQQHMGRSyNLSODPDQLH]QLNQLH
 :\WU]Hü PLĊNNą V]PDWNą OXE UĊF]QLNLHP SDSLHURZ\P GRSyNL
SRZLHU]FKQLDQLHEĊG]LHF]\VWD
 :UD]LHSRWU]HE\F]\QQRĞüSRZWyU]\ü
Loading ...
Loading ...
Loading ...