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ˈ
ϮϯϬʦʹϮϱʦʹʫϭϰϯϬϬΣˁ
ˋ
ͻʦ
ͻʦ
ͻʦ;
Ϳ
ͻʿ
ɑɂɋɌɄȺɋɌȿɄɅəɇɇɈɃȾȼȿɊɐɕȾɍɏɈȼɈȽɈɒɄȺɎȺ
Ⱦɜɟɪɰɚɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨɲɤɚɮɚɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɫɧɹɬɚɢɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɧɚɞɥɹ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɟɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɬɟɤɥɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦ
)LJXUH
)LJXUH
)LJXUH
)LJXUH
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɞɜɟɪɰɭɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ
ɲɤɚɮɚɊɢɫɭɧɨɤ)LJXUH
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɜɟɪɯɧɸɸɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɤɪɵɲɤɭɩɨɬɹɧɭɜɟɟɜɜɟɪɯ
ɤɚɤɭɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ)LJXUH
ɋɧɢɦɢɬɟɫɬɟɤɥɨɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ
ɩɨɬɹɧɭɜɟɝɨɢɡɪɚɦɤɢɞɜɟɪɰɵɤɚɤ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ)LJXUH
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɟɜɢɧɬɵɤɚɤɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ)LJXUH
ɉɟɬɥɢ ɞɜɟɪɰɵɞɭɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɤɚɮɚ
ɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ Ɋɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɣɬɟ
ɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ
)LJXUH ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨɱɬɨɛɵɫɧɹɬɶ
ɞɜɟɪɰɭ
)LJXUH
)LJXUH
ɉɨɫɥɟɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɞɜɟɪɰɵɫɨɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɟɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ
Ⱦɥɹɞɭɯɨɜɵɯɲɤɚɮɨɜɫ
ɩɢɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɱɢɫɬɤɨɣ
ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚɫɧɢɦɢɬɟɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜɬɨɪɨɟɢɬɪɟɬɶɟɫɬɟɤɥɚɤɚɤ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɧɚɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ)LJXUH
)LJXUH
ɇȺȼɋȿɏɋɌȿɄɅȺɏɡɧɚɤ/2:
(ɞɨɥɠɟɧɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹɢ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɜ
ɥɟɜɨɦ ɭɝɥɭ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ
ɥɟɜɨɣɩɟɬɥɟɣɌɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɧɚɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɧɚ
ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɬɟɤɥɟ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɞɜɟɪɰɵ
ɑɂɋɌɄȺȾɍɏɈȼɄɂ
ɉɟɪɟɞɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦɪɭɱɧɨɣɱɢɫɬɤɢɞɚɣɬɟɞɭɯɨɜɤɟɨɫɬɵɧɭɬɶ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɨɱɚɥɤɚɦɢ ɢ
ɨɫɬɪɵɦɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢɗɬɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤ
ɧɟɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɷɦɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɵɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɨɞɭ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɛɟɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ
ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɚɦɦɢɚɤɚ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɣɮɨɥɶɝɨɣ
ɋɌȿɄɅəɇɇɕȿȾȿɌȺɅɂ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɨɱɢɳɚɬɶ ɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɭɸ ɞɜɟɪɰɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɜɩɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɞɜɟɪɰɵɞɭɯɨɜɤɢɜɵɦɨɠɟɬɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɞɥɹɟɟ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɭɸɜɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɞɟɬɟɪɝɟɧɬɚɢɯɨɪɨɲɨɨɬɠɚɬɭɸ
ɝɭɛɤɭ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɫɬɪɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɩɨɰɚɪɚɩɚɬɶɫɬɟɤɥɨ ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤ ɟɝɨ
ɪɚɫɬɪɟɫɤɢɜɚɧɢɸ
ɍɉɅɈɌɇɂɌȿɅɖɇȺəɉɊɈɄɅȺȾɄȺȾȼȿɊɐɕȾɍɏɈȼɄɂ
ȿɫɥɢɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɚɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɢɥɚɫɶɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɟɟɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɥɟɝɤɚ
ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣɝɭɛɤɢ
ɉɊɂɇȺȾɅȿɀɇɈɋɌɂ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɝɭɛɤɢ ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ
ɦɵɥɶɧɨɣɜɨɞɟɋɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟɢɯɱɢɫɬɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɢɜɵɫɭɲɢɬɟɇɟ
ɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɦɢɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɉɈȾȾɈɇ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɢɥɟ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɢɬɟ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ ɢɡ
ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ ɫɥɟɣɬɟ ɬɟɩɥɵɣ ɠɢɪ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪ
ȼɵɦɨɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɞɨɧ ɝɭɛɤɨɣ ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɝɨɪɹɱɟɦ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ
ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɦɨɸɳɟɣɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɞɨɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɟɜɲɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɠɢɪɚ
ɡɚɦɨɱɢɬɟɩɨɞɞɨɧɜɜɨɞɟɫɦɨɸɳɢɦɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ
ɉɨɞɞɨɧɬɚɤɠɟɦɨɠɧɨɜɵɦɵɬɶɜɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɨɟɱɧɨɣɦɚɲɢɧɟɢɥɢ
ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɶɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɬɹɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɞɥɹ
ɞɭɯɨɜɨɤ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɣɬɟɜɞɭɯɨɜɤɭɝɪɹɡɧɵɣɩɨɞɞɨɧ
ɈɋȼȿɓȿɇɂȿȼȾɍɏɈȼɄȿ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɢ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɞɭɯɨɜɤɭɨɬɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɢ
Ʌɚɦɩɨɱɤɚ ɢ ɟɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɩɚɱɨɤ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɢɡ
ɠɚɪɨɫɬɨɣɤɨɝɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ
58
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