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Cub Cadet 17AAEACS603 Zero Turn Mower Model

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Below are documents related to this product, you can read online or download:
User Manual Other Documents
  • MAN:OP:MULTIL:17X:CC:XZ5:ZTL U - (English) Download
  • MAN:OP:MULTIL:17X:CC:XZ5:ZTL U - (English) Download
  • SHT:SUPPL:ZONGSHEN ENGINES:STA - (English) Download
  • SUP:CONF:DECLA:17AAEACS603 - (English) Download
  • SUP:CONF:DECLA:17AAEACS603 - (English) Download
Main documentSpecificationQuestions and answersRelateds Products

User Manual: OP:ENG:ZS:679cc:CARB:EU

This is the main product document for model 17AAEACS603.

The file format is pdf, 224 pages, you can download this manual here .

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3RLVWDPLWWDWLNNXMDWDUNLVWD¸OM\
-RV¸OM\¦RQOLLDQY¦K¦QOLV¦¦¸OM\¦
KLWDDVWLPLWWDWLNXQ\O¦PHUNNLLQ
}0D[mVDDNND
.LHUU¦¸OM\QPLWWDWLNNXNLLQQL
HQQHQPRRWWRULQN¦\QQLVW¦PLVW¦
+XRPLR
9¦OW¦OLLNDW¦\WW¸¦-RV¸OM\¦OLV¦W¦¦Q
OLLNDDPRRWWRULVDDWWDDYDXULRLWXD
VDYXWWDDN¦\QQLVW\VYDLNHXWXXWDL
V\W\W\VWXOSSDNDUVWRLWWXX
3ROWWRDLQHVXRVLWXNVHW
9DDUD
ದ 3ROWWRDLQHRQHULWW¦LQWXOHQDUNDD
MDYRLU¦M¦KW¦¦WLHW\LVV¦RORVXKW
-
HLVVD
ದ /LV¦¦SROWWRDLQHWWDYDLQPRRWWRUL
VDPPXWHWWXQDMDSDLNDVVDMRVVD
RQK\Y¦LOPDQYDLKWRO¦WXSDNRL
WDQNNDXVSDLNDQO¦KHLV\\GHVV¦
WDLSROWWRDLQHHQV¦LO\W\VSDLNDOOD
MDPXLVWDVDPPXWWDDNDLNNLV\W\
-
W\VO¦KWHHW
ದ O¦W¦\W¦WDQNNLLQOLLNDDEHQVLLQL¦
SROWWRDLQHWWDHLVDDXORWWXD
W¦\WW¸DXNRQDODUHXQDQ\O¦SXR
-
OHOOH9DUPLVWDWDQNNDXNVHQ
M¦ONHHQHWW¦SROWWRDLQHV¦LOL¸Q
WXOSSDRQNXQQROODNLLQQL
ದ 9DURHWWHLSROWWRDLQHWWDO¦LN\VLW¦
OLV¦WW¦HVV¦<OLO¦LNN\Q\WSROW
-
WRDLQHWDLSROWWRDLQHK¸\U\WVDDW
-
WDYDWV\WW\¦WXOHHQ-RV
SROWWRDLQHWWDO¦LNN\\\OLNXLYDD
DOXHHQQHQPRRWWRULQN¦\QQLVW¦
-
PLVW¦
ದ 9¦OW¦WRLVWXYDDDOWLVWXPLVWDK¸\
-
U\LOOHSLWN¦DLNDLVWDLKRNRVNHWXVWD
MDK¸\U\MHQKHQJLWW¦PLVW¦
0
RRWWRULYDXULRQYDDUD
ದ O¦VHNRLWDSROWWRDLQHWWD¸OM\\Q
ದ .¦\W¦YDLQSXKGDVWDWXRUHWWDMD
O\LM\W¸QW¦SROWWRDLQHWWD
ದ .¦\W¦YDLQSROWWRDLQHWWDMRQND
RNWDDQLOXNXRQWDLNRUNHDPSL
ದ O¦N¦\W¦SROWWRDLQHWWDMRQNDOXR
-
NLWXVRQ((
ದ 3LG¦SROWWRDLQHWWDYDUDOODYDLQ
VHQYHUUDQHWW¦VHQYRLN¦\WW¦¦
S¦LY¦QNXOXHVVD
ದ O¦M¦W¦SROWWRDLQHWWDMRVVDHLROH
V¦LO\Y\\WW¦SDUDQWDYDDOLV¦DL
-
QHWWDVWDELOLVDDWWRULD\OL
 S¦LY¦NVLSROWWRDLQHV¦LOL¸¸Q
6HXUDXNVHQDVDDWWDDROODWDNXXQ
UDXNHDPLQHQ
ದ 9DURHWWHLSROWWRDLQHV¦LOL¸¸Q
S¦¦VHOLNDDS¸O\¦WDLYHWW¦
3ROWWRDLQHP¦¦U¦QWDUNDVWXV
+XRPLR
$QQDPRRWWRULQM¦¦KW\¦Y¦KLQW¦¦Q
NDNVLPLQXXWWLDHQQHQSROWWRDLQHHQ
OLV¦¦PLVW¦
1RXGDWDW\¸NRQHHQ
N¦\WW¸RKMHNLUMDVVDDQQHWWXMD
SROWWRDLQHHQWDUNLVWXVWDMDW¦\WW¸¦
NRVNHYLDRKMHLWD
.XYDದNDWVRNRQHHQ
N¦\WW¸RKMHNLUMD
3XKGLVWDW¦\WW¸DXNRQ\PS¦ULOO¦
ROHYDDOXHHQQHQ
SROWWRDLQHV¦LOL¸QNRUNLQ
LUURWWDPLVWDMDWDQNNDXVWD
7¦\W¦SROWWRDLQHWWDYDLQQRLQFP
S¦¦K¦QW¦\WW¸DXNRQDODUHXQDVWD
WDLNXQQHVSROWWRDLQHWWDXORWWXX
QHVWHP¦¦U¦QRVRLWWLPHQ
PDNVLPLPHUNNLLQDVWLULLSSXHQ
NRQHPDOOLVWDMRWWDSROWWRDLQHHQ
ODDMHQHPLVHOOHM¦¦ULLWW¦Y¦VWLWLODD
-30º -20º -10º 0º 10º 20º 30º 40º
(ºC)
5W-30
30
10W-30
Synthetic 5W-30
background
Moottorin käyttöohjekirja Suomi

0RRWWRULQN¦\QQLVW¦PLQHQ
.XYD
9DDUD
3LG¦N¦GHWMDMDODWSRLVVDOLLNNXYLVWD
RVLVWDO¦N¦\W¦
DSXN¦\QQLVW\VVSUD\W¦+¸\U\WRYDW
V\WW\YL¦
9DDUD
1RXGDWDNDLNNLDVHQW\¸NRQHHQ
N¦\WW¸RKMHLWDMRKRQPRRWWRULRQ
DVHQQHWWX
2KMHLWD
ದ -RLVVDNLQPDOOHLVVDHLROH
ULNDVWLQWD0RRWWRULV¦¦W\\
DXWRPDDWWLVHVWLRLNHLQ
N¦\QQLVW\VW¦YDUWHQ
ದ -RVPRRWWRULRQO¦PPLQWDL
N¦\WW¸\PS¦ULVW¸QO¦PS¸WLODRQ
NRUNHDULNDVWLQWDHL\OHHQV¦
WDUYLWD
ದ $QQDPRRWWRULQN¦\G¦
O¦PSLP¦NVLPXXWDPDQPLQXXWLQ
HQQHQW¸LKLQU\KW\PLVW¦
.\WNHNDLNNLYHWRODLWWHHWSRLV
S¦¦OW¦DVHWDYHWRYDSDD
DVHQWRRQ1MDN\WNH
S\V¦N¸LQWLMDUUXS¦¦OOHPLN¦OL
NRQHHVVD
$VHWDNDDVXYLSXNXYD E
DVHQWRRQ 
.XQPRRWWRULRQN\OP¦YHG¦
ULNDVWLQXORVNXYD DWDLDVHWD
NDDVXYLSXDVHQWRRQ
NXYD E
.¦\W¦YLUWDDYDLQWDYLUWDOXNRVWD
ULLSSXHQNXYD FGH
ದ 7\¸QQ¦YLUWDDYDLQ
YLUWDOXNNRRQ
ದ .¦¦QQ¦YLUWDDYDLQ
NXYD FGDVHQWRRQ 
NXQQHVPRRWWRULN¦\QQLVW\\
ದ 3¦¦VW¦LUWLYLUWDDYDLPHVWD
9LUWDDYDLQRQDVHQQRVVD
WDL
ದ 7\¸QQ¦YLUWDDYDLQNXYDH
YLUWDOXNNRRQMDSDLQDDODVS¦LQ
Y¦KLQW¦¦QVHNXQWLD
NXQQHVPRRWWRULN¦\
ದ 3¦¦VW¦LUWLYLUWDOXNRVWD
2KMH
<NVLN¦\QQLVW\V\ULW\VVDLVLNHVW¦¦
NRUNHLQWDDQVHNXQWLD2GRWD
 VHNXQWLDHQQHQVHXUDDYDD\UL-
W\VW¦
3DLQDULNDVWLQKLWDDVWLWDNDLVLQ
9LHNDDVXYLSXDKLHPDQWDNDLVLQ
NXQQHVPRRWWRULN¦\WDVDLVHVWL
0RRWWRULQVDPPXWWDPLQHQ
.XYD
.\WNHNDLNNLYHWRODLWWHHWSRLV
S¦¦OW¦DVHWDYHWRYDSDD
DVHQWRRQ1MDN\WNH
S\V¦N¸LQWLMDUUXS¦¦OOHPLN¦OL
NRQHHVVD
6LLUU¦NDDVXYLSXNHVNLDVHQWRRQ
$QQDPRRWWRULQN¦\G¦Q
 VHNXQWLD
$VHWDYLUWDDYDLQNXYD FG
DVHQWRRQ WDLSDLQDYLUWD
DYDLQWDNXYD HDODVS¦LQMD
S¦¦VW¦LUWL
,UURLWDYLUWDDYDLQ
.\WNHHQQHQNRQHHOWD
SRLVWXPLVWDS\V¦N¸LQWLMDUUX
S¦¦OOHPLN¦OLNRQHHVVD
+XROWDPLQHQMD
SXKGLVWDPLQHQ
9DDUD
6DPPXWDPRRWWRULMDDQQDVHQ
M¦¦KW\¦HQQHQNDLNNLDKXROWRW¸LW¦MD
SXKGLVWXVWD,UURWDYLUWDDYDLQ
,UURWDDLQDV\W\W\VWXOSDQKDWWX
WXOSDVWDWDKDWWRPDQ
N¦\QQLVW\PLVHQY¦OWW¦PLVHNVL
+XRPLR
ದ 0RRWWRULRQV¦¦GHWW\WHKWDDOOD
RSWLPDDOLVHVWLPRRWWRULQWHKRQMD
NXOXWXNVHQVXKWHHQ7HKGDVDVH
-
WXNVHWVDDPXXWWDDDLQRDVWDDQ
YDOPLVWDMDWDLYDOWXXWHWWX
KXROWRPLHV
ದ -RVPRRWWRULDRQNDOOLVWHWWDYD
NRQHHQNXOMHWWDPLVWDWDUNDVWXVWD
WDLOLDQSRLVWDPLVWDYDUWHQQLLQ
NDOOLVWDDLQDV\W\W\VWXOSSD
\O¸VS¦LQMRWWHLSROWWRDLQHWDL¸OM\
YDXULRLWDPRRWWRULD
ದ .XOMHWDNRQHWWDDMRQHXYRVVDDLQD
SROWWRDLQHV¦LOL¸W\KM¦Q¦
ದ 9DUDRVLHQWXOHHROODYDOPLVWDMDQ
DVHWWDPLHQYDDWLPXVWHQ
PXNDLVLD
ದ .¦\W¦W¦P¦QWDNLDDLQRDVWDDQ
DONXSHU¦LVL¦YDUDRVLDWDLYDOPL
-
VWDMDQK\Y¦NV\QQ¦QVDDQHLWD
YDUDRVLD.RUMDXNVHWVDDWHKG¦
DLQRDVWDDQYDOWXXWHWWXKXROWR
-
OLLNH
-RWWDPRRWWRULQWHKRV¦LO\\K\Y¦Q¦
RYDWP¦¦U¦Y¦OHLQVXRULWHWWDYDW
WDUNDVWXNVHWMDV¦¦W¸WRLPHW
Y¦OWW¦P¦WW¸PL¦0¦¦U¦DLNDLVKXROWR
WDNDDPRRWWRULQV¦LO\PLVHQSLWN¦¦Q
K\Y¦NXQWRLVHQD
9DDGLWWDYDWKXROWRY¦OLWMDW\¸WRQ
LOPRLWHWWXVHXUDDYDVVDWDXOXNRVVD
.¦\WW¸WXQWLHQWDLPXLGHQ
DLNDWLHWRMHQSHUXVWHHOOD
P¦¦U¦\W\YL¦KXROWRY¦OHM¦WXOHH
QRXGDWWDD
.¦\WW¸RORVXKWHLGHQROOHVVD
DQNDUDPPDWRQKXROWRVXRULWHWWDYD
XVHDPPLQ
-¦W¦NRQHN¦\WW¸NDXGHQORSXVVD
KXROWRRQWDUNLVWHWWDYDNVLMD
KXROOHWWDYDNVL
!
!
!
background
Suomi Moottorin käyttöohjekirja

+XROWRNDDYLR

.RYDVVDNXRUPLWXNVHVVDWDL\PS¦ULVW¸QO¦PS¸WLODQROOHVVDNRUNHD

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OM\QWDUNDVWXV
7DUNLVWD¸OM\P¦¦U¦DLQDHQQHQ
PRRWWRULQN¦\QQLVW\VW¦
9DUPLVWDHWW¦¸OM\¦RQDLQD
ULLWW¦Y¦VWL.DWVR}OM\P¦¦U¦Q
WDUNDVWXVm
OM\QMD¸OM\QVXRGDWWLPHQ
YDLKWR
9DDUD
ದ 7RLVWXYDWDLSLWHPSLDLNDLQHQ
DOWLVWXPLQHQYDQKDOOHPRRWWRUL¸O
-
M\OOHVDDWWDDDLKHXWWDDLKR
-
V\¸S¦¦7RVLQW¦P¦RQ
HS¦WRGHQQ¦N¸LVW¦QLLQNDXDQ
NXLQM¦WH¸OM\¦HLMRXGXWDN¦VLW
-
WHOHP¦¦QS¦LYLWW¦LQ7¦VW¦KXROL
-
PDWWDRQVXRVLWHOWDYDDSHVW¦
N¦GHWKXROHOOLVHVWLVDLSSXDOODMD
YHGHOO¦PDKGROOLVLPPDQSLDQ
M¦WH¸OM\QN¦VLWWHO\QM¦ONHHQ
ದ /DVNH¸OM\SRLVPRRWWRULQROOHVVD
YLHO¦O¦PPLQPXWWHLNXXPD¸OM\
YDOXXW¦OO¸LQQRSHDPPLQMD
SDUHPPLQXORV
ದ -RVNRQHWWDRQNDOOLVWHWWDYD¸OM\Q
SRLVWRDYDUWHQDQQDPRRWWRULQ
N¦\G¦QLLQNDXDQNXQQHVSROW
-
WRDLQHV¦LOL¸RQW\KM¦
2KMH
7RLPLWDYDQKD¸OM\¸OM\QVXRGDWLQ
K¦YLWHWW¦Y¦NVLYRLPDVVDROHYLHQ
\PS¦ULVW¸QVXRMHOXP¦¦U¦\VWHQ
PXNDLVHVWL6XRVLWXVWRLPLWDYDQKD
¸OM\WLLYLLVV¦V¦LOL¸VV¦M¦WH¸OM\Q
NHU¦\VSLVWHHVHHQOM\¦HLVDD
K¦YLWW¦¦VHNDM¦WWHLGHQPXNDQDWDL
NDDWDDPDDKDQMROORLQVHYDOXX
PDDSHU¦¦Q
OM\QYDLKWR
.XYD
$VHWDNRQHWDVDLVHHQSDLNNDDQ
MDYDUPLVWDVHQSDLNRLOODDQ
S\V\PLQHQ
,UURWD¸OM\QW¦\WW¸WXOSSD
9DOXWD¸OM\WDUNRLWXNVHHQ
VRSLYDDQWDOWHHQRWWRDVWLDDQ
ದ 2WDSRLV
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VXRMDWXOSSD
ದ .LHUU¦¸OM\QSRLVWRYHQWWLLOL¦
NLHUURVWDYDVWDS¦LY¦¦QMD
YHG¦VLW¦VDPDOODYDURYDVWL
HWHHQS¦LQ
2KMH
9RLWWDUYLWWDHVVDDVHQWDD
OLV¦YDUXVWHHQDVDDWDYDQ
¸OM\QSRLVWROHWNXQ
¸OM\QSRLVWRYHQWWLLOLLQ
ದ 6XOMH¸OM\QSRLVWRYHQWWLLOL6LW¦
YDUWHQW\¸QQ¦
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N¦¦QQ¦VLW¦VDPDOOD
 NLHUURVWDP\¸W¦S¦LY¦¦Q
7¦\W¦VXRVLWXNVHQPXNDLQHQ¸OM\
MDWDUNLVWD¸OM\P¦¦U¦
.LLQQLW¦¸OM\QW¦\WW¸WXOSSD
OM\QVXRGDWWLPHQYDLKWR
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}OM\QYDLKWRm
6XOMH¸OM\QSRLVWRYHQWWLLOL
,UURWD¸OM\QVXRGDWLQ
9RLWHOH¸OM\QVXRGDWWLPHQWLLYLVWH
RKXHOWLWXRUHHOOD¸OM\OO¦
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DLQDHQQHQ
N¦\WW¸¦
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N¦\WW¸WXQQLQM¦ONHHQ
NHUUDQN¦\WW¸NDXGHVVD
WDLWXQQLQY¦OHLQ
NHUUDQN¦\WW¸NDXGHVVD
WDLWXQQLQY¦OHLQ
7DUNLVWDPRRWWRUL¸OM\
9DLKGDPRRWWRUL¸OM\
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9DLKGD¸OM\QVXRGDWLQ
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7DUNLVWDV\W\W\VWXOSSD
+XROODV\W\W\VWXOSSD
3XKGLVWD
¦¦QHQYDLPHQWLPHQDOXH
3XKGLVWDPRRWWRULQVXRMXV
7DUNLVWDLOPDQSXKGLVWLQ
+XROODLOPDQSXKGLVWLQ

3XKGLVWDPRRWWRULQ
M¦¦KG\W\VULYDW
9DLKGD
SROWWRDLQHVXRGDWLQ
3XKGLVWDVRUPLVXRMD
!
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Moottorin käyttöohjekirja Suomi

$VHQQDXXVL¸OM\QVXRGDWLQ
ದ .LHUU¦¸OM\QVXRGDWLQ
SDLNDOOHHQN¦VLQNXQQHV
WLLYLVWHRQPRRWWRULNRWHORD
YDVWHQ
ದ .LULVW¦¸OM\QVXRGDWLQ
 1PWLXNNXXWHHQ
¸OM\QVXRGDWLQDYDLPHOODWDL
MDWNDNLULVW¦PLVW¦N¦VLQYLHO¦
NLHUURVWD
7¦\W¦¸OM\MDNLLQQLW¦
¸OM\QW¦\WW¸WXOSSDSDLNDOOHHQದ
NDWVR}OM\QYDLKWRm
.¦\QQLVW¦PRRWWRULMDDQQDVHQ
N¦\G¦KHWNHQ
6DPPXWDPRRWWRULMDDQQDVHQ
M¦¦KW\¦
7DUNLVWD¸OM\QVXRGDWWLPHQWLLYL\V
7DUNLVWD¸OM\P¦¦U¦MDNRUMDD
WDUYLWWDHVVDದNDWVR}OM\P¦¦U¦Q
WDUNDVWXVm
,OPDQVXRGDWWLPHQKXROWR
/LNDLQHQLOPDQSXKGLVWLQMDUUXWWDD
LOPDQNXONXDNDDVXWWLPHHQ
.DDVXWWLPHQPRLWWHHWWRPDQ
WRLPLQQDQYDUPLVWDPLVHNVLWXOHH
LOPDQSXKGLVWLQSXKGLVWDD
V¦¦QQ¸OOLVLQY¦OHLQ(ULWW¦LQS¸O\LVHW
N¦\WW¸RORVXKWHHWHGHOO\WW¦Y¦W
O\K\HPSL¦KXROWRY¦OHM¦
9DDUD
O¦SXKGLVWDLOPDQSXKGLVWLQWD
EHQVLLQLOO¦WDLOLXRWWLPLOODMRLGHQ
OHLPDKGXVSLVWHRQDOKDLQHQ
7XOLSDORMDU¦M¦KG\VYDDUD
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LOPDQSXKGLVWLQWD0RRWWRULVDDWWDD
YDXULRLWXDWDLNXOXPLQHQOLV¦¦QW\\
2KMH
3DSHULVXRGDWLQWDHLVDDSHVW¦
.XYD
7\¸YDLKHLVVD$HVLWHW¦¦Q
LOPDQVXRGDWWLPHQSXUNDPLQHQMD
DVHQWDPLQHQNXYLQD
$YDDPROHPPDWVLLSLPXWWHULWMD
LUURWDLOPDQSXKGLVWLPHQNDQVL
,UURWDVLLSLPXWWHULMDDOXVOHY\
LOPDQVXRGDWWLPHVWDMDRWDNRNR
LOPDQVXRGDWLQ SRLV
,UURWDYDDKWRPXRYLVXRGDWLQ
SDSHULVXRGDWWLPHVWD
9DLKGDSDSHULVXRGDWLQMRVVH
RQOLNDLQHQWDLYLRLWWXQXW
3XKGLVWD
YDDKWRPXRYLVXRGDWLQ YDLKGD
WLODOOHXXVLMRVVHRQYLRLWWXQXW
,UURWDYDDKWRPXRYLVXRGDWLQ
SDSHULVXRGDWWLPHVWDHQQHQ
SXKGLVWDPLVWDMDSXKGLVWDVH
O¦PSLP¦OO¦YHGHOO¦MRKRQRQ
OLV¦WW\WDYDOOLVWDNRWLWDORXGHVVD
N¦\WHWW¦Y¦¦SHVXDLQHWWD$QQD
NXLYXDNXQQROODHQQHQWDNDLVLQ
NLLQQLWW¦PLVW¦
2KMH
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NRVNDDQ¸OM\OO¦
.RNRDLOPDQSXKGLVWLQMDDVHWDVH
SDLNDOOHHQS\¸UH¦DXNNRNRKWD
LPXDXNNRDYDVWHQ
.LULVW¦LOPDQVXRGDWLQSDLNDOOHHQ
NRKGDVVD LUURWHWXOOD
VLLSLPXWWHULOODMDDOXVOHY\OO¦
.LLQQLW¦LOPDQSXKGLVWLPHQNDQVL
.LULVW¦PROHPPDWVLLSLPXWWHULW
N¦VLWLXNNXXWHHQ
6\W\W\VWXOSDQKXROWR
9DDUD
$QQDPRRWWRULQM¦¦KW\¦
O¦WDUNLVWDV\W\W\VNLSLQ¦¦
V\W\W\VWXOSDQROOHVVDLUURWHWWXQD
O¦N¦\QQLVW¦PRRWWRULD
V\W\W\VWXOSDQROOHVVDLUURWHWWXQD
-RWWDPRRWWRULN¦\NXQQROODWXOHH
V\W\W\VWXOSDQN¦UNLY¦OLQROOD
V¦¦GHWW\RLNHLQMDHOHNWURGLHQ
SXKWDLWD
.XYDMD
,UURLWDV\W\W\VWXOSDQOLLWLQMD
NLHUU¦V\W\W\VWXOSSDLUWLWXOSSD
DYDLPHOOD
7DUNLVWDV\W\W\VWXOSSD
VLOP¦P¦¦ULQ9DLKGDWXOSSDMRV
VHRQVHOY¦VWLNXOXQXWWDLHULVWH
YDXULRLWXQXW
-RVN¦\W¦WWXOSSDDXXGHOOHHQ
KDUMDDVHSXKWDDNVLWHU¦VKDUMDOOD
7DUNLVWDN¦UNLY¦OLUDNRWXONLOOD
.RUMDDN¦UNLY¦OLWDUYLWWDHVVD
WDLYXWWDPDOODKLHPDQHOHNWURGLD
.¦UNLY¦OLQWXOHHROODY¦OLOO¦MD
PPNXYD
7DUNLVWDV\W\W\VWXOSDQ
WLLYLVWHUHQNDDQNXQWRNLHUU¦
VLWWHQV\W\W\VWXOSSDN¦VLQNLLQQL
NLHUWHLGHQYLRLWWXPLVHQ
Y¦OWW¦PLVHNVL
.XQWXOSSDRQN¦VLNLUH\GHOO¦
NLULVW¦VHWXOSSDDYDLPHOOD
+XRPLR
O¦NLULVW¦V\W\W\VWXOSSDDOLLDQ
WLXNNDDQ1RXGDWDVHXUDDYLD
RKMHLWDWXOSSDDYDLPHOOD
NLULVWHWW¦HVV¦
ದ NLULVW¦XXWWDWXOSSDDNRUNHLQWDDQ
NLHUURVWD
ದ NLULVW¦N¦\WHWW\¦WXOSSDDNRU
-
NHLQWDDQ ದ  NLHUURVWD
9¦¦ULQNLULVWHWW\WXOSSDYRLO¦PPHW¦
OLLNDDMDYDXULRLWWDDPRRWWRULQ
3ROWWRDLQHVXRGDWWLPHQ
KXROWR
-¦W¦Q¦P¦KXROWRW\¸WYDOWXXWHWXQ
KXROWRNRUMDDPRQVXRULWHWWDYDNVL
KXROWRVXXQQLWHOPDQPXNDLVHVWL
0RRWWRULQSXKGLVWDPLQHQ
-RVPRRWWRULRQROOXWN¦\W¸VV¦
HQQHQSXKGLVWXVWDDQQDVHQ
M¦¦KW\¦Y¦KLQW¦¦QWXQQLQYHUUDQ
3RLVWDPRRWWRULVWDV¦¦QQ¸OOLVLQ
Y¦OHLQVLLKHQNHUW\Q\WOLND3XKGLVWD
VRUPLVXRMDMD¦¦QHQYDLPHQWLPHQ
DOXH.¦\W¦KDUMDDWDLSDLQHLOPDD
+XRPLR
O¦SXKGLVWDPRRWWRULDYHGHOO¦
VXLKNXWWDPDOODSROWWRDLQHHVHHQYRL
S¦¦VW¦HS¦SXKWDXNVLD
3XXWDUKDOHWNXVWDWDL
NRUNHDSDLQHSHVXULVWDWXOHYDDYHWW¦
VDDWWDDS¦¦VW¦SDNRDXNNRRQ
MROORLQPRRWWRULYRLYDXULRLWXD
9DDUD
¦QHQYDLPHQWLPHHQNHU¦¦QW\Q\W
OLNDVDDWWDDV\WW\¦SDODPDDQ
7DUNLVWDDLQDHQQHQN¦\WW¸¦VHQ
DOXHMDSXKGLVWD
!
!
!
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Suomi Moottorin käyttöohjekirja

6¦LO\WW¦PLQHQ
2KMH
9DUDVWRLQWLDMDQROOHVVD\OL
 S¦LY¦¦YRLWOLV¦W¦
SROWWRDLQHHVHHQVHQV¦LO\Y\\WW¦
SDUDQWDYDDOLV¦DLQHWWD
VWDELOLVDDWWRULD.¦¦QQ\
P\\M¦OLLNNHHQWDLO¦KLPP¦Q
YDOWXXWHWXQKXROWROLLNNHHQSXROHHQ
.XQPRRWWRULRQN¦\WW¦P¦WW¦\OL
 S¦LY¦¦W\KMHQQ¦SROWWRDLQH
SROWWRDLQHV¦LOL¸VW¦MRWWHL
SROWWRDLQHM¦UMHVWHOP¦¦QMD
NDDVXWWLPHHQS¦¦VH
PXRGRVWXPDDQNHUURVWXPLD
.¦\W¦PRRWWRULDNXQQHV
SROWWRDLQHV¦LOL¸VV¦HLROHHQ¦¦
SROWWRDLQHWWDMDPRRWWRUL
VDPPXX
9DLKGD¸OM\.DWVR}OM\QYDLKWRm
,UURWDV\W\W\VWXOSSDMDNDDGD
 POPRRWWRUL¸OM\¦V\OLQWHULLQ
.LLQQLW¦V\W\W\VWXOSSDMDYHG¦
KLWDDVWLN¦\QQLVW\VNDKYDVWDMRWWD
¸OM\OHYL¦¦WDVDLVHVWL
3RLVWDOLNDPRRWWRULVWD
VRUPLVXRMDQDOWDVHN¦
¦¦QHQYDLPHQWLPHVWDVHQDOWDMD
WDNDD9RLWHOHNHY\HVWLUXRVWHHOOH
DOWWLLWDOXHHW
6¦LO\W¦PRRWWRULDSXKWDDVVDMD
NXLYDVVDSDLNDVVDMRVVDRQK\Y¦
LOPDQYDLKWRO¦V¦LO\W¦ODLWWHLGHQ
MRLVVDRQDYROLHNNLWDLYDURLWXVYDOR
HVLPO¦PPLW\VODLWWHLGHQ
YHGHQO¦PPLWWLPLHQWDL
NXLYDXVUXPSXMHQO¦KHLV\\GHVV¦
9¦OW¦P\¸VWLORMDMRLKLQRQVLMRLWHWWX
NLSLQ¸LW¦V\QQ\WW¦Y¦V¦KN¸PRRWWRUL
WDLV¦KN¸W\¸NDOXMD
0LN¦OLPDKGROOLVWDY¦OW¦P\¸V
YDUDVWRLQWLWLORMDMRLGHQ
LOPDQNRVWHXVRQNRUNHDNRVND
VHHGLVW¦¦UXRVWHHQ
PXRGRVWXPLVWDMDNRUURRVLRWD
6¦LO\W¦NRQHWWDWDVDLVHVVD
SDLNDVVD-RVNRQHRQNDOOHOODDQ
SROWWRDLQHWWDWDL¸OM\¦YRLYDOXD
XORV
7RLPHQSLWHHWSLWHPP¦Q
YDUDVWRLQWLDMDQM¦ONHHQ
7DUNLVWDPRRWWRULNXWHQ
NRKGDVVD}7DUNDVWXVHQQHQ
N¦\WW¸¦mQHXYRWDDQ
7¦\W¦SROWWRDLQHV¦LOL¸WXRUHHOOD
EHQVLLQLOO¦MRVV¦LOL¸W\KMHQQHWWLLQ
HQQHQYDUDVWRLQWLD-RV
WDQNNDDPLVHHQN¦\WHWW¦Y¦
EHQVLLQLRQEHQVLLQLNDQLVWHULVVD
YDUPLVWDHWW¦VHRQWXRUHWWD
-RVV\OLQWHUL¸OM\WWLLQYDUDVWRLQQLQ
DMDNVLPRRWWRULVDYXWWDD
VHXUDDYDQNHUUDQ
N¦\QQLVWHWW¦HVV¦7¦P¦RQDLYDQ
QRUPDDOLD
7DNXX
7DNXXRQPDDNRKWDLQHQ7DNXXQ
P\¸QQ¦PPHPHWDLPDDKDQWXRMD
.RUYDDPPHPDNVXWWD
WDNXXHKWRMHQSXLWWHLVVDPDWHULDDOL
MDYDOPLVWXVYLUKHLVW¦DLKHXWXQHHW
K¦LUL¸W7DNXXWDSDXNVLVVDRQ
RWHWWDYD\KWH\VP\\M¦OLLNNHHVHHQ
WDLYDOWXXWHWWXXQKXROWROLLNNHHVHHQ
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Moottorin käyttöohjekirja Suomi

9LDQHWVLQW¦
2KMH
0LN¦OLPXXWNXLQHGHOO¦LOPRLWHWXWNRUMDXNVHWRYDWWDUSHHQN¦¦QQ\O¦KLPP¦QYDOWXXWHWXQKXROORQSXROHHQ
2KMH
0DOOLVWDULLSSXHQPRRWWRULQK¦LUL¸LVW¦LOPRLWHWDDQPHUNNLYDOROODWDLYLUKHLOPRLWXNVHOOD(QJLQHODLWWHHQ
PHUNNLYDORSDQHHOLVVD2WDVLLQ¦WDSDXNVHVVD\KWH\WW¦M¦OOHHQP\\M¦¦VLMROODRQDVLDNDVSDOYHOXY¦OLQHLVW¸
9LND 0DKGROOLQHQV\\ 7RLPLQ¦LQ
0RRWWRULHLN¦\QQLVW\ 6¦LOL¸VV¦HLROHSROWWRDLQHWWD 7¦\W¦WDQNNLXXGHOODMDO\LM\WW¸P¦OO¦
SROWWRDLQHHOOD
3ROWWRDLQHRQYDQKDD /DVNHYDQKDSROWWRDLQHXONRQDVRSLYDDQ
DVWLDDQ7¦\W¦WDQNNLXXGHOODMD
O\LM\WW¸P¦OO¦SROWWRDLQHHOOD
6\W\W\VWXOSDQOLLWLQHLROHSDLNRLOODDQ .LLQQLW¦V\W\W\VWXOSDQOLLWLQWXOSSDDQ
6\W\W\VWXOSSDRQOLNDLQHQWDLULNNL 3XKGLVWDV\W\W\VWXOSSD
.RUMDDN¦UNLY¦OLWDLYDLKGDV\W\W\VWXOSSD
.DDVXYLSXHLROHDVHQQRVVD $VHWDNDDVXYLSXDVHQWRRQ
%HQVLLQLOHWNXRQWXNRVVD 3XKGLVWDEHQVLLQLOHWNX
6XODNHYLDOOLQHQ 9DLKGDWXWDVXODNNHHQWLODOOHXXVL
6¦KN¸N¦\QQLVWLQYLDOOLQHQ 7DUNLVWXWDV¦KN¸N¦\QQLVWLQ
0RRWWRULRQN\OP¦ULNDVWLQWDPLN¦OL
VHOODLQHQRQHLROHN¦\WHWW\
.¦\W¦ULNDVWLQWD
0RRWWRULN¦\
HS¦WDVDLVHVWL
NDWNRQDLVHVWL
6\W\W\VWXOSDQOLLWLQRQK¸OO¦VWLSDLNRLOODDQ /DLWDOLLWLQNXQQROODSDLNRLOOHHQ
3ROWWRDLQHRQYDQKDD
9HWW¦WDLOLNDDSROWWRDLQHM¦UMHVWHOP¦VV¦
/DVNHYDQKDSROWWRDLQHXONRQDVRSLYDDQ
DVWLDDQ7¦\W¦WDQNNLXXGHOODMD
O\LM\WW¸P¦OO¦SROWWRDLQHHOOD
6\W\W\VWXOSSDNXOXQXWYLDOOLQHQWDLOLLDQ
VXXULN¦UNLY¦OL
.RUMDDN¦UNLY¦OLWDLYDLKGDV\W\W\VWXOSSD
7DQNLQNRUNLQLOPDUHLN¦WXNRVVD 3XKGLVWDNRUNLQLOPDUHLN¦
,OPDQVXRGDWLQOLNDLQHQ 3XKGLVWDWDLYDLKGDLOPDQSXKGLVWLQ
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ǼȜȜȘȞȚțȐ ȅįȘȖȓİȢ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ IJȠȣ ȝȠIJȑȡ

ˎˢˮ˦ˢ˴˹˩ˢ˪˞
˔ˮ˛˰ˤ˱ˬ˲ˢˠ˴ˢ˦ˮ˦ˡ˜ˬ˲
ˁ˦˞˱ˤ˪˞˰˳˙˨ˢ˦˙˰˞˯
ː˱ˬ˦˴ˢ˜˞˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˍˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˰˴ˢ˱˦˧˙˩ˢ˱ˤ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞ 
ː˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤˈ˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˯
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˯˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞ 
ʿ˭ˬ˥˛˧ˢ˲˰ˤ
˃ˠˠ˺ˤ˰ˤ 
ʿ˪˞ˣ˛˱ˤ˰ˤ˰˳˞˨˩˙˱˶˪
˔ˮ˛˰ˤ˱ˬ˲ˢˠ˴ˢ˦ˮ˦ˡ˜ˬ˲
˖˯˴ˮ˛˰˱ˤ˯˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯˞˲˱ˬ˺
ˡ˦˞˟˙˰˱ˢ˧˞˨˙˭ˮ˦˪˱ˤ˪˭ˮ˻˱ˤ˴ˮ˛˰ˤ
˞˲˱˚˯˱˦˯ˬˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺ˑˤˮ˛˰˱ˢ
˱˦˯ˬˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˧˞˦˳˲˨˙˫˱ˢ˱ˢ˯ˠ˦˞
˩ˢ˱˚˭ˢ˦˱˞˴ˮ˛˰ˤˊˤ˪ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱ˢ
˭ˬ˱˚˰ˢ˭˞˦ˡ˦˙˛˙˨˨˞˭ˮ˹˰˶˭˞˱˞
ˬ˭ˬ˜˞ˡˢ˪ˠ˪˶ˮ˜ˣˬ˲˪˱˦˯ˬˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯
˞˲˱˚˯˪˞˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˬ˺˪˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ʶ˱ˬ˩˞ˤ˨˦˧˜˞˯˧˙˱˶˱˶˪ ˢ˱˻˪ˡˢ˪
ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱˞˦˪˞˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˣˬ˪˱˞˦˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˍ˦˱ˬ˭˦˧˚˯ˡ˦˞˱˙˫ˢ˦˯
˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˪˪˞˧˞˥ˬˮ˜˰ˬ˲˪˱ˤ˪
˧˞˱˻˱ˢˮˤˤ˨˦˧˜˞˱ˬ˲˴ˮ˛˰˱ˤ
ː˞˲˱˚˯˱˦˯ˬˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˭ˢˮ˦˚˴ˬ˪˱˞˦
˲˭ˬˡˢ˜˫ˢ˦˯˞˰˳˞˨ˢ˜˞˯ˬ˦ˬ˭ˬ˜ˢ˯
ದ ˢ˭˦˰ˤ˩˞˜˪ˬ˲˪˧˦˪ˡ˺˪ˬ˲˯˰ˢ˰˴˚˰ˤ
˩ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ದ ˢ˭˦˰ˤ˩˞˜˪ˬ˲˪˧˦˪ˡ˺˪ˬ˲˯
˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺
ದ ˡˢ˜˴˪ˬ˲˪˭˻˯˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞
˞˭ˬ˳ˢ˲˴˥ˢ˜˛˪˞˩ˢ˦˶˥ˢ˜ˬ˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺
ˍ˦˲˭ˬˡˢ˜˫ˢ˦˯˞˰˳˞˨ˢ˜˞˯˰˞˲˱˚˯˱˦˯
ˬˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴˞ˮ˞˧˱ˤˮ˜ˣˬ˪˱˞˦˶˯ˢ˫˛˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
˃˭˦˰ˤ˩˞˜˪ˢ˦˙˩ˢ˰ˤ˞˭ˢ˦˨˛˧˦˪ˡ˺˪ˬ˲
ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˩ˤ˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˯˱ˤ˯
˲˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ˯˲˳˜˰˱˞˱˞˦˞˭ˢ˦˨˛˥˞˪˙˱ˬ˲
˛˟˞ˮ˺˱˞˱ˬ˲˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
˃˭˦˰ˤ˩˞˜˪ˢ˦ˢ˭˦˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˤ˧˞˱˙˰˱˞˰ˤ
ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˩ˤ˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˯˱ˤ˯
˲˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ˯˲˳˜˰˱˞˱˞˦ˤ˭˦˥˞˪˹˱ˤ˱˞
˧˦˪ˡ˺˪ˬ˲ˢ˨˞˳ˮˬ˺˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺˛
˲˨˦˧˻˪ˣˤ˩˦˻˪
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
˃˭˦˰ˤ˩˞˜˪ˢ˦˲˭ˬˡˢ˜˫ˢ˦˯ˢ˳˞ˮ˩ˬˠ˛˯
˧˞˦˰ˤ˩˞˪˱˦˧˚˯˭˨ˤˮˬ˳ˬˮ˜ˢ˯
ː˱ˬ˦˴ˢ˜˞˰˱ˬ˭ˢˮ˜˟˨ˤ˩˞˱ˬ˲
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
˃˦˧˹˪˞
ˑ˞˰˱ˬ˦˴ˢ˜˞˞˲˱˙ˢ˜˪˞˦˭ˬ˨˺
˰ˤ˩˞˪˱˦˧˙ˠ˦˞˱ˤ˪˩ˢ˱˚˭ˢ˦˱˞
˞˪˞ˠ˪˻ˮ˦˰ˤ˧˞˱˙˱ˤ˪˭˞ˮ˞ˠˠˢ˨˜˞
˞˪˱˞˨˨˞˧˱˦˧˻˪˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯˧˞˦
ˠ˦˞˱ˤ˪˲˭ˤˮˢ˰˜˞˱ˢ˴˪˦˧˛˯
ˢ˫˲˭ˤˮ˚˱ˤ˰ˤ˯˭ˢ˨˞˱˻˪ʿ˪˞ˠˮ˙˵˱ˢ
˹˨˞˱˞˰˱ˬ˦˴ˢ˜˞˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˰˱ˬ
˭ˢˡ˜ˬ˃˦˧
ˁ˦˞˱ˤ˪˞˰˳˙˨ˢ˦˙˰˞˯
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ʿ˧ˬ˨ˬ˺˥˶˯ˠ˜˪ˢ˱˞˦˞˪˞˳ˬˮ˙ˠˢ˪˦˧˙
˰˱ˬರ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ರˍ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˩˭ˬˮˢ˜
˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱ˤ˩˚˪ˬ˯˰ˢˡ˦˙˳ˬˮ˞
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱˞
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ʿ˧ˬ˨ˬ˲˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˹˨ˢ˯˱˦˯˲˭ˬˡˢ˜˫ˢ˦˯
˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˧˞˦˞˰˳˞˨ˢ˜˞˯˱˶˪ˬˡˤˠ˦˻˪
˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯˰˱ˬ
ˬ˭ˬ˜ˬˢ˜˪˞˦˰˲˪˞ˮ˩ˬ˨ˬˠˤ˩˚˪ˬ˯ˬ
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˞˲˱˹˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˚˧ˮˤ˫ˤ˯˧˞˦˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
˭˲ˮ˧˞ˠ˦˙˯
˅˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˧˞˦ˬ˦˞˱˩ˬ˜˱ˤ˯˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˯
ˢ˜˪˞˦˙˧ˮ˶˯˞˪˞˳˨˚˫˦˩ˬ˦˧˞˦
ˢ˧ˮˤ˧˱˦˧ˬ˜ʿ˭˹˭˲ˮ˧˞ˠ˦˙˛˚˧ˮˤ˫ˤ
˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞˭ˮˬ˧˺˵ˬ˲˪˟˞ˮ˦ˬ˜
˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˜˛˥˙˪˞˱ˬ˦ːˢ
˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲˴˲˥ˢ˜˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˰˱ˬ
˰˻˩˞˛˱˞ˮˬ˺˴˞˭˨˺˪˱ˢ˞˩˚˰˶˯˱ˬ
ˡ˚ˮ˩˞˧˞˦˞˨˨˙˫˱ˢ˱˞ˮˬ˺˴˞
ದ ˁ˦˞˱ˤ˰˲˩˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˧˞˲˰˜˩˶˪
˰˟˛˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˧˞˦˱ˬ˪
˞˳˛˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˲˨˙˴˦˰˱ˬ˪ˢ˭˜ˡ˺ˬ˨ˢ˭˱˙
˪˞˧ˮ˲˻˰ˢ˦˭ˮˬ˱ˬ˺˞˪ˬ˜˫ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ
˧˞˭˙˧˦˱ˬ˲ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
ದ ˁˢ˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˩ˢ˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ
˩˹˪ˬ˰˱ˬ˺˭˞˦˥ˮˬ˛˰ˢ˧˞˨˙
˞ˢˮ˦ˣ˹˩ˢ˪ˬ˴˻ˮˬ
ದ ˔ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˩˹˪ˬ˪ˢˠ˧ˢ˧ˮ˦˩˚˪ˬ
ˡˬ˴ˢ˜ˬ˧˞˲˰˜˩˶˪
ದ ˊˤˠˢ˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚ˡˬ˴ˢ˜ˬ˰ˢ˹˴ˤ˩˞
˪˱˞˨˜˧˞˛˰ˢˢ˭˦˧˞˥˛˩ˢ˪ˬ˩ˢ
˭˨˞˰˱˦˧˛ˢ˭˚˪ˡ˲˰ˤʿ˭ˬ˥˚˱ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ
ˡˬ˴ˢ˜ˬˠ˦˞˱ˬˠ˚˩˦˰˩˞˭˙˪˱ˬ˱ˢ˰˱ˬ
ˡ˙˭ˢˡˬ˧˞˦˰ˢ˞ˮ˧ˢ˱˛˞˭˹˰˱˞˰ˤ
˞˭˹˱ˬ˹˴ˤ˩˞
ದ ˈ˞˱˙˱ˬˡ˲˪˞˱˹˪˞˭ˬ˩˞˧ˮ˺˪ˢ˱ˢ˱˞
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱˞˭ˬ˲˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠˬ˺˪˩ˢ
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˞˭˹˱ˬ˳ˬˮ˱ˤˠ˹˛˱ˬ
ˢ˭˦˧˞˥˛˩ˢ˪ˬ˧˞˦˰˲˩˭˨ˤˮ˻˪ˢ˱ˢ
˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˰˱ˬˡ˙˭ˢˡˬʿ˪˞˲˱˹ˡˢ˪
ˢ˜˪˞˦ˡ˲˪˞˱˹˪˰˲˩˭˨ˤˮ˻˪ˢ˱ˢ
˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˰ˢ˱˚˱ˬ˦˞˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱˞˩ˢ
ˡˬ˴ˢ˜ˬ˞˪˱˜˞˭ˢ˲˥ˢ˜˞˯˩ˢ˱ˬ˪
˰˶˨˛˪˞˞˪ˢ˳ˬˡ˦˞˰˩ˬ˺˧˞˲˰˜˩˶˪
˰˱ˬ˟ˢ˪ˣ˦˪˙ˡ˦˧ˬ
ದ ʿ˳˛˪ˢ˱ˢ˭˙˪˱ˬ˱ˢ˱ˬˮ˺ˠ˴ˬ˯˱ˬ˲
˰˶˨˛˪˞˞˪ˢ˳ˬˡ˦˞˰˩ˬ˺˧˞˲˰˜˩˶˪
˪˞˞˧ˬ˲˩˭˙ˢ˦˰˱ˤ˪˙˧ˮˤ˱ˬ˲
˰˱ˬ˩˜ˬ˲˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯˰˱ˬ
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˛˰˱ˬˡˬ˴ˢ˜ˬ˩˚˴ˮ˦˪˞
ˠˢ˩˜˰ˢ˦˭˨˛ˮ˶˯˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˛˱ˬ
ˡˬ˴ˢ˜ˬˊˤ˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˬ˪
˩ˬ˴˨˹˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˻˩˞˱ˬ˯ˠ˦˞˱ˤ˪
˞˲˱˹˩˞˱ˤ˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ
ದ ˊˤ˪˭˞ˮ˞ˠˢ˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
ː˱˞˩˞˱˙˱ˢ˩˚˴ˮ˦˭ˢˮˡ˺ˬˢ˧˞˱ˬ˰˱˙
˧˙˱˶˞˭˹˱ˤ˟˙˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˰˱ˬ˩˜ˬ˲
˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯ˬ˺˱˶˯˻˰˱ˢ˪˞˩˭ˬˮˢ˜
˪˞ˡ˦˞˰˱˞˨ˢ˜˱ˬ˧˞˺˰˦˩ˬ
ದ ˈˮ˞˱˙˱ˢ˱˞˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˩˞˧ˮ˦˙˞˭˹
˰˭˦˪˥˛ˮˢ˯˞˪ˬ˦˴˱˛˳˨˹ˠ˞
˭ˮˬˢ˦ˡˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˱˦˧˚˯˨˲˴˪˜ˢ˯˭ˤˠ˚˯
˥ˢˮ˩˹˱ˤ˱˞˯˧˞˦˙˨˨ˢ˯˭ˤˠ˚˯
˞˪˙˳˨ˢ˫ˤ˯
ದ ˊˤˠˢ˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱˞˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱˞˩ˢ
˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˭ˬ˱˚˩˚˰˞˰ˢ˧˨ˢ˦˰˱ˬ˺˯
˴˻ˮˬ˲˯ˢ˭ˢ˦ˡ˛˰˴ˤ˩˞˱˜ˣˬ˪˱˞˦
ˢ˺˳˨ˢ˧˱ˬ˦˞˱˩ˬ˜
ದ ˊˤ˪˧˞˭˪˜ˣˢ˱ˢ
ದ ˃˨˚ˠ˴ˢ˱ˢ˰˲˴˪˙˱ˬ˲˯˞ˠ˶ˠˬ˺˯
˧˞˲˰˜˩˶˪˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˱ˬ
˧˞˭˙˧˦˱ˬ˲ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˧˞˦˱ˬ
˰ˤ˩ˢ˜ˬ˚˪˶˰ˤ˯ˠ˦˞ˮ˶ˠ˩˚˯˛˩ˤ
˰˱ˢˠ˞˪˙˰ˤ˩ˢ˜˞˃˪ˡˢ˴ˬ˩˚˪˶˯˱˞
˞˨˨˙ˣˢ˱ˢ
ದ ˁ˦˞˱ˤ˪ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˡ˦˞˰˳˞˨˜˰˱ˢ˹˱˦ˢ˜˪˞˦
˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱ˤ˩˚˪˞˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜ˤ
ˢ˫˙˱˩˦˰ˤ˱ˬ˧˞˭˙˧˦˱ˬ˲
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˧˞˦˱ˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˞˚ˮ˞
ದ ˊˤ˪˞˪˙˵ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˴˶ˮ˜˯
˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱ˤ˩˚˪ˬ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
ದ ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲˴˺˥ˤ˧˞˪
˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˭ˢˮ˦˩˚˪ˢ˱ˢ˪˞
ˢ˫˞˱˩˦˰˱ˬ˺˪˭ˮˬ˱ˬ˺˞˪˙˵ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ದ ˈ˞˱˙˱ˤ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˩ˤ˴˞˪ˤ˩˙˱˶˪
˩ˤˠ˚ˮ˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˛˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˚˱˰˦˻˰˱ˢ˪˞˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˪
˪˞ˢ˫˚˨˥ˬ˲˪˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
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background
ȅįȘȖȓİȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢIJȠȣȝȠIJȑȡ ǼȜȜȘȞȚțȐ

ದ ˁ˦˞˱ˬ˰˟˛˰˦˩ˬ˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˩ˤ
˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˬ˱˰ˬ˧
ದ ˊˢ˱˞˳˚ˮˢ˱ˢ˱˞˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱˞˭˙˪˱ˬ˱ˢ
˩ˢ˙ˡˢ˦ˬ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
ದ ˊˤ˳˲˨˙˱ˢ˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˛˱˞˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱˞
˩ˢˠˢ˩˙˱ˬ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˧ˬ˪˱˙˰ˢ
ˢˠ˧˞˱˞˰˱˙˰ˢ˦˯˧˞˨ˬˮ˦˳˚ˮ
˥ˢˮ˩˙˰˱ˮˢ˯˥ˢˮ˩ˬ˰˜˳˶˪ˢ˯˛˙˨˨ˢ˯
˰˲˰˧ˢ˲˚˯ˬ˦ˬ˭ˬ˜ˢ˯ˡ˦˞˥˚˱ˬ˲˪˙˨˨ˢ˯
˭ˤˠ˚˯˞˪˙˳˨ˢ˫ˤ˯˭ˬ˲˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˪˪˞
˞˪˞˳˨ˢˠˬ˺˪˞˭˹˱ˬ˲˯˞˱˩ˬ˺˯
˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˚˧ˮˤ˫ˤ˯˧˞˦˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
˭
˲ˮ˧˞ˠ˦˙˯
ˈ˞˱˙˱ˤ˪ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
˰˴ˤ˩˞˱˜ˣˬ˪˱˞˦˰˭˦˪˥˛ˮˢ˯ʿ˭˹˞˲˱ˬ˺˯
˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˪˪˞˞˪˞˳˨ˢˠˬ˺˪ˢ˺˳˨ˢ˧˱ˬ˦
˞˱˩ˬ˜˭ˬ˲˟ˮ˜˰˧ˬ˪˱˞˦˧ˬ˪˱˙ʿ˲˱˹
˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞˭ˮˬ˫ˢ˪˛˰ˢ˦˚˧ˮˤ˫ˤ˛
˭˲ˮ˧˞ˠ˦˙
ದ ˊˤ˪˞˪˙˵ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˧ˬ˪˱˙˰ˢ
˴˞˨˞˰˩˚˪ˢ˯ˢˠ˧˞˱˞˰˱˙˰ˢ˦˯˞ˢˮ˜ˬ˲
ದ ˊˤ˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰ˢ˱ˢ˟ˬˤ˥˛˩˞˱˞
ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯˭ˬ˲˟ˮ˜˰˧ˬ˪˱˞˦˲˭˹
˭˜ˢ˰ˤˢ˭ˢ˦ˡ˛ˬ˦˞˱˩ˬ˜˱ˬ˲˯ˢ˜˪˞˦
ˢ˺˳˨ˢ˧˱ˬ˦
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˞˰˳˲˫˜˞˯
ˍ˦˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮˢ˯ˢ˧˨˺ˬ˲˪˩ˬ˪ˬ˫ˢ˜ˡ˦ˬ˱ˬ˲
˙˪˥ˮ˞˧˞˱ˬˬ˭ˬ˜ˬˢ˜˪˞˦˚˪˞˙ˬ˰˩ˬ˧˞˦
˙˴ˮ˶˩ˬˡˤ˨ˤ˱ˤˮ˦˻ˡˢ˯˞˚ˮ˦ˬ
˅ˢ˦˰˭˪ˬ˛˩ˬ˪ˬ˫ˢ˦ˡ˜ˬ˲˱ˬ˲˙˪˥ˮ˞˧˞
˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞ˬˡˤˠ˛˰ˢ˦˰ˢ˜˨˦ˠˠˬ˞˭˻˨ˢ˦˞
˱˶˪˞˦˰˥˛˰ˢ˶˪˛˰˱ˬ˥˙˪˞˱ˬ
ದ ʿ˪˙˟ˢ˱ˢ˧˞˦˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˬ˪
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˩˹˪ˬ˪˚˫˶˞˭˹˧˱˜ˮ˦˞
ದ ˊˤ˪˞˪˙˟ˢ˱ˢ˧˞˦˩ˤ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˬ˪
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˰ˢ˧˨ˢ˦˰˱ˬ˺˯˴˻ˮˬ˲˯
˞˧˹˩˞˧˦˹˱˞˪ˢ˜˪˞˦˞˪ˬ˦˴˱˙˭˹ˮ˱ˢ˯˛
˭˞ˮ˙˥˲ˮ˞
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺
˅˞˥˚˨ˤ˱ˤˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞
ˬˡˤˠ˛˰ˢ˦˰ˢ˟˞ˮ˦ˬ˺˯˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺˯˛
˞˪˱˜˰˱ˬ˦˴˞˰ˢ˭˲ˮ˧˞ˠ˦˙˛
ˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮˬ˭˨ˤ˫˜˞
ದ ˎˮ˦˪˞˭˹˹˨ˢ˯˱˦˯ˢˮˠ˞˰˜ˢ˯˹˭˶˯
˭˴ˢˮˠ˞˰˜ˢ˯ˮ˺˥˩˦˰ˤ˯˛
ˢ˭˦˰˧ˢ˲˻˪˱ˮ˞˟˙˱ˢ˭˙˪˱ˬ˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩˭ˬ˲ˣˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ˞˭˹˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜˧˞˦
˱ˬ˧ˮ˞˱˙˱ˢ˩˞˧ˮ˦˙˞˭˹˞˲˱˹
ದ ˁ˦˞ˡˬ˧˦˩˚˯˞˪˙˳˨ˢ˫ˤ˯
˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˩˹˪ˬ˪ˢˠ˧ˢ˧ˮ˦˩˚˪ˤ
˰˲˰˧ˢ˲˛ˢ˨˚ˠ˴ˬ˲˞˪˙˳˨ˢ˫ˤ˯
ದ ˊˤ˪˧˙˪ˢ˱ˢˡˬ˧˦˩˚˯˞˪˙˳˨ˢ˫ˤ˯˩ˢ
˟ˠ˞˨˩˚˪ˬ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯ˢˠ˧˞˲˩˙˱˶˪ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
˭
˲ˮ˧˞ˠ˦˙˯
ˍ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˭˞ˮ˙ˠˢ˦˥ˢˮ˩˹˱ˤ˱˞˹˱˞˪
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠˢ˜ˊ˚ˮˤ˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
˦ˡ˦˞˜˱ˢˮ˞ˤˢ˫˙˱˩˦˰ˤ˥ˢˮ˩˞˜˪ˬ˪˱˞˦
˲˭ˢˮ˟ˬ˨˦˧˙ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤˢ˭˞˳˛˯
˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˪˪˞˭ˮˬ˧˺˵ˬ˲˪˰ˬ˟˞ˮ˙
ˢˠ˧˞˺˩˞˱˞
˃˺˧˞˲˰˱˞˫˚˪˞˰˻˩˞˱˞˹˭˶˯˳˺˨˨˞
˴˨˹ˤ˥˙˩˪ˬ˦˧˱˨˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˪˪˞
˭˦˙˰ˬ˲˪˳˶˱˦˙
ದ ʿ˳˛˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˪ˢ˫˙˱˩˦˰ˤ˱ˬ˧˲˨˦˪ˡˮ˦˧˹
˩˭˨ˬ˧˧˞˦˱˞˭˱ˢˮ˺ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˲˵˲ˠˢ˜ˬ˲
˪˞˧ˮ˲˻˪ˬ˲˪˧˞˨˙˭ˮˬ˱ˬ˺˱˞
˞ˠˠ˜˫ˢ˱ˢ
ದ ˈˮ˞˱˙˱ˢ˱˞˭˞˦ˡ˦˙˩˞˧ˮ˦˙˞˭˹˱ˬ˪
˧˞˲˱˹˛˱ˬ˪˞˪˞˩˩˚˪ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ದ ʿ˭ˬ˩˞˧ˮ˺˪ˢ˱ˢ˱˞ˢ˺˧˞˲˰˱˞˫˚˪˞
˰˻˩˞˱˞˞˭˹˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛˱ˤ˯
ˢ˫˙˱˩˦˰ˤ˯˧˞˦˱ˬ˲˧˲˨˜˪ˡˮˬ˲
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯ˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮˬ˭˨ˤ˫˜˞˯
ˈ
˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˭˲ˮ˧˞ˠ˦˙˯
ˍ˦˰˭˦˪˥˛ˮˢ˯˞˪˙˳˨ˢ˫ˤ˯˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˪˪˞
˭ˮˬ˫ˢ˪˛˰ˬ˲˪˳˶˱˦˙˛ˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮˬ˭˨ˤ˫˜˞
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺
ˑ˞˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮˢ˳˹˩ˢ˪˞˩˚ˮˤ˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˪˪˞
˚ˮ˥ˬ˲˪˰ˢˢ˭˞˳˛˛˪˞˱ˮ˞˟˛˫ˬ˲˪˱˞
˴˚ˮ˦˞˭˹ˡ˦˞˩˞˨˨˦˙ˮˬ˺˴˞˛˩˚ˮˤ
ˮˬ˺˴˶˪ʿ˲˱˹˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞ˬˡˤˠ˛˰ˢ˦˰ˢ
˰ˬ˟˞ˮ˙˱ˮ˞˺˩˞˱˞
ದ ˉˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˩˹˪ˬ˩ˢ
ˢˠ˧˞˱ˢ˰˱ˤ˩˚˪ˢ˯˱˦˯˭ˮˬ˰˱˞˱ˢ˲˱˦˧˚˯
ˡ˦˞˱˙˫ˢ˦˯
ದ ˈˮ˞˱˙˱ˢ˩˞˧ˮ˦˙˱˞˴˚ˮ˦˞˧˞˦˱˞
˭˹ˡ˦˞˞˭˹˱˞˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮˢ˳˹˩ˢ˪˞
˩˚ˮˤ
ದ ˎˮ˦˪˱ˤ˪ˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞ˡ˚˪ˢ˱ˢ˱˞˩˞˧ˮ˦˙
˩˞˨˨˦˙˧˞˦˟ˠ˙ˣˢ˱ˢ˱˞˧ˬ˰˩˛˩˞˱˞
ದ ˊˤ˳ˬˮ˙˱ˢ˳˞ˮˡ˦˙ˮˬ˺˴˞
˧ˬˮˡ˹˪˦˞˭ˬ˲˧ˮ˚˩ˬ˪˱˞˦˛˩˚ˮˤ˭ˬ˲
˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˪˪˞˭˦˞˰˱ˬ˺˪˰˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ದ ˍ˦˞˭ˢ˲˥ˢ˜˞˯˰˲˪ˡˢ˩˚˪ˢ˯
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˦˧˚˯˩ˬ˪˙ˡˢ˯˹˭˶˯˩˞˴˞˜ˮ˦
˧ˬ˭˛˯˳˱ˢˮ˶˱˛˩˚ˮˤ˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯˧˱˨
˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦˰˱ˢˮˢ˶˩˚˪˞˩ˢ
˞˰˳˙˨ˢ˦˞
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˨˹ˠ˶ˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮˬ˭˨ˤ˫˜˞˯
˰
ˢ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮˢ˯˩ˢˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ
ˤ
˨ˢ˧˱ˮ˦˧˛˯ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯
ʻ˱˞˪ˢ˜˪˞˦ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˩˚˪ˤˤ
˞˪˙˳˨ˢ˫ˤ˛˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠˢ˜ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
˩ˤ˪˞ˠˠ˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚ˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮ˦˧˙˧˞˨˻ˡ˦˞˛
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˦˧˙˩˚ˮˤˊ˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞
˭ˮˬ˧˞˨˚˰ˢ˱ˢˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮˬ˭˨ˤ˫˜˞
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺˄ˤ˩˦˚˯
˰
˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
˂ˢ˪ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱˞˦˪˞ˠ˜˪ˬ˲˪˞˨˨˞ˠ˚˯
˰˱˦˯ˮ˲˥˩˜˰ˢ˦˯˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˭ˬ˲
˚˴ˬ˲˪ˠ˜˪ˢ˦˭ˮˬ˧˞˱˞ˮ˧˱˦˧˙˞˭˹˱ˬ
ˢˮˠˬ˰˱˙˰˦ˬ
ː˺˩˟ˬ˨˞˰˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ː˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˟ˮ˜˰˧ˬ˪˱˞˦˲˭ˬˡˢ˜˫ˢ˦˯
˞˰˳˞˨ˢ˜˞˯˧˞˦˭ˮˬˢ˦ˡˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˱˦˧˚˯
˲˭ˬˡˢ˜˫ˢ˦˯ˬ˦ˬ˭ˬ˜ˢ˯˭˞ˮ˦˰˱˙˪ˬ˪˱˞˦
˩ˢ˰˺˩˟ˬ˨˞˛ˢ˦˧ˬ˪ˬˠˮ˙˩˩˞˱˞ˑ˞
˰˺˩˟ˬ˨˞˚˴ˬ˲˪˞˪˞˨˲˱˦˧˙˱ˤ˪ˢ˫˛˯
˰ˤ˩˞˰˜˞
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
ˎˮˬˢ˦ˡˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤˠ˦˞
˭ˤˠ˛˧˦˪ˡ˺˪ˬ˲
ˎˮ˦˪˱ˤ˥˚˰ˤ˰ˢ
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞ˡ˦˞˟˙˰˱ˢ˱˦˯
ˬˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˮ˛˰ˤ˯
ˎˮˬˢ˦ˡˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤˠ˦˞
˧˞˲˱˛ˢ˭˦˳˙˪ˢ˦˞
ˎˮˬˢ˦ˡˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ˞˭˹
ˡˤ˨ˤ˱ˤˮ˦˻ˡˢ˦˯˞˱˩ˬ˺˯
˅˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤˢ˜˪˞˦
ˢ˺˳˨ˢ˧˱ˤ
ˁˢ˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
˩ˢ˞˩˹˨˲˟ˡ˞˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
ˊˤ˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˰ˢ˟ˮˬ˴˛
ˈˮ˞˱˙˱ˢ˱˞˰˺˩˟ˬ˨˞˞˲˱˙˰˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˭˙˪˱ˬ˱ˢ˰ˢˢ˲˞˪˙ˠ˪˶˰˱ˤ
˧˞˱˙˰˱˞˰ˤ
ʿ˪˱˦˧˞˥˦˰˱˙˱ˢ˱˞˧˞˱ˢ˰˱ˮ˞˩˩˚˪˞˛˩ˤ
ˢ˲˞˪˙ˠ˪˶˰˱˞˭˨˚ˬ˪˰˺˩˟ˬ˨˞
ː˱ˬ˦˴ˢ˜˞˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˍ ˠˮ˞˳˦˧˚˯˭˞ˮ˞˰˱˙˰ˢ˦˯˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞
˞˭ˬ˧˨˜˪ˬ˲˪˰˱˦˯˨ˢ˭˱ˬ˩˚ˮˢ˦ˢ˯˞˭˹˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˭ˬ˲˞ˠˬˮ˙˰˞˱ˢ
ː˲ˠ˧ˮ˜˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˪ˢ˦˧˹˪˞ ˩ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˙˰˞˯˧˞˦ˢ˫ˬ˦˧ˢ˦˶˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˩
˞˲˱˹˰˴ˢ˱˦˧˙˩ˢ˱ˬ˭ˬ˺˟ˮ˜˰˧ˬ˪˱˞˦˱˞
ˡ˦˙˳ˬˮ˞˰˱ˬ˦˴ˢ˜˞˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˧˞˦ˬ˦
ˡ˦˞˱˙˫ˢ˦˯ˮ˺˥˩˦˰ˤ˯
background
ǼȜȜȘȞȚțȐ ȅįȘȖȓİȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢIJȠȣȝȠIJȑȡ

˃˦˧˹˪˞
ˈ˙˨˲˩˩˞˱ˬ˲˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲˞˚ˮ˞
ˀ˞˨˟˜ˡ˞˞˭ˬ˰˱ˮ˙ˠˠ˦˰ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
˅˨ˢ˧˱ˮˬˢ˧˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
˓˜˨˱ˮˬ˞˚ˮ˞
˓˜˨˱ˮˬ˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ˈ˞˭˙˧˦˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ˀ˚ˮˠ˞˩˚˱ˮˤ˰ˤ˯˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˯
Dˊ˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
Eˊ˭ˬ˲ˣˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ
ˎˮˬ˰˱˞˰˜˞˱˶˪ˡ˞˧˱˺˨˶˪˞˭˹
˭˦˙˰˦˩ˬ
ˍˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˰˴ˢ˱˦˧˙˩ˢ˱ˤ
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞
ʸ˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˯˭ˮ˦˪˱ˤ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞
ː˲˪˦˰˱˻˩ˢ˪˞ˢ˜ˡˤ˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
ˑˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˭˞ˮ˞ˡ˜ˡˢ˱˞˦˴˶ˮ˜˯
˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˧˞˦˩ˢ˨˙ˡ˦˞˰˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ʿ˪ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˛˰ˢ˦˴˶ˮ˜˯
ˢ˭˙ˮ˧ˢ˦˞˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞˲˭ˬ˰˱ˢ˜
˰ˬ˟˞ˮ˛ˣˤ˩˦˙ʿ˲˱˚˯ˬ˦ˣˤ˩˦˚˯
˞˭ˬ˧˨ˢ˜ˬ˪˱˞˦˞˭˹˱ˤ˪˭˞ˮˬ˴˛
ˢˠˠ˺ˤ˰ˤ˯
ˎˮ˦˪˱ˤ˪ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˢ˨˚ˠ˫˱ˢ˱ˤ˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˱ˬ˲˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˧˞˦
ˢ˙˪˴ˮˢ˦˙ˣˢ˱˞˦˰˲˩˭˨ˤˮ˻˰˱ˢ
ˊˤ˪˭˞ˮ˞ˠˢ˩˜˰ˢ˱ˢ˩ˢ˨˙ˡ˦ˑˬ
ˡˬ˴ˢ˜ˬ˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˚˴ˢ˦˴˶ˮˤ˱˦˧˹˱ˤ˱˞
˭ˢˮ˨˜˱ˮ˞
˔ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˩˹˪ˬ˨˙ˡ˦˞ˠ˦˞
˱ˢ˱ˮ˙˴ˮˬ˪ˬ˲˯˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮˢ˯˧˞˱ˤˠˬˮ˜˞˯
6-˛˭˞ˮ˞˭˙˪˶
˃˭˦˨˚˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˦˫˻ˡˢ˯˱ˬ˲˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˰ˢ
˰˲˪˙ˮ˱ˤ˰ˤ˩ˢ˱ˤ˪ˢ˫˶˱ˢˮ˦˧˛
˥ˢˮ˩ˬ˧ˮ˞˰˜˞˞˭˹˱ˬ˪˭˞ˮ˞˧˙˱˶
˭˜˪˞˧˞
ˁ˦˞ˠˢ˪˦˧˛˴ˮ˛˰ˤ˰˱ˤ˪˧˞˪ˬ˪˦˧˛
˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛˥ˢˮ˩ˬ˧ˮ˞˰˜˞˯˰˲˪˦˰˱˙˱˞˦˱ˬ
˨˙ˡ˦6$(:ʿ˪
˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱˞˦˨˙ˡ˦˩ˢ˚˪˞
˩ˢ˩ˬ˪˶˩˚˪ˬ˦˫˻ˡˢ˯˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞
ˢ˭˦˨ˢˠˢ˜˞˭˹˱ˬ˪˭˜˪˞˧˞˱˚˱ˬ˦ˬ˨˙ˡ˦
ˠ˦˞˱ˤ˩˚˰ˤ˥ˢˮ˩ˬ˧ˮ˞˰˜˞˰˱ˤ˪
˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛ˢ˳˞ˮ˩ˬˠ˛˯
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
˔ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦˻˪˱˞˯˨˙ˡ˦˴˞˩ˤ˨˛˯
˭ˬ˦˹˱ˤ˱˞˯˛˨˙ˡ˦ˠ˦˞ˡ˜˴ˮˬ˪ˬ
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞˩ˢ˦˶˥ˢ˜ˤ
ˡ˦˙ˮ˧ˢ˦˞ˣ˶˛˯˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˛
˞˪˱˜˰˱ˬ˦˴˞˪˞˭˙˥ˢ˦ˣˤ˩˦˙ˬ
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
ʸ˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˯˱ˤ˯˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
ː˱ˬ˪˚˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˭ˮˬ˰˚˫˱ˢ˪˞
˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱˛˰ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˭˙˪˶˰ˢ
ˢ˭˜˭ˢˡˤˢ˭˦˳˙˪ˢ˦˞˩ˢ˰˟ˤ˰˱˹˱ˬ˪
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛ˠ˺ˮ˶˞˭˹˱ˤ
˟˚ˮˠ˞˭ˮ˦˪˞˭˹˧˙˥ˢ˞˳˞˜ˮˢ˰ˤ˱ˤ˯
˟˚ˮˠ˞˯˃˦˧
˃˦˧˹˪˞
ˌˢ˟˦ˡ˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˞˭˙˧˦˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯
˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˧˞˦˰˧ˬ˲˭˜˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˟˚ˮˠ˞
˩˚˱ˮˤ˰ˤ˯˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ˑˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˤˮ˙˟ˡˬ˩˚˱ˮˤ˰ˤ˯
˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˩˚˰˞˰˱ˬ˰˱˹˩˦ˬ˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯
˧˞˦˰˳˜˫˱ˢ
ʿ˳˞˦ˮ˚˰˱ˢ˫˞˪˙˱ˤˮ˙˟ˡˬ˩˚˱ˮˤ˰ˤ˯
˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˧˞˦ˢ˨˚ˠ˫˱ˢ˱ˤ
˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲
ˤ˰˱˙˥˩ˤˢ˜˪˞˦˭ˬ˨˺˴˞˩ˤ˨˛
˰˲˩˭˨ˤˮ˻˰˱ˢ˞ˮˠ˙˨˜ˠˬ˨˙ˡ˦˶˯˱ˬ
˭˙˪˶˰ˤ˩˙ˡ˦ರ0D[ರ˰˱ˤ˟˚ˮˠ˞
ˎˮ˦˪˱ˤ˪ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
˟˦ˡ˻˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˟˚ˮˠ˞ˠˢˮ˙
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
ˊˤ˪˭˞ˮ˞ˠˢ˩˜˰ˢ˱ˢ˩ˢ˨˙ˡ˦ːˢ
˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲˰˲˩˭˨ˤˮ˻˰ˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˨˺
˨˙ˡ˦˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˪˪˞˭ˮˬ˧˨ˤ˥ˬ˺˪ˣˤ˩˦˚˯
˰˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˚˧˨˲˰ˤ˧˞˭˪ˬ˺
ˡ˲˰˧ˬ˨˜ˢ˯ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯˛˪˞˰˴ˤ˩˞˱˦˰˱ˢ˜
˞˦˥˙˨ˤ˰˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
ː˲˪˦˰˱˻˩ˢ˪˞˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ದ ˅˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤˢ˜˪˞˦˲˭˹ˬˮ˦˰˩˚˪ˢ˯
˰˲˪˥˛˧ˢ˯˙˧ˮ˶˯ˢ˺˳˨ˢ˧˱ˤ˧˞˦
ˢ˭˦˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˤˠ˦˞˚˧ˮˤ˫ˤ
ದ ː˲˩˭˨ˤˮ˻˪ˢ˱ˢ˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˩˹˪ˬ˰ˢ
˧˞˨˙˞ˢˮ˦ˣ˹˩ˢ˪ˬ˭ˢˮ˦˟˙˨˨ˬ˪˧˞˦˩ˢ
˰˟ˤ˰˱˹˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞ˊˤ˪
˧˞˭˪˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˧˞˦˰˟˛˪ˢ˱ˢ˹˨ˢ˯˱˦˯
˭ˤˠ˚˯˞˪˙˳˨ˢ˫ˤ˯˰˱ˬ˭ˢˮ˦˟˙˨˨ˬ˪
˹˭ˬ˲˰˲˩˭˨ˤˮ˻˪ˢ˱ˢ˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤˬ˺˱ˢ
˰˱ˬ˪˴˻ˮˬ˞˭ˬ˥˛˧ˢ˲˰ˤ˯˱˶˪
˧˞˲˰˜˩˶˪
ದ ˊˤ˪˭˞ˮ˞ˠˢ˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
ˡˢ˪ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱˞˦˪˞˟ˮ˜˰˧ˢ˱˞˦
˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˰˱ˬ˰˱˹˩˦ˬ˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯
ˊˢ˱˙˱ˤ˰˲˩˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˧˞˲˰˜˩˶˪
˭ˮˬ˰˚˴ˢ˱ˢ˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦˧˨ˢ˦˰˩˚˪ˬ˧˞˦
˞˰˳˞˨˦˰˩˚˪ˬ˱ˬ˧˞˭˙˧˦˱ˬ˲
ˡˬ˴ˢ˜ˬ˲
ದ ˎˮˬ˰˚˫˱ˢ˪˞˩ˤ˴˲˥ˬ˺˪˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
˧˞˱˙˱ˤ˰˲˩˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˧˞˲˰˜˩˶˪
ˑ˞˴˲˩˚˪˞˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˛ˬ˦˞˱˩ˬ˜˱ˤ˯
˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˯˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˪˪˞˞˪˞˳˨ˢ˴˱ˬ˺˪
ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲˴˺˥ˤ˧˞˪
˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˭ˮˬ˰˚˫˱ˢ˪˞˰˱ˢˠ˪˻˰ˢ˦ˤ
˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛˭ˮˬ˱ˬ˺ˢ˭˞˪ˢ˧˧˦˪˛˰ˢ˱ˢ
˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ದ ʿ˭ˬ˳ˢ˺ˠˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˪ˢ˭˞˪ˢ˦˨ˤ˩˩˚˪ˤ˛
˱ˤ˪˩˞˧ˮ˙ˢ˭˞˳˛˩ˢ˱ˬˡ˚ˮ˩˞˛˱ˤ˪
ˢ˦˰˭˪ˬ˛˱˶˪˞˱˩˻˪
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯ˣˤ˩˦˙˯˰˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ದ ˊˤ˪˞˪˞˩˦ˠ˪˺ˢ˱ˢ˱˞˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˩ˢ
˨˙ˡ˦
ದ ˔ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˩˹˪ˬ˪˧˞˥˞ˮ˙
˳ˮ˚˰˧˞˧˞˦˞˩˹˨˲˟ˡ˞˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
ದ ˔ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˩˹˪ˬ˪˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˩ˢ
˞ˮ˦˥˩˹ˬ˧˱˞˪˜˶˪˧˞˦˙˪˶
ದ ˊˤ˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰ˢ˱ˢ˧˞˺˰˦˩ˬ˩ˢ˱ˬ
˴˞ˮ˞˧˱ˤˮ˦˰˱˦˧˹((
ದ ʿ˭ˬ˥ˤ˧ˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˩˹˪ˬ˰ˢ
˭ˬ˰˹˱ˤ˱ˢ˯ˬ˦ˬ˭ˬ˜ˢ˯˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˪˪˞
˧˞˱˞˪˞˨˶˥ˬ˺˪ˢ˪˱˹˯ˤ˩ˢˮ˻˪
ದ ˊˤ˪˞˳˛˪ˢ˱ˢ˱˞˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˰˱ˬ
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˴˶ˮ˜˯˰˱˞˥ˢˮˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˱˛
ˠ˦˞˭ˢˮ˦˰˰˹˱ˢˮˢ˯˞˭˹ˤ˩˚ˮˢ˯ದ
˰ˢ˞˪˱˜˥ˢ˱ˤ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞
ˬˡˤˠˤ˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˰ˢ˭˞˺˰ˤ˱ˤ˯˦˰˴˺ˬ˯
˱ˤ˯ˢˠˠ˺ˤ˰ˤ˯
ದ ˎˮˬ˰˚˴ˢ˱ˢ˪˞˩ˤ˪˧˞˱˞˨˛˫ˬ˲˪
ˮ˺˭ˬ˦˰˧˹˪ˤ˛˪ˢˮ˹˩˚˰˞˰˱ˬ
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
ʸ˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˯˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˯˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˯
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
ˎˮˬ˱ˬ˺˰˲˩˭˨ˤˮ˻˰ˢ˱ˢ˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
˞˳˛˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞ˢ˭˜˱ˬ˲˨˙˴˦˰˱ˬ˪
ˡ˺ˬ˨ˢ˭˱˙˪˞˧ˮ˲˻˰ˢ˦
ˎˮˬ˰˚˫˱ˢ˱˦˯˲˭ˬˡˢ˜˫ˢ˦˯˰˱˦˯ˬˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯
˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯
˞˪˞˳ˬˮ˦˧˙˩ˢ˱ˬ˪˚˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˱ˤ˯˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˯
˱ˤ˯˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˯˧˞˦˱ˬˠ˚˩˦˰˩˞˩ˢ
˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
˃˦˧˹˪˞ˀ˨ˍˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯
ˎˮˬ˱ˬ˺˞˳˞˦ˮ˚˰ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˞˭˙˧˦˱ˬ˲
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˧˞˦˰˲˩˭˨ˤˮ˻˰ˢ˱ˢ
˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˧˞˥˞ˮ˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛
ˠ˺ˮ˶˞˭˹˱ˬ˰˱˹˩˦ˬ˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯
-30º -20º -10º 0º 10º 20º 30º 40º
(ºC)
5W-30
30
10W-30
Synthetic 5W-30
background
ȅįȘȖȓİȢ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ IJȠȣ ȝȠIJȑȡ ǼȜȜȘȞȚțȐ

ˁˢ˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˩˚˴ˮ˦˭ˢˮ
ˢ˧˧˙˱˶˞˭˹˱ˤ˟˙˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˰˱ˬ˩˜ˬ˲
˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯˛˩˚˴ˮ˦ˤ˰˱˙˥˩ˤ
˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯˪˞˳˱˙˰ˢ˦˱ˬ˩˚ˠ˦˰˱ˬ
˺˵ˬ˯˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯˰˺˩˳˶˪˞˩ˢ˱ˬ
ˡˢ˜˧˱ˤ˞˪˙˨ˬˠ˞˩ˢ˱ˤ˪
˭˞ˮ˞˨˨˞ˠ˛ˬ˺˱˶˯˻˰˱ˢ˪˞
˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞ˡ˦˞˰˱˞˨ˢ˜˱ˬ˧˞˺˰˦˩ˬ
˃˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
˃˦˧˹˪˞
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ˈˮ˞˱˙˱ˢ˱˞˴˚ˮ˦˞˧˞˦˱˞˭˹ˡ˦˞˭˙˪˱ˬ˱ˢ
˩˞˧ˮ˦˙˞˭˹˱˞˧˦˪ˬ˺˩ˢ˪˞˩˚ˮˤˊˤ
˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˟ˬˤ˥˛˩˞˱˞ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯
˭ˬ˲˟ˮ˜˰˧ˬ˪˱˞˦˲˭˹˭˜ˢ˰ˤˍ˦˞˱˩ˬ˜
ˢ˜˪˞˦ˢ˺˳˨ˢ˧˱ˬ˦
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ʿ˧ˬ˨ˬ˲˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˹˨ˢ˯˱˦˯˲˭ˬˡˢ˜˫ˢ˦˯
˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˱˶˪ˬˡˤˠ˦˻˪˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˱ˬ˲
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯˰˱ˬˬ˭ˬ˜ˬˢ˜˪˞˦
˰˲˪˞ˮ˩ˬ˨ˬˠˤ˩˚˪ˬ˯ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
˞˲˱˹˯
˒˭ˬˡˢ˜˫ˢ˦˯
ದ ˊˢˮ˦˧˙˩ˬ˪˱˚˨˞ˡˢ˪˚˴ˬ˲˪˱˰ˬ˧
ˍ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˭ˮˬ˰˞ˮ˩˹ˣˢ˱˞˦
˞˲˱˹˩˞˱˞˰˱ˤ˪ˢ˧˙˰˱ˬ˱ˢˡ˦˞ˡ˦˧˞˰˜˞
ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯
ದ ː˲˪˛˥˶˯ˡˢ˪˞˭˞˦˱ˢ˜˱˞˦ˤ˴ˮ˛˰ˤ
˱ˬ˲˱˰ˬ˧˹˱˞˪ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯ˢ˜˪˞˦
ˣˢ˰˱˹˯˛ˤ˥ˢˮ˩ˬ˧ˮ˞˰˜˞
˭ˢˮ˦˟˙˨˨ˬ˪˱ˬ˯ˢ˜˪˞˦˲˵ˤ˨˛
ದ ʿ˳˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞ˠ˦˞˨˜ˠˬ˪˞
ˣˢ˰˱˞˥ˢ˜˭ˮˬ˱ˬ˺˥˚˰ˢ˱ˢ˰ˢ
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ʿ˭ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˹˨ˢ˯˱˦˯
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˦ˢ˯˩ˬ˪˙ˡˢ˯˥˚˰˱ˢ˰˱ˤ˪
ˬ˲ˡ˚˱ˢˮˤ˥˚˰ˤ1˱ˤ˪˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˧˞˦
˞˰˳˞˨˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˳ˮ˚˪ˬ
˞˧˦˪ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ˯ˢ˙˪˲˭˙ˮ˴ˢ˦
ˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˰˧˞˪ˡ˙˨ˤˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺
˃˦˧ E˰˱ˬ 
ʻ˱˞˪ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯ˢ˜˪˞˦˧ˮ˺ˬ˯
˱ˮ˞˟˛˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˱˰ˬ˧˃˦˧D˛
˞˪˱˜˰˱ˬ˦˴˞ˮ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˰˧˞˪ˡ˙˨ˤ
ˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺˰˱ˬ ˃˦˧E
ˎ˦˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˞˪˙˨ˬˠ˞˩ˢ˱ˤ˩˜ˣ˞
˃˦˧˹˪˞FGH
ದ ˀ˙˨˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˩˚˰˞˰˱ˤ˩˜ˣ˞
ದ ˁ˲ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˃˦˧˹˪˞FG
˰˱ˬ ˚˶˯˹˱ˬ˲˭˙ˮˢ˦˩˭ˮˬ˯ˬ
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
ದ ʿ˳˛˰˱ˢˢ˨ˢ˺˥ˢˮˬ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˱ˤ˯
˩˜ˣ˞˯ˑˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˱ˤ˯˩˜ˣ˞˯
˟ˮ˜˰˧ˢ˱˞˦˰˱ˬ
˛
ದ ˀ˙˨˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˃˦˧˹˪˞H˩˚˰˞
˰˱ˤ˩˜ˣ˞˧˞˦˭˦˚˰˱ˢ˭ˮˬ˯˱˞˧˙˱˶
ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˲˨˙˴˦˰˱ˬ˪
 ˡˢ˲˱ˢˮ˹˨ˢ˭˱ˬ˚˶˯˹˱ˬ˲
˞ˮ˴˜˰ˢ˦˪˞˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠˢ˜ˬ
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
ದ ʿ˳˛˰˱ˢˢ˨ˢ˺˥ˢˮˤ˱ˤ˩˜ˣ˞
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ˊ˜˞ˡˬ˧˦˩˛ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯˥˞˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞
ˡ˦˞ˮ˧ˢ˜˱ˬ˭ˬ˨˺ˡˢ˲˱ˢˮ˹˨ˢ˭˱˞ˎˮ˦˪
˱ˤ˪ˢ˭˹˩ˢ˪ˤ˭ˮˬ˰˭˙˥ˢ˦˞˭ˢˮ˦˩˚˪ˢ˱ˢ
ˡˢ˲˱ˢˮ˹˨ˢ˭˱˞
˓˚ˮ˱ˢ˱ˬ˱˰ˬ˧˞ˮˠ˙˭˜˰˶
˃˭˞˪˞˳˚ˮˢ˱ˢ˨˜ˠˬ˱ˤ˰˧˞˪ˡ˙˨ˤ
ˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺˩˚˴ˮ˦ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˪˞
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠˢ˜˞˥˹ˮ˲˟˞
ː˱˞˩˙˱ˤ˩˞˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
˃˦˧˹˪˞
ʿ˭ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˹˨ˢ˯˱˦˯
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˦ˢ˯˩ˬ˪˙ˡˢ˯˥˚˰˱ˢ˰˱ˤ˪
ˬ˲ˡ˚˱ˢˮˤ˥˚˰ˤ1˱ˤ˪˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˧˞˦
˞˰˳˞˨˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˳ˮ˚˪ˬ
˞˧˦˪ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ˯ˢ˙˪˲˭˙ˮ˴ˢ˦
ˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹ˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺˰˱ˤ
˩˚˰ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
ʿ˳˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˪˞ˡˬ˲˨˚˵ˢ˦
ˢ˭˜˭ˢˮˡˢ˲˱ˢˮ˹˨ˢ˭˱˞
ˆ˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˃˦˧˹˪˞FG˰˱ˤ
˥˚˰ˤ ˛˭˦˚˰˱ˢ˧˙˱˶˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜
˃˦˧˹˪˞H˧˞˦˞˳˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬˢ˨ˢ˺˥ˢˮˬ
ˑˮ˞˟˛˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˱ˤ˯˩˜ˣ˞˯
ˎˮˬ˱ˬ˺ˢˠ˧˞˱˞˨ˢ˜˵ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˞˰˳˞˨˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˳ˮ˚˪ˬ
˞˧˦˪ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ˯ˢ˙˪˲˭˙ˮ˴ˢ˦
ː˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤˈ˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ˎˮ˦˪˱ˤ˪ˢ˧˱˚˨ˢ˰ˤ˹˨˶˪˱˶˪
ˢˮˠ˞˰˦˻˪˹˭˶˯˭˴ˢˮˠ˞˰˜ˢ˯
˰˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˯˧˞˦˧˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˰˟˛˪ˢ˱ˢ
˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˧˞˦˱ˬ˪˞˳˛˪ˢ˱ˢ˪˞
˧ˮ˲˻˰ˢ˦ˑˮ˞˟˛˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜
ˁ˦˞˪˞ˢ˩˭ˬˡ˜˰ˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˞˥˚˨ˤ˱ˤ
ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˱ˮ˞˟˙˱ˢ˭˙˪˱ˬ˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩˭ˬ˲ˣˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ˞˭˹˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
ದ ˍ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˚˴ˢ˦ˮ˲˥˩˦˰˱ˢ˜˰˶˰˱˙
˞˭˹˱ˬ˪˧˞˱˞˰˧ˢ˲˞˰˱˛˞˭˹
˙˭ˬ˵ˤ˯˞˭˹ˡˬ˰ˤ˯˧˞˦
˧˞˱˞˪˙˨˶˰ˤ˯ˈ˙˥ˢ˞˨˨˞ˠ˛˞˲˱˻˪
˱˶˪ˮ˲˥˩˜˰ˢ˶˪˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞ˠ˜˪ˢ˱˞˦
˞˭ˬ˧˨ˢ˦˰˱˦˧˙˞˭˹˱ˬ˪
˧˞˱˞˰˧ˢ˲˞˰˱˛˛˞˭˹
ˢ˫ˬ˲˰˦ˬˡˬ˱ˤ˩˚˪ˬˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ
˭ˮˬ˰˶˭˦˧˹
ದ ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞
ˠˢ˜ˮˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞ˠ˦˞˱ˤ
˩ˢ˱˞˳ˬˮ˙˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˪
˚˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˛ˠ˦˞˱ˤ˪˞˭ˬ˩˙˧ˮ˲˪˰ˤ
ˮ˺˭˶˪˱ˬ˪ˠ˚ˮ˪ˢ˱ˢ˭˙˪˱ˬ˱ˢ˚˱˰˦
˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜˪˞ˡˢ˜˴˪ˢ˦˭ˮˬ˯˱˞
˭˙˪˶˻˰˱ˢ˪˞˩ˤ˪˭ˮˬ˧˨ˤ˥ˢ˜
˟˨˙˟ˤ˰˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˞˭˹˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
˛˨˙ˡ˦˞
ದ ˊˢ˱˞˳˚ˮˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˰˱˞
ˬ˴˛˩˞˱˞˭˙˪˱˞˩ˢ˙ˡˢ˦ˬ
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
ದ ˑ˞˞˪˱˞˨˨˞˧˱˦˧˙˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞
˞˪˱˞˭ˬ˧ˮ˜˪ˬ˪˱˞˦˰˱˦˯˞˭˞˦˱˛˰ˢ˦˯
˭ˬ˲˧˞˥ˬˮ˜˰˱ˤ˧˞˪˞˭˹˱ˬ˪
˧˞˱˞˰˧ˢ˲˞˰˱˛
ದ ˁ˦˞˲˱˹˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˩˹˪ˬ
ˠ˪˛˰˦˞˞˪˱˞˨˨˞˧˱˦˧˙˛
˞˪˱˞˨˨˞˧˱˦˧˙ˢˠ˧ˢ˧ˮ˦˩˚˪˞˞˭˹˱ˬ˪
˧˞˱˞˰˧ˢ˲˞˰˱˛ˍ˦ˢ˭˦˰˧ˢ˲˚˯
ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱˞˦˪˞ˢ˧˱ˢ˨ˬ˺˪˱˞˦
˞˭ˬ˧˨ˢ˦˰˱˦˧˙˞˭˹ˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ
˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬ
ˁ˦˞˪˞ˡ˦˞˱ˤˮˤ˥ˢ˜ˤ˲˵ˤ˨˛˞˭˹ˡˬ˰ˤ
ˢ˜˪˞˦˞˭˞ˮ˞˜˱ˤ˱ˬ˦˱˞˧˱˦˧ˬ˜˚˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˦˧˞˦
˧˞˱˹˭˦˪ˮ˲˥˩˜˰ˢ˦˯˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˅
˱˞˧˱˦˧˛˰˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤˡ˦˞˰˳˞˨˜ˣˢ˦˩˞˧ˮ˙
ˡ˦˙ˮ˧ˢ˦˞˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
˅˞˭˞ˮ˞˜˱ˤ˱ˤ˰˲˴˪˹˱ˤ˱˞
˰˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˯˧˞˦˱ˬˢ˜ˡˬ˯˱˶˪˭ˮˬ˯
ˢ˧˱˚˨ˢ˰ˤˢˮˠ˞˰˦˻˪ˡ˜˪ˬ˪˱˞˦˰˱ˬ˪
˭˞ˮ˞˧˙˱˶˭˜˪˞˧˞˅˰˲˴˪˹˱ˤ˱˞˰ˢ
˻ˮˢ˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯˛˞˪˱˜˰˱ˬ˦˴˞˱˞
˨ˬ˦˭˙˴ˮˬ˪˦˧˙˰˱ˬ˦˴ˢ˜˞˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞
˱ˤˮˬ˺˪˱˞˦˞˪˙˨ˬˠ˞˩ˢ˭ˬ˦ˬ˴ˮˬ˪˦˧˹
˰ˤ˩ˢ˜ˬ˳˥˙˪ˢ˦˪˶ˮ˜˱ˢˮ˞ˈ˞˱˙˱ˤ
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˲˭˹ˡ˲˰˴ˢˮˢ˜˯˰˲˪˥˛˧ˢ˯
˞˭˞˦˱ˬ˺˪˱˞˦˰˲˴˪˹˱ˢˮˢ˯˰˲˪˱ˤˮ˛˰ˢ˦˯
ː˱ˬ˱˚˨ˬ˯˱ˤ˯˰ˢˣ˹˪˞˭ˢ˲˥˺˪ˢ˰˱ˢ˰ˢ
ˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬˠ˦˞˱ˬ˪
˚˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˧˞˦˱ˤ˰˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯
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background
ǼȜȜȘȞȚțȐ ȅįȘȖȓİȢ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ IJȠȣ ȝȠIJȑȡ

ˎˮ˹ˠˮ˞˩˩˞˰˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˯

ːˢ˟˞ˮ˦˙˳˹ˮ˱˶˰ˤ˛˰ˢ˲˵ˤ˨˚˯˥ˢˮ˩ˬ˧ˮ˞˰˜ˢ˯˭ˢˮ˦˟˙˨˨ˬ˪˱ˬ˯

ˈ˞˱˙˱ˤ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˰ˢ˰˧ˬ˪˦˰˩˚˪ˬ˭ˢˮ˦˟˙˨˨ˬ˪˧˞˥˞ˮ˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˰˲˴˪˹˱ˢˮ˞
ʸ˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
˃˨˚ˠ˴ˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˭ˮ˦˪
˞˭˹˧˙˥ˢˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˎˮˬ˰˚˴ˢ˱ˢ˪˞˱ˤˮˢ˜˱˞˦˭˙˪˱ˬ˱ˢˤ
˰˶˰˱˛˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺ˀ˨
ರʸ˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˯˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺ರ
ʿ˨˨˞ˠ˛˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˧˞˦˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲
˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ದ ˑ˞˭˞˨˦˙˨˙ˡ˦˞˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˶˪
˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˪˪˞ˬˡˤˠ˛˰ˬ˲˪˰ˢ˧˞ˮ˧˜˪ˬ
˱ˬ˲ˡ˚ˮ˩˞˱ˬ˯˹˱˞˪˚ˮ˴ˬ˪˱˞˦˰˲˴˪˙
˧˞˦ˠ˦˞˩˞˧ˮ˹˱ˢˮˬˡ˦˙˰˱ˤ˩˞˰ˢ
ˢ˭˞˳˛˩ˢ˱ˬˡ˚ˮ˩˞ˎ˞ˮ˹˨ˬ˭ˬ˲
˞˲˱˹ˢ˜˪˞˦˞˭˜˥˞˪ˬˢ˳˹˰ˬ˪˧˞˪ˢ˜˯
ˡˢ˪˚ˮ˴ˢ˱˞˦˰ˢ˧˞˥ˤ˩ˢˮ˦˪˛ˢ˭˞˳˛
˩ˢ˭˞˨˦˙˨˙ˡ˦˞˰˞˯˰˲˪˦˰˱ˬ˺˩ˢ
˶˰˱˹˰ˬ˩ˢ˱˙˱ˤ˪ˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞˩ˢ˭˞˨˦˙
˨˙ˡ˦˞˪˞˭˨˚˪ˢ˱ˢ˰˴ˬ˨˞˰˱˦˧˙˹˰ˬ
˱ˬˡ˲˪˞˱˹˪˰˲˪˱ˬ˩˹˱ˢˮ˞˱˞˴˚ˮ˦˞
˰˞˯˩ˢ˰˞˭ˬ˺˪˦˧˞˦˪ˢˮ˹
ದ ʿˡˢ˦˙ˣˢ˱ˢ˱˞˨˙ˡ˦˞˹˰ˬˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
ˢ˜˪˞˦˞˧˹˩˞ˣˢ˰˱˹˯˞˨˨˙˹˴˦˭˨˚ˬ˪
˧˞˲˱˹˯˰˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˞˲˱˛˱˞
˨˙ˡ˦˞ˢ˧ˮ˚ˬ˲˪ˠˮ˛ˠˬˮ˞˧˞˦
˭˨˛ˮ˶˯
ದ ˃˙˪˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞ˠˢ˜ˮˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˠ˦˞˱ˤ˪˧˚˪˶˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˞˳˛˰˱ˢ
˭ˮˬˤˠˬ˲˩˚˪˶˯˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˪˞
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˛˰ˢ˦˩˚˴ˮ˦˪˞˞ˡˢ˦˙˰ˢ˦˱ˬ
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ʿ˭ˬ˰˺ˮˢ˱ˢ˱˞˭˞˨˦˙˨˙ˡ˦˞˱ˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ
˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˭˙˪˱ˬ˱ˢ˰˺˩˳˶˪˞˩ˢ˱˦˯
˦˰˴˺ˬ˲˰ˢ˯ˡ˦˞˱˙˫ˢ˦˯ˠ˦˞˱ˤ˪
˭ˮˬ˰˱˞˰˜˞˱ˬ˲˭ˢˮ˦˟˙˨˨ˬ˪˱ˬ˯
ː˲˪˦˰˱˙˱˞˦˪˞˳˚ˮ˪ˢ˱ˢ˱˞˭˞˨˦˙˨˙ˡ˦˞
˰ˢ˰˱ˢˠ˞˪˹ˡˬ˴ˢ˜ˬ˰ˢ˧˙˭ˬ˦ˬˈ˚˪˱ˮˬ
ː˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˭˞˨˦˻˪˨˞ˡ˦˻˪ˊˤ˪˱ˬ
˞˭ˬ˰˺ˮˢ˱ˢ˰˱˞˨ˬ˦˭˙˞˭ˬˮˮ˜˩˩˞˱˞
ˬ˺˱ˢ˪˞˱ˬ˴˺˰ˢ˱ˢ˰˱ˬ˚ˡ˞˳ˬ˯˧˞˦˪˞
˱ˬ˞˳˛˰ˢ˱ˢ˪˞˞˭ˬˮˮˬ˳ˤ˥ˢ˜˞˭˹˱ˬ
˞˲˱˹
ʿ˨˨˞ˠ˛˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
˃˦˧˹˪˞
ʿ˭ˬ˥˚˱ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˢ˭˙˪˶˰ˢ
ˢ˭˜˭ˢˡˤˢ˭˦˳˙˪ˢ˦˞˧˞˦˱ˬ
˞˰˳˞˨˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˚˪˞˪˱˦ˬ˨˜˰˥ˤ˰ˤ˯
ʿ˳˞˦ˮ˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˞˭˙˧˦˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯
˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ʿ˳˛˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˨˙ˡ˦˪˞˱ˮ˚˫ˢ˦˰ˢ
˧˞˱˙˨˨ˤ˨ˬˡˬ˴ˢ˜ˬ
ದ ʿ˳˞˜ˮˢ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˭ˮˬ˰˱˞˱ˢ˲˱˦˧ˬ˺
˧˞˨˺˩˩˞˱ˬ˯˰˱ˤ˟˞˨˟˜ˡ˞
˞˭ˬ˰˱ˮ˙ˠˠ˦˰ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ದ ˁ˲ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˟˞˨˟˜ˡ˞
˞˭ˬ˰˱ˮ˙ˠˠ˦˰ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˭ˮˬ˯
˱˞˞ˮ˦˰˱ˢˮ˙˧˞˱˙˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮˬ˳˛
˧˞˦˱˞˲˱˹˴ˮˬ˪˞˱ˮ˞˟˛˫˱ˢ˱ˤ
˭ˮˬ˰ˢ˧˱˦˧˙˭ˮˬ˯˱˞ˢ˩˭ˮ˹˯
˃ˮˠ˞˰˜˞˰˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˯
˭ˮ˦˪˞˭˹
˧˙˥ˢ˴ˮ˛˰ˤ
˩ˢ˱˙˱˦˯˭ˮ˻˱ˢ˯
˻ˮˢ˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
˩˜˞˳ˬˮ˙˧˙˥ˢ˰ˢˣ˹˪˛
˞˪˙˻ˮˢ˯
˩˜˞˳ˬˮ˙˧˙˥ˢ˰ˢˣ˹˪˛
˞˪˙˻ˮˢ˯
ʸ˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˯˨˞ˡ˦˻˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ʿ˨˨˞ˠ˛˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞

ʿ˨˨˞ˠ˛˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺

ʸ˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˯˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˦˻˪
ː˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˦˻˪
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˯˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛˯
ˢ˫˙˱˩˦˰ˤ˯
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˯˧˞˨˺˩˩˞˱ˬ˯
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ʸ˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˯˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲˞˚ˮ˞
ː˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲˞˚ˮ˞

ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˯˭˱ˢˮ˲ˠ˜˶˪
˵˺˫ˤ˯˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ʿ˨˨˙˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˱ˤ˯
˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˯
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˯˭ˮˬ˰˱˞˰˜˞˯
˱˶˪ˡ˞˧˱˺˨˶˪˞˭˹
˭˦˙˰˦˩ˬ
!
background
ȅįȘȖȓİȢ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ IJȠȣ ȝȠIJȑȡ ǼȜȜȘȞȚțȐ

˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
˃˙˪˴ˮˢ˦˙ˣˢ˱˞˦˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˱ˢ˭ˮˬ˞˦ˮˢ˱˦˧˙
˪˞˞˪ˬ˜˫ˢ˱ˢ˚˪˞˪ˢ˺˧˞˩˭˱ˬ˰˶˨˛˪˞
˞˭ˬ˰˱ˮ˙ˠˠ˦˰ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˰˱ˤ˟˞˨˟˜ˡ˞
˞˭ˬ˰˱ˮ˙ˠˠ˦˰ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ದ ˈ˨ˢ˜˰˱ˢ˫˞˪˙˱ˤ˟˞˨˟˜ˡ˞
˞˭ˬ˰˱ˮ˙ˠˠ˦˰ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺ˁ˦˞˱ˬ
˰˧ˬ˭˹˞˲˱˹˭˦˚˰˱ˢ˩˚˰˞˱ˤ
˟˞˨˟˜ˡ˞˞˭ˬ˰˱ˮ˙ˠˠ˦˰ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
˧˞˦˰˳ˮ˞ˠ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˩ˢ
 ˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮˬ˳˛˭ˮˬ˯˱˞ˡˢ˫˦˙
ˁˢ˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬˡˬ˴ˢ˜ˬ˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˩ˢ˱ˬ
˰˲˪˦˰˱˻˩ˢ˪ˬ˨˙ˡ˦˧˞˦ˢ˨˚ˠ˫˱ˢ˱ˤ
˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ˌ˞˪˞˰˱ˢˮˢ˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˞˭˙˧˦
˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ʿ˨˨˞ˠ˛˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
˃˦˧˹˪˞
ˈ˚˪˶˰ˤ˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺ˀ˨ರʿ˨˨˞ˠ˛
˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺ರ
ˈ˨ˢ˜˰˱ˢ˫˞˪˙˱ˤ˟˞˨˟˜ˡ˞
˞˭ˬ˰˱ˮ˙ˠˠ˦˰ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ˌˢ˟˦ˡ˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ʿ˨ˢ˜˵˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˱˰˦˩ˬ˺˴˞˱ˬ˲˪˚ˬ˲
˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˩ˢ˳ˮ˚˰˧ˬ˨˙ˡ˦
ˑˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱˛˰˱ˢ˧˞˦˪ˬ˺ˮ˦ˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ
˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ದ ˌˢ˟˦ˡ˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˩ˢ
˱ˬ˴˚ˮ˦˚˶˯˹˱ˬ˲ˤ˱˰˦˩ˬ˺˴˞
ˢ˳˞ˮ˩˹˰ˢ˦˰˱ˬ˭ˢˮ˜˟˨ˤ˩˞˱ˬ˲
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ದ ː˳˜˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˩ˢ
 ದ 1P˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦˻˪˱˞˯
˚˪˞ˢ˦ˡ˦˧˹˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
˛˰˳˜˫˱ˢ˩ˢ˱ˬ˴˚ˮ˦˱ˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ
˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮ˚˳ˬ˪˱˙˯˱ˬ˧˞˱˙
˚˶˯˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮˬ˳˚˯
ː˲˩˭˨ˤˮ˻˰˱ˢ˨˙ˡ˦˧˞˦˰˱ˢˮˢ˻˰˱ˢ
˫˞˪˙˱ˬ˧˞˭˙˧˦˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺ದ
ˀ˨ರʿ˨˨˞ˠ˛˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺ರ
˃˧˧˦˪˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˧˞˦˞˳˛˰˱ˢ
˱ˬ˪˪˞˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˛˰ˢ˦ˠ˦˞˨˜ˠˬ
ː˟˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˧˞˦˞˳˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪
˪˞˧ˮ˲˻˰ˢ˦
˃˨˚ˠ˫˱ˢ˱ˤ˰˱ˢˠ˞˪˹˱ˤ˱˞˱ˬ˲
˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
˃˨˚ˠ˫˱ˢ˱ˤ˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˧˞˦ˢ˙˪
˴ˮˢ˦˙ˣˢ˱˞˦ˡ˦ˬˮ˥˻˰˱ˢ˞˪˞˨˹ˠ˶˯
ˀ˨ರʸ˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˯˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺ರ
ː˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲˞˚ˮ˞
ˑˬ˨ˢˮ˶˩˚˪ˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˞˚ˮ˞˭ˢˮ˦ˬˮ˜ˣˢ˦
˱ˤˮˬ˛˱ˬ˲˞˚ˮ˞˰˱ˬ˧˞ˮ˩˭˦ˮ˞˱˚ˮˁ˦˞
˱ˤ˪˭ˮ˹˨ˤ˵ˤ˨˞˪˥˞˰˩˚˪ˤ˯
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯˱ˬ˲˧˞ˮ˩˭˲ˮ˞˱˚ˮ˥˞
˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞˰˲˪˱ˤˮˢ˜˱ˢ˱˞˧˱˦˧˙˱ˬ
˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˞˚ˮ˞ːˢ˭ˬ˨˺˰˧ˬ˪˦˰˩˚˪ˬ
˭ˢˮ˦˟˙˨˨ˬ˪˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦
˞˭˞ˮ˞˜˱ˤ˱ˢ˯˰˲˴˪˹˱ˢˮˢ˯
˰˲˪˱ˤˮ˛˰ˢ˦˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ˁ˦˞˱ˬ˪˧˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˱ˬ˲˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲˞˚ˮ˞
˩ˤ˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰ˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˛
ˡ˦˞˨˺˱ˢ˯˩ˢ˴˞˩ˤ˨˹˰ˤ˩ˢ˜ˬ
˞˪˙˳˨ˢ˫ˤ˯˒˭˙ˮ˴ˢ˦˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
˭˲ˮ˧˞ˠ˦˙˯˛˚˧ˮˤ˫ˤ˯
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
ˊˤ˪˞˳˛˪ˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˪˞
ˡˬ˲˨˚˵ˢ˦˴˶ˮ˜˯˱ˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˞˚ˮ˞
ˀ˨˙˟ˤ˰˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˛˞˲˫ˤ˩˚˪ˤ
˳˥ˬˮ˙˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˥˞˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˰ˢ˪˞
ˢ˜˪˞˦˱ˬ˞˭ˬ˱˚˨ˢ˰˩˞
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ˑˬ˴˙ˮ˱˦˪ˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬˡˢ˪˧˞˥˞ˮ˜ˣˢ˱˞˦
˃˦˧˹˪˞
ː˱˞˟˛˩˞˱˞ˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞˯
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˞˭ˢ˦˧ˬ˪˜ˣˢ˱˞˦ˤ˞˭ˬ˰˲˪˞ˮ˩ˬ˨˹ˠˤ˰ˤ
˧˞˦ˤ˰˲˪˞ˮ˩ˬ˨˹ˠˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲
˞˚ˮ˞
˔˞˨˞ˮ˻˰˱ˢ˱˦˯ˡ˺ˬ˭ˢ˱˞˨ˬ˺ˡˢ˯
˧˞˦˞˳˞˦ˮ˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˙˨˲˩˩˞˱ˬ˲
˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲˞˚ˮ˞
ʿ˭ˬ˰˲˪˞ˮ˩ˬ˨ˬˠ˛˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˪
˭ˢ˱˞˨ˬ˺ˡ˞˧˞˦˱ˤˮˬˡ˚˨˞˰˱ˬ
˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˞˚ˮ˞˧˞˦˞˳˞˦ˮ˚˰˱ˢ
ˬ˨˹˧˨ˤˮˬ˱ˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˞˚ˮ˞ 
ʿ˳˞˦ˮ˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˞˳ˮ˻ˡˢ˯
˭ˮˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ ˞˭˹˱ˬ˴˙ˮ˱˦˪ˬ
˳˜˨˱ˮˬ
ʿ˪˱˦˧˞˱˞˰˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˴˙ˮ˱˦˪ˬ
˳˜˨˱ˮˬ ˰ˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤˮ˺˭˶˪˛
ˣˤ˩˦˙˯
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˞˳ˮ˻ˡˢ˯
˭ˮˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ ˧˞˦ˢ˙˪˚˴ˢ˦˲˭ˬ˰˱ˢ˜
ˣˤ˩˦˙˞˪˱˦˧˞˱˞˰˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ
ˁ˦˞˱ˬ˪˧˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˱ˬ˲˞˳ˮ˻ˡˬ˲˯
˭ˮˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲˞˳˞˦ˮ˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˞˭˹˱ˬ
˴˙ˮ˱˦˪ˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˧˞˦˧˞˥˞ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˰ˢ
ˡ˦˙˨˲˩˞˞˭˹ˬ˦˧˦˞˧˹˧˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˱˦˧˹
˧˞˦ˣˢ˰˱˹˪ˢˮ˹ˎˮ˦˪˱ˤ˪
ˢ˭˞˪˞˱ˬ˭ˬ˥˚˱ˤ˰ˤ˞˳˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˞
˰˱ˢˠ˪˻˰ˢ˦˧˞˨˙
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ˊˤ˪ˡ˦˞˟ˮ˚˴ˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚˱ˬ˞˳ˮ˻ˡˢ˯
˭ˮˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˩ˢ˨˙ˡ˦
ː˲˪˞ˮ˩ˬ˨ˬˠ˛˰˱ˢˬ˨˹˧˨ˤˮˬ˱ˬ
˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˞˚ˮ˞˧˞˦˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ
˰˶˰˱˙˩ˢ˱ˬ˰˱ˮˬˠˠ˲˨˹˙˪ˬ˦ˠ˩˞
˰˱ˬ˰˱˛ˮ˦ˠ˩˞˞˪˞ˮˮ˹˳ˤ˰ˤ˯
ː˱ˢˮˢ˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˞˚ˮ˞˩ˢ˱ˤ˪
˭ˢ˱˞˨ˬ˺ˡ˞˧˞˦˱ˤˮˬˡ˚˨˞˭ˬ˲
ˢ˜˴˞˱ˢ˞˳˞˦ˮ˚˰ˢ˦˰˱ˬ˟˛˩˞ 
ː˲˪˞ˮ˩ˬ˨ˬˠ˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˙˨˲˩˩˞˱ˬ˲
˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲˞˚ˮ˞
ː˳˜˫˱ˢ˫˞˪˙˩ˢ˱ˬ˴˚ˮ˦˱˦˯ˡ˺ˬ
˭ˢ˱˞˨ˬ˺ˡˢ˯
ː˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˦ˬ˺
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ʿ˳˛˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˪˞˧ˮ˲˻˰ˢ˦
ˊˤ˪˧˙˪ˢ˱ˢˡˬ˧˦˩˚˯˞˪˙˳˨ˢ˫ˤ˯˩ˢ
˟ˠ˞˨˩˚˪ˬ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜ˊˤ˪˞˪˙˟ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˩ˢ˟ˠ˞˨˩˚˪ˬ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
ˁ˦˞˪˞˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠˢ˜˰˶˰˱˙ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞˚˴ˢ˦ˮ˲˥˩˦˰˱ˢ˜˰˶˰˱˙ˤ
˞˭˹˰˱˞˰ˤ˱˶˪ˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮˬˡ˜˶˪˱ˬ˲
˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˦ˬ˺˧˞˦˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦ˢ˨ˢ˺˥ˢˮ˞˞˭˹
ˮ˺˭ˬ˲˯
˃˦˧˹˪˞˧˞˦
ˑˮ˞˟˛˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ
˞˭˹˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜˧˞˦˫ˢ˟˦ˡ˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜˩ˢ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˹˧˨ˢ˦ˡˬ
˃˨˚ˠ˫˱ˢˬ˭˱˦˧˙˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
ʿ˪˱˦˧˞˱˞˰˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜˰ˢ
˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲˲˭˙ˮ˴ˢ˦ˢ˩˳˞˪˛˯
˳˥ˬˮ˙˛˹˱˞˪˚˴ˢ˦ˣˤ˩˦˙ˬ˩ˬ˪˶˱˛˯
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜˩ˢ
˰˲ˮ˩˞˱˹˟ˬ˲ˮ˱˰˞˰ˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ
˭ˬ˲˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞
ˢ˭˞˪˞˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˥ˢ˜ˢ˧˪˚ˬ˲
ˊˢ˱ˮ˛˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˞˭˹˰˱˞˰ˤ˱˶˪
ˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮˬˡ˜˶˪˩ˢ˳˜˨ˢˮˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˪
˞˭˹˰˱˞˰ˤˢ˪ˡˢ˴ˬ˩˚˪˶˯˨˲ˠ˜ˣˬ˪˱˞˯
˱ˬ˭˨˞˷˪˹ˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮ˹ˡ˦ˬ˅˞˭˹˰˱˞˰ˤ
˱˶˪ˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮˬˡ˜˶˪˥˞˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦
 ದ PP˃˦˧
˃˨˚ˠ˫˱ˢ˞˪ˢ˜˪˞˦ˤ˱˰˦˩ˬ˺˴˞˱ˬ˲
˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˦ˬ˺˰ˢ˧˞˨˛˧˞˱˙˰˱˞˰ˤ
˟˦ˡ˻˰˱ˢ˧˞˱˹˭˦˪˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜˩ˢ˱ˬ
˴˚ˮ˦˻˰˱ˢ˪˞˞˭ˬ˳˺ˠˢ˱ˢˣˤ˩˦˙˰˱ˬ
˰˭ˢ˜ˮ˶˩˞
ʻ˱˞˪˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜ˢ˜˪˞˦˰˶˰˱˙
˟˦ˡ˶˩˚˪ˬ˩ˢ˱ˬ˴˚ˮ˦˰˳˜˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˢ
˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˹˧˨ˢ˦ˡˬ
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background
ǼȜȜȘȞȚțȐ ȅįȘȖȓİȢ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ IJȠȣ ȝȠIJȑȡ

ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
ˊˤ˪˭˞ˮ˞˰˳˜˫ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
ˎˮˬ˰˚˫˱ˢ˱˦˯˞˧˹˨ˬ˲˥ˢ˯˱˦˩˚˯ˠ˦˞˱ˬ
˰˳˜˫˦˩ˬ˱ˬ˲˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˦ˬ˺˩ˢ
˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˹˧˨ˢ˦ˡˬ
ದ ˪˚ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜˱ˬ˭ˬ˨˺
˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮˬ˳˛˯
ದ ˩ˢ˱˞˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩˚˪ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜˱ˬ˭ˬ˨˺
 ದ˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮˬ˳˛˯
ʸ˪˞˩ˤ˰˶˰˱˙˰˳˦ˠ˩˚˪ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞ˣˢ˰˱˞˥ˢ˜˲˭ˢˮ˟ˬ˨˦˧˙˧˞˦˪˞
ˢ˭˦˳˚ˮˢ˦ˣˤ˩˦˙˰˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ː˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˲
˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˯
ʿ˪˞˥˚˱ˢ˱ˢ˞˲˱˚˯˱˦˯ˢ˭˦˰˧ˢ˲˚˯˩˹˪ˬ˰ˢ
ˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬ˰˺˩˳˶˪˞˩ˢ
˱ˬ˭ˮ˹ˠˮ˞˩˩˞˰˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˯
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˯˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲˭ˮ˦˪˱ˬ˪
˧˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˟ˮ˦˰˧˹˱˞˪˰ˢ
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˙˱ˬ˪˞˳˛˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˲˨˙˴˦˰˱ˬ˪
˩˜˞˻ˮ˞˪˞˧ˮ˲˻˰ˢ˦ʿ˭ˬ˩˞˧ˮ˺˪ˢ˱ˢ
˱˞˧˱˦˧˙ˮ˺˭ˬ˲˯˭ˬ˲˚˴ˬ˲˪
˰˲˰˰˶ˮˢ˲˱ˢ˜˰˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˭ˮˬ˰˱˞˰˜˞ˡ˞˴˱˺˨˶˪
˧˞˦˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛ˠ˺ˮ˶˞˭˹˱ˤ˪
ˢ˫˙˱˩˦˰ˤˁ˦˞˱ˬ˪˰˧ˬ˭˹˞˲˱˹
˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˟ˬ˺ˮ˱˰˞˛
˭ˢ˭˦ˢ˰˩˚˪ˬ˞˚ˮ˞
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
ˁ˦˞˱ˬ˪˧˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˩ˤ
˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢˡ˚˰˩ˤ˪ˢˮˬ˺ˠ˦˞˱˜
˞˲˱˹˥˞˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˰ˢ˪˞˭ˮˬ˫ˢ˪˛˰ˢ˦
ˮ˺˭ˬ˲˯˰˱˞˧˞˺˰˦˩˞ˋˢˮ˹˞˭˹˱ˬ
˨˙˰˱˦˴ˬ˧˛˭ˬ˲˛˞˭˹˱ˬ˭˨˲˪˱˦˧˹
˲˵ˤ˨˛˯˭˜ˢ˰ˤ˯˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞ˡ˦ˢ˦˰ˡ˺˰ˢ˦
˰˱ˬ˙˪ˬ˦ˠ˩˞˱ˤ˯ˢ˫˙˱˩˦˰ˤ˯˧˞˦˪˞
˭ˮˬ˫ˢ˪˛˰ˢ˦ˣˤ˩˦˙˰˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
˅˰˲˰˰˻ˮˢ˲˰ˤˮ˺˭˶˪ˠ˺ˮ˶˞˭˹˱ˤ˪
ˢ˫˙˱˩˦˰ˤ˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞ˬˡˤˠ˛˰ˢ˦˰ˢ
˭˲ˮ˧˞ˠ˦˙ˎˮ˦˪˞˭˹˧˙˥ˢ˴ˮ˛˰ˤ
ˢ˨˚ˠ˴ˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛˞˲˱˛˧˞˦˱ˤ˪
˧˞˥˞ˮ˜ˣˢ˱ˢ
ʿ˭ˬ˥˛˧ˢ˲˰ˤ
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ˁ˦˞˞˭ˬ˥˛˧ˢ˲˰ˤ˭˙˪˶˞˭˹
 ˤ˩˚ˮˢ˯˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞˭ˮˬ˰˱ˢ˥ˢ˜
˰˱˞˥ˢˮˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˱˛˯˰˱ˬ˧˞˺˰˦˩ˬ
ʿ˭ˢ˲˥˲˪˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˰˱ˬˢ˦ˡ˦˧˹˧˞˱˙˰˱ˤ˩˞
˞˭˹˭ˬ˲˞ˠˬˮ˙˰˞˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˛
˰˱ˬ˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬ˱ˤ˯˲˭ˤˮˢ˰˜˞˯˱ˢ˴˪˦˧˛˯
ˢ˫˲˭ˤˮ˚˱ˤ˰ˤ˯˭ˢ˨˞˱˻˪
ːˢ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮˢ˯˭ˬ˲˭ˮ˹˧ˢ˦˱˞˦˪˞
˞˭ˬ˥ˤ˧ˢ˲˱ˬ˺˪˭˙˪˶˞˭˹ ˤ˩˚ˮˢ˯
ˡˢ˪˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞˲˭˙ˮ˴ˬ˲˪˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
˩˚˰˞˰˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˻˰˱ˢ˪˞
˞˭ˬ˳ˢ˲˴˥ˢ˜ˬ˰˴ˤ˩˞˱˦˰˩˹˯
˧˞˱˞˨ˬ˜˭˶˪˰˱ˤ˪ˢˠ˧˞˱˙˰˱˞˰ˤ
˧˞˲˰˜˩˶˪˦ˡ˦˞˜˱ˢˮ˞˰ˢ˰ˤ˩˞˪˱˦˧˙
˩˚ˮˤ˱ˬ˲˧˞ˮ˩˭˦ˮ˞˱˚ˮ
ʿ˳˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˪˞
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˛˰ˢ˦˩˚˴ˮ˦˪˞˞ˡˢ˦˙˰ˢ˦˱ˬ
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˧˞˦˪˞˞˧˦˪ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˥ˢ˜
ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
ʿ˨˨˙˫˱ˢ˱˞˨˙ˡ˦˞ˀ˨ರʿ˨˨˞ˠ˛
˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺ರ
ʿ˳˞˦ˮ˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜˧˞˦ˠˢ˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪
˧˺˨˦˪ˡˮˬ˩ˢ˭ˢˮPO˨˙ˡ˦
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˃˭˞˪˞˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜˧˞˦˭˦˚˰˱ˢˠ˦˞˨˜ˠˬ˱ˤ˩˜ˣ˞
ˬ˺˱˶˯˻˰˱ˢ˪˞˧˞˱˞˪ˢ˩ˤ˥ˢ˜˱ˬ˨˙ˡ˦
ʿ˭ˬ˩˞˧ˮ˺˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˲˯ˮ˺˭ˬ˲˯ˠ˺ˮ˶
˞˭˹˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˧˙˱˶˞˭˹˱ˤ˪
˭ˮˬ˰˱˞˰˜˞˱˶˪ˡ˞˧˱˺˨˶˪˧˞˦˧˙˱˶
ˠ˺ˮ˶˧˞˦˭˜˰˶˞˭˹˱ˤ˪ˢ˫˙˱˩˦˰ˤ
ʿ˨ˢ˜˵˱ˢ˱˦˯˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˚˯˭ˬ˲˥˞
˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˰˞˪˪˞˰˧ˬ˲ˮ˦˙˰ˬ˲˪˩ˢ
˨ˢ˭˱˹˳˦˨˩˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
˓˲˨˙˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˰ˢ˧˞˥˞ˮ˹
˰˱ˢˠ˪˹˧˞˦˧˞˨˙˞ˢˮ˦ˣ˹˩ˢ˪ˬ˴˻ˮˬ
˧˞˦˹˴˦˧ˬ˪˱˙˰ˢ˰˲˰˧ˢ˲˚˯˭ˬ˲
ˡˬ˲˨ˢ˺ˬ˲˪˩ˢ˳˨˹ˠ˞˛
˭ˮˬˢ˦ˡˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˱˦˧˛˨˲˴˪˜˞˭˴
ˢˠ˧˞˱˞˰˱˙˰ˢ˦˯˧˞˨ˬˮ˦˳˚ˮ
˰˲˰˧ˢ˲˚˯˥˚ˮ˩˞˪˰ˤ˯˪ˢˮˬ˺˛
˰˱ˢˠ˪˶˱˛ˮ˦˞˃˭˜˰ˤ˯˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞
˞˭ˬ˳ˢ˲˴˥ˬ˺˪˧˞˦˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˚˯˰˱˦˯
ˬ˭ˬ˜ˢ˯˟ˮ˜˰˧ˢ˱˞˦ˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
˭ˬ˲˭˞ˮ˙ˠˢ˦˰˭˦˪˥˛ˮ˞˛˰˱˦˯
ˬ˭ˬ˜ˢ˯˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˬ˺˪˱˞˦ˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮ˦˧˙
ˢˮˠ˞˨ˢ˜˞
˃˳˹˰ˬ˪ˢ˜˪˞˦ˡ˲˪˞˱˹˪ˡˢ˪˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦
ˢ˭˜˰ˤ˯˪˞ˢ˭˦˨ˢˠˬ˺˪˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˚˯
˞˭ˬ˥˛˧ˢ˲˰ˤ˯˩ˢ˲˵ˤ˨˛˲ˠˮ˞˰˜˞
˱ˬ˲˞˚ˮ˞ˢ˭ˢ˦ˡ˛˞˲˱˹ˢ˲˪ˬˢ˜˱ˬ˪
˰˴ˤ˩˞˱˦˰˩˹˰˧ˬ˲ˮ˦˙˯˧˞˦
ˡ˦˙˟ˮ˶˰ˤ˯
ʿ˭ˬ˥ˤ˧ˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˧˞˱˙˱ˤ
˳˺˨˞˫ˤ˭˙˪˶˰ˢˢ˭˜˭ˢˡˤ
ˢ˭˦˳˙˪ˢ˦˞ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲˞˲˱˹
˟ˮ˜˰˧ˢ˱˞˦˰ˢ˧ˢ˧˨˦˩˚˪ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞ˢ˫˚˨˥ˬ˲˪˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˛
˨˙ˡ˦˞
ˑˮ˹˭ˬ˯ˡˮ˙˰ˤ˯˩ˢ˱˙˞˭˹
˩˞˧ˮ˹˴ˮˬ˪ˤ˞˭ˬ˥˛˧ˢ˲˰ˤ
˃˨˚ˠ˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˹˭˶˯
˭ˢˮ˦ˠˮ˙˳ˢ˱˞˦˰˱ˬ˧ˢ˳˙˨˞˦ˬ
ರʸ˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˯˭ˮ˦˪˱ˤ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞ರ
ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲˞ˡˢ˦˙˰˱ˤ˧ˢ˱ˬ
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮˠ˦˞˱ˤ˪˱ˢ˨˦˧˛
˞˭ˬ˥˛˧ˢ˲˰ˤˠˢ˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˩ˢ˳ˮ˚˰˧˦˞˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤːˢ
˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲˲˭˙ˮ˴ˢ˦ˡˬ˴ˢ˜ˬ
˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˯ˠ˦˞˱ˤ˰˲˩˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ
˧˞˲˰˜˩˶˪˥˞˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞˭ˮˬ˰˚˫ˢ˱ˢ
˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦ˠˢ˩˙˱ˬ˩ˢ˳ˮ˚˰˧˦˞˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ
ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲˧˞˱˙˱ˤ˪
˞˭ˬ˥˛˧ˢ˲˰ˤ˛˱˞˪˨˞ˡ˶˩˚˪ˬ˯ˬ
˧˺˨˦˪ˡˮˬ˯ˢ˧˨˺ˢ˱˞˦˧˞˱˙˱ˤ˪
ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˨˜ˠˬ˯
˧˞˭˪˹˯ʿ˲˱˹ˡˢ˪˞˭ˬ˱ˢ˨ˢ˜˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ
˃ˠˠ˺ˤ˰ˤ
ːˢ˧˙˥ˢ˴˻ˮ˞˦˰˴˺ˬ˲˪ˬ˦˹ˮˬ˦
ˢˠˠ˺ˤ˰ˤ˯˭ˬ˲ˢ˧ˡ˹˥ˤ˧˞˪˞˭˹˱ˤ˪
ˢ˱˞˦ˮˢ˜˞˩˞˯˛˞˭˹˱ˬ˪ˢ˦˰˞ˠ˶ˠ˚˞
ˀ˨˙˟ˢ˯ˢ˭˦ˡ˦ˬˮ˥˻˪ˬ˲˩ˢ˰˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˙˰˞˯ˡ˶ˮˢ˙˪˰˱˞˭˨˞˜˰˦˞
˱ˤ˯ˢˠˠ˺ˤ˰ˤ˯ˢ˳˹˰ˬ˪ˤ˞˦˱˜˞ˢ˜˪˞˦
ˢ˨˙˱˱˶˩˞˲˨˦˧ˬ˺˛˧˞˱˞˰˧ˢ˲˞˰˱˦˧˹
˰˳˙˨˩˞ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭˞ˮˬ˴˛˯
ˢˠˠ˺ˤ˰ˤ˯˞˭ˢ˲˥˺˪ˢ˰˱ˢ˰˱ˬ
˧˞˱˙˰˱ˤ˩˞˞˭˹˱ˬˬ˭ˬ˜ˬ˞ˠˬˮ˙˰˞˱ˢ
˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˛˰˱ˬ˭˨ˤ˰˦˚˰˱ˢˮˬ
˲˭ˬ˧˞˱˙˰˱ˤ˩˙˩˞˯
!
background
ȅįȘȖȓİȢ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ IJȠȣ ȝȠIJȑȡ ǼȜȜȘȞȚțȐ

ʿ˪˞ˣ˛˱ˤ˰ˤ˰˳˞˨˩˙˱˶˪
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ˁ˦˞ˢ˭˦˰˧ˢ˲˚˯˭ˬ˲ˡˢ˪˧˞˨˺˭˱ˬ˪˱˞˦˞˭˹˱˦˯˭˞ˮ˞˭˙˪˶ˢˮˠ˞˰˜ˢ˯˭˞ˮ˞˧˞˨ˢ˜˰˥ˢ˪˞˞˭ˢ˲˥˲˪˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˰˱ˬˢ˦ˡ˦˧˹˧˞˱˙˰˱ˤ˩˞
˱ˤ˯˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛˯˰˞˯˩ˢ˲˭ˤˮˢ˰˜˞˱ˢ˴˪˦˧˛˯ˢ˫˲˭ˤˮ˚˱ˤ˰ˤ˯˭ˢ˨˞˱˻˪
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ʿ˪˙˨ˬˠ˞˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˪˱˚˨ˬ˟˨˙˟ˢ˯˰˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˭ˮˬ˟˙˨˨ˬ˪˱˞˦˩ˢ˩˜˞˨˲˴˪˜˞˚˪ˡˢ˦˫ˤ˯˛˶˯˩˛˪˲˩˞˰˳˙˨˩˞˱ˬ˯
(QJLQH˰˱ˤ˰˲˪ˡ˲˞˰˱˦˧˛˚˪ˡˢ˦˫ˤ˱ˤ˯˰˲˰˧ˢ˲˛˯ːˢ˞˲˱˛˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˞˭ˢ˲˥˲˪˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˰˱ˬˢ˦ˡ˦˧˹˧˞˱˙˰˱ˤ˩˞˱ˤ˯
˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛˯˰˞˯˩ˢ˲˭ˤˮˢ˰˜˞˱ˢ˴˪˦˧˛˯ˢ˫˲˭ˤˮ˚˱ˤ˰ˤ˯˭ˢ˨˞˱˻˪
ˀ˨˙˟ˤ ˎ˦˥˞˪˛˞˦˱˜˞ ʿ˪˱˦˩ˢ˱˻˭˦˰ˤ
ˍ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯ˡˢ˪
˫ˢ˧˦˪˙
˂ˢ˪˲˭˙ˮ˴ˬ˲˪˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˰˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ ˁˢ˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˩ˢ˧˞˥˞ˮ˙˳ˮ˚˰˧˞
˧˞˦˞˩˹˨˲˟ˡ˞˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
ˎ˞˨˦˙˧˞˺˰˦˩˞ ʿˡˢ˦˙˰˱ˢ˱˞˭˞˨˦˙˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˩˚˰˞˰ˢ
˧˞˱˙˨˨ˤ˨ˬˡˬ˴ˢ˜ˬ˰˱ˬ˺˭˞˦˥ˮˬˁˢ˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˩ˢ˧˞˥˞ˮ˙˳ˮ˚˰˧˞˧˞˦
˞˩˹˨˲˟ˡ˞˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
˂ˢ˪˚˴ˢ˦˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱ˤ˥ˢ˜˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ
˰˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
ˑˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ˰˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
ˑˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜ˢ˜˪˞˦˨ˢˮ˶˩˚˪ˬ˛˴˞˨˞˰˩˚˪ˬ ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
ˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˧˞˱˹˭˦˪˱ˤ˪˞˭˹˰˱˞˰ˤ˱˶˪
ˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮˬˡ˜˶˪˛˞˨˨˙˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
˅˰˧˞˪ˡ˙˨ˤˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺ˡˢ˪˟ˮ˜˰˧ˢ˱˞˦˰˱ˤ
˥˚˰ˤ
ˆ˚˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˰˧˞˪ˡ˙˨ˤˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺˰˱ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
ˀˬ˲˨˶˩˚˪ˬ˯˞ˠ˶ˠ˹˯˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˯ ʿ˭ˢ˲˥˲˪˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˰ˢˢ˦ˡ˦˧˹ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˪˧˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˱ˬ˲
˞ˠ˶ˠˬ˺˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˯
ˈ˞˩˚˪ˤ˞˰˳˙˨ˢ˦˞ ˅˞˰˳˙˨ˢ˦˞˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞˞˪˱˦˧˞˱˞˰˱˞˥ˢ˜
ˈ˞˩˚˪ˬ˯ˢ˧˧˦˪ˤ˱˛˯ ˍˢ˧˧˦˪ˤ˱˛˯˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞ˢ˨ˢˠ˴˥ˢ˜
ˍ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˟ˮ˜˰˧ˢ˱˞˦˰ˢ˧ˮ˺˞˧˞˱˙˰˱˞˰ˤ
ˡˢ˪˭˞˱˛˥ˤ˧ˢ˱ˬ˱˰ˬ˧˞˪˲˭˙ˮ˴ˢ˦
˃˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˱˰ˬ˧
ˍ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠˢ˜
˞˧˞˪˹˪˦˰˱˞˰˟˛˪ˢ˦˧˞˦
˫˞˪˞˪˙˟ˢ˦
ˑˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬˢ˜˪˞˦˴˞˨˞ˮ˙
˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱ˤ˩˚˪ˬ˰˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
ˑˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ˰˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
ˎ˞˨˦˙˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
ˋˢˮ˹˛ˮ˺˭ˬ˦˰˱ˤ˪ˢˠ˧˞˱˙˰˱˞˰ˤ˧˞˲˰˜˩˶˪
ʿˡˢ˦˙˰˱ˢ˱˞˭˞˨˦˙˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˩˚˰˞˰ˢ
˧˞˱˙˨˨ˤ˨ˬˡˬ˴ˢ˜ˬ˰˱ˬ˺˭˞˦˥ˮˬˁˢ˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˩ˢ˧˞˥˞ˮ˙˳ˮ˚˰˧˞˧˞˦
˞˩˹˨˲˟ˡ˞˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
ˑˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜˚˴ˢ˦˨˦˻˰ˢ˦ˢ˜˪˞˦˴˞˨˞˰˩˚˪ˬ˛ˤ
˞˭˹˰˱˞˰ˤˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮˬˡ˜˶˪ˢ˜˪˞˦˭ˬ˨˺˩ˢˠ˙˨ˤ
ˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˧˞˱˹˭˦˪˱ˤ˪˞˭˹˰˱˞˰ˤ˱˶˪
ˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮˬˡ˜˶˪˛˞˨˨˙˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
˅ˬ˭˛ˢ˫˞ˢˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˰˱ˬ˧˞˭˙˧˦˱ˬ˲
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮˢ˜˪˞˦˟ˬ˲˨˶˩˚˪ˤ
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˞˭˙˧˦ˢ˫˞ˢˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺
ˑˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˞˚ˮ˞ˢ˜˪˞˦˟ˬ˲˨˶˩˚˪ˬ ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˛˞˪˱˦˧˞˱˞˰˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˳˜˨˱ˮˬ˞˚ˮ˞
ˑˮ˞˟ˤˠ˩˚˪ˬ˱ˬ&KRNH˞˪˲˭˙ˮ˴ˢ˦ ː˭ˮ˻˫˱ˢ˭˜˰˶˰˱ˤ˪˞ˮ˴˦˧˛˱ˬ˲˥˚˰ˤ˱ˬ˪
˩ˬ˴˨˹˱ˬ˲&KRNH
ˍ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
˲˭ˢˮ˥ˢˮ˩˞˜˪ˢ˱˞˦
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VWRUXÏHWXGLVRYUDWDLQRNQD
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NDWHUHXSRUDEDMHGRYRLOMHQD
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PRWRUMDDOLWHNRÏHJDPRWRUMD
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HYDUQRVWSRģNRGE
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DOLGHORYNLSURVWRYLVLMRLQMLK
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6ORYHQVNR 1DYRGLOR]DREUDWRYDQMHPRWRUMX
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SUHPDORROMDVHODKNR]DUDGLWHJD
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JRULYDPRUDSRNURYUH]HUYRDUMD
ELWL]DSUWLQ]DYDURYDQ
ದ 3RVNUELWHGDVHJRULYRPHG
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Navodilo za obratovanje motorju Slovensko
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3RQRYQRQDPHVWLWHSRNURY
]UDÏQHJDILOWUD
2EHNULOQLPDWLFLSRQRYQR
SULYLMWH]URNR
9]GUŀHYDQMHYŀLJDOQH
VYHÏNH
1HYDUQRVW
3XVWLWHPRWRUGDVHRKODGL
3UHL]NXģDQMDYŀLJDQHVPHWH
RSUDYLWL]RGYLWRYŀLJDOQRVYHÏNR
0RWRUMDQH]DJDQMDMWH]RGYLWR
YŀLJDOQRVYHÏNR
'DELPRWRUSUDYLOQRGHORYDOPRUD
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VYHÏNHELWLSUHGSLVQRQDVWDYOMHQDLQ
EUH]QHÏLVWRÏ
6OLNDLQ
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2SUDYLWHYL]XDOQRNRQWUROR
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L]UDEOMHQRVWRÏLWQDDOLÏHMH
SRģNRGRYDQL]RODWRU
6YHÏNRRÏLVWLWH]ŀLÏQRNUWDÏRÏH
MRERVWHSRQRYQRXSRUDELOL
5D]GDOMRPHGHOHNWURGDPD
L]PHULWHVNDOLEUVNLPPHULORP
5D]GDOMRSRSRWUHELQDVWDYLWH]
]YLMDQMHPERÏQHHOHNWURGH
5D]GDOMDPHGHOHNWURGDPDPRUD
]QDģDWL ದ PPVOLND
3UHYHULWLDOLMHWHVQLOQLREURÏ
YŀLJDOQHVYHÏNHYEUH]KLEQHP
VWDQMXQDWRYŀLJDOQRVYHÏNR
URÏQRSULYLMWHGDQHEL
SRģNRGRYDOLQDYRMD
.RMHVYHÏNDGREURSULWUMHQDMR
SULWHJQLWHVNOMXÏHP]DYŀLJDOQH
VYHÏNH
3R]RU
9ŀLJDOQHVYHÏNHQHSULWHJQLWH
SUHYHÏ8SRģWHYDMWHQDVOHGQMH
YUHGQRVWL]DSULWH]DQMHVYHÏNHV
NOMXÏHP]DYŀLJDOQHVYHÏNH
ದ QRYDYŀLJDOQDVYHÏNDPDNVL
-
PDOQRREUDWD
ದ XSRUDEOMDQDYŀLJDOQDVYHÏND
PDNVLPDOQR ದ  REUDWD
9ŀLJDOQDVYHÏNDNLQLSUDYLOQR
SULWHJQMHQDVHODKNRPRÏQR
VHJUHMHLQSRģNRGXMHPRWRU
9]GUŀHYDQMHEHQFLQVNHJD
ILOWUD
9]GUŀHYDOQDGHODQDML]YHGHMRY
VWURNRYQLGHODYQLFLYVNODGX]
Y]GUŀHYDOQLPQDÏUWRP
ÎLģÏHQMHPRWRUMD
ÎHMHPRWRUSUHGWHPREUDWRYDOJD
SUHGÏLģÏHQMHPSXVWLWHGDVHKODGL
QDMPDQMHQRXUR5HGQR
RGVWUDQMXMWHQDEUDQRXPD]DQLMR]
PRWRUMD2ÏLVWLWH]DģÏLWR]DSUVWHLQ
SRGURÏMHRNURJL]SXģQHFHYL3UL
WHPXSRUDELWHNUWDÏNRDOLVWLVQMHQL
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Slovensko Navodilo za obratovanje motorju
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JRULYR9RGDL]YUWQHFHYLDOL
YLVRNRWODÏQHJDÏLVWLOQLNDSRG
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1HYDUQRVW
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SRGURÏMHSUHGYVDNRXSRUDER
SUHYHULWHLQRÏLVWLWH
6NODGLģÏHQMH
1DSRWHN
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 GQLVHJRULYXODKNRGRGD
VWDELOL]DWRU2EUQLWHVHQDVYRMHJD
VWURNRYQHJDSURGDMDOFDDOL
GHODYQLFRVHUYLVQHVOXŀEH
9PRWRUMXNLJDRGODJDWH]DYHÏNRW
 GQLVHYUH]HUYRDUMXQHELVPHOR
QDKDMDWLJRULYRGDQHSULGHGR
XVWYDUMDQMDXVHGOMLQYVLVWHPX]D
JRULYR]ODVWLQDSRPHPEQLKGHOLK
XSOLQMDÏD
0RWRUSXVWLWHREUDWRYDWLGRNOHUMH
YUH]HUYRDUMXJRULYRLQVHPRWRU
QHXVWDYL
=DPHQMDMWHROMH*OHM
m=DPHQMDYDROMD}
2GYLMWHYŀLJDOQRVYHÏNRLQYYDOM
QDOLMWHRNURJ POPRWRUQHJD
ROMD3RQRYQRSULYLMWHYŀLJDOQR
VYHÏNRLQSRÏDVLSRWHJQLWH
]DJRQVNRYUYLFRWDNRGDVHROMH
UD]SRUHGL
2GVWUDQLWHXPD]DQLMRRNURJ
PRWRUMDSRG]DģÏLWQLPSRNURYRP
PRWRUMDLQRNURJL]SXģQHFHYL
0HVWDNMHUELODKNRSULģORGR
NRUR]LMHSUHYOHFLWHVWDQNR
SODVWMRROMD
2GORŀLWHJDQDÏLVWRVXKRLQGREUR
SUH]UDÏHYDQRPHVWRWRGDQHY
EOLŀLQLVWURMHYNLGHODMRV
SODPHQRPDOLDODUPQROXÏNRQSU
RJUHYDOQLVLVWHPERMOHU]DYURÏR
YRGRDOLVXģLOQDQDSUDYD]DSHULOR
,]RJLEDMWHVHWXGLSRGURÏMHPY
NDWHULKVHQDKDMDQHNDNģHQ
HOHNWURPRWRUNLSURL]YDMDLVNURDOL
VHYQMHPXSRUDEOMDMRHOHNWULÏQD
RURGMD
9NROLNRUMHPRŀQRQHELVPHOL
L]EUDWLQLWLVNODGLģÏQLKSURVWRURY
]YLVRNRYODJRY]UDNXNHUWR
SRVSHģXMHSRMDYUMHLQNRUR]LMR
3ULRGODJDQMXSRVWDYLWHVWURMQD
UDYQRSRYUģLQR9QDJQMHQHP
SRORŀDMXODKNRL]WHNDJRULYRDOL
ROMH
3RVWRSHNSRGDOMģHP
RGODJDQMX
3UHJOHMWHPRWRUNRWMHRSLVDQRY
RGGHONXm.RQWURODSUHG
]DÏHWNRPREUDWRYDQMD}
ÎHVWH]DUDGLRGODJDQMDL]SXVWLOL
JRULYRQDSROQLWHUH]HUYRDUV
VYHŀLPEHQFLQRPÎHLPDWHSUL
URNLNDQLVWHU]EHQFLQRP]D
SROQMHQMHSRVNUELWHGDERY
QMHPVYHŀLEHQ]LQ
ÎHMHYDOMPHGRGODJDQMHPELO
QDROMHQVHERPHG]DJRQRP
SRMDYLORPDORGLPD7RMH
QRUPDOQR
*DUDQFLMD
9VYDNLGUŀDYLYHOMDMRMDPVWYHQD
GRORÏLODNLMLKMHREMDYLODQDģD
NRPSDQLMDDOLXYR]QLN9ÏDVX
JDUDQFLMHEUH]SODÏQRRGSUDYLPR
YVHPRWQMHQDVWURMXÏHMHY]URN]D
PRWQMRQDSDNDYPDWHULDOXDOLY
L]GHODYL9SULPHUXJDUDQFLMVNH
]DKWHYHVHREUQLWHQDSURGDMDOFDDOL
QDMEOLŀMHSUHGVWDYQLģWYR
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Navodilo za obratovanje motorju Slovensko

,VNDQMHQDSDNH
1DSRWHN
9SULPHUXSRSUDYLONLSUHVHJDMR]JRUDMQDYHGHQDGHODSURVLPRGDVH]JODVLWHSULYDģHPSURGDMDOFXNLLPD
VHUYLVQRVOXŀERYYDģLVRVHģÏLQL
1DSRWHN
*OHGHQDPRGHOVHSULNDŀHPRWQMDPRWRUMDVSULND]RYDOQROXÏNRDOLVSRURÏLORPQDSDNHPRWRU(QJLQHQD
NRPELQLUDQHPSULND]XQDSUDYH9WHPSULPHUXVHREUQLWHQDYDģHJD]DVWRSQLNDVVHUYLVQRVOXŀER
1DSDND 0RŀHQY]URN 3RPRÏ
0RWRUVHQHYUWL 1LJRULYDYUH]HUYRDUMX 5H]HUYRDUQDSROQLWHVÏLVWLPVYHŀLPLQ
QHRVYLQÏHQLPJRULYRP
3RVWDQRJRULYR 3RVWDQRJRULYRL]SXVWLWHQDSURVWHPY
SULPHUQRSRVRGR5H]HUYRDUQDSROQLWHV
ÏLVWLPVYHŀLPLQQHRVYLQÏHQLPJRULYRP
9WLÏYŀLJDOQHVYHÏNHQLQDWDNQMHQ 1DWDNQLWHYWLÏYŀLJDOQHVYHÏNHQDVYHÏNR
9ŀLJDOQDVYHÏNDMHXPD]DQDDOL
SRģNRGRYDQD
2ÏLVWLWHYŀLJDOQRVYHÏNR
1DNQDGQRQDVWDYLWHUD]GDOMRPHG
HOHNWURGDPDDOL]DPHQMDMWHYŀLJDOQR
VYHÏNR
5RÏLFD]DSOLQQLYSUDYHPSRORŀDMX 5RÏLFR]DY]YRGSUHPDNQLWHY
SRORŀDM
=DPDģHQDMHFHY]DEHQFLQ 'DMWHGDVHFHY]DEHQFLQRÏLVWL 
2NYDUMHQDYDURYDOND =DPHQMDMWHYDURYDONR
2NYDUMHQ]DJDQMDOQLN 3UHYHULWH]DJDQMDOQLN
0RWRUMHYKODGQHPVWDQMXÏRNÏHMH
YJUDMHQRQLYNORSOMHQ
8SRUDELWHÏRN
0RWRUQHSUDYLOQRGHOXMH
FXND
9WLÏYŀLJDOQHVYHÏNHMHRKODSQR
QDWDNQMHQ
1DPHVWLWHSUDYLOQRYWLÏYŀLJDOQHVYHÏNH
3RVWDQRJRULYR
9RGDDOLQHÏLVWRÏDYVLVWHPX]DJRULYR
3RVWDQRJRULYRL]SXVWLWHQDSURVWHPY
SULPHUQRSRVRGR5H]HUYRDUQDSROQLWHV
ÏLVWLPVYHŀLPLQQHRVYLQÏHQLPJRULYRP
9ŀLJDOQDVYHÏNDVHMHSUHJUHODMH
SRNYDUMHQDDOLMHUD]GDOMDPHG
HOHNWURGDPDSUHYHOLND
1DNQDGQRQDVWDYLWHUD]GDOMRPHG
HOHNWURGDPDDOL]DPHQMDMWHYŀLJDOQR
VYHÏNR
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MH]DPDģHQD
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=UDÏQLGXģLOHFÏHREVWDMDDNWLYLUDQ 9UQLWLQD]DMY]YRG]UDÏQHJDGXģLOFD
0RWRUVHSUHJUHYD 3UHPDORPRWRUQHJDROMD .DUWHUPRWRUMDQDSROQLWH]XVWUH]QR
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Hrvatski Uputa za rad motoru
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6DGUŀDM
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Uputa za rad motoru Hrvatski

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Hrvatski Uputa za rad motoru
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SRWURģLXURNXRG GDQD
ದ 8UH]HUYRDUX]DJRULYRQHPRMWH
GUŀDWLJRULYREH]VWDELOL]DWRUD
GXŀHRGGDQDXVXSURWQRP
PRŀHGRÉLGRJXELWNDJDUDQFLMH
ದ 9RGLWLUDÏXQDRWRPHGDX
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3DŀQMD
3UHSXQMHQMDJRULYRPRVWDYLWLPRWRU
EDUGYDPLQXWDGDVHKODGL
3ULGUŀDYDMWHVHQDSRPHQDL]
XSXWVWYD]DXSRWUHEXNRMLVH
RGQRVHQDWRÏHQMHJRULYDLNRQWUROX
QLYRDJRULYD
6OLNDYLGLXSXWVWYR]DXSRWUHEX
3UHVNLGDQMDSRNORSFDQD
UH]HUYRDUXLSXQMHQMDJRULYRP
RÏLVWLWLSRGUXÏMHRNRSULNOMXÏND]D
SXQMHQMH
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SXQMHQMHLOLGRNQLYRJRULYDQH
GRVWLJQHPDNVLPDOQXYLVLQX
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]DYLVQRRGWLSDPRWRUDWDNRGD
JRULYRPRŀHGDVHģLUL
-30º -20º -10º 0º 10º 20º 30º 40º
(ºC)
5W-30
30
10W-30
Synthetic 5W-30
background
Uputstvo za rad motoru Srpski

3RNUHWDQMHPRWRUD
6OLND
2SDVQRVW
5XNHLQRJHXYHNXGDOMLWLRG
SRNUHWQLKGHORYD1HNRULVWLWL
SRPRÉQHVSUDYH]DSRNUHWDQMHNRML
VXSRGSULWLVNRP,VSDUHQMDVX
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2SDVQRVW
3ULGUŀDYDWLVHVYLKNRPDQGQLK
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XUHÓDMDQDNRPMHRYDMPRWRU
PRQWLUDQ
1DSRPHQH
ದ 1HNLPRGHOLQHPDMXSULJXģLYDÏ
YD]GXKD0RWRUVHDXWRPDWVNL
SRGHģDYDQDGDWLSRVWXSDN
SRNUHWDQMD
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NRULģÉHQMHPSULJXģLYDÏD
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VSROMDģQMDWHPSHUDWXUDYLVRND
ದ 3UHSRÏHWNDXSRWUHEHXUHÓDMD
SXVWLWLPRWRUGDUDGLQHNROLNR
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,VNOMXÏLWLVYHSRJRQVNHDJUHJDWH
SRJRQSRVWDYLWLXQHXWUDOQL
SRORŀDM1LILNVLUDWLNRÏQLFX]D
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SULJXģLYDÏYD]GXKDVOLNDD
RGQSROXJX]DJDVSRVWDYLWL
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ದ .RQWDNWNOMXÏXPHWQLWHX
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ದ .OMXÏ]DSDOMHQMHVOLND FG
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JDEDUXWUDMDQMXRG
 VHNXQGLSUHPDGROHGRNVH
PRWRUQHSRNUHQH
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3RNXģDMVWDUWRYDQMDWUHEDGDWUDMH
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SRORŀDM
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SRVWDYLWHXSRORŀDM RGQ
SULWLVQLWHNRQWDNWNOMXÏVOLNDH
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3UHREDYOMDQMDVYLKUDGRYDNDRģWR
VXQDSUUDGRYLQDRGUŀDYDQMXL
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RGREULR9UģHQMHSRSUDYNLSUHSX
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UDGLRQLFL
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XÏLQDNQHRSKRGQHVXUHGRYQH
NRQWUROHLQDNQDGQRSRGHģDYDQMH
PRWRUD5HGRYQRRGUŀDYDQMH
JDUDQWXMHGXJLUDGQLYHN
3RWUHEQLLQWHUYDOLRGUŀDYDQMDLYUVWD
UDGRYDQDRGUŀDYDQMXNRMHWUHED
VSURYRGLWLQDYHGHQLVXXVOHGHÉRM
WDEHOL7UHEDVHSULGUŀDYDWL
LQWHUYDODSUHPDUDGQLPÏDVRYLPD
RGQGUXJLPYUHPHQVNLP
SRND]DWHOMLPD]DYLVQRRGWRJDNRML
YUHPHQVNLWUHQXWDNUDQLMHQDVWXSL
8VOXÏDMXUDGDSRGRWHŀDQLP
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RGUŀDYDQMD
1DNUDMXVH]RQHGDMWHDSDUDWX
VSHFLMDOL]RYDQXUDGLRQLFXUDGL
NRQWUROHLRGUŀDYDQMD
!
!
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background
Srpski Uputstvo za rad motoru

3ODQRGUŀDYDQMD
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.RQWURODXOMD
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9RGLWLUDÏXQDRWRPHGDVHXYHN
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9LGLರ.RQWURODQLYRDXOMDರ
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2SDVQRVW
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GRUDNDNRŀHDNRÏHģÉHLQDGXŀH
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0DGDWDYHURYDWQRÉDQHSRVWRML
VYHGRNVHVYDNRGQHYQRQHUDGL
VDVWDULPXOMHPLSDNMHXSXWQR
QDNRQUDGDVDVWDULPXOMHPģWR
SUHWHPHOMQRRSUDWLUXNH
VDSXQRPLYRGRP
ದ 8OMHLVSXVWLWLGRNMHPRWRUMRģ
WRSDRDOLQHYLģHYUXÉSULWRPÉH
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LVSXģWDQMDXOMDSRWUHEQRMH
RVWDYLWLPRWRUGDUDGLRQROLNR
GXJRGRNVHQHLVSUD]QL
UH]HUYRDU]DJRULYR
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ದ 9HQWLO]DLVSXģWDQMHXOMD
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ದ 3RQRYR]DWYRULWLYHQWLO]D
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 XVPHUXNUHWDQMDND]DOMNH
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SUHSRUXÏHQLPXOMHPLSURYHULWL
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!
background
Uputstvo za rad motoru Srpski

=DPHQDILOWHUD]DXOMH
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Srpski Uputstvo za rad motoru
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3ROXJD]DJDVQLMHXSUDYLOQRMSR]LFLML 3ROXJX]DJDVSRVWDYLWLXSUDYLOQX
SR]LFLMX
=DÏHSOMHQYRG]DEHQ]LQ 'DWLGDVHYRG]DEHQ]LQRÏLVWL
2VLJXUDÏMHQHLVSUDYDQ =DPHQLWLRVLJXUDÏ
6WDUWHUMHQHLVSUDYDQ 3URYHULWLVWDUWHU
0RWRUXKODGQRPVWDQMXSULJXģLYDÏ
YD]GXKDDNRSRVWRMLQLMHDNWLYLUDQ
$NWLYLUDWLSULJXģLYDÏYD]GXKD
0RWRUQHSUDYLOQRUDGL
]DVWDMNXMH
8WLNDÏVYHÉLFH]DSDOMHQMHODEDYR
QDPHģWHQ
ÎYUVWRQDPHVWLWLXWLNDÏVYHÉLFH]DSDOMHQMH
8VWDMDORJRULYR
9RGDLOLQHÏLVWRÉDXVLVWHPX]DJRULYR
8VWDMDORJRULYRLVSXVWLWLQDVORERGQRP
SURVWRUXXSRJRGQXSRVXGX
5H]HUYRDUQDSXQLWLÏLVWLPVYHŀLPL
EH]RORYQLPJRULYRP
6YHÉLFD]DSDOMHQMHSUHJUHMDQDGHIHNWQDLOL
MHUDVWRMDQMHL]PHÓXHOHNWURGDSUHYHOLNR
1DNQDGQRSRGHVLWLUDVWRMDQMHL]PHÓX
HOHNWURGDLOL]DPHQLWLVYHÉLFX]DSDOMHQMH
=DÏHSOMHQYHQWLODFLRQLRWYRUQDSRNORSFX
UH]HUYRDUD
2ÏLVWLWLSRNORSDFUH]HUYRDUD
9D]GXģQLILOWDU]DSUOMDQ 2ÏLVWLWLRGQ]DPHQLWLYD]GXģQLILOWHU
3ULJXģLYDÏYD]GXKDDNRSRVWRMLMH
DNWLYLUDQ
3ULJXģLYDÏYD]GXKDYUDWLWLXSRÏHWQL
SRORŀDM
0RWRUVHSUHJUHMDYD 3UHPDORPRWRUQRJXOMD .DUWHUPRWRUDQDSXQLWLRGJRYDUDMXÉRP
NROLÏLQRPXOMD
5HEUD]DKODÓHQMHPRWRUDVX]DSUOMDQD 2ÏLVWLWLUHEUD]DKODÓHQMH
 2YHUDGRYHPRŀHGDVSURYHGHVDPRVWUXÏQDUDGLRQLFD
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M 
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+
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
M


ದ 

M
ದ .

ದ +


Ͱ
M
M
-
M
ದ 



ͰMದ


Ͱ
Ͱ
ದ .M
M
Ͱ
«

Ͱ+M
MͰ
ದ +M



Ͱ

ದ 



ದ +
MͲ


ದ+
ದ M


M



ದ Ͱ

ͲͰ


ದ +M
ͲͰ
ದ 
Ͱ
M
ದ 
M


ದ +
Ͱ
ದ 

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ɍɩɚɬɫɬɜɨɡɚɤɨɪɢɫɬɟʃɟɦɨɬɨɪɨɬ Ɇɚɤɟɞɨɧɫɤɢ

ದ +M

M
MͰ


MͲ


M

Ͱ



M
ದ +M


ದ +
Ͱ
MͲ

Ͱ
M
M
Ͱ
M


ದ M
M
M
ದ +MM





+Ͱ


ದ Ͱ
Ͱ
M
Ͳ
Ͱ
ͲͰ
ದ Ͱ

Ͱ
ದ +
Ͱ
ͲͰ






M

M

ದ Ͱ



ದ M

ದ 




Ͱ









ದ 


ದ 

ದ M

ದ +


ದ 





Ͱ
Ͱ





Ͱ
+

Ͱ

+




Ͱ

Ͱ

Ͱ
M

Ͱ
Ͱ

Ͱ




+

M
M
M






M 
M
Ͱ
Ͱ
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Ɇɚɤɟɞɨɧɫɤɢ ɍɩɚɬɫɬɜɨɡɚɤɨɪɢɫɬɟʃɟɦɨɬɨɪɨɬ
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

Ͱ



Ͱ

ͲͰ
EͲ







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

M
Ͱ


+


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M6-
M




M
6:


Ͳ

M


Ͱ


M



M


Ͱ




Ͱ
M

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
M
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

ಱ0ಯ


MͰ


+

Ͱ
Ͱ

ͲͰ


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

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Ͱ


ದ +M


ͰͰ



ದ MͰ



M
M


ದ MͲ
Ͱ

Ͱ

ದ +M

ದ .

ದ .
M

ದ +
M
ದ M


ದ 

ದ

Ͱ

ದ M
M



Ͱ
M


Ͱ

Ͱ
ದ
Ͱ
-30º -20º -10º 0º 10º 20º 30º 40º
(ºC)
5W-30
30
10W-30
Synthetic 5W-30
background
ɍɩɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɡɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɟʃɟ ɦɨɬɨɪɨɬ Ɇɚɤɟɞɨɧɫɤɢ

Ͱ

Ͱ
M
Ͱ

P
Ͱ
Ͱ




Ͱ




+
Ͱ




Ͱ
Ͱ
M

ದ +


Ͱ
ದ 



ದ 




1


M
 E 

DM
 E

Ͱ
 FGH
ದ Ͱ

ದ Ͱ
 FG 

ದ 
Ͱ.Ͱ


ದ Ͱ
H
Ͱ

 

ದ Ͱ

Ͱ

M

ͲM
M

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M


ದ 



ದ 






M





+
M
M



M

Ͱ

Ͱ


ದ 
Ͱ

ದ 
Ͱ






Ͱ

Ͱ

Ͱ











Ͳ
Ͱ
ͰͲ
Ͱ
ͰM





Ͱ


Ͱ





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ɍɩɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɡɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɟʃɟ ɦɨɬɨɪɨɬ Ɇɚɤɟɞɨɧɫɤɢ

ದ 
Ͱ

 Ͱ



+



Ͱ



ದ
ಱಯ

Ͱ




0

ದ 
«

Ͳ

ದ 


 ದ 


ದಱ
ಯ
M






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Ͱ+M
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
ͲͰ
M
MͲ
Ͱ
ͰM
.Ͳ
M
ͲͰ

+MMͲ
ͰM

ͰͲ
ͲͰ
ದ ͲͰ

ದ ͲͰ
 ದ  
+Ͳ
Ͱ

Ͱ





Ͱ
Ͱ

Ͱ
M
MM
M
M
M



+M
ͰMͲ


Ͱ



+M


M
Ͱ
Ͱ

Ͱ 






.M
 

Ͱ

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
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

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MͲ
 PO

MMͲ


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

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M
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M


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

Ͱ
MͲ
Ͱ
M
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Bosanski Upute za rad motora
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background
Bosanski Upute za rad motora
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background
Upute za rad motora Bosanski
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RKODGL
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DNRÉHVHSRQRYQRNRULVWLWL
5D]PDNL]PHÓXHOHNWURGDPMHULWL
OLVQDWLPPMHULORP5D]PDNSR
SRWUHELPDORGRWMHUDWLVDYLMDQMHP
ERÏQHHOHNWURGH
5D]PDNHOHNWURGDWUHEDREL
L]QRVLWL ದ PPVOLND
3URYMHULWLMHOL]DSWLYQLSUVWHQ
VYMHÉLFH]DSDOMHQMHXGREURP
VWDQMX]DWLPVYMHÉLFX]DSDOMHQMH
UXNRPXYUQXWLGDELVHL]EMHJOR
RģWHÉHQMHQDYRMD
.DGDMHVYMHÉLFDUXÏQR
XÏYUģÉHQDÏYUVWRMH]DWHJQXWL
NOMXÏHP]DVYMHÉLFH]DSDOMHQMH
3DŀQMD
6YMHÉLFX]DSDOMHQMHQH]DWH]DWL
SUHYLģHÏYUVWR3ULGUŀDYDWLVH
VOLMHGHÉLKYULMHGQRVWLSUL]DWH]DQMX
VYMHÉLFHNOMXÏHP]DVYMHÉLFH]D
SDOMHQMH
ದ QRYXVYMHÉLFXQDMYLģH REUWDMD
ದ NRULģWHQXVYMHÉLFX]DSDOMHQMH
PDNVLPDOQR ದ  RNUHWDMD
6YMHÉLFDNRMDQLMHGREUR]DWHJQXWD
PRŀHSRVWDWLYUORYUXÉDLRģWHWLWL
PRWRU
2GUŀDYDQMHILOWHUD]D
EHQ]LQ
2YLUDGRYLRGUŀDYDQMDVPLMXVH
L]YRGLWLVDPRXVSHFLMDOL]RYDQRM
UDGLRQLFLXVNODGXVSODQRP
RGUŀDYDQMD
ÎLģÉHQMHPRWRUD
$NRMHPRWRUSULMHWRJDUDGLRSULMH
ÏLģÉHQMDJDRVWDYLWLGDVHKODGL
QDMPDQMHMHGDQVDW5HGRYQR
RGVWUDQMXMWHQDNXSOMHQXSUOMDYģWLQX
L]PRWRUD2ÏLVWLWL]DģWLWXSUVWLMXL
SRGUXÏMHRNRLVSXģQHFLMHYL=DWR
NRULVWLWLÏHWNXLOLNRPSULPLUDQL]UDN
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Bosanski Upute za rad motora

3DŀQMD
0RWRUUDGLÏLģÉHQMDQHSUVNDWL
YRGRPMHUELWRPRJORRQHÏLVWLWL
JRULYR9RGDL]FULMHYD]DEDģWXLOL
XUHÓDMD]DÏLģÉHQMHSRGYLVRNLP
SULWLVNRPPRŀHSURGULMHWLXL]GXYQL
RWYRULRģWHWLWLPRWRU
2SDVQRVW
1DNXSOMHQDQHÏLVWRÉDRNRLVSXģQH
FLMHYLELPRJODGRYHVWLGRSRŀDUD
2YRSRGUXÏMHSULMHVYDNHXSRWUHEH
SURYMHULWLLRÏLVWLWL
6NODGLģWHQMH
1DSRPHQD
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JRULYRVHPRŀHGRGDWLVWDELOL]DWRU
2EUDWLWHVHVYRPVSHFLMDOL]LUDQRP
WUJRYFXLOLUDGLRQLFLVHUYLVQHVOXŀEH
.RGPRWRUDNRMLVXXVNODGLģWHQL
GXŀHRG GDQDQHELWUHEDORGD
LPDJRULYDXUH]HUYRDUXGDELVH
L]EMHJORVWYDUDQMHWDORJDXVLVWHPX
]DGRYRGJRULYDRVRELWRQDYDŀQLP
GLMHORYLPDNDUEXUDWRUD
0RWRUSXVWLWLGDUDGLGRNX
UH]HUYRDUXQHEXGHYLģHJRULYDL
GRNVHPRWRUQH]DXVWDYL
=DPLMHQLWLXOMH9LGLಱ=DPMHQD
XOMDಯ
,]YDGLWHVYMHÉLFX]DSDOMHQMHLX
FLOLQGDUQDVSLWHRNRPO
PRWRUQRJXOMD3RQRYRPRQWLUDMWH
VYMHÉLFX]DSDOMHQMHLNUDWNR
SULWLVQLWHVWDUWHUWDNRGDVHXOMH
UDVSRUHGL
2GVWUDQLWH]DSUOMDQMDRNR
PRWRUDLVSRG]DģWLWH]DSUVWHL
LVSRGRNRLL]DL]GXYQHFLMHYL
0MHVWDNRMDELPRJODKUÓDWL
SRGPDŀLWHWDQNLPVORMHPXOMD
XYDWLQDÏLVWRPVXKRPLGREUR
SURYMHWUDYDQRPPMHVWXQHXEOL]LQL
DSDUDWDNRMLUDGHVSODPHQRPLOL
XSR]RUQRPODPSLFRPQDSU
XUHÓDML]DJULMDQMHERMOHUL]DYUXÉX
YRGXLOLVXģLOLFHUXEOMD7UHEDOREL
WDNRÓHUL]EMHJDYDWLSRGUXÏMDX
NRMLPDVHQDOD]LHOHNWURPRWRUNRML
SURL]YRGLLVNUHLOLXNRMHPVH
NRULVWHHOHNWULÏQLDODWL
8NROLNRMHPRJXÉHWDNRÓHUQHEL
WUHEDORELUDWLPMHVWD]D
VNODGLģWHQMHVYLVRNRPYODJRPX
]UDNXMHURYRSRGVWLÏHVWYDUDQMH
UÓHLNRUR]LMX
$SDUDWUDGLÏXYDQMDXVNODGLģWLWL
QDUDYQRMSRUYUģLQL8VOLMHG
QDJQXWRJSRORŀDMDPRŀHL]OD]LWL
JRULYRLOLXOMH
3RVWXSDNQDNRQGXŀHJ
VNODGLģWHQMD
0RWRUSURYMHULWLNDRģWRMH
RSLVDQRXRÓHOMNXಱ3URYMHUDSULMH
UDGDಯ
$NRMHJRULYRLVSXģWHQRUDGL
VNODGLģWHQMDUH]HUYRDUQDSXQLWL
VYMHŀLPEHQ]LQRP$NRSRVWRML
NDQLVWDU]DEHQ]LQUDGL
GROLMHYDQMDJRULYDYDOMDORELSD]LWL
QDWRGDVHXQMHPXQDOD]LVYMHŀ
EHQ]LQ
$NRMHFLOLQGDU]DYULMHPH
VNODGLģWHQMDELRSRGPD]DQ
XOMHPPRWRUSULOLNRPSRNUHWDQMD
UD]YLMDQHģWRGLPD7RMH
QRUPDOQR
*DUDQFLMD
8VYDNRM]HPOMLYDŀHJDUDQWQH
RGUHGEHNRMHMHL]GDODQDģD
NRPSDQLMDLOLXYR]QLN0LEHVSODWQR
RWNODQMDPRVPHWQMHVYDģHJ
DSDUDWDXRNYLUXJDUDQFLMHXNROLNR
MHX]URNVPHWQMHJUHģNDQD
PDWHULMDOXLOLSURL]YRGQDJUHģND
8VOXÏDMXNRMLSRGOLMHŀHJDUDQFLML
REUDWLWHVHVYRPSURGDYDÏXLOL
QDMEOLŀRMILOLMDOL
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Upute za rad motora Bosanski

7UDŀHQMHJUHģDND
1DSRPHQD
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YDģRMEOL]LQL
1DSRPHQD
=DYLVQRRGPRGHODVPHWQMHQDPRWRUXVHSULND]XMXSRPRÉXVLJQDOQHODPSLFHLOLNDRSRUXNDRJUHģFL(QJLQH
QDNRPELQLUDQRPGLVSOHMXDSDUDWD8WRPVOXÏDMXVHREUDWLWHVYRPVSHFLMDOL]LUDQRPWUJRYFXLOLUDGLRQLFLVHUYLVQH
VOXŀEH
*UHģND 0RJXÉLX]URN 3RPRÉ
0RWRUVHQHSRNUHÉH 1HPDJRULYDXUH]HUYRDUX 5H]HUYRDUQDSXQLWLÏLVWLPVYMHŀLPL
EH]RORYQLPJRULYRP
8VWDMDORJRULYR 8VWDMDORJRULYRLVSXVWLWLYDQLXSRGHVQX
SRVXGX5H]HUYRDUQDSXQLWLÏLVWLP
VYMHŀLPLEH]RORYQLPJRULYRP
8WLNDÏVYMHÉLFH]DSDOMHQMHQLMHXPHWQXW 8WLNDÏVYMHÉLFH]DSDOMHQMHQDPMHVWLWLQD
VYMHÉLFX
6YMHÉLFD]DSDOMHQMH]DSUOMDQDLOL
QHLVSUDYQD
2ÏLVWLWLYD]GXģQLILOWDU
'RWMHUDWLUD]PDNL]PHÓXHOHNWURGDLOL
]DPLMHQLWLVYMHÉLFX]DSDOMHQMH
3ROXJD]DJDVQLMHXSRORŀDMX 6WDYLWHSROXJX]DJDVXSRORŀDM
=DÏHSOMHQYRG]DEHQ]LQ 'DWLGDVHYRG]DEHQ]LQRÏLVWL
2VLJXUDÏQHLVSUDYDQ =DPLMHQLWHRVLJXUDģ
6WDUWHUQHLVSUDYDQ 3UHNRQWUROLģLWHVWDUWHU
0RWRUXKODGQRPVWDQMXSULJXģLYDÏ]UDND
DNRSRVWRMHQLVXDNWLYLUDQL
3ULWLVQLWHSULJXģLYDÏ
0RWRUQHUHGRYQRUDGL
SRVNDNXMH
8WLNDÏVYMHÉLFH]DSDOMHQMHODEDYR
QDPMHģWHQ
8WLNDÏVYMHÉLFH]DSDOMHQMHÏYUVWR
QDPMHVWLWL
8VWDMDORJRULYR
9RGDLOLQHÏLVWRÉDXVLVWHPX]DGRYRG
JRULYD
8VWDMDORJRULYRLVSXVWLWLYDQLXSRGHVQX
SRVXGX5H]HUYRDUQDSXQLWLÏLVWLP
VYMHŀLPLEH]RORYQLPJRULYRP
6YMHÉLFD]DSDOMHQMHMHQDJRUMHOD
QHLVSUDYQDLOLMHUD]PDNL]PHÓXHOHNWURGD
SUHYHOLN
'RWMHUDWLUD]PDNL]PHÓXHOHNWURGDLOL
]DPLMHQLWLVYMHÉLFX]DSDOMHQMH
2G]UDÏQLRWYRUXSRNORSFXUH]HUYRDUD
]DÏHSOMHQ
2ÏLVWLWLSRNORSDFUH]HUYRDUD
)LOWDU]D]UDNMH]DSUOMDQ 2ÏLVWLWHRGQ]DPLMHQLWHILOWHU]D]UDN
$NWLYLUDQSULJXģLYDÏ]UDNDDNRSRVWRML 3ROXJXSULGXģLYDÏD]UDNDYUDWLWLXSRÏHWQL
SROR ɛ DM
0RWRUVHSUHJULMDYD 3UHPDORPRWRUQRJXOMD .XÉLģWHPRWRUDQDSXQLWLRGJRYDUDMXÉRP
NROLÏLQRPXOMD
5DVKODGQDUHEUDPRWRUDVX]DSUOMDQD 2ÏLVWLWHUDVKODGQDUHEUD
 2YLUDGRYLVHVPLMHL]YRGLWLVDPRXVSHFLMDOL]RYDQRMUDGLRQLFL
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

+


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
 
ದ





ದ 


ದ 

ದ 






+


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
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









 
%
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m}

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










ದ 




ದ 

ದ 

ದ +







ದ 









ದ 



+


ದ +





ದ 



ದ +


ದ +
ದ 





ದ 


 


ದ +

ದ 


ದ 



ದ +


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ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ

ದ 

ದ 














ದ +


ದ +




%
ದ
%



ದ 


ದ +




+



ದ 





ದ 


ದ +






+






ದ +



ದ 


ದ 


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

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


ದ 


ದ 

ದ 


ದ +



ದ +





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

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




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
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


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Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɨɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
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6:
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mP}
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
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ದ %

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
ದ 

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+



ದ +
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

ದ 






ದ 

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
ದ +
ದ 


ದ 

ದ +
((
ದ 

 
ದ 

 ದ



ದ 

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








-30º -20º -10º 0º 10º 20º 30º 40º
(ºC)
5W-30
30
10W-30
Synthetic 5W-30
background
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ












 
%






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


ದ 



ದ 


ದ 




1



 E 


D

E


 FGH
ದ 

ದ 
 FG


ದ 


ದ 
 H


 

ದ 

 

 





 


1







 FG 

 H





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
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 
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
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
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

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ದ 
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
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
 ದ  

 
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ದ 







ದ 






ದ 





ದ 



ದ 



ದ
ದ 






ದ 




ದ 

ದ 


ದ 


ದ 


ದ 


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ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ Ȼɴɥɝɚɪɫɤɢ
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ದ 





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




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



ದ 


ದ 










ದ 


ದ 








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ದ 
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
ದ 
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
ದ 
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
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
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ದ 

ದ 
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ದ 
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
ದ 
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ದ 
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
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
ದ 
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
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
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

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 
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6:
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
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
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
ದ 
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

ದ 




ದ 
ದ 

ದ 

ದ 

ದ 

 
ದ 

ದ



ದ 








ಱ
ಯ
ದ





-30º -20º -10º 0º 10º 20º 30º 40º
(ºC)
5W-30
30
10W-30
Synthetic 5W-30
background
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ Ȼɴɥɝɚɪɫɤɢ


FP













¢







ದ 



ದ 




ದ 





1

 E
 

D

E


 FGH
ದ 

ದ 
 FG 

ದ 

ದ 
 H

 

ದ 


 
 

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ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ Ȼɴɥɝɚɪɫɤɢ
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Eesti Kasutusjuhend Motor
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6LVXNRUG
'RNXPHQGLJD¾PEHUN¦LPLQH 
7HLHRKXWXVHKXYLGHV
$QGPHGPRRWRULNRKWD
.RUUDOGXVHGN¦LWDPLVHNV
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0RRWRULSXKDVWDPLQH 
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7HJXWVHJHVHOOHM¦UJLMDKRLGNHVHH
HGDVSLGLVHNDVXWXVHWDUYLVDODO
UJHOXEDJHNXQDJLVHDGHW
NDVXWDGDODVWHOY·LWHLVWHOLVLNXWHO
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WXWYXQXG
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VHDGHWN¦VLWVHGDದNRKDOLNXG
Q·XGHGY·LYDGNDVXWDMD
PLQLPDDOVHYDQXVNLQGODNV
P¦¦UDWD
6HHMXKHQGVLVDOGDE
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VHRWXGRKWXGHOH
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7¦KHOHSDQX
7¦KLVWDERKWOLNNXROXNRUGD
1·XDQGHVWPLWWHNLQQLSLGDPLVHO
Y·LYDGWHNNLGDNHUJHGYLJDVWXVHG
Y·LPDWHULDDOQHNDKMX
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7¦KLVWDEQ·XDQGHLGNDVXWDPLVHNV
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3LOW
1HHGDQGPHGRQY¦JDROXOLVHG
KLOLVHPDNVLGHQWLILWVHHULPLVHNV
VHDGPHYDUXRVDGHWHOOLPLVHO
QLQJNOLHQGLWHHQLQGXVHMDRNV
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7HLHRKXWXVHKXYLGHV
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NDVXWXVMXKHQGLRKXWXVMDN¦VLWVH
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PLVMXKLVHLG
3ODKYDWXVMDWXOHRKW
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SODKYDWXVRKWOLNXG7XOHNDKMXY·L
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S·OHWXVKDDYXY·LVXUPD.XL
EHQVLLQVDWXENHKDOHY·LU·LYDVWHOH
SHVWDQDKNRWVHNRKHSXKWDNVQLQJ
YDKHWDGDU·LYDG
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ODVWDY¦KHPDOWNDNVPLQXWLW
MDKWXGDHQQHNXLDYDGDN¾WXVH
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SDDJLNRUN
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PDKXWHLG
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V·LGXNLVYHGXNLVY·LWHKLVDLQHVW
YRRGHUGLVHJDSRROKDDJLVHV
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PDDSLQQDOHMDV·LGXNLVW
QDWXNHQHNDXJHPDOH
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PDDSLQQDO.XLVHHHLROHY·L
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NDQLVWULVWPLWWHRWVHWDQNLPLV
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YRROLNXJDWDQNXULVW
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SDDJLY·LNDQLVWULW¦LWHRWVDNX
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WDWXG0LWWHILNVHHULGDKRRED
ದ .¾WXVHSDDNLHLWRKL¾OHOLLDW¦LWD
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NDNVVHQWLPHHWULWYDEDNVHW
N¾WXVVDDNVSDLVXGD
ದ +RLGDN¾WXVHHPDOV¦GHPHWHVW
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NLQQLVHVUXXPLVNXQDWHNLYDG
NHUJHVWLV¾WWLYDGDXUXG
ದ 0LWWHVXLWVHWDGD
ದ .RQWUROOLGDN¾WXVHYRROLNXLGN¾WX
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VHSDDNLN¾WXVHSDDJLNRUNLMD
¾KHQGXVGHWDLOHWLKWLSUDJXGHY·L
OHNHWHVXKWHV9DMDGXVHO
YDKHWDGDY¦OMD
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HWV¾¾WHN¾¾QDOY¦OMDODVNHWRUX
N¾WXVHSDDJLNRUNMD·KXILOWHURQ
PRQWHHULWXG
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WHN¾¾QDORQPRQWHHULPDWD
ದ .XLN¾WXVWO¦NVPDKDRRGDWD
HQQHPRRWRULN¦LYLWDPLVWNXQL
N¾WXVRQDXUXQXG
ದ 6HDGPHWHN¦LWDPLVHOPLWWHNDO
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OXWDGDPRRWRULWQLLPRRGLHWN¾WXV
Y·LEY¦OMDORNVXGD
ದ UJHNDVXWDJHPRRWRULSHD
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WDPLVHNV·KXNODSSL
ದ 7UDQVSRUWLJHVHDGPHLGDODWL
W¾KMDN¾WXVHSDDJLJD
ದ UJHKRLGNHEHQVLLQLY·LW¦LV
N¾WXVHSDDJLJDVHDGPHLGN¾WWHV
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HDGPHWHDKMXGHNXXPDYHHERL
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OHULWHY·LPXXGHV¾¾WHOHHNLY·L
PXXGV¾¾WHDOOLNDWRPDYDWH
VHDGPHWHO¦KHGXVHVNXQDQHHG
Y·LYDGS·KMXVWDGDEHQVLLQL
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DXUXGHV¾WWLPLVH
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.DVXWXVMXKHQG0RWRU (HVWL
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3ODKYDWXVMDWXOHRKW
0RRWRULN¦LYLWDPLVHOWHNLYDG
V¦GHPHG1HHGY·LYDGV¾¾GDWD
O¦KHGXVHVROHYDGNHUJHVWLV¾WWLYDG
DXUXG6HHY·LES·KMXVWDGD
SODKYDWXVHY·LWXOHNDKMX
ದ 0LWWHN¦LYLWDGDPRRWRULWNDKMX
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VWDWXGJDDVLM·XOW¸¸WDYDWH
VHDGPHWHO¦KHGXVHV
ದ 0LWWHNDVXWDGDVXUYHDOOROHYDLG
N¦LYLWXVDELVLGNXQDQHQGHDXUXG
RQNHUJHVWLV¾WWLYDG
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S·KMXVWDGDSHDS¸¸ULWXVWPLQHVWXVW
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ದ 0LWWHN¦LYLWDGDHJDODVWDPRRWRULO
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VLLVNXLXNVHGY·LDNQDGRQ
DYDWXG
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LJDVWXVRKW
(NVOLNN¦LYLWXVY·LES·KMXVWDGD
UDVNHLGYLJDVWXVLWXOHNDKMXY·L
HOHNWULO¸¸JL
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GLVWXVY·LUHPRQWW¸¸G
HHPDOGDGDDODWLV¾¾WHN¾¾QOD
SLVWLNMDKRLGDVHHV¾¾WHN¾¾QODVW
HHPDO
ದ 6¾¾WHWHVWLGHNVNDVXWDGDDLQXOW
KHDNVNLLWXRPDYDWV¾¾WHWHVWULW
ದ 0LWWHWHKDV¾¾WHWHVWLHHPDOGDWXG
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7¸¸WDYPRRWRUHUDOGDENXXPXVW
0RRWRULRVDGHULWLY¦OMDODVH
O¦KHYDG¦¦UPLVHOWNXXPDNV1HQGH
SXXGXWDPLQHY·LES·KMXVWDGD
UDVNHLGS·OHWXVL
6¾WWLYPDWHUMDOQDJXOHKHGURKL
S··VDGMQHY·LYDGWXOGY·WWD
ದ /DVWDY¦OMDODVHVLOLQGULSORNNMD
MDKXWXVULELGHQQHSXXGXWDPLVW
PDKDMDKWXGD
ದ +RLGDODSVHGNXXPDVWY·L
W¸¸WDYDVWPRRWRULVWHHPDO
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MDODVNHMDVLOLQGULO¦KHGXVHVW
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6¾¾WHV¦GHPHGY·LYDGS·KMXVWDGD
WXOHNDKMXY·LHOHNWULO¸¸JL
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LJDVWXVRKW
3¸¸UOHYDGGHWDLOLGY·LYDGULLYDWD
N¦VLMDOJXMXXNVHLGU·LYDLGY·L
U·LYDVWXVHRVLY·LQHLGNDDVD
UHELGD6HHY·LEWHNLWDGDUDVNHLG
YLJDVWXVL
ದ 6HDGHWN¦LWDGDDLQXOWSDLJDO
-
GDWXGNDLWVHVHDGLVWHJD
ದ +RLGDN¦HGMDMDODGS¸¸UOHYDWHVW
RVDGHVWHHPDO
ದ 3LNDGMXXNVHGVLGXGDHQQHW¸¸OH
-
KDNNDPLVWNRNNXMDHHPDOGDGD
HKWHG
ದ 0LWWHNDQGDORKYDNDLGULLGHLGULS
-
SXYDLGSDHOXY·LGHWDLOHPLV
Y·LYDGPDVLQDVVHNLQQLM¦¦GD
ದ 2WVH¾KHQGDWXGNRPSRQHQGLG
QDJXO·LNHQRDGSXKXULWLLYLN
DMDPLRVDGMQHSHDYDGROHPD
NLQGODOWNLQQLWDWXG
2
KWHOHNWULO¸¸JLW·WWX
H
OHNWHUN¦LYLWXVVHDGLVHJD
P
RRWRULWHSXKXO
0LWWHSXXGXWDGDVLVVHO¾OLWDWXG
V¾¾WHY·LW¸¸WDYDPRRWRULNRUUDO
NXQDJLHOHNWULMXKWPHLGY·LHOHNWULOLVL
NRRVWHGHWDLOH1HHGY·LYDG
HOHNWULO¸¸NLS·KMXVWDGD
9
LJDVWXVRKW6HDGPH
N
DKMXVWDPLVHRKW
7HKDVHVVHDGLVWDWXGPRRWRUL
VHDGLVWXVLHLWRKLPXXWD
6HDGPHOROHYDGV¾PEROLG
0RRWRULODVXYDGRKXWXVMD
KRLDWXVMXKLVHGPLGDNXMXWDWDNVH
V¾PEROLWHY·LSLNWRJUDPPLGHJD
NVLNXWHOV¾PEROLWHORQM¦UJPLQH
W¦KHQGXV
7¦KHOHSDQX+RLDWXV
RKXDOOLNDHHVW
(QQHN¦LNXY·WPLVW
OXJHGD
NDVXWXVMXKHQGLW
+RLDWXVNXXPD
SHDOLVSLQQDHHVW
+RLDWXVP¾UJLVWH
DXUXGHHHVW
%HQVLLQRQ
V¾WWLPLVRKWOLN
7DQNLGDSOLLYDED
N¾WXVW
9LKPDJDHOHNWULN¦LYLWLW
PLWWHNDVXWDGD
+RLGDQHHGV¾PEROLGVHDGPHODODWL
ORHWDYDVVHLVXQGLV
$VHQGDJHNDKMXVWDWXGY·LHQDP
PLWWHORHWDYDGV¾PEROLG
$QGPHGPRRWRULNRKWD
*UDDILOLVHGNXMXWLVHGY·LYDG
¾NVLNDVMDGHVVRHWDWXGVHDGPHVW
N·UYDOHNDOGXGD
9·UUHOJHMRRQLVW RPDVHDGPHJD
MDYDDGDNHNXVDVXYDGHULQHYDG
MXKWQLQJVHDGHHOHPHQGLG
background
(HVWL .DVXWXVMXKHQG0RWRU

3LOW
KXILOWULNDWH
OLY¦OMDODVNHYHQWLLO
(OHNWHUN¦LYLWL
KXILOWHU
OLILOWHU
OLW¦LWHNRUNP··WHYDUUDV
D6¾¾WHN¾¾QDO
E6¾¾WHN¾¾QODSLVWLN
6·UPHVLVHVWXVNDLWVH
.RUUDOGXVHGN¦LWDPLVHNV
7HRVWDWDYDGNRQWUROOW¸¸G
H
QQHPRRWRULN¦LYLWDPLVW
6RRYLWDWDYDG·OLVRUGLG
7¦KHOHSDQX
6HDGHWDUQLWDNVHLOPDN¾WXVHWDMD
NRRV·OLJDPRRWRULV.XLPRRWRULW
N¦LWDWDNVHLOPDSLLVDYD·OLNRJXVHWD
Y·LEVHHPRRWRULWROXOLVHOW
NDKMXVWXGD1HHGNDKMXVWXVHGHL
NXXOXJDUDQWLLDOOD
.RQWUROOLGDHQQHPRRWRUL
N¦LYLWDPLVW·OLWDVHWMDYDMDGXVH
NRUUDOOLVDGD
0LWWHYDODGDVLVVHOLLJDSDOMX
OLSDDNPDKXWDEXPEHV
 OLLWULW
.DVXWDGDDLQXOWWDNWL·OLVLG6-Y·L
N·UJHPDNODVVLILNDWVLRRQLJD·OLVLG
OLYLVNRRVVXVYDOLGDV·OWXYDOW
Y¦OLVWHPSHUDWXXULVWDOOM¦UJQHYDVW
WDEHOLVW
6$(:VRRYLWDWDNVH¾OGLVHNV
NDVXWDPLVHNVQRUPDDOVHV
WHPSHUDWXXULYDKHPLNXV
.XLNDVXWDWDNVHPRQRYLVNRRVVHW
·OLWXOHNVVHHYDOLGDWDEHOLVW
YDVWDYDOWNDVXWXVSLLUNRQQD
NHVNPLVHOHWHPSHUDWXXULOH
7¦KHOHSDQX
0DGDODPDNYDOLWHHGLJD·OLY·L
NDKHWDNWLOLVWHPRRWRULWH·OL
NDVXWDPLVHJDY·LEPRRWRULHOXLJD
O¾KHQHGDY·LPRRWRUNDKMXVWXGD
OLWDVHPHNRQWUROOLPLQH
7¦KHOHSDQX
.RQWUROOLPLVHOS¸¸UDWDW¦KHOHSDQX
VHOOHOHHWVHDGHDVHWDWDNV
Y¦OMDO¾OLWDWXGPRRWRULJDWDVDVHOH
SLQQDOH
3XKDVWDGDSLLUNRQGP··WHYDUGD
¾PEHULJDNRUGHQQHP··WHYDUGD
Y¦OMDY·WPLVWSLOW
3LOW
(HPDOGDGD·OLSDDJLNRUN MD
S¾KNLGD·OLP··WHYDUUDVSXKWDNV
/¾NDWD·OLP··WHYDUUDV
W¦LWHRWVDNXVVHMDSLQJXWDGDNLQQL
9·WWD·OLP··WHYDUUDVM¦OOHY¦OMDMD
NRQWUROOLGD·OLWDVHW.XLWDVHRQ
OLLJDPDGDONDOODWDDHJODVHOWYHLGL
·OLNXQLP··WHYDUGD¾OHPLVH
P¦UJLVWXVHQLಱPD[ರMXXUGH
.HHUDWD·OLP··WHYDUUDVHQQH
PRRWRULN¦LYLWDPLVWN·YDVWLNLQQL
7¦KHOHSDQX
0LWWHOLVDGDOLLJDSDOMX·OL.XL
YDODWDNVHVLVVHOLLJDSDOMX·OLY·LE
VHHS·KMXVWDGDPRRWRULNDKMXVWXVL
VXLWVXHULWXPLVWN¦LYLWXVSUREOHHPH
Y·LV¾¾WHN¾¾QODWDKPXPLVW
6RRYLWDWDYDGN¾WXVHG
2KW
ದ %HQVLLQRQWHDWXGWLQJLPXVWHO
¦¦UPLVHOWNHUJHVWLV¾WWLYQLQJ
SODKYDWXVRKWOLN
ದ 7DQNLGDDLQXOWK¦VWL·KXWDWXG
NHVNNRQQDVMDY¦OMDO¾OLWDWXGPRR
-
WRULJD7DQNLPLVSLLUNRQQDVY·L
N¾WXVWHKRLXVWDPLVSDLJDVHLWRKL
VXLWVHWDGDQLQJN·LNV¾¾WHDOOLNDG
WXOHEY¦OMDO¾OLWDGD
ದ %HQVLLQLSDDNLHLWRKLNDOODWDOLLJD
W¦LVW¦LWHWRUXVHLWRKLROODN¾WXVW
3¦UDVWWDQNLPLVWM¦OJLGDHWSDDJL
NRUNROHNVNLQGODOWVXOHWXG
ದ -¦OJLGDHWWDQNLPLVHOHLORNVXNV
N¾WXVWPDKD0DKDORNVXQXG
N¾WXVY·LEHQVLLQLDXUXGY·LYDG
V¾WWLGD.XLN¾WXVWO¦NVPDKD
M¦OJLGDHWNRKWRQNXLYDQXG
HQQHNXLPRRWRULWXXHVWLN¦LYLWD
-
WDNVH
ದ 9¦OWLGDNRUGXYDWY·LSLNHPDD
-
MDOLVWDXUXGHVLVVHKLQJDPLVW
0
RRWRULNDKMXVWXVWHRKW
ದ 0LWWHVHJDGDN¾WXVW·OLJD
ದ .DVXWDGDDLQXOWSXKDVWY¦UVNHW
MDSOLLYDEDN¾WXVW
ದ .DVXWDGDDLQXOWN¾WXVWPLOOH
RNWDDQDUYRQY·LN·UJHP
ದ 0LWWHNDVXWDGD((VSHWVLIL
-
NDWVLRRQLJDN¾WXVW
ದ 9DUXGDN¾WXVWDLQXOWNRJXVHV
PLVWDUELWDNVHS¦HYDMRRNVXO
ದ 0LWWHM¦WWDSDDNLLOPDVWDELOLVDD
-
WRULWDN¾WXVWNDXHPDNVNXL
 S¦HYDNVದPXLGXY·LEVHH
S·KMXVWDGDJDUDQWLLSUHWHQVLRR
-
QL·LJXVHNHKWHWXNVPXXWXPLVW
ದ -¦OJLGDHWSDDNLHLVDWXNV
PXVWXVWWROPXY·LYHWW
.¾WXVHWDVHPHNRQWUROOLPLQH
7¦KHOHSDQX
(QQHWDQNLPLVWODVWDPRRWRULO
Y¦KHPDOWNDNVPLQXWLWMDKWXGD
-¦UJLGDVHDGPHNDVXWXVMXKHQGLV
EHQVLLQLW¦LWHWDVHPHNRQWUROOLPLVH
MDWDQNLPLVHJDVHRQGXYDLG
MXKLVHLG
3LOWದYWVHDGPHNDVXWXVMXKHQGLW
(QQHN¾WXVHSDDJLNRUJL
HHPDOGDPLVWMDWDQNLPLVW
SXKDVWDGDW¦LWHWRUX¾PEUXV
7¦LWDSDDNXPEHVFPDOODSRROH
W¦LWHRWVDNXNDHODY·LNXQLW¦LWHWDVH
RQVDDYXWDQXGPDNVLPDDOVH
W¦LWHN·UJXVHYDVWDYDOW
Q¦LGXLQGLNDDWRULOHROHQHYDOW
WHRVWXVHVWQLLHWN¾WXVVDDNV
SDLVXGD
-30º -20º -10º 0º 10º 20º 30º 40º
(ºC)
5W-30
30
10W-30
Synthetic 5W-30
background
Kasutusjuhend Motor Eesti

0RRWRULN¦LYLWDPLQH
3LOW
2KW
.¦HGMDMDODGKRLGDDODWLOLLNXYDWHVW
RVDGHVWHHPDO0LWWHNDVXWDGD
VXUYHDOOROHYDLGN¦LYLWXVDELVLG
$XUXGRQV¾WWLPLVRKWOLNXG
2KW
-¦UJLGDN·LNLVHOOHVHDGPH
NDVXWXVMXKHQGLNDVXWXVQ·XDQGHLG
PLOOHN¾OJHN¦HVROHYPRRWRURQ
PRQWHHULWXG
-XKLVHG
ದ 2VDGHOPXGHOLWHOSXXGXE
VHJXULNDVWXVVHDGLV0RRWRU
UHJXOHHULEN¦LYLWXVWDXWRPDDWVHOW
ದ 7DYDOLVHOWSROHYDMDOLN
VHJXULNDVWXVVHDGLVWNDVXWDGD
NXLPRRWRURQVRHY·L
¾PEUXVWHPSHUDWXXURQN·UJH
ದ /DVWDPRRWRULOHQQHVHDGPHJD
W¸¸WDPLVWP·QLPLQXWVRRMDNV
W¸¸WDGD
/¾OLWDGDN·LNDMDPLDJUHJDDGLG
Y¦OMDVHDGDDMDP
QHXWUDDODVHQGLVVH1MD
ILNVHHULGDVHLVXSLGXUNXL
ROHPDV
6HDGDJDDVLKRRESLOW E
SHDOH
.¾OPDPRRWRULJDW·PPDWD
VHJXULNDVWXVVHDGLVWSLOWDY·L
YDVWDYDOWVHDGDJDDVLKRRE
SHDOHSLOWE
5DNHQGDJHV¾¾WHY·WLWROHQHYDOW
V¾¾WHOXNXVWSLOW FGH
ದ 3LVWNHV¾¾WHY·WLV¾¾WHOXNNX
ದ .HHUDWDV¾¾WHY·WLSLOW FG
SHDOHNXQLPRRWRUW¸¸WDE
ದ /DVNHV¾¾WHY·WLODKWL
6¾¾WHY·WLVHLVDE
SHDO
Y·L
ದ 3LVWNHV¾¾WHY·WLSLOWH
V¾¾WHOXNNXMDYDMXWDJH
Y¦KHPDOW VHNXQGLWDOOD
NXQLPRRWRUW¸¸WDE
ದ /DVNHV¾¾WHOXNNODKWL
-XKLV
.¦LYLWXVNDWVHSHDNVNHVWPDPD[
VHNXQGLW2RGDNHHQQHM¦UJPLVW
NDWVHW VHNXQGLW
6HDGDVHJXULNDVWXVVHDGLVW
DHJODVHOWWDJDVL
6HDGDJDDVLKRREDWDJDVL
NXQLPRRWRUW¸¸WDEUDKXOLNXOW
0RRWRULVHLVNDPLQH
3LOW
/¾OLWDGDN·LNDMDPLDJUHJDDGLG
Y¦OMDVHDGDDMDP
QHXWUDDODVHQGLVVH1MD
ILNVHHULGDVHLVXSLGXUNXL
ROHPDV
6HDGNHJDDVLKRRENHVNPLVVH
JDDVLDVHQGLVVH
/DVWDPRRWRULOXVHNXQGLW
W¸¸WDGD
6HDGNHV¾¾WHY·WLSLOWFG
SHDOHY·LYDMXWDJHV¾¾WHY·WLWSLOW
HDOODMDODVNHODKWL
7·PPDNHV¾¾WHY·WLHHVW¦UD
(QQHVHDGPHMXXUHVWODKNXPLVW
ILNVHHULGDVHLVXSLGXUNXL
ROHPDV
+RROGXVSXKDVWDPLQH
2KW
(QQHN·LJLW¸¸GHQDJXQWKRROGXV
MDSXKDVWXVW¸¸GHWHRVWDPLVW
VHLVDWDPRRWRUMDODVWDPDKD
MDKWXGD7·PPDWDV¾¾WHY·WLHHVW
¦UD
(WY¦OWLGDHNVOLNNXN¦LYLWXPLVW
HHPDOGDGDDODWLV¾¾WHN¾¾QODSLVWLN
7¦KHOHSDQX
ದ 0RRWRULY·LPVXVMDN¾WXVHNXOXRQ
WRRWMDSRROWRSWLPDDOVHOWVHDGL
-
VWDWXG1HLGVHDGLVWXVLWRKLE
PXXWDDLQXOWWRRWMDY·LYROLWDWXG
VSHWVLDOLVW
ದ .XLPRRWRULWWXOHEVHDGPHWUDQV
-
SRUWLPLVHNV¾OHYDDWXVHNVY·L
PXVWXVHHHPDOGDPLVHNVNDO
-
OXWDGDVLLVNDOOXWDGDDODWLQLLHW
V¾¾WHN¾¾QDORQ¾OHVSRROHVXX
-
QDWXGHWN¾WXVHY·L·OLW·WWXHL
VDDPRRWRUNDKMXVWXVWHNNLGD
ದ 7UDQVSRUWLGDVHDGHWV·LGXNLWHO
DODWLW¾KMDN¾WXVHSDDJLJD
ದ 9DUXRVDGSHDYDGYDVWDPDYDO
-
PLVWDMDSRROWNLQGODNVP¦¦UDWXG
Q·XGPLVWHOH
ದ 6HOOHS¦UDVWNDVXWDJHDLQXOWRULJL
-
QDDOYDUXRVLY·LWRRWMDSRROWKHDNV
NLLGHWXGYDUXRVL5HPRQWLODVNH
WHRVWDGDDLQXOWVSHWVLDDOVHV
W¸¸NRMDV
6¦LOLWDPDNVS¾VLYDOWN·UJHW
M·XGOXVWRQK¦GDYDMDOLNXGPRRWRUL
UHJXODDUVHGLQVSHNWHHULPLVHGMD
UHJXOHHULPLVHG5HJXODDUQH
KRROGXVWDJDESLNDW¸¸HD
1·XWDYDGKRROGXVLQWHUYDOOLGMD
WHRVWDWDYDWHKRROGXVW¸¸GHOLLNRQ
¦UDWRRGXGDOOM¦UJQHYDVWDEHOLV
,QWHUYDOOLGHVWW¸¸WXQGLGHY·LPXXGH
DMDOLVWHQ¦LWDMDWHM¦UJLWXOHNVNLQQL
SLGDGDYDVWDYDOWVHOOHOHPLOOLQH
DMDKHWNYDUHPN¦WWHM·XDE
5DVNHQGDWXGWLQJLPXVWHVN¦LWXVHO
RQQ·XWDYDGVDJHGDVHPDG
KRROGXVHG
/DVNHKRRDMDO·SSHGHVVHDGH
VSHWVLDDOVHVW¸¸NRMDV¾OH
NRQWUROOLGDMDKRROGDGD
!
!
!
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Eesti Kasutusjuhend Motor

+RROGXVJUDDILN

6XXUHPDNRRUPXVHY·LN·UJHWH¾PEUXVWHPSHUDWXXULGHSXKXO

+RROGDGDWROPXVHV¾PEUXVNRQQDVN¦LWDPLVHOVDJHGDPLQL
OLWDVHPHNRQWUROO
(QQHLJDPRRWRULN¦LYLWDPLVW
NRQWUROOLGD·OLWDVHW
-¦OJLGDHW·OLWDVHROHNVDODWL
Q·XHWHNRKDQH9DDWDಱOLWDVHPH
NRQWUROOLPLQHರ
OLMD·OLILOWULYDKHWDPLQH
2KW
ದ 9DQDPRRWRUL·OLY·LEWHNLWDGD
QDKDY¦KNLNXLVHHVDWXEVDJHOL
MDSLNHPDNVDMDNVQDKDJDNRQ
-
WDNWL(KNNLVHHRQHEDW·H
-
Q¦ROLQHVHQLNDXDNXLLJDS¦HY
YDQD·OLJDNRNNXHLSXXWXWDRQ
RPHWLP·LVWOLNS¦UDVWYDQD·OLJD
W¸¸WDPLVWQLLNLLUHVWLNXLY·LPDOLN
N¦HGVHHELMDYHHJDSXKWDNV
SHVWD
ದ /DVWD·OLY¦OMDNXLPRRWRURQYHHO
VRHNXLGPLWWHHQDPNXXPQLL
YRRODE·OLY¦OMDNLLUHVWLMDW¦LH
-
OLNXOW
ದ .XLVHDGHWWXOHE·OLY¦OMDODVN
-
PLVHNVNDOOXWDGDVLLVODVWDPRR
-
WRULOVHQLNDXDW¸¸WDGDNXQL
N¾WXVHSDDNRQW¾KL
-XKLV
9DQD·OL·OLILOWHUXWLOLVHHULGD
YDVWDYDOWNHKWLYDWHOH
NHVNNRQQDNDLWVHQ·XHWHOH
6RRYLWDWDYRQYLLDYDQD·OLWLKHGDOW
VXOHWXGPDKXWLVYDQD·OL
NRJXPLVSXQNWL0LWWHYLVDWD
ROPHSU¾JLKXONDHJDYDODGDPDKD
QLQJODVWDPDDVVHLPEXGD
OLYDKHWXV
3LOW
$VHWDGDVHDGHWDVDVHOHSLQQDOH
MDNLQGOXVWDGD¦UDYHHULPLVH
YDVWX
(HPDOGDGD·OLSDDJLNRUN
/DVWD·OLOVRELYDVVHPDKXWLVVH
Y¦OMDMRRVWD
ದ .DWWHNODSL
PDKDW·PEDPLVHJD·OL
Y¦OMDODVNHYHQWLLOLOW
ದ .HHUDWD·OLY¦OMDODVNHYHQWLLOL
S¸¸UHWYDVWXS¦HYDMD
W·PPDWDVDPDDHJVHOW
HWWHYDDWOLNXOWHWWHSRROH
-XKLV
.XLYDMDOLNVDDERSWVLRQDDOVH·OL
Y¦OMDODVNHYRROLNX·OL
Y¦OMDODVNHYHQWLLOLSHDOHO¾NDWD
ದ 6XOJHGDWDDV·OL
Y¦OMDODVNHYHQWLLO6HOOHNV
YDMXWDGD·OLY¦OMDODVNHYHQWLLO
VLVVHMDVXOJHGD S¸¸UGHJD
S¦ULS¦HYD
7¦LWD·OLSDDNVRRYLWDWXG·OLJD
QLQJNRQWUROOLGD·OLWDVHW
3DLJDOGDGD·OLSDDJLNRUNRPD
NRKDOH
OLILOWULYDKHWXV
3LOW
/DVWD·OLY¦OMDದYWಱOLYDKHWXVಯ
6XOJHGDWDDV·OLY¦OMDODVNHYHQWLLO
.UXYLGD·OLILOWHUPDKD
0¦¦ULGDXXH·OLILOWULWLKHQGLW
Y¦UVNH·OLJD
+RROGXVW¸¸
LJDNRUG
HQQH
NDVXWDPLVW
HVLPHVH W¸¸WXQQL
M¦UHO
NRUGKRRDMDMRRNVXOY·L
LJDWXQQLM¦UHO
NRUGKRRDMDMRRNVXOY·L
LJDWXQQLM¦UHO
0RRWRUL·OLWDVHPHNRQWUROO
0RRWRUL·OLYDKHWXV

OLILOWULYDKHWXV

6¾¾WHN¾¾QDOGHNRQWUROO
6¾¾WHN¾¾QDOGHKRROGXV
9¦OMDODVNHDODSXKDVWXV
0RRWRULNDWWH
SXKDVWDPLQH
KXILOWULNRQWUROOLPLQH
KXILOWULKRROGXV

0RRWRULMDKXWXVULELGH
SXKDVWXV
%HQVLLQLILOWULSXKDVWDPLQH
6·UPHGHVLVHVWXVNDLWVPH
SXKDVWDPLQH
!
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Kasutusjuhend Motor Eesti

8XH·OLILOWULPRQWHHULPLQH
ದ .HHUDWD·OLILOWULWN¦HJDSHDOH
NXQLU·QJDVWLKHQGWRHWXE
YDVWXPRRWRULNRUSXVW
ದ 3LQJXWDGD·OLILOWHUVSHWVLDDOVHW
·OLILOWULY·WLWNDVXWDGHV
 ದ  1PNLQQLY·L
SLQJXWDGDN¦HJDNXQL
 S¸¸UHWHGDVLNLQQL
9DODGD·OLVLVVHMDNLQQLWDGDWDDV
·OLW¦LWHNRUNದYWಱOLYDKHWXVಯ
.¦LYLWDGDPRRWRUMDODVWDKHWN
W¸¸WDGD
6HLVDWDPRRWRUY¦OMDMDODVWD
PDKDMDKWXGD
.RQWUROOLGD·OLILOWULWWLKHGXVH
VXKWHV
.RQWUROOLGDMDYDMNRUUDO
NRUULJHHULGD·OLWDVHWದYW
ಱOLWDVHPHNRQWUROOLPLQHಯ
KXILOWULKRROGXV
8PPLVWXQXG·KXILOWHUSLLUDE·KX
MXXUGHYRROXNDUEXUDDWRULVVH
.DUEXUDDWRULY¦¦UWDOLWOXVH
HQQHWDPLVHNVWXOHNV·KXILOWULW
UHJXODDUVHOWKRROGDGD
¦UPLVHOWWROPXVHV¾PEUXVNRQQDV
Y·LYDGRVXWXGDYDMDOLNXNV
VDJHGDVHPDGKRROGXVHG
2KW
KXILOWULSXKDVWDPLVHNVHLWRKL
NXQDJLNDVXWDGDEHQVLLQLY·L
PDGDODOHHNSXQNWLJDODKXVWHLG
9DOLWVHEWXOHMDSODKYDWXVRKW
7¦KHOHSDQX
UJHODVNHPRRWRULONXQDJLW¸¸WDGD
LOPD·KXILOWULWD7DJDM¦UMHNVY·LE
ROODPRRWRULNDKMXVWXVY·LPRRWRUL
VXXUHPNXOXPLQH
-XKLV
3DEHUILOWULWHLVDDSXKDVWDGD
3LOW
7¸¸VDPPXGHV$Q¦LGDWDNVH
·KXILOWULGHPRQWDDŀLMDPRQWDDŀL
SLOWLGHQD
9DEDVWDGDP·OHPDGWLLEPXWULG
MDY·WWD·KXILOWULNDWHPDKD
'HPRQWHHULGDWLLEPXWWHUMD
DOXVVHLE·KXILOWULOWQLQJY·WWD
WHUYLNOLN·KXILOWHU PDKD
9·WWDYDKWNXPPHHOILOWHU
SDEHUILOWULOWPDKD
$VHQGDJHSDEHUILOWHU
P¦¦UGXPLVHY·LNDKMXVWXPLVH
NRUUDO
3XKDVWDGDYDKWNXPP
HHOILOWHU DVHQGDGD
NDKMXVWXPLVHNRUUDO
9·WWDYDKWNXPPHHOILOWHU
SXKDVWDPLVHNVSDEHUILOWULOWPDKD
MDSXKDVWDGDPDMDSLGDPLV
SXKDVWXVYDKHQGLQLQJVRRMDYHH
ODKXVHJD/DVWDHQQHXXHVWL
WDDVSDLJDOGDPLVWS·KMDOLNXOW
NXLYDGD
-XKLV
0LWWHNDWWDYDKWNXPPHHOILOWULW
NXQDJL·OLJD
3DQQD·KXILOWHUWHUYLNXQDNRNNXMD
SDQQDNRUUHNWVHOW¾PDUDDYDJD
VLVVHODVNHRWVDNXSHDOH
.LQQLWDJH·KXILOWHU
VDPPXV HHPDOGDWXGWLLEPXWUL
MDDOXVVHLELJD
0RQWHHULGD·KXILOWULNDWH
3LQJXWDGDP·OHPDG
WLLEPXWULG WDDVN¦HM·XJD
NLQQL
6¾¾WHN¾¾QODKRROGXV
2KW
/DVWDPRRWRULOPDKDMDKWXGD
0LWWHWHKDV¾¾WHWHVWLHHPDOGDWXG
V¾¾WHN¾¾QODJD0LWWHN¦LYLWDGD
PRRWRULWHHPDOGDWXG
V¾¾WHN¾¾QODJD
(WPRRWRUNRUUDOLNXOWW¸¸WDNVSHDE
V¾¾WHN¾¾QODV¦GHYDKHROHPD
Q·XHWHOHYDVWDYDOWVHDGLVWDWXGQLQJ
PXVWXVHVWYDED
3LOWMD
7·PPDWDV¾¾WHN¾¾QODSLVWLN
PDKDMDNHHUDWDN¾¾QDO
V¾¾WHN¾¾QODY·WPHJDY¦OMD
7HRVWDGDV¾¾WHN¾¾QODYLVXDDOQH
NRQWUROO9DKHWDGDN¾¾QDOY¦OMD
NXLVHHRQLOPVHOJHOWNXOXQXGY·L
LVRODDWRUNDKMXVWDWXG
3XKDVWDGDN¾¾QDOWUDDWKDUMDJD
NXLVHGDWDKHWDNVHXXHVWL
NDVXWDGD
0··WDV¦GHYDKHWOHKWNDOLLEULJD
9DMDGXVHOUHJXOHHULGDYDKHW
SDLQXWDGHVVHOOHNVSLVXWN¾OJPLVW
HOHNWURRGL6¦GHYDKHSHDNV
ROHPD ದ PP SLOW
.RQWUROOLGDNDVV¾¾WHN¾¾QOD
NDHOXVWLKHQGRQNRUUDVVLLV
NHHUDWDV¾¾WHN¾¾QDON¦HJD
VLVVHHWY¦OWLGDNHHUPH
NDKMXVWDPLVW
.XLN¾¾QDORQNLQGODOWSDLJDV
NHHUDWDV¾¾WHN¾¾QODY·WPHJD
N·YDVWLNLQQL
7¦KHOHSDQX
0LWWHSLQJXOGDGDV¾¾WHN¾¾QDOWOLLJD
N·YDVWL3LGDGDVLOPDVM¦UJPLVL
Y¦¦UWXVLN¾¾QODSLQJXOGDPLVHO
V¾¾WHN¾¾QODY·WPHJD
ದ XXHV¾¾WHN¾¾QODNRUUDOPDNVL
-
PDDOVHOWS¸¸UHW
ದ NDVXWDWXGV¾¾WHN¾¾QODNRUUDO
PDNVLPDDOVHOW ದ  S¸¸UHW
.RUUDOLNXOWSLQJXOGDPDWD
V¾¾WHN¾¾QDOY·LEPLQQDY¦JD
NXXPDNVQLQJNDKMXVWDGDPRRWRULW
%HQVLLQLILOWULKRROGXV
/DVWDQHLGKRROGXVW¸LGWHRVWDGD
DLQXOWRVNXVW¸¸NRMDVYDVWDYDOW
KRROGXVSODDQLOH
0RRWRULSXKDVWDPLQH
.XLPRRWRURQHHOQHYDOWW¸¸WDQXG
ODVWDVHOHQQHSXKDVWDPLVW
Y¦KHPDOWWXQGDHJDMDKWXGD
(HPDOGDGDPRRWRULOWUHJXODDUVHOW
PXVWXVHNRJXPLG3XKDVWDGD
V·UPHNDLWVHMDY¦OMDODVNH¾PEUXV
6HOOHNVNDVXWDGDKDUMDY·L
VXUX·KNX
7¦KHOHSDQX
0LWWHSULWVLGDPRRWRULW
SXKDVWDPLVHNVYHHJDNXQDVHH
Y·LNVN¾WXVWUHRVWDGD$LDYRROLNX
Y·LN·UJVXUYHSHVXULYHHMXJDY·LE
WXQJLGDVXPPXWLDYDVVHMDPRRWRULW
NDKMXVWDGD
2KW
0XVWXVHNRJXPLGY¦OMDODVNH¾PEHU
Y·LYDGS·KMXVWDGDWXOHNDKMX
.RQWUROOLGDMDSXKDVWDGDVHH
SLLUNRQGHQQHLJDNDVXWDPLVW
!
!
!
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Eesti Kasutusjuhend Motor

/DGXVWDPLQH
-XKLV
.XLKRLXDHJRQSLNHPNXL
 S¦HYDY·LEN¾WXVHOHOLVDGD
VWDELOLVDDWRULW3¸¸UGXJH
HGDVLP¾¾MDSRROHY·L
NOLHQGLWHHQLQGXVVH
0RRWRULWHOPLGDKRLXVWDWDNVH
NDXHPNXL S¦HYDHLWRKLNV
SDDJLVROODN¾WXVWHWY¦OWLGDM¦¦NLGH
WHNHWWRLWHV¾VWHHPLVHULWL
NDUEXUDDWRULROXOLVWHORVDGHO
/DVWDPRRWRULOW¸¸WDGDNXQL
SDDJLVHLROHHQDPN¾WXVWQLQJ
PRRWRUM¦¦EVHLVPD
9DKHWDGD·OL9DDWD
ಱOLYDKHWXVWರ
(HPDOGDGDV¾¾WHN¾¾QDOMD
YDODGDVLOLQGULVVHPO
PRRWRUL·OL0RQWHHULGD
V¾¾WHN¾¾QDOWDJDVLMDUDNHQGDGD
N¦LYLWLWHW·OLMDRWXNV
3XKDVWDGDPRRWRUL¾PEUXV
V·UPHNDLWVPHDOXQHMDVXPPXWL
DOXQHQLQJWDJXQHPXVWXVHVW
0¦¦ULGDSLLUNRQGLPLVY·LYDG
URRVWHWDGDNHUJH·OLNLKLJD
+RLGDSXKWDVNXLYDVMDK¦VWL
·KXWDWXGNRKDVQLQJNDXJHOODKWLVH
OHHJLY·LPXXV¾¾WHV¾VWHHPLJD
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Kasutusjuhend Motor Eesti
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9HDRWVLQJ
-XKLV
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Lietuviškai Naudojimo instrukcijos Variklio
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7XULQ\V
1DXGRMLPDVLVģLXR
GRNXPHQWX 
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1XURG\PDLGDUEXL
7HFKQLQLVDSWDUQDYLPDV
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9DULNOLRYDO\PDV
6DQGÙOLDYLPDV
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1DXGRMLPDVLVģLXR
GRNXPHQWX
3ULHģGLUEGDPLģLXRñUHQJLQLX
SLUPLDXVLDDWLGŀLDLSHUVNDLW\NLWH
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NRUSXVR
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DWVDUJLQHVñUHQJLQLRGDOLVLUWHLNLDQW
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SDWHNWĵDQWGUDEXŀLĵDUNĭQR
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WDOSDV
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PDģLQRMHDUSULHNDERMHVXSODVW
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SDEDLJRV1HQDXGRNLWHILN
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G\PXL
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ñWUĭNLPĵDUQHVDQGDUXPĵ(VDQW
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OLHWĵNXUDV
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WXģÏLXEDNX
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VXSULSLOG\WXEDNXDUWLģLOG\WXYĵ
NURVQLĵERLOHULĵDUNLWĵñWDLVĵ
NXULXRVH\UDVLJQDOLQÙVOHPSRV
DUNLWLJDOLPLJDLVURŀLGLQLDL
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Specifications

Indexed Terms: Zero Turn Mower

Cub Cadet 17AAEACS603 Questions and Answers

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