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77
studies demonstrated the existence of any harmful health
effects from wireless phone RF exposures. However, none
of the studies can answer questions about long-term
exposures, since the average period of phone use in these
studies was around three years.
5. What research is needed to decide whether RF
exposure from wireless phones poses a health risk?
A combination of laboratory studies and epidemiological
studies of people actually using wireless phones would
provide some of the data that are needed. Lifetime animal
exposure studies could be completed in a few years.
However, very large numbers of animals would be needed
to provide reliable proof of a cancer promoting effect if one
exists. Epidemiological studies can provide data that is
directly applicable to human populations, but 10 or more
years follow-up may be needed to provide answers about
some health effects, such as cancer. This is because the
interval between the time of exposure to a cancer-causing
agent and the time tumors develop - if they do- may be
many, many years. The interpretation of epidemiological
studies is hampered by difficulties in measuring actual RF
exposure during day-to-day use of wireless phones. Many
factors affect this measurement, such as the angle at which
the phone is held, or which model of phone is used.
6. What is the FDA doing to find out more about the
possible health effects of wireless phone RF?
The FDA is working with the U.S. National Toxicology
Program and with groups of investigators around the world
to ensure that high priority animal studies are conducted to
address important questions about the effects of exposure
to radiofrequency energy (RF). The FDA has been a leading
participant in the World Health Organization International
Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) Project since its inception in
1996. An influential result of this work has been the
development of a detailed agenda of research needs that
has driven the establishment of new research programs
around the world. The project has also helped develop a
series of public information documents on EMF issues. The
FDA and the Cellular Telecommunications & Internet
Association (CTIA) have a formal Cooperative Research and
Development Agreement (CRADA) to do research on
wireless phone safety. The FDA provides the scientific
oversight, obtaining input from experts in government,
industry, and academic organizations. CTIA-funded
research is conducted through contracts with independent
investigators. The initial research will include both
laboratory studies and studies of wireless phone users. The
CRADA will also include a broad assessment of additional
research needs in the context of the latest research
developments around the world.
Safety Guidelines
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