2015 Infiniti QX70/FX

Product's Documents

Below are documents related to this product, you can read online or download:

User Manual

This is the main product document for model 2015 INFINITI QX70/FX.

The file format is pdf, 522 pages, you can download this manual here .

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2015 Infiniti QX70 Owner’s Manual
Printing: April 2014 / OM15E0 0S51U0 / Printed in U.S.A.
For your safety, read carefully and keep in this vehicle.
2015 Infiniti QX70
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 1PXFS MJGU HBUF TXJUDI 1
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 3FGFS UP UIF TFQBSBUF /BWJHBUJPO 4ZTUFN
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 3BEJBUPS GJMMFS DBQ 1
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$IJME SFTUSBJOUT
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3FBSGBDJOH DIJME SFTUSBJOU JOTUBMMBUJPO
VTJOH UIF TFBU CFMUT 
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'PSXBSEGBDJOH DIJME SFTUSBJOU JOTUBMMBUJPO
VTJOH UIF TFBU CFMUT 
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4VQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
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 MCT  LH VTF UIF WFIJDMFT TFBU CFMU
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 MCT  LH VTF UIF WFIJDMFT TFBU CFMU
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 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
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TFF JG UIF CFMU IPMET UIF SFTUSBJOU JO
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 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
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QBTTFOHFS BJS CBH TUBUVT MJHIU
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JMMVNJOBUFE TFF g'SPOU QBTTFOHFS BJS
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SFTUSBJOU JT SFNPWFE TUPSF JU JO B TFDVSF
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#0045&3 4&"54
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 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
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ZPVS WFIJDMF QMBDF ZPVS DIJME JO UIF
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TVSF UP GPMMPX UIF CPPTUFS TFBU NBOV
GBDUVSFST JOTUSVDUJPOT GPS BEKVTUJOH UIF
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TFBU CFMU UPXBSE UIF SFUSBDUPS UP UBLF VQ
FYUSB TMBDL #F TVSF UIF TIPVMEFS CFMU JT
QPTJUJPOFE BDSPTT UIF UPQ NJEEMF QPS
UJPO PG UIF DIJMET TIPVMEFS #F TVSF UP
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JOTUSVDUJPOT GPS BEKVTUJOH UIF TFBU CFMU
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4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
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 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
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DPODFSOJOH UIF GPMMPXJOH TZTUFNT
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5IF */'*/*5* "EWBODFE "JS #BH 4ZTUFN DBO
IFMQ DVTIJPO UIF JNQBDU GPSDF UP UIF IFBE
BOE DIFTU PG UIF ESJWFS BOE GSPOU QBTTFOHFS
JO DFSUBJO GSPOUBM DPMMJTJPOT
'SPOU TFBUNPVOUFE TJEFJNQBDU TVQQMF
NFOUBM BJS CBH TZTUFN 5IJT TZTUFN DBO
IFMQ DVTIJPO UIF JNQBDU GPSDF UP UIF DIFTU
BOE QFMWJT BSFB PG UIF ESJWFS BOE GSPOU
QBTTFOHFS JO DFSUBJO TJEF JNQBDU DPMMJTJPOT
5IF TJEF BJS CBH JT EFTJHOFE UP JOGMBUF PO
UIF TJEF XIFSF UIF WFIJDMF JT JNQBDUFE
3PPGNPVOUFE DVSUBJO TJEFJNQBDU BOE
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TZTUFN DBO IFMQ DVTIJPO UIF JNQBDU GPSDF
UP UIF IFBE PG PDDVQBOUT JO GSPOU BOE SFBS
PVUCPBSE TFBUJOH QPTJUJPOT JO DFSUBJO TJEF
JNQBDU PS SPMMPWFS DPMMJTJPOT *O B TJEF
JNQBDU UIF DVSUBJO BJS CBHT BSF EFTJHOFE
UP JOGMBUF PO UIF TJEF XIFSF UIF WFIJDMF JT
JNQBDUFE *O B SPMMPWFS UIF DVSUBJO BJS CBHT
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6OEFS CPUI TJEFJNQBDU BOE SPMMPWFS TJUVB
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5IFTF TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFNT BSF
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UJPO QSPWJEFE CZ UIF ESJWFS BOE QBTTFOHFS
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4611-&.&/5"- 3&453"*/5 4:45&.
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8"3/*/(
. 5IF GSPOU BJS CBHT PSEJOBSJMZ XJMM OPU
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background
 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
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BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU
MPDBUFE JO UIF
NFUFS BOE HBVHFT BSFB XJMM CMJOL )BWF UIF
TZTUFN DIFDLFE CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
0UIFS TVQQMFNFOUBM GSPOUJNQBDU
BJS CBH QSFDBVUJPOT
8"3/*/(
. %P OPU QMBDF BOZ PCKFDUT PO UIF TUFFSJOH
XIFFM QBE PS PO UIF JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM
"MTP EP OPU QMBDF BOZ PCKFDUT CFUXFFO
BOZ PDDVQBOU BOE UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM PS
JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM 4VDI PCKFDUT NBZ
CFDPNF EBOHFSPVT QSPKFDUJMFT BOE DBVTF
JOKVSZ JG UIF GSPOU BJS CBHT JOGMBUF
. %P OPU QMBDF PCKFDUT XJUI TIBSQ FEHFT PO
UIF TFBU "MTP EP OPU QMBDF IFBWZ
PCKFDUT PO UIF TFBU UIBU XJMM MFBWF
QFSNBOFOU JNQSFTTJPOT JO UIF TFBU 4VDI
PCKFDUT DBO EBNBHF UIF TFBU PS PDDVQBOU
DMBTTJGJDBUJPO TFOTPST XFJHIU TFOTPST
5IJT DBO BGGFDU UIF PQFSBUJPO PG UIF BJS
CBH TZTUFN BOE SFTVMU JO TFSJPVT QFSTP
OBM JOKVSZ
. %P OPU VTF XBUFS PS BDJEJD DMFBOFST IPU
TUFBN DMFBOFST PO UIF TFBU 5IJT DBO
EBNBHF UIF TFBU PS PDDVQBOU DMBTTJGJDB
UJPO TFOTPST 5IJT DBO BMTP BGGFDU UIF
PQFSBUJPO PG UIF BJS CBH TZTUFN BOE
SFTVMU JO TFSJPVT QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ
. *NNFEJBUFMZ BGUFS JOGMBUJPO TFWFSBM GSPOU
BJS CBH TZTUFN DPNQPOFOUT XJMM CF IPU
%P OPU UPVDI UIFN ZPV NBZ TFWFSFMZ
CVSO ZPVSTFMG
. /P VOBVUIPSJ[FE DIBOHFT TIPVME CF
NBEF UP BOZ DPNQPOFOUT PS XJSJOH PG
UIF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH TZTUFN 5IJT JT
UP QSFWFOU BDDJEFOUBM JOGMBUJPO PG UIF
TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH PS EBNBHF UP UIF
TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH TZTUFN
. %P OPU NBLF VOBVUIPSJ[FE DIBOHFT UP
ZPVS WFIJDMFT FMFDUSJDBM TZTUFN TVTQFO
TJPO TZTUFN PS GSPOU FOE TUSVDUVSF 5IJT
DPVME BGGFDU QSPQFS PQFSBUJPO PG UIF GSPOU
BJS CBH TZTUFN
. 5BNQFSJOH XJUI UIF BJS CBH TZTUFN NBZ
SFTVMU JO TFSJPVT QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ 5BNQFS
JOH JODMVEFT DIBOHFT UP UIF TUFFSJOH
XIFFM BOE UIF JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM BTTFN
CMZ CZ QMBDJOH NBUFSJBM PWFS UIF TUFFSJOH
XIFFM QBE BOE BCPWF UIF JOTUSVNFOU
QBOFM PS CZ JOTUBMMJOH BEEJUJPOBM USJN
4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
background
 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
NBUFSJBM BSPVOE UIF BJS CBH TZTUFN
. 3FNPWJOH PS NPEJGZJOH UIF GSPOU QBT
TFOHFS TFBU NBZ BGGFDU UIF GVODUJPO PG
UIF BJS CBH TZTUFN BOE SFTVMU JO TFSJPVT
QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ
. .PEJGZJOH PS UBNQFSJOH XJUI UIF GSPOU
QBTTFOHFS TFBU NBZ SFTVMU JO TFSJPVT
QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ 'PS FYBNQMF EP OPU
DIBOHF UIF GSPOU TFBUT CZ QMBDJOH NBUF
SJBM PO UIF TFBU DVTIJPO PS CZ JOTUBMMJOH
BEEJUJPOBM USJN NBUFSJBM TVDI BT TFBU
DPWFST PO UIF TFBU UIBU JT OPU TQFDJGJ
DBMMZ EFTJHOFE UP BTTVSF QSPQFS BJS CBH
PQFSBUJPO "EEJUJPOBMMZ EP OPU TUPX BOZ
PCKFDUT VOEFS UIF GSPOU QBTTFOHFS TFBU
PS UIF TFBU DVTIJPO BOE TFBUCBDL 4VDI
PCKFDUT NBZ JOUFSGFSF XJUI UIF QSPQFS
PQFSBUJPO PG UIF PDDVQBOU DMBTTJGJDBUJPO
TFOTPST
. /P VOBVUIPSJ[FE DIBOHFT TIPVME CF
NBEF UP BOZ DPNQPOFOUT PS XJSJOH PG
UIF TFBU CFMU TZTUFN 5IJT NBZ BGGFDU UIF
GSPOU BJS CBH TZTUFN 5BNQFSJOH XJUI UIF
TFBU CFMU TZTUFN NBZ SFTVMU JO TFSJPVT
QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ
. 8PSL PO BOE BSPVOE UIF GSPOU BJS CBH
TZTUFN TIPVME CF EPOF CZ BO */'*/*5*
SFUBJMFS *OTUBMMBUJPO PG FMFDUSJDBM FRVJQ
NFOU TIPVME BMTP CF EPOF CZ BO */'*/*5*
SFUBJMFS 5IF 4VQQMFNFOUBM 3FTUSBJOU
4ZTUFN 434 XJSJOH IBSOFTTFT TIPVME
OPU CF NPEJGJFE PS EJTDPOOFDUFE 6O
BVUIPSJ[FE FMFDUSJDBM UFTU FRVJQNFOU BOE
QSPCJOH EFWJDFT TIPVME OPU CF VTFE PO
UIF BJS CBH TZTUFN
. " DSBDLFE XJOETIJFME TIPVME CF SFQMBDFE
JNNFEJBUFMZ CZ B RVBMJGJFE SFQBJS GBDJMJUZ
" DSBDLFE XJOETIJFME DPVME BGGFDU UIF
GVODUJPO PG UIF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH
TZTUFN
5IF 434 XJSJOH IBSOFTT DPOOFDUPST
BSF ZFMMPX BOE PSBOHF GPS FBTZ
JEFOUJGJDBUJPO
8IFO TFMMJOH ZPVS WFIJDMF XF SFRVFTU UIBU
ZPV JOGPSN UIF CVZFS BCPVU UIF GSPOU BJS
CBH TZTUFN BOE HVJEF UIF CVZFS UP UIF
BQQSPQSJBUF TFDUJPOT JO UIJT 0XOFST .BO
VBM
444
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1"$5 4611-&.&/5"- "*3 #"( "/%
300'.06/5&% $635"*/ 4*%&*.
1"$5 "/% 30--07&3 4611-&.&/
5"- "*3 #"( 4:45&.4
5IF TJEF BJS CBHT BSF MPDBUFE JO UIF PVUTJEF
PG UIF TFBUCBDL PG UIF GSPOU TFBUT 5IF
DVSUBJO BJS CBHT BSF MPDBUFE JO UIF TJEF SPPG
SBJMT "MM PG UIF JOGPSNBUJPO DBVUJPOT BOE
XBSOJOHT JO UIJT NBOVBM BQQMZ BOE NVTU CF
GPMMPXFE 5IF TJEF BJS CBHT BOE DVSUBJO BJS
CBHT BSF EFTJHOFE UP JOGMBUF JO IJHIFS
TFWFSJUZ TJEF DPMMJTJPOT BMUIPVHI UIFZ NBZ
JOGMBUF JG UIF GPSDFT JO BOPUIFS UZQF PG
background
DPMMJTJPO BSF TJNJMBS UP UIPTF PG B IJHIFS
TFWFSJUZ TJEF JNQBDU 5IFZ BSF EFTJHOFE UP
JOGMBUF PO UIF TJEF XIFSF UIF WFIJDMF JT
JNQBDUFE 5IFZ NBZ OPU JOGMBUF JO DFSUBJO
TJEF DPMMJTJPOT PO UIF TJEF XIFSF UIF
WFIJDMF JT JNQBDUFE $VSUBJO BJS CBHT BSF
BMTP EFTJHOFE UP JOGMBUF JO DFSUBJO UZQFT PG
SPMMPWFS DPMMJTJPOT PS OFBS SPMMPWFST
7FIJDMF EBNBHF PS MBDL PG JU JT OPU BMXBZT
BO JOEJDBUJPO PG QSPQFS TJEF BJS CBH BOE
DVSUBJO BJS CBH PQFSBUJPO
8IFO UIF TJEF BJS CBHT BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBHT
JOGMBUF B GBJSMZ MPVE OPJTF NBZ CF IFBSE
GPMMPXFE CZ SFMFBTF PG TNPLF 5IJT TNPLF
JT OPU IBSNGVM BOE EPFT OPU JOEJDBUF B GJSF
$BSF TIPVME CF UBLFO OPU UP JOIBMF JU BT JU
NBZ DBVTF JSSJUBUJPO BOE DIPLJOH 5IPTF
XJUI B IJTUPSZ PG B CSFBUIJOH DPOEJUJPO
TIPVME HFU GSFTI BJS QSPNQUMZ
4JEF BJS CBHT BMPOH XJUI UIF VTF PG TFBU
CFMUT IFMQ UP DVTIJPO UIF JNQBDU GPSDF PO
UIF DIFTU BOE QFMWJD BSFB PG UIF GSPOU
PDDVQBOUT $VSUBJO BJS CBHT IFMQ UP DVTIJPO
UIF JNQBDU GPSDF UP UIF IFBE PG PDDVQBOUT
JO UIF GSPOU BOE SFBS PVUCPBSE TFBUJOH
QPTJUJPOT 5IFZ DBO IFMQ TBWF MJWFT BOE
SFEVDF TFSJPVT JOKVSJFT )PXFWFS TJEF BJS
CBHT BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBHT NBZ DBVTF
BCSBTJPOT PS PUIFS JOKVSJFT 4JEF BJS CBHT
BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBHT EP OPU QSPWJEF
SFTUSBJOU UP UIF MPXFS CPEZ
5IF TFBU CFMUT TIPVME CF DPSSFDUMZ XPSO BOE
UIF ESJWFS BOE QBTTFOHFS TFBUFE VQSJHIU BT
GBS BT QSBDUJDBM BXBZ GSPN UIF TJEF BJS CBHT
3FBS TFBU QBTTFOHFST TIPVME CF TFBUFE BT
GBS BXBZ BT QSBDUJDBM GSPN UIF EPPS
GJOJTIFST BOE TJEF SPPG SBJMT 5IF TJEF BJS
CBHT BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBHT JOGMBUF RVJDLMZ JO
PSEFS UP IFMQ QSPUFDU UIF PDDVQBOUT
#FDBVTF PG UIJT UIF GPSDF PG UIF TJEF BJS
CBHT BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBHT JOGMBUJOH DBO
JODSFBTF UIF SJTL PG JOKVSZ JG UIF PDDVQBOU JT
UPP DMPTF UP PS JT BHBJOTU UIFTF BJS CBH
NPEVMFT EVSJOH JOGMBUJPO *O B SPMMPWFS UIF
DVSUBJO BJS CBHT PO CPUI TJEFT BSF EFTJHOFE
UP JOGMBUF 6OEFS CPUI TJEFJNQBDU BOE
SPMMPWFS TJUVBUJPOT UIF DVSUBJO BJS CBHT XJMM
SFNBJO JOGMBUFE GPS B TIPSU QFSJPE PG UJNF
5IF TJEF BJS CBHT BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBHT
PQFSBUF POMZ XIFO UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO
UIF 0/ QPTJUJPO
"GUFS QVTIJOH UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF 0/
QPTJUJPO UIF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSO
JOH MJHIU JMMVNJOBUFT 5IF BJS CBH XBSOJOH
MJHIU XJMM UVSO PGG BGUFS BCPVU TFDPOET JG
UIF TZTUFNT BSF PQFSBUJPOBM
8"3/*/(
. %P OPU QMBDF BOZ PCKFDUT OFBS UIF TFBU
CBDL PG UIF GSPOU TFBUT "MTP EP OPU
QMBDF BOZ PCKFDUT BO VNCSFMMB CBH FUD
CFUXFFO UIF GSPOU EPPS GJOJTIFS BOE UIF
GSPOU TFBU 4VDI PCKFDUT NBZ CFDPNF
EBOHFSPVT QSPKFDUJMFT BOE DBVTF JOKVSZ JG
B TJEF BJS CBH JOGMBUFT
. 3JHIU BGUFS JOGMBUJPO TFWFSBM TJEF BJS CBH
BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBH TZTUFN DPNQPOFOUT
XJMM CF IPU %P OPU UPVDI UIFN ZPV NBZ
TFWFSFMZ CVSO ZPVSTFMG
. /P VOBVUIPSJ[FE DIBOHFT TIPVME CF
NBEF UP BOZ DPNQPOFOUT PS XJSJOH PG
UIF TJEF BJS CBH BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBHT
5IJT JT UP QSFWFOU EBNBHF UP PS BDDJEFO
UBM JOGMBUJPO PG UIF TJEF BJS CBH BOE
DVSUBJO BJS CBH TZTUFNT
. %P OPU NBLF VOBVUIPSJ[FE DIBOHFT UP
ZPVS WFIJDMFT FMFDUSJDBM TZTUFN TVTQFO
TJPO TZTUFN PS TJEF QBOFM 5IJT DPVME
BGGFDU QSPQFS PQFSBUJPO PG UIF TJEF BJS
CBH BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBH TZTUFNT
. 5BNQFSJOH XJUI UIF TJEF BJS CBH TZTUFN
NBZ SFTVMU JO TFSJPVT QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ 'PS
FYBNQMF EP OPU DIBOHF UIF GSPOU TFBU CZ
QMBDJOH NBUFSJBM OFBS UIF TFBUCBDL PS CZ
4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
background
 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
JOTUBMMJOH BEEJUJPOBM USJN NBUFSJBM TVDI
BT TFBU DPWFST BSPVOE UIF TJEF BJS CBH
. 8PSL BSPVOE BOE PO UIF TJEF BJS CBH BOE
DVSUBJO BJS CBH TZTUFNT TIPVME CF EPOF
CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS *OTUBMMBUJPO PG
FMFDUSJDBM FRVJQNFOU TIPVME BMTP CF
EPOF CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS 5IF 4VQQMF
NFOUBM 3FTUSBJOU 4ZTUFN 434 XJSJOH
IBSOFTTFT TIPVME OPU CF NPEJGJFE PS
EJTDPOOFDUFE 6OBVUIPSJ[FE FMFDUSJDBM
UFTU FRVJQNFOU BOE QSPCJOH EFWJDFT
TIPVME OPU CF VTFE PO UIF TJEF BJS CBH
PS DVSUBJO BJS CBH TZTUFNT
5IF 434 XJSJOH IBSOFTT DPOOFDUPST
BSF ZFMMPX BOE PSBOHF GPS FBTZ
JEFOUJGJDBUJPO
8IFO TFMMJOH ZPVS WFIJDMF XF SFRVFTU UIBU
ZPV JOGPSN UIF CVZFS BCPVU UIF TJEF BJS CBH
BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBH TZTUFNT BOE HVJEF UIF
CVZFS UP UIF BQQSPQSJBUF TFDUJPOT JO UIJT
0XOFST .BOVBM
4&"5 #&-54 8*5) 13&5&/4*0/&34
GSPOU TFBUT
8"3/*/(
. 5IF QSFUFOTJPOFST DBOOPU CF SFVTFE BGUFS
BDUJWBUJPO 5IFZ NVTU CF SFQMBDFE UP
HFUIFS XJUI UIF SFUSBDUPS BOE CVDLMF BT B
VOJU
. *G UIF WFIJDMF CFDPNFT JOWPMWFE JO B
DPMMJTJPO CVU B QSFUFOTJPOFS JT OPU
BDUJWBUFE CF TVSF UP IBWF UIF QSFUFO
TJPOFS TZTUFN DIFDLFE BOE JG OFDFTTBSZ
SFQMBDFE CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
. /P VOBVUIPSJ[FE DIBOHFT TIPVME CF
NBEF UP BOZ DPNQPOFOUT PS XJSJOH PG
UIF QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFN 5IJT JT UP
QSFWFOU EBNBHF UP PS BDDJEFOUBM BDUJWB
UJPO PG UIF QSFUFOTJPOFST 5BNQFSJOH
XJUI UIF QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFN NBZ SFTVMU
JO TFSJPVT QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ
. 8PSL BSPVOE BOE PO UIF QSFUFOTJPOFS
TZTUFN TIPVME CF EPOF CZ BO */'*/*5*
SFUBJMFS *OTUBMMBUJPO PG FMFDUSJDBM FRVJQ
NFOU TIPVME BMTP CF EPOF CZ BO */'*/*5*
SFUBJMFS 6OBVUIPSJ[FE FMFDUSJDBM UFTU
FRVJQNFOU BOE QSPCJOH EFWJDFT TIPVME
OPU CF VTFE PO UIF QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFN
. *G ZPV OFFE UP EJTQPTF PG B QSFUFOTJPOFS
PS TDSBQ UIF WFIJDMF DPOUBDU BO */'*/*5*
SFUBJMFS $PSSFDU QSFUFOTJPOFS EJTQPTBM
QSPDFEVSFT BSF TFU GPSUI JO UIF BQQSP
QSJBUF */'*/*5* 4FSWJDF .BOVBM *ODPSSFDU
EJTQPTBM QSPDFEVSFT DPVME DBVTF QFSTP
OBM JOKVSZ
5IF QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFN NBZ BDUJWBUF XJUI
UIF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH TZTUFN JO DFSUBJO
UZQFT PG DPMMJTJPOT 8PSLJOH XJUI UIF TFBU
CFMU SFUSBDUPS JU IFMQT UJHIUFO UIF TFBU CFMU
XIFO UIF WFIJDMF CFDPNFT JOWPMWFE JO
DFSUBJO UZQFT PG DPMMJTJPOT IFMQJOH UP
SFTUSBJO GSPOU TFBU PDDVQBOUT
5IF QSFUFOTJPOFS JT FODBTFE XJUI UIF TFBU
CFMU SFUSBDUPS 5IFTF TFBU CFMUT BSF VTFE UIF
TBNF XBZ BT DPOWFOUJPOBM TFBU CFMUT
8IFO B QSFUFOTJPOFS BDUJWBUFT TNPLF JT
SFMFBTFE BOE B MPVE OPJTF NBZ CF IFBSE
5IF TNPLF JT OPU IBSNGVM BOE JU EPFT OPU
JOEJDBUF B GJSF $BSF TIPVME CF UBLFO OPU UP
JOIBMF JU BT JU NBZ DBVTF JSSJUBUJPO BOE
DIPLJOH 5IPTF XJUI B IJTUPSZ PG B CSFBUI
JOH DPOEJUJPO TIPVME HFU GSFTI BJS QSPNQUMZ
"GUFS QSFUFOTJPOFS BDUJWBUJPO MPBE MJNJUFST
BMMPX UIF TFBU CFMU UP SFMFBTF XFCCJOH JG
OFDFTTBSZ UP SFEVDF GPSDFT BHBJOTU UIF
DIFTU
background
5IF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU
JT VTFE UP JOEJDBUF NBMGVODUJPOT JO UIF
QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFN 4FF g4VQQMFNFOUBM
BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIUu 1 GPS NPSF
EFUBJMT *G UIF PQFSBUJPO PG UIF TVQQMF
NFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU JOEJDBUFT
UIFSF JT B NBMGVODUJPO IBWF UIF TZTUFN
DIFDLFE CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
8IFO TFMMJOH ZPVS WFIJDMF XF SFRVFTU UIBU
ZPV JOGPSN UIF CVZFS BCPVU UIF QSFUFO
TJPOFS TZTUFN BOE HVJEF UIF CVZFS UP UIF
BQQSPQSJBUF TFDUJPOT JO UIJT 0XOFST .BO
VBM
444
4611-&.&/5"- "*3 #"( 8"3/*/(
-"#&-4
8BSOJOH MBCFMT BCPVU UIF TVQQMFNFOUBM
GSPOUJNQBDU BJS CBH TZTUFN BSF QMBDFE JO
UIF WFIJDMF BT TIPXO JO UIF JMMVTUSBUJPO
434 BJS CBH
5IF XBSOJOH MBCFMT
*
BSF MPDBUFE PO UIF
TVSGBDF PG UIF TVO WJTPST
41"
4611-&.&/5"- "*3 #"( 8"3/*/(
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5IF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU
EJTQMBZJOH
JO UIF JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM
NPOJUPST UIF DJSDVJUT GPS UIF BJS CBH
TZTUFNT QSFUFOTJPOFST BOE BMM SFMBUFE
XJSJOH
8IFO UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF 0/
QPTJUJPO UIF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH
MJHIU JMMVNJOBUFT GPS BCPVU TFDPOET BOE
UIFO UVSOT PGG 5IJT NFBOT UIF TZTUFN JT
PQFSBUJPOBM
*G BOZ PG UIF GPMMPXJOH DPOEJUJPOT PDDVS UIF
BJS CBH BOEPS QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFNT OFFE
4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
background
 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
TFSWJDJOH
. 5IF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU
SFNBJOT PO BGUFS BQQSPYJNBUFMZ TFD
POET
. 5IF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU
GMBTIFT JOUFSNJUUFOUMZ
. 5IF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU
EPFT OPU DPNF PO BU BMM
6OEFS UIFTF DPOEJUJPOT UIF BJS CBHT BOE
PS QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFNT NBZ OPU PQFSBUF
QSPQFSMZ 5IFZ NVTU CF DIFDLFE BOE
SFQBJSFE 5BLF ZPVS WFIJDMF UP UIF OFBSFTU
*/'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
8"3/*/(
*G UIF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU JT
PO JU DPVME NFBO UIBU UIF GSPOU BJS CBH TJEF
BJS CBH DVSUBJO BJS CBH BOEPS QSFUFOTJPOFS
TZTUFNT XJMM OPU PQFSBUF JO BO BDDJEFOU 5P
IFMQ BWPJE JOKVSZ UP ZPVSTFMG PS PUIFST IBWF
ZPVS WFIJDMF DIFDLFE CZ B SFUBJMFS BT TPPO BT
QPTTJCMF
3&1"*3 "/% 3&1-"$&.&/5 130$&
%63&
5IF GSPOU BJS CBHT TJEF BJS CBHT DVSUBJO BJS
CBHT BOE QSFUFOTJPOFST BSF EFTJHOFE UP
BDUJWBUF PO B POFUJNFPOMZ CBTJT "T B
SFNJOEFS VOMFTT JU JT EBNBHFE UIF TVQ
QMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU XJMM SFNBJO
JMMVNJOBUFE BGUFS JOGMBUJPO IBT PDDVSSFE
3FQBJS BOE SFQMBDFNFOU PG UIFTF TZTUFNT
TIPVME CF EPOF POMZ CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
8IFO NBJOUFOBODF XPSL JT SFRVJSFE PO UIF
WFIJDMF UIF GSPOU BJS CBHT TJEF BJS CBHT
DVSUBJO BJS CBHT QSFUFOTJPOFST BOE SFMBUFE
QBSUT TIPVME CF QPJOUFE PVU UP UIF QFSTPO
DPOEVDUJOH UIF NBJOUFOBODF 5IF JHOJUJPO
TXJUDI TIPVME BMXBZT CF JO UIF -0$,
QPTJUJPO XIFO XPSLJOH VOEFS UIF IPPE PS
JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
8"3/*/(
. 0ODF B GSPOU BJS CBH TJEF BJS CBH PS
DVSUBJO BJS CBH IBT JOGMBUFE UIF BJS CBH
NPEVMF XJMM OPU GVODUJPO BHBJO BOE NVTU
CF SFQMBDFE "EEJUJPOBMMZ UIF BDUJWBUFE
QSFUFOTJPOFST NVTU BMTP CF SFQMBDFE 5IF
BJS CBH NPEVMF BOE QSFUFOTJPOFS TIPVME
CF SFQMBDFE CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS 5IF
BJS CBH NPEVMF BOE QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFN
DBOOPU CF SFQBJSFE
. 5IF GSPOU BJS CBH TJEF BJS CBH DVSUBJO BJS
CBH BOE UIF QSFUFOTJPOFS TIPVME CF
JOTQFDUFE CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS JG UIFSF
JT BOZ EBNBHF UP UIF GSPOU FOE PS TJEF
QPSUJPO PG UIF WFIJDMF
. *G ZPV OFFE UP EJTQPTF PG B TVQQMFNFOUBM
BJS CBH PS QSFUFOTJPOFS PS TDSBQ UIF
WFIJDMF DPOUBDU BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
$PSSFDU TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH BOE QSF
UFOTJPOFS TZTUFN EJTQPTBM QSPDFEVSFT
BSF TFU GPSUI JO UIF BQQSPQSJBUF */'*/*5*
4FSWJDF .BOVBM *ODPSSFDU EJTQPTBM QSP
DFEVSFT DPVME DBVTF QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ
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*OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT
$PDLQJU 
*OTUSVNFOU QBOFM 
.FUFST BOE HBVHFT 
4QFFEPNFUFS BOE PEPNFUFS  
5BDIPNFUFS  
&OHJOF DPPMBOU UFNQFSBUVSF HBVHF  
'VFM HBVHF  
.FUFSSJOH JMMVNJOBUJPO BOE OFFEMF TXFFQ  
$PNQBTT JG TP FRVJQQFE 
;POF WBSJBUJPO DIBOHF QSPDFEVSF  
8BSOJOHJOEJDBUPS MJHIUT BOE
BVEJCMF SFNJOEFST  
$IFDLJOH CVMCT  
8BSOJOH MJHIUT 
*OEJDBUPS MJHIUT 
"VEJCMF SFNJOEFST 
7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ  
*OEJDBUPST GPS PQFSBUJPO 
*OEJDBUPST GPS NBJOUFOBODF 
5SJQ DPNQVUFS 
4FDVSJUZ TZTUFNT  
7FIJDMF TFDVSJUZ TZTUFN 
*/'*/*5* WFIJDMF JNNPCJMJ[FS TZTUFN 
8JOETIJFME XJQFS BOE XBTIFS TXJUDI  
8JOETIJFME XJQFS BOE XBTIFS PQFSBUJPO  
3BJOTFOTJOH BVUP XJQFS TZTUFN JG
TP FRVJQQFE  
3FBS XJOEPX XJQFS BOE XBTIFS PQFSBUJPO 
3FBS XJOEPX BOE PVUTJEF NJSSPS
EFGSPTUFS TXJUDI 
)FBEMJHIU BOE UVSO TJHOBM TXJUDI 
9FOPO IFBEMJHIUT  
)FBEMJHIU TXJUDI 
5VSO TJHOBM TXJUDI  
'PH MJHIU TXJUDI 
)PSO  
)FBUFE 4FBUT JG TP FRVJQQFE 
$MJNBUF DPOUSPMMFE TFBUT JG TP FRVJQQFE  
8BSOJOH TZTUFNT TXJUDI JG TP FRVJQQFE  
4OPX NPEF TXJUDI 
*OUFMMJHFOU #SBLF "TTJTU *#" PGG TXJUDI JG
TP FRVJQQFE  
7FIJDMF %ZOBNJD $POUSPM 7%$ PGG TXJUDI 
$MPDL  
"EKVTUJOH UIF UJNF 
1PXFS PVUMFU  
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4UPSBHF  
$VQ IPMEFST  
4VOHMBTTFT IPMEFS  
(MPWF CPY 
$POTPMF CPY 
$BSE IPMEFS 
$PBU IPPLT 
$BSHP IPPLT JG TP FRVJQQFE  
$BSHP OFU JG TP FRVJQQFE 
$BSHP DPWFS JG TP FRVJQQFE  
3PPG SBDL JG TP FRVJQQFE  
8JOEPXT  
1PXFS XJOEPXT 
.PPOSPPG  
1PXFS NPPOSPPG 
8FMDPNF MJHIU  
#BUUFSZ TBWFS TZTUFN 
*OUFSJPS MJHIUT 
.BQ MJHIUT 
1FSTPOBM MJHIUT  
*OUFSJPS MJHIU DPOUSPM TXJUDI 
7BOJUZ NJSSPS MJHIUT  
$BSHP MJHIU 
)PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJWFSTBM 5SBOTDFJWFS 
1SPHSBNNJOH )PNF-JOL
Ë
 
1SPHSBNNJOH )PNF-JOL
Ë
GPS $BOBEJBO
DVTUPNFST BOE HBUF PQFOFST 
0QFSBUJOH UIF )PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJWFSTBM 5SBOTDFJWFS 
1SPHSBNNJOH USPVCMFTIPPUJOH  
$MFBSJOH UIF QSPHSBNNFE JOGPSNBUJPO  
3FQSPHSBNNJOH B TJOHMF
)PNF-JOL
Ë
CVUUPO 
*G ZPVS WFIJDMF JT TUPMFO  
background
4*$
 0VUTJEF NJSSPS SFNPUF DPOUSPM TXJUDI
*OUFMMJHFOU #SBLF "TTJTU *#" PGG
TXJUDI JG TP FRVJQQFE
 *OTUSVNFOU CSJHIUOFTT DPOUSPM TXJUDI
 )FBEMJHIU GPH MJHIU BOE UVSO TJHOBM
TXJUDI
 4UFFSJOHXIFFMNPVOUFE DPOUSPMT MFGU
TJEF
'PS BVEJP TZTUFN
'PS #MVFUPPUI
Ë
)BOET'SFF 1IPOF
4ZTUFN XJUI OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN
'PS #MVFUPPUI
Ë
)BOET'SFF 1IPOF
4ZTUFN XJUIPVU OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN
'PS */'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO 4ZT
UFN XJUI OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN
 5SJQ DPNQVUFS TXJUDI
 8JOETIJFME XJQFS BOE XBTIFS TXJUDI
4UFFSJOHXIFFMNPVOUFE DPOUSPMT
SJHIU TJEF
$SVJTF DPOUSPM TXJUDIFT JG TP
FRVJQQFE
*OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$
TXJUDIFT JG TP FRVJQQFE
%ZOBNJD %SJWFS "TTJTUBODF TXJUDI
JG TP FRVJQQFE
8BSOJOH TZTUFNT TXJUDI JG TP
FRVJQQFE
'PSXBSE $PMMJTJPO 8BSOJOH '$8
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 8BSOJOH -%8
)FBEMJHIU BJNJOH DPOUSPM JG TP
FRVJQQFE
 7FIJDMF %ZOBNJD $POUSPM 7%$ 0''
TXJUDI
 *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ QPSU
 1PXFS MJGU HBUF TXJUDI
 1PXFS MJGU HBUF NBJO TXJUDI
 53*13&4&5 TXJUDI GPS UXJO USJQ PE
PNFUFS
 &MFDUSJD UJMUJOHUFMFTDPQJD TUFFSJOH
*OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT 
$0$,1*5
background
 *OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT
XIFFM MFWFS JG TP FRVJQQFE
 .BOVBM UJMUJOHUFMFTDPQJD TUFFSJOH
XIFFM MFWFS JG TP FRVJQQFE
 $FOUFSDPOTPMFNPVOUFE DPOUSPMT
$MJNBUF DPOUSPMMFE TFBU TXJUDIFT PS
4FBU IFBUFS TXJUDIFT
4/08 NPEF TXJUDI
background
+7$9
 4JEF WFOUJMBUPS
 1BEEMF TIJGUFS JG TP FRVJQQFE
 .FUFST BOE HBVHFT
 $FOUFS WFOUJMBUPS
 $FOUFS NVMUJGVODUJPO DPOUSPM QBOFM
/BWJHBUJPO TZTUFN JG TP
FRVJQQFE
7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO BOE TFUUJOH
CVUUPOT
"SPVOE 7JFX .POJUPS JG TP
FRVJQQFE
 $FOUFS EJTQMBZ
 $MPDL
 )B[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFS TXJUDI
 'SPOU QBTTFOHFS TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH
 )PPE SFMFBTF IBOEMF
 'VTF CPY DPWFS
 1BSLJOH CSBLF
 4UFFSJOH XIFFM
)PSO
%SJWFS TVQQMFNFOU BJS CBH
 1VTICVUUPO JHOJUJPO TXJUDI
 'SPOU QBTTFOHFS BJS CBH TUBUVT MJHIU
 3FBS XJOEPX EFGSPTUFS TXJUDI
 1PXFS PVUMFU
 "VUPNBUJD DMJNBUF DPOUSPM TZTUFN
 "VEJP TZTUFN
 (MPWF CPY MJE SFMFBTF IBOEMF
 3FGFS UP UIF TFQBSBUF /BWJHBUJPO 4ZTUFN
0XOFST .BOVBM
*OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT 
*/4536.&/5 1"/&-
background
 *OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT
4*$
 5BDIPNFUFS
 8BSOJOH*OEJDBUPS MJHIUT
 4QFFEPNFUFS
 &OHJOF DPPMBOU UFNQFSBUVSF HBVHF
7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ0E
PNFUFSUXJO USJQ PEPNFUFS
 'VFM HBVHF
5IF OFFEMF JOEJDBUPST JO UIF TQFFEPNFUFS
UBDIPNFUFS FOHJOF DPPMBOU UFNQFSBUVSF
HBVHF BOE GVFM HBVHF NBZ NPWF TMJHIUMZ
BGUFS UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT QVTIFE UP UIF
0'' QPTJUJPO 5IJT JT OPU B NBMGVODUJPO
$"65*0/
. 'PS DMFBOJOH VTF B TPGU DMPUI EBNQFOFE
XJUI XBUFS /FWFS VTF B SPVHI DMPUI
BMDPIPM CFO[JOF UIJOOFS PS BOZ LJOE PG
TPMWFOU PS QBQFS UPXFM XJUI B DIFNJDBM
DMFBOJOH BHFOU 5IFZ XJMM TDSBUDI PS
DBVTF EJTDPMPSBUJPO UP UIF MFOT
. %P OPU TQSBZ BOZ MJRVJE TVDI BT XBUFS PO
UIF NFUFS MFOT 4QSBZJOH MJRVJE NBZ
DBVTF UIF TZTUFN UP NBMGVODUJPO
.&5&34 "/% ("6(&4
background
4*$
4QFFEPNFUFS
41&&%0.&5&3 "/% 0%0.&5&3
4QFFEPNFUFS
5IF TQFFEPNFUFS JOEJDBUFT WFIJDMF TQFFE
JO NJMFT QFS IPVS .1) BOE LJMPNFUFST QFS
IPVS LNI
+7*9
0EPNFUFSUXJO USJQ PEPNFUFS
0EPNFUFSUXJO USJQ PEPNFUFS
5IF PEPNFUFS
*
BOE UXJO USJQ PEPNFUFS
*
BSF EJTQMBZFE PO UIF WFIJDMF JOGPSNB
UJPO EJTQMBZ XIFO UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO
UIF 0/ QPTJUJPO
5IF PEPNFUFS SFDPSET UIF UPUBM EJTUBODF
UIF WFIJDMF IBT CFFO ESJWFO
5IF UXJO USJQ PEPNFUFS SFDPSET UIF EJT
UBODF PG JOEJWJEVBM USJQT
$IBOHJOH UIF EJTQMBZ
1VTIJOH UIF 53*1 "# 3&4&5 TXJUDI
*
BU
UIF CPUUPN MFGU PG UIF DPNCJOBUJPO NFUFS
QBOFM DIBOHFT UIF EJTQMBZ BT GPMMPXT
53*1 " ? 53*1 # ? 53*1 "
3FTFUUJOH UIF USJQ PEPNFUFS
1VTIJOH UIF 53*1 "# 3&4&5 TXJUDI
*
GPS
NPSF UIBO TFDPOE SFTFUT UIF USJQ
PEPNFUFS UP [FSP
"WFSBHF GVFM FDPOPNZ BOE EJTUBODF UP
FNQUZ JOGPSNBUJPO JT BMTP BWBJMBCMF 4FF
g7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZu 1 BOE
g)PX UP VTF 45"564 CVUUPOu 1
*OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT 
background
 *OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT
4*$
5"$)0.&5&3
5IF UBDIPNFUFS JOEJDBUFT FOHJOF TQFFE JO
SFWPMVUJPOT QFS NJOVUF 31. %P OPU SFW
UIF FOHJOF JOUP UIF SFE [POF
*
5IF SFE [POF WBSJFT XJUI FBDI NPEFMT
$"65*0/
8IFO FOHJOF TQFFE BQQSPBDIFT UIF SFE
[POF TIJGU UP B IJHIFS HFBS PS SFEVDF FOHJOF
TQFFE 0QFSBUJOH UIF FOHJOF JO UIF SFE [POF
NBZ DBVTF TFSJPVT FOHJOF EBNBHF
4*$
&/(*/& $00-"/5 5&.1&3"563&
("6(&
5IF HBVHF JOEJDBUFT UIF FOHJOF DPPMBOU
UFNQFSBUVSF
5IF FOHJOF DPPMBOU UFNQFSBUVSF JT XJUIJO
UIF OPSNBM SBOHF XIFO UIF HBVHF OFFEMF
QPJOUT XJUIJO UIF [POF
*
TIPXO JO UIF
JMMVTUSBUJPO
5IF FOHJOF DPPMBOU UFNQFSBUVSF WBSJFT XJUI
UIF PVUTJEF BJS UFNQFSBUVSF BOE ESJWJOH
DPOEJUJPOT
$"65*0/
*G UIF HBVHF JOEJDBUFT FOHJOF DPPMBOU
UFNQFSBUVSF OFBS UIF IPU ) FOE PG UIF
OPSNBM SBOHF SFEVDF WFIJDMF TQFFE UP
EFDSFBTF UFNQFSBUVSF *G HBVHF JT PWFS UIF
OPSNBM SBOHF TUPQ UIF WFIJDMF BT TPPO BT
TBGFMZ QPTTJCMF BOE MFU UIF FOHJOF JEMF *G UIF
FOHJOF JT PWFSIFBUFE DPOUJOVFE PQFSBUJPO
PG UIF WFIJDMF NBZ TFSJPVTMZ EBNBHF UIF
FOHJOF 4FF g*G ZPVS WFIJDMF PWFSIFBUTu 1
 GPS JNNFEJBUF BDUJPO SFRVJSFE
background
4*$
'6&- ("6(&
5IF HBVHF JOEJDBUFT UIF BQQSPYJNBUF GVFM
MFWFM JO UIF UBOL
5IF HBVHF NBZ NPWF TMJHIUMZ EVSJOH
CSBLJOH UVSOJOH BDDFMFSBUJPO PS HPJOH VQ
PS EPXO IJMMT
5IF HBVHF OFFEMF SFUVSOT UP & &NQUZ BGUFS
UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT QVTIFE UP UIF 0''
QPTJUJPO
3FGJMM UIF GVFM UBOL CFGPSF UIF HBVHF
SFHJTUFST g&u &NQUZ
5IF MPX GVFM XBSOJOH
BQQFBST PO UIF
WFIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ XIFO UIF GVFM
MFWFM JO UIF UBOL JT HFUUJOH MPX 3FGVFM BT
TPPO BT JU JT DPOWFOJFOU QSFGFSBCMZ CFGPSF
UIF HBVHF SFBDIFT g&u 5IFSF XJMM CF B
TNBMM SFTFSWF PG GVFM JO UIF UBOL XIFO UIF
GVFM HBVHF OFFEMF SFBDIFT g&u
5IF
JOEJDBUFT UIBU UIF GVFMGJMMFS EPPS JT
MPDBUFE PO UIF QBTTFOHFST TJEF PG UIF
WFIJDMF
$"65*0/
. *G UIF WFIJDMF SVOT PVU PG GVFM UIF
NBMGVODUJPO JOEJDBUPS MJHIU .*- NBZ
DPNF PO 3FGVFM BT TPPO BT QPTTJCMF
"GUFS B GFX ESJWJOH USJQT UIF
MJHIU
TIPVME UVSO PGG *G UIF MJHIU SFNBJOT PO
BGUFS B GFX ESJWJOH USJQT IBWF UIF WFIJDMF
JOTQFDUFE CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
. 'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO TFF g.BM
GVODUJPO *OEJDBUPS -JHIU .*-u 1
.&5&33*/( *--6.*/"5*0/ "/%
/&&%-& 48&&1
5IF SJOH JMMVNJOBUJPO TVSSPVOEJOH NFUFST
BOE HBVHFT JMMVNJOBUFT XIFO UIF ESJWFST
EPPS JT DMPTFE BGUFS HFUUJOH JOUP UIF WFIJDMF
XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ DBSSJFE JO
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BQQFBST JO UIF WFIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJT
QMBZ *G UIF GVFMGJMMFS DBQ JT MPPTF PS
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NJTTJOH UJHIUFO PS JOTUBMM UIF DBQ BOE
DPOUJOVF UP ESJWF UIF WFIJDMF 5IF
MJHIU TIPVME UVSO PGG BGUFS B GFX ESJWJOH
USJQT *G UIF
MJHIU EPFT OPU UVSO PGG
BGUFS B GFX ESJWJOH USJQT IBWF UIF
WFIJDMF JOTQFDUFE CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJ
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WFIJDMF UPXFE UP UIF SFUBJMFS
. .BMGVODUJPO JOEJDBUPS MJHIU CMJOLJOH
"O FOHJOF NJTGJSF IBT CFFO EFUFDUFE
XIJDI NBZ EBNBHF UIF FNJTTJPO DPO
USPM TZTUFN
5P SFEVDF PS BWPJE FNJTTJPO DPOUSPM
TZTUFN EBNBHF
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5IF NBMGVODUJPO JOEJDBUPS MJHIU NBZ
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*/'*/*5* SFUBJMFS :PV EP OPU OFFE UP
IBWF ZPVS WFIJDMF UPXFE UP UIF SFUBJMFS
$"65*0/
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UIF FNJTTJPO DPOUSPM TZTUFN DIFDLFE BOE
SFQBJSFE BT OFDFTTBSZ DPVME MFBE UP QPPS
ESJWFBCJMJUZ SFEVDFE GVFM FDPOPNZ BOE
QPTTJCMF EBNBHF UP UIF FNJTTJPO DPOUSPM
TZTUFN
4FDVSJUZ JOEJDBUPS MJHIU
5IF MJHIU CMJOLT XIFO UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT
JO UIF "$$ 0'' BOE -0$, QPTJUJPO 5IJT
GVODUJPO JOEJDBUFT UIF TFDVSJUZ TZTUFN
FRVJQQFE PO UIF WFIJDMF JT PQFSBUJPOBM
*G UIF TFDVSJUZ TZTUFN JT NBMGVODUJPOJOH
UIJT MJHIU XJMM SFNBJO PO XIJMF UIF JHOJUJPO
TXJUDI JT JO UIF 0/ QPTJUJPO 'PS BEEJUJPOBM
JOGPSNBUJPO TFF g4FDVSJUZ TZTUFNTu 1

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7FIJDMF %ZOBNJD $POUSPM 7%$
PGG JOEJDBUPS MJHIU
5IF MJHIU DPNFT PO XIFO UIF WFIJDMF
EZOBNJD DPOUSPM PGG TXJUDI JT QVTIFE UP
0'' 5IJT JOEJDBUFT UIBU UIF WFIJDMF EZOBNJD
DPOUSPM TZTUFN BOE USBDUJPO DPOUSPM TZTUFN
BSF OPU PQFSBUJOH
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PQFOFE XIJMF UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT QVTIFE
UP UIF "$$ QPTJUJPO PS QVTIFE UP UIF 0'' PS
-0$, QPTJUJPO XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ MFGU
JO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ QPSU .BLF TVSF UIF
JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT QVTIFE UP UIF 0''
QPTJUJPO BOE UBLF UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI
ZPV XIFO MFBWJOH UIF WFIJDMF
-JHIU SFNJOEFS DIJNF
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EPPS JT PQFOFE XJUI UIF MJHIU TXJUDI JO UIF
PS QPTJUJPO BOE UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI
JO UIF "$$ 0'' PS -0$, QPTJUJPO
5VSO UIF MJHIU TXJUDI PGG XIFO ZPV MFBWF UIF
WFIJDMF
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background
 *OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT
1BSLJOH CSBLF SFNJOEFS DIJNF
5IF DIJNF XJMM TPVOE JG UIF WFIJDMF JT ESJWFO
BU NPSF UIBO .1)  LNI XJUI UIF
QBSLJOH CSBLF BQQMJFE 4UPQ UIF WFIJDMF
BOE SFMFBTF UIF QBSLJOH CSBLF
#SBLF QBE XFBS XBSOJOH
5IF EJTD CSBLF QBET IBWF BVEJCMF XFBS
XBSOJOHT 8IFO B CSBLF QBE SFRVJSFT
SFQMBDFNFOU JU XJMM NBLF B IJHI QJUDIFE
TDSBQJOH TPVOE XIFO UIF WFIJDMF JT JO
NPUJPO 5IJT TDSBQJOH TPVOE XJMM GJSTU PDDVS
POMZ XIFO UIF CSBLF QFEBM JT EFQSFTTFE
"GUFS NPSF XFBS PG UIF CSBLF QBE UIF
TPVOE XJMM BMXBZT CF IFBSE FWFO JG UIF
CSBLF QFEBM JT OPU EFQSFTTFE )BWF UIF
CSBLFT DIFDLFE BT TPPO BT QPTTJCMF JG UIF
XBSOJOH TPVOE JT IFBSE
-BOF EFQBSUVSF XBSOJOH DIJNF JG TP
FRVJQQFE
8IFO UIF -BOF %FQBSUVSF 8BSOJOH -%8 PS
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 1SFWFOUJPO -%1 TZTUFN JT
PO UIF DIJNF TPVOET JG UIF WFIJDMF JT
USBWFMJOH DMPTF UP FJUIFS UIF MFGU PS UIF SJHIU
PG B USBWFMJOH MBOF XJUI EFUFDUBCMF MBOF
NBSLFST
4FF g-BOF %FQBSUVSF 8BSOJOH -%8 TZT
UFN-BOF %FQBSUVSF 1SFWFOUJPO -%1 TZT
UFNu 1 GPS NPSF EFUBJMT
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NBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO QPTJUJPO JOEJDBUPS UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$ TZTUFN JG TP
FRVJQQFE UIF %JTUBODF $POUSPM "TTJTU
%$" TZTUFN JG TP FRVJQQFE JOGPSNBUJPO
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ PQFSBUJPO JOGPSNBUJPO
BOE PUIFS XBSOJOHT BOE JOGPSNBUJPO
'PS EFUBJMFE JOGPSNBUJPO BCPVU FBDI TZT
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. "VUPNBUJD 5SBOTNJTTJPO "5
g8BSOJOHJOEJDBUPS MJHIUT BOE BVEJ
CMF SFNJOEFSTu 1
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g%SJWJOH UIF WFIJDMFu 1
. *OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$ TZTUFN
g*OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$ TZT
UFN '6-- 41&&% 3"/(&u 1
. %JTUBODF $POUSPM "TTJTU %$" TZTUFN
g%JTUBODF $POUSPM "TTJTU %$" TZT
UFNu 1
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g*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFNu 1
g1VTICVUUPO JHOJUJPO TXJUDIu 1
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background
 *OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT
+7*9
background
*/%*$"5034 '03 01&3"5*0/
 &OHJOF TUBSU PQFSBUJPO JOEJDBUPS
5IJT JOEJDBUPS BQQFBST XIFO UIF TIJGU MFWFS
JT JO UIF 1 1BSL QPTJUJPO
5IJT JOEJDBUPS NFBOT UIBU UIF FOHJOF XJMM
TUBSU CZ QVTIJOH UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI XJUI
UIF CSBLF QFEBM EFQSFTTFE
 *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JOTFSUJPO JOEJDBUPS
5IJT JOEJDBUPS BQQFBST XIFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ OFFET UP CF JOTFSUFE JOUP UIF *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZ QPSU 'PS FYBNQMF UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ CBUUFSZ JT EJTDIBSHFE
*G UIJT JOEJDBUPS BQQFBST JOTFSU UIF *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZ JOUP UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ QPSU JO UIF
DPSSFDU EJSFDUJPO 4FF g1VTICVUUPO JHOJ
UJPO TXJUDIu 1
 *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ SFNPWBM JOEJDBUPS
5IJT JOEJDBUPS BQQFBST XIFO UIF ESJWFST
EPPS JT PQFOFE XJUI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JO
UIF "$$ 0'' PS -0$, QPTJUJPO BOE UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ QMBDFE JO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
QPSU " LFZ SFNJOEFS DIJNF BMTP TPVOET
*G UIJT JOEJDBUPS BQQFBST SFNPWF UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GSPN UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ QPSU
BOE UBLF JU XJUI ZPV XIFO MFBWJOH UIF
WFIJDMF
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5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST JO FJUIFS PG UIF
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5IF XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF EPPS JT
DMPTFE XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ MFGU PVUTJEF
UIF WFIJDMF BOE UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JO UIF
"$$ PS 0/ QPTJUJPO .BLF TVSF UIBU UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
6OSFHJTUFSFE *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
5IF XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF JHOJUJPO
TXJUDI JT QVTIFE GSPN UIF -0$, QPTJUJPO
BOE UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ DBOOPU CF SFDPH
OJ[FE CZ UIF TZTUFN :PV DBOOPU TUBSU UIF
FOHJOF XJUI BO VOSFHJTUFSFE LFZ 6TF UIF
SFHJTUFSFE *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
4FF g*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFNu 1 GPS
NPSF EFUBJMT
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5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF JHOJUJPO
TXJUDI JT QVTIFE UP TUPQ UIF FOHJOF XJUI
UIF TIJGU MFWFS JO BOZ QPTJUJPO FYDFQU UIF 1
1BSL QPTJUJPO
*G UIJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST NPWF UIF TIJGU
MFWFS UP UIF 1 1BSL QPTJUJPO PS QVTI UIF
JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF 0/ QPTJUJPO
"O JOTJEF XBSOJOH DIJNF XJMM BMTP TPVOE
4FF g*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFNu 1
 g164)u XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF TIJGU MFWFS
JT NPWFE UP UIF 1 1BSL QPTJUJPO XJUI UIF
JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JO UIF "$$ QPTJUJPO BGUFS UIF
4)*'5 g1u XBSOJOH BQQFBST
5P QVTI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF 0''
QPTJUJPO QFSGPSN UIF GPMMPXJOH QSPDFEVSF
4)*'5 g1u XBSOJOH ? .PWF UIF TIJGU MFWFS
UP g1u ? 164) XBSOJOH ? 1VTI UIF
JHOJUJPO TXJUDI ? JHOJUJPO TXJUDI QPTJUJPO
JT UVSOFE UP 0/ ? 164) XBSOJOH ? 1VTI
UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI ? JHOJUJPO TXJUDI
QPTJUJPO JT UVSOFE UP 0''
 *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ CBUUFSZ EJTDIBSHF
JOEJDBUPS
5IJT JOEJDBUPS BQQFBST XIFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ CBUUFSZ JT SVOOJOH PVU PG QPXFS
*G UIJT JOEJDBUPS BQQFBST SFQMBDF UIF
CBUUFSZ XJUI B OFX POF 4FF g*OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ CBUUFSZ SFQMBDFNFOUu 1
 1BSLJOH CSBLF SFMFBTF XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF WFIJDMF
TQFFE JT BCPWF .1)  LNI BOE UIF
QBSLJOH CSBLF JT BQQMJFE
*OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT 
background
 *OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT
 -PX GVFM XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF GVFM MFWFM JO
UIF UBOL JT HFUUJOH MPX 3FGVFM BT TPPO BT JU
JT DPOWFOJFOU QSFGFSBCMZ CFGPSF UIF GVFM
HBVHF SFBDIFT UIF FNQUZ & QPTJUJPO
5IFSF JT B TNBMM SFTFSWF PG GVFM SFNBJOJOH
JO UIF UBOL XIFO UIF GVFM HBVHF SFBDIFT
UIF FNQUZ & QPTJUJPO
 -PX XBTIFS GMVJE XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF XBTIFS
UBOL GMVJE JT BU B MPX MFWFM "EE XBTIFS GMVJE
BT OFDFTTBSZ 4FF g8JOEPX XBTIFS GMVJEu
1
 %PPSMJGU HBUF PQFO XBSOJOH
JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF 0/ QPTJ
UJPO
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST JG BOZ PG UIF EPPST
BOEPS UIF MJGU HBUF BSF PQFO PS OPU DMPTFE
TFDVSFMZ 5IF WFIJDMF JDPO JOEJDBUFT XIJDI
EPPS PS UIF MJGU HBUF JT PQFO PO UIF EJTQMBZ
 g5JNF UP SFTUu JOEJDBUPS
5IJT JOEJDBUPS BQQFBST XIFO UIF TFU gUJNF
UP SFTUu JOEJDBUPS BDUJWBUFT :PV DBO TFU UIF
UJNF GPS VQ UP IPVST 4FF g5SJQ DPNQV
UFSu 1
 -PPTF GVFM DBQ XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF GVFMGJMMFS
DBQ JT OPU UJHIUFOFE DPSSFDUMZ BGUFS UIF
WFIJDMF IBT CFFO SFGVFMFE 4FF g'VFMGJMMFS
DBQu 1
 $IFDL UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF MPX UJSF
QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH MJHIU JO UIF NFUFS JMMVNJ
OBUFT BOE MPX UJSF QSFTTVSF JT EFUFDUFE 5IF
XBSOJOH BQQFBST FBDI UJNF UIF JHOJUJPO
TXJUDI JT QMBDFE JO UIF 0/ QPTJUJPO BT MPOH
BT UIF MPX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH MJHIU
SFNBJOT JMMVNJOBUFE *G UIJT XBSOJOH BQ
QFBST TUPQ UIF WFIJDMF BOE BEKVTU UIF UJSF
QSFTTVSF UP UIF SFDPNNFOEFE $0-% UJSF
QSFTTVSF TIPXO PO UIF 5JSF BOE -PBEJOH
*OGPSNBUJPO MBCFM 4FF g-PX UJSF QSFTTVSF
XBSOJOH MJHIUu 1 BOE g5JSF 1SFTTVSF
.POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4u 1
 -PX PVUTJEF UFNQFSBUVSF XBSO
JOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST JG UIF PVUTJEF UFN
QFSBUVSF JT CFMPX 8'8$ 5IF XBSOJOH
DBO CF TFU OPU UP CF EJTQMBZFE 4FF g5SJQ
DPNQVUFSu 1
 $SVJTF JOEJDBUPS JG TP FRVJQQFE
$SVJTF NBJO TXJUDI JOEJDBUPS
5IF JOEJDBUPS JT EJTQMBZFE XIFO UIF DSVJTF
DPOUSPM NBJO TXJUDI JT QVTIFE 8IFO UIF
NBJO TXJUDI JT QVTIFE BHBJO UIF JOEJDBUPS
EJTBQQFBST 8IFO UIF DSVJTF DPOUSPM NBJO
TXJUDI JOEJDBUPS JT EJTQMBZFE UIF DSVJTF
DPOUSPM TZTUFN JT PQFSBUJPOBM
$SVJTF TFU TXJUDI JOEJDBUPS
5IF JOEJDBUPS JT EJTQMBZFE XIJMF UIF WFIJDMF
TQFFE JT DPOUSPMMFE CZ UIF DSVJTF DPOUSPM
TZTUFN *G UIF JOEJDBUPS CMJOLT XIJMF UIF
FOHJOF JT SVOOJOH JU NBZ JOEJDBUF UIBU UIF
DSVJTF DPOUSPM TZTUFN JT OPU GVODUJPOJOH
QSPQFSMZ )BWF UIF TZTUFN DIFDLFE CZ BO
*/'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
4FF g$SVJTF DPOUSPMu 1 GPS EFUBJMT
 *OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$
TZTUFN ."*/ TXJUDI JOEJDBUPS JG TP
FRVJQQFE
5IF JOEJDBUPS JT EJTQMBZFE XIFO UIF *O
UFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$ TZTUFN NBJO
TXJUDI JT QVTIFE 8IFO UIF NBJO TXJUDI JT
QVTIFE BHBJO UIF JOEJDBUPS EJTBQQFBST
8IJMF UIF NBJO TXJUDI JOEJDBUPS JT EJT
QMBZFE UIF *$$ TZTUFN JT PQFSBUJPOBM 5IF
DSVJTF DPOUSPM TFU JOEJDBUPS 4&5 JT EJT
background
QMBZFE XIJMF UIF WFIJDMF JT DPOUSPMMFE CZ
UIF DPOWFOUJPOBM GJYFE TQFFE DSVJTF DPO
USPM NPEF PG UIF *$$ TZTUFN 4FF g*OUFMMJ
HFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$ TZTUFN '6--
41&&% 3"/(&u 1
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TZTUFN TXJUDI JOEJDBUPS JG TP
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5IF JOEJDBUPS JT EJTQMBZFE XIFO UIF %JT
UBODF $POUSPM "TTJTU %$" TZTUFN TXJUDI JT
QVTIFE PO 8IFO UIF TXJUDI JT QVTIFE
BHBJO UIF JOEJDBUPS EJTBQQFBST 8IJMF UIF
JOEJDBUPS JT EJTQMBZFE UIF %$" TZTUFN JT
PQFSBUJPOBM 4FF g%JTUBODF $POUSPM "TTJTU
%$" TZTUFNu 1
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XJUI UIF GPMMPXJOH
/05&
8IFO QSPHSBNNJOH B HBSBHF EPPS PQFOFS
FUD VOQMVH UIF EFWJDF EVSJOH UIF gDZ
DMJOHu QSPDFTT UP QSFWFOU QPTTJCMF EBNBHF
UP UIF HBSBHF EPPS PQFOFS DPNQPOFOUT
4UFQ  6TJOH CPUI IBOET TJNVMUBOFPVTMZ
QSFTT BOE IPME UIF EFTJSFE )PNF-JOL
Ë
CVUUPO BOE UIF IBOEIFME USBOTNJUUFS
background
CVUUPO %VSJOH QSPHSBNNJOH ZPVS IBOE
IFME USBOTNJUUFS NBZ BVUPNBUJDBMMZ TUPQ
USBOTNJUUJOH $POUJOVF UP QSFTT BOE IPME
UIF EFTJSFE )PNF-JOL
Ë
CVUUPO XIJMF ZPV
QSFTT BOE SFQSFTT gDZDMFu ZPVS IBOE
IFME USBOTNJUUFS FWFSZ UXP TFDPOET VOUJM
UIF GSFRVFODZ TJHOBM IBT CFFO MFBSOFE 5IF
)PNF-JOL
Ë
JOEJDBUPS MJHIU XJMM GMBTI TMPXMZ
BOE UIFO SBQJEMZ BGUFS TFWFSBM TFDPOET
VQPO TVDDFTTGVM QSPHSBNNJOH %0 /05
SFMFBTF VOUJM UIF )PNF-JOL
Ë
JOEJDBUPS MJHIU
GMBTIFT TMPXMZ BOE UIFO SBQJEMZ 8IFO UIF
JOEJDBUPS MJHIU GMBTIFT SBQJEMZ CPUI CVU
UPOT NBZ CF SFMFBTFE 5IF SBQJE GMBTIJOH
JOEJDBUFT TVDDFTTGVM QSPHSBNNJOH
1SPDFFE XJUI g1SPHSBNNJOH )PNF-JOL
Ë
u
TUFQ UP DPNQMFUF
3FNFNCFS UP QMVH UIF EFWJDF CBDL JO XIFO
QSPHSBNNJOH JT DPNQMFUFE
01&3"5*/( 5)& )PNF-JOL
Ë
6/*
7&34"- 53"/4$&*7&3
5IF )PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJWFSTBM 5SBOTDFJWFS BGUFS
JU JT QSPHSBNNFE DBO CF VTFE UP BDUJWBUF
UIF QSPHSBNNFE EFWJDF 5P PQFSBUF TJNQMZ
QSFTT BOE SFMFBTF UIF BQQSPQSJBUF QSP
HSBNNFE )PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJWFSTBM 5SBOTDFJ
WFS CVUUPO 5IF BNCFS JOEJDBUPS MJHIU XJMM
JMMVNJOBUF XIJMF UIF TJHOBM JT CFJOH USBOT
NJUUFE
'PS DPOWFOJFODF UIF IBOEIFME USBOTNJUUFS
PG UIF EFWJDF NBZ BMTP CF VTFE BU BOZ UJNF
130(3"..*/( 5306#-&4)005
*/(
*G UIF )PNF-JOL
Ë
EPFT OPU RVJDLMZ MFBSO UIF
IBOEIFME USBOTNJUUFS JOGPSNBUJPO
. SFQMBDF UIF IBOEIFME USBOTNJUUFS CBU
UFSJFT XJUI OFX CBUUFSJFT
. QPTJUJPO UIF IBOEIFME USBOTNJUUFS XJUI
JUT CBUUFSZ BSFB GBDJOH BXBZ GSPN UIF
)PNF-JOL
Ë
TVSGBDF
. QSFTT BOE IPME CPUI UIF )PNF-JOL
Ë
BOE
IBOEIFME USBOTNJUUFS CVUUPOT XJUIPVU
JOUFSSVQUJPO
. QPTJUJPO UIF IBOEIFME USBOTNJUUFS 
JO  NN BXBZ GSPN UIF
)PNF-JOL
Ë
TVSGBDF )PME UIF USBOTNJU
UFS JO UIBU QPTJUJPO GPS VQ UP 
TFDPOET *G )PNF-JOL
Ë
JT OPU QSP
HSBNNFE XJUIJO UIBU UJNF USZ IPMEJOH
UIF USBOTNJUUFS JO BOPUIFS QPTJUJPO
LFFQJOH UIF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU JO WJFX BU BMM
UJNFT
*G ZPV IBWF BOZ RVFTUJPOT PS BSF IBWJOH
EJGGJDVMUZ QSPHSBNNJOH ZPVS )PNF-JOL
Ë
CVUUPOT SFGFS UP UIF )PNF-JOL
Ë
XFC TJUF
BU XXXIPNFMJOLDPN PS 

$-&"3*/( 5)& 130(3"..&% */
'03."5*0/
5IF GPMMPXJOH QSPDFEVSF DMFBST UIF QSP
HSBNNFE JOGPSNBUJPO GSPN CPUI CVUUPOT
*OEJWJEVBM CVUUPOT DBOOPU CF DMFBSFE
)PXFWFS JOEJWJEVBM CVUUPOT DBO CF SFQSP
HSBNNFE TFF g3FQSPHSBNNJOH B TJOHMF
)PNF-JOL
Ë
CVUUPOu 1
5P DMFBS BMM QSPHSBNNJOH
1SFTT BOE IPME UIF UXP PVUFS
)PNF-JOL
Ë
CVUUPOT VOUJM UIF JOEJDBUPS
MJHIU CFHJOT UP GMBTI JO BQQSPYJNBUFMZ
 TFDPOET %P OPU IPME GPS MPOHFS UIBO
 TFDPOET
 3FMFBTF CPUI CVUUPOT
)PNF-JOL
Ë
JT OPX JO UIF QSPHSBNNJOH
NPEF BOE DBO CF QSPHSBNNFE BU BOZ UJNF
CFHJOOJOH XJUI g1SPHSBNNJOH )PNF-JOL
Ë
u
4UFQ 
3&130(3"..*/( " 4*/(-&
)PNF-JOL
Ë
#6550/
5P SFQSPHSBN B )PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJWFSTBM
5SBOTDFJWFS CVUUPO DPNQMFUF UIF GPMMPXJOH
 1SFTT BOE IPME UIF EFTJSFE )PNF-JOL
Ë
CVUUPO %0 /05 SFMFBTF UIF CVUUPO
*OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT 
background
 *OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT
 5IF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU XJMM CFHJO UP GMBTI
BGUFS  TFDPOET 8JUIPVU SFMFBTJOH UIF
)PNF-JOL
Ë
CVUUPO QSPDFFE XJUI g1SP
HSBNNJOH )PNF-JOL
Ë
u 4UFQ 
'PS RVFTUJPOT PS DPNNFOUT DPOUBDU
)PNF-JOL
Ë
BU XXXIPNFMJOLDPN PS 

5IF )PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJWFSTBM 5SBOTDFJWFS CVU
UPO IBT OPX CFFO SFQSPHSBNNFE 5IF OFX
EFWJDF DBO CF BDUJWBUFE CZ QVTIJOH UIF
)PNF-JOL
Ë
CVUUPO UIBU XBT KVTU QSP
HSBNNFE 5IJT QSPDFEVSF XJMM OPU BGGFDU
BOZ PUIFS QSPHSBNNFE )PNF-JOL
Ë
CVU
UPOT
*' :063 7&)*$-& *4 450-&/
*G ZPVS WFIJDMF JT TUPMFO ZPV TIPVME DIBOHF
UIF DPEFT PG BOZ OPOSPMMJOH DPEF EFWJDF
UIBU IBT CFFO QSPHSBNNFE JOUP
)PNF-JOL
Ë
$POTVMU UIF 0XOFST .BOVBM
PG FBDI EFWJDF PS DBMM UIF NBOVGBDUVSFS PS
SFUBJMFS PG UIPTF EFWJDFT GPS BEEJUJPOBM
JOGPSNBUJPO
8IFO ZPVS WFIJDMF JT SFDPWFSFE ZPV XJMM
OFFE UP SFQSPHSBN UIF )PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJ
WFSTBM 5SBOTDFJWFS XJUI ZPVS OFX USBOTNJU
UFS JOGPSNBUJPO
'$$ /PUJDF
'PS 64"
5IJT EFWJDF DPNQMJFT XJUI 1BSU  PG UIF
'$$ 3VMFT 0QFSBUJPO JT TVCKFDU UP UIF
GPMMPXJOH UXP DPOEJUJPOT  5IJT EFWJDF
NBZ OPU DBVTF IBSNGVM JOUFSGFSFODF BOE
 UIJT EFWJDF NVTU BDDFQU BOZ JOUFSGFS
FODF SFDFJWFE JODMVEJOH JOUFSGFSFODF UIBU
NBZ DBVTF VOEFTJSFE PQFSBUJPO
/05&
$IBOHFT PS NPEJGJDBUJPOT OPU FYQSFTTMZ
BQQSPWFE CZ UIF QBSUZ SFTQPOTJCMF GPS
DPNQMJBODF DPVME WPJE UIF VTFST BVUIPSJUZ
UP PQFSBUF UIF FRVJQNFOU
'PS $BOBEB
5IJT EFWJDF DPNQMJFT XJUI *OEVTUSZ $BOBEB
MJDFODFFYFNQU 344 TUBOEBSET 0QFSB
UJPO JT TVCKFDU UP UIF GPMMPXJOH UXP
DPOEJUJPOT  UIJT EFWJDF NBZ OPU DBVTF
JOUFSGFSFODF BOE  UIJT EFWJDF NVTU
BDDFQU BOZ JOUFSGFSFODF JODMVEJOH JOUFS
GFSFODF UIBU NBZ DBVTF VOEFTJSFE PQFSB
UJPO PG UIF EFWJDF
background
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
,FZT 
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ 
7BMFU IBOEPGG  
%PPST 
-PDLJOH XJUI NFDIBOJDBM LFZ 
0QFOJOH BOE DMPTJOH XJOEPXT XJUI UIF
NFDIBOJDBM LFZ  
-PDLJOH XJUI JOTJEF MPDL LOPC  
-PDLJOH XJUI QPXFS EPPS MPDL TXJUDI 
"VUPNBUJD EPPS MPDLT  
$IJME TBGFUZ SFBS EPPS MPDL  
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN  
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ PQFSBUJOH SBOHF  
%PPS MPDLTVOMPDLT QSFDBVUJPO 
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ PQFSBUJPO  
#BUUFSZ TBWFS TZTUFN 
8BSOJOH TJHOBMT  
5SPVCMFTIPPUJOH HVJEF  
3FNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ TZTUFN  
)PX UP VTF SFNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ TZTUFN 
)PPE  
-JGU HBUF 
0QFSBUJOH QPXFS MJGU HBUF 
"VUP DMPTVSF 
-JGU HBUF SFMFBTF MFWFS  
'VFMGJMMFS EPPS  
0QFOJOH UIF GVFMGJMMFS EPPS 
'VFMGJMMFS DBQ  
5JMUUFMFTDPQJD TUFFSJOH  
.BOVBM PQFSBUJPO JG TP FRVJQQFE 
&MFDUSJD PQFSBUJPO JG TP FRVJQQFE  
4VO WJTPST  
.JSSPST  
*OTJEF NJSSPS  
0VUTJEF NJSSPST  
7BOJUZ NJSSPS  
"VUPNBUJD ESJWF QPTJUJPOFS JG TP FRVJQQFE 
&OUSZFYJU GVODUJPO 
4FBU TZODISPOJ[BUJPO GVODUJPO 
.FNPSZ TUPSBHF  
4ZTUFN PQFSBUJPO  
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
" LFZ OVNCFS QMBUF JT TVQQMJFE XJUI ZPVS
LFZT 3FDPSE UIF LFZ OVNCFS BOE LFFQ JU JO
B TBGF QMBDF TVDI BT ZPVS XBMMFU OPU JO
UIF WFIJDMF *G ZPV MPTF ZPVS LFZT TFF BO
*/'*/*5* SFUBJMFS GPS EVQMJDBUFT CZ VTJOH UIF
LFZ OVNCFS */'*/*5* EPFT OPU SFDPSE BOZ
LFZ OVNCFST TP JU JT WFSZ JNQPSUBOU UP LFFQ
USBDL PG ZPVS LFZ OVNCFS QMBUF
" LFZ OVNCFS JT POMZ OFDFTTBSZ XIFO ZPV
IBWF MPTU BMM LFZT BOE EP OPU IBWF POF UP
EVQMJDBUF GSPN *G ZPV TUJMM IBWF B LFZ UIJT
LFZ DBO CF EVQMJDBUFE CZ BO */'*/*5*
SFUBJMFS
41"
 *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ 
 .FDIBOJDBM LFZ JOTJEF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ 
 ,FZ OVNCFS QMBUF 
*/5&--*(&/5 ,&:
:PVS WFIJDMF DBO POMZ CF ESJWFO XJUI UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZT XIJDI BSF SFHJTUFSFE UP
ZPVS WFIJDMFT *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN DPN
QPOFOUT BOE */'*/*5* 7FIJDMF *NNPCJMJ[FS
4ZTUFN DPNQPOFOUT "T NBOZ BT *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZT DBO CF SFHJTUFSFE BOE VTFE XJUI
POF WFIJDMF 5IF OFX LFZT NVTU CF
SFHJTUFSFE CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS QSJPS UP
VTF XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN BOE
*/'*/*5* 7FIJDMF *NNPCJMJ[FS 4ZTUFN PG ZPVS
WFIJDMF 4JODF UIF SFHJTUSBUJPO QSPDFTT
SFRVJSFT FSBTJOH BMM NFNPSZ JO UIF *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZ DPNQPOFOUT XIFO SFHJTUFSJOH
OFX LFZT CF TVSF UP UBLF BMM *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZT UIBU ZPV IBWF UP UIF */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
$"65*0/
. #F TVSF UP DBSSZ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI
ZPV XIFO ESJWJOH 5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT B
QSFDJTJPO EFWJDF XJUI B CVJMUJO USBOTNJU
UFS5P BWPJE EBNBHJOH JU QMFBTF OPUF UIF
GPMMPXJOH
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT XBUFS SFTJT
UBOU IPXFWFS XFUUJOH NBZ EBNBHF
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ *G UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ HFUT XFU JNNFEJBUFMZ XJQF VOUJM
JU JT DPNQMFUFMZ ESZ
%P OPU CFOE ESPQ PS TUSJLF JU
BHBJOTU BOPUIFS PCKFDU
*G UIF PVUTJEF UFNQFSBUVSF JT CFMPX
8' á8$ EFHSFFT UIF CBUUFSZ PG
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ NBZ OPU GVODUJPO
QSPQFSMZ
%P OPU QMBDF UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GPS
BO FYUFOEFE QFSJPE JO B QMBDF XIFSF
UFNQFSBUVSFT FYDFFE 8' 8$
,&:4
background
%P OPU DIBOHF PS NPEJGZ UIF *OUFM
MJHFOU ,FZ
%P OPU VTF B NBHOFU LFZ IPMEFS
%P OPU QMBDF UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ OFBS
BO FMFDUSJD BQQMJBODF TVDI BT B
UFMFWJTJPO TFU PS QFSTPOBM DPNQVUFS
%P OPU BMMPX UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ UP
DPNF JOUP DPOUBDU XJUI XBUFS PS TBMU
XBUFS BOE EP OPU XBTI JU JO B
XBTIJOH NBDIJOF 5IJT DPVME BGGFDU
UIF TZTUFN GVODUJPO
. *G BO *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT MPTU PS TUPMFO
*/'*/*5* SFDPNNFOET FSBTJOH UIF *% DPEF
PG UIBU *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ 5IJT XJMM QSFWFOU
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GSPN VOBVUIPSJ[FE
VTF UP VOMPDL UIF WFIJDMF 'PS JOGPSNB
UJPO SFHBSEJOH UIF FSBTJOH QSPDFEVSF
QMFBTF DPOUBDU BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
41"
.FDIBOJDBM LFZ
5P SFNPWF UIF NFDIBOJDBM LFZ SFMFBTF UIF
MPDL LOPC BU UIF CBDL PG UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
5P JOTUBMM UIF NFDIBOJDBM LFZ GJSNMZ JOTFSU
JU JOUP UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ VOUJM UIF MPDL
LOPC SFUVSOT UP UIF MPDL QPTJUJPO
6TF UIF NFDIBOJDBM LFZ UP MPDL PS VOMPDL
UIF EPPST BOE UIF HMPWF CPY JG UIFZ BSF
FRVJQQFE XJUI B LFZ DZMJOEFS
4FF g%PPSTu 1 BOE g4UPSBHFu 1
$"65*0/
"MXBZT DBSSZ UIF NFDIBOJDBM LFZ JOTUBMMFE JO
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
7"-&5 )"/%0''
8IFO ZPV IBWF UP MFBWF B LFZ XJUI B WBMFU
HJWF UIFN UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JUTFMG BOE
LFFQ UIF NFDIBOJDBM LFZ XJUI ZPV UP
QSPUFDU ZPVS CFMPOHJOHT
5P QSFWFOU UIF HMPWF CPY GSPN CFJOH
PQFOFE EVSJOH WBMFU IBOEPGG GPMMPX UIF
QSPDFEVSFT CFMPX
 3FNPWF UIF NFDIBOJDBM LFZ GSPN UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
 -PDL UIF HMPWF CPY XJUI UIF NFDIBOJDBM
LFZ
 )BOE UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ UP UIF WBMFU
LFFQJOH UIF NFDIBOJDBM LFZ JO ZPVS
QPDLFU PS CBH GPS JOTFSUJPO JOUP UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XIFO ZPV SFUSJFWF ZPVS
WFIJDMF
4FF g4UPSBHFu 1
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
8"3/*/(
. "MXBZT IBWF UIF EPPST MPDLFE XIJMF
ESJWJOH "MPOH XJUI UIF VTF PG TFBU CFMUT
UIJT QSPWJEFT HSFBUFS TBGFUZ JO UIF FWFOU
PG BO BDDJEFOU CZ IFMQJOH UP QSFWFOU
QFSTPOT GSPN CFJOH UISPXO GSPN UIF
WFIJDMF 5IJT BMTP IFMQT LFFQ DIJMESFO
BOE PUIFST GSPN VOJOUFOUJPOBMMZ PQFOJOH
UIF EPPST BOE XJMM IFMQ LFFQ PVU
JOUSVEFST
. #FGPSF PQFOJOH BOZ EPPS BMXBZT MPPL GPS
BOE BWPJE PODPNJOH USBGGJD
. %P OPU MFBWF DIJMESFO VOBUUFOEFE JOTJEF
UIF WFIJDMF 5IFZ DPVME VOLOPXJOHMZ
BDUJWBUF TXJUDIFT PS DPOUSPMT 6OBU
UFOEFE DIJMESFO DPVME CFDPNF JOWPMWFE
JO TFSJPVT BDDJEFOUT
41"#
-0$,*/( 8*5) .&$)"/*$"- ,&:
5IF QPXFS EPPS MPDL TZTUFN BMMPXT ZPV UP
MPDL PS VOMPDL BMM EPPST TJNVMUBOFPVTMZ
VTJOH UIF NFDIBOJDBM LFZ
. 5VSOJOH UIF ESJWFST EPPS LFZ DZMJOEFS UP
UIF GSPOU PG UIF WFIJDMF
*
XJMM MPDL BMM
EPPST
. 5VSOJOH UIF ESJWFST EPPS LFZ DZMJOEFS
PODF UP UIF SFBS PG UIF WFIJDMF
*
XJMM
VOMPDL UIF ESJWFST EPPS "GUFS SFUVSOJOH
UIF LFZ UP UIF OFVUSBM QPTJUJPO
*
UVSOJOH JU UP UIF SFBS BHBJO XJUIJO 
TFDPOET XJMM VOMPDL BMM EPPST
. :PV DBO TXJUDI UIF MPDL TZTUFN UP UIF
NPEF UIBU BMMPXT ZPV UP PQFO BMM UIF
EPPST XIFO UIF LFZ JT UVSOFE PODF 4FF
g)PX UP VTF 4&55*/( CVUUPOu 1
01&/*/( "/% $-04*/( 8*/%084
8*5) 5)& .&$)"/*$"- ,&:
5IF ESJWFST EPPS LFZ PQFSBUJPO BMTP BMMPXT
ZPV UP PQFO BOE DMPTF UIF XJOEPX UIBU JT
FRVJQQFE XJUI UIF BVUPNBUJD PQFODMPTF
GVODUJPO 4FF g1PXFS XJOEPXTu 1
5P PQFO UIF XJOEPX UVSO UIF ESJWFST EPPS
LFZ DZMJOEFS UP UIF SFBS PG UIF WFIJDMF GPS
MPOHFS UIBO TFDPOE 5IF EPPS JT VOMPDLFE
BOE UIF XJOEPX LFFQT PQFOJOH XIJMF
UVSOJOH UIF LFZ
5IJT GVODUJPO DBO BMTP CF QFSGPSNFE CZ
QVTIJOH BOE IPMEJOH UIF EPPS 6/-0$,
CVUUPO PG UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ 4FF g3FNPUF
LFZMFTT FOUSZ TZTUFNu 1
5P DMPTF UIF XJOEPX UVSO UIF ESJWFST EPPS
LFZ DZMJOEFS UP UIF GSPOU PG UIF WFIJDMF GPS
MPOHFS UIBO TFDPOE 5IF EPPS JT MPDLFE
BOE UIF XJOEPX LFFQT DMPTJOH XIJMF UVSO
JOH UIF LFZ
%0034
background
41"
-0$,*/( 8*5) */4*%& -0$, ,/0#
5P MPDL UIF EPPS JOEJWJEVBMMZ NPWF UIF
JOTJEF MPDL LOPC UP UIF MPDL QPTJUJPO
*
5P VOMPDL NPWF UIF JOTJEF MPDL LOPC UP UIF
VOMPDL QPTJUJPO
*
#F TVSF OPU UP MFBWF UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
41"
-0$,*/( 8*5) 108&3 %003 -0$,
48*5$)
0QFSBUJOH UIF QPXFS EPPS MPDL TXJUDI XJMM
MPDL PS VOMPDL BMM UIF EPPST 5IF TXJUDIFT
BSF MPDBUFE PO UIF ESJWFST BOE GSPOU
QBTTFOHFST EPPS BSNSFTUT
5P MPDL UIF EPPST QVTI UIF QPXFS EPPS MPDL
TXJUDI UP UIF MPDL QPTJUJPO
*
#F TVSF OPU UP MFBWF UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
5P VOMPDL UIF EPPST JODMVEJOH UIF GVFMGJMMFS
EPPS QVTI UIF QPXFS EPPS MPDL TXJUDI UP
UIF VOMPDL QPTJUJPO
*
-PDLPVU QSPUFDUJPO
8IFO UIF QPXFS EPPS MPDL TXJUDI ESJWFS PS
GSPOU QBTTFOHFS JT NPWFE UP UIF MPDL
QPTJUJPO XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JO UIF QPSU
BOE BOZ EPPS PQFO BMM EPPST XJMM MPDL BOE
VOMPDL BVUPNBUJDBMMZ 8JUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ MFGU JO UIF WFIJDMF OPU JO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ QPSU BOE BOZ EPPS PQFO BMM EPPST XJMM
VOMPDL BVUPNBUJDBMMZ BOE B DIJNF XJMM
TPVOE BGUFS UIF EPPS JT DMPTFE
5IFTF GVODUJPOT IFMQ UP QSFWFOU UIF *O
UFMMJHFOU ,FZ GSPN CFJOH BDDJEFOUBMMZ
MPDLFE JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
"650."5*$ %003 -0$,4
. "MM EPPST XJMM CF MPDLFE BVUPNBUJDBMMZ
XIFO UIF WFIJDMF TQFFE SFBDIFT 
.1)  LNI
. "MM EPPST XJMM CF VOMPDLFE BVUPNBUJDBMMZ
XIFO UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT QMBDFE JO
UIF 0'' QPTJUJPO
5IF BVUPNBUJD VOMPDL GVODUJPO DBO CF
EFBDUJWBUFE PS BDUJWBUFE 5P EFBDUJWBUF PS
BDUJWBUF UIF BVUPNBUJD EPPS VOMPDL TZTUFN
QFSGPSN UIF GPMMPXJOH QSPDFEVSF
 $MPTF BMM EPPST
 1MBDF UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JO UIF 0/
QPTJUJPO
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
 8JUIJO  TFDPOET PG QFSGPSNJOH 4UFQ
 QVTI BOE IPME UIF QPXFS EPPS MPDL
TXJUDI UP UIF
QPTJUJPO 6/-0$, GPS
NPSF UIBO TFDPOET
 8IFO BDUJWBUFE UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS
XJMM GMBTI UXJDF 8IFO EFBDUJWBUFE UIF
IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS XJMM GMBTI PODF
 5IF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI NVTU CF QMBDFE JO
UIF 0'' BOE 0/ QPTJUJPO BHBJO CFUXFFO
FBDI TFUUJOH DIBOHF
8IFO UIF BVUPNBUJD EPPS VOMPDL TZTUFN JT
EFBDUJWBUFE UIF EPPST EP OPU VOMPDL XIFO
UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT QMBDFE JO UIF 0''
QPTJUJPO 5P VOMPDL UIF EPPS NBOVBMMZ VTF
UIF JOTJEF MPDL LOPC PS UIF QPXFS EPPS MPDL
TXJUDI ESJWFST PS GSPOU QBTTFOHFST TJEF
41"
$)*-% 4"'&5: 3&"3 %003 -0$,
$IJME TBGFUZ SFBS EPPS MPDLT IFMQ QSFWFOU
EPPST GSPN CFJOH PQFOFE BDDJEFOUBMMZ
FTQFDJBMMZ XIFO TNBMM DIJMESFO BSF JO UIF
WFIJDMF
8IFO UIF MFWFST BSF JO UIF MPDL QPTJUJPO
*
UIF SFBS EPPST DBO CF PQFOFE POMZ
GSPN UIF PVUTJEF
5P EJTFOHBHF NPWF UIF MFWFST UP UIF
VOMPDL QPTJUJPO
*
8"3/*/(
. 3BEJP XBWFT DPVME BEWFSTFMZ BGGFDU
FMFDUSJD NFEJDBM FRVJQNFOU 5IPTF XIP
VTF B QBDFNBLFS TIPVME DPOUBDU UIF
FMFDUSJD NFEJDBM FRVJQNFOU NBOVGBD
UVSFS GPS UIF QPTTJCMF JOGMVFODFT CFGPSF
VTF
. 5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ USBOTNJUT SBEJP
XBWFT XIFO UIF CVUUPOT BSF QVTIFE
5IF '"" BEWJTFT UIBU UIF SBEJP XBWFT
NBZ BGGFDU BJSDSBGU OBWJHBUJPO BOE DPN
NVOJDBUJPO TZTUFNT %P OPU PQFSBUF UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XIJMF PO BO BJSQMBOF
.BLF TVSF UIF CVUUPOT BSF OPU PQFSBUFE
VOJOUFOUJPOBMMZ XIFO UIF VOJU JT TUPSFE
EVSJOH B GMJHIU
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN DBO PQFSBUF BMM
EPPST BOE UIF MJGU HBUF VTJOH UIF SFNPUF
DPOUSPMMFS GVODUJPO PS QVTIJOH UIF SFRVFTU
TXJUDI PO UIF WFIJDMF XJUIPVU UBLJOH UIF
LFZ PVU GSPN B QPDLFU PS QVSTF 5IF
PQFSBUJOH FOWJSPONFOU BOEPS DPOEJUJPOT
NBZ BGGFDU UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN
PQFSBUJPO
#F TVSF UP SFBE UIF GPMMPXJOH CFGPSF VTJOH
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN
*/5&--*(&/5 ,&: 4:45&.
background
$"65*0/
. #F TVSF UP DBSSZ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI
ZPV XIFO PQFSBUJOH UIF WFIJDMF
. /FWFS MFBWF UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JO UIF
WFIJDMF XIFO ZPV MFBWF UIF WFIJDMF
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT BMXBZT DPNNVOJDBU
JOH XJUI UIF WFIJDMF BT JU SFDFJWFT SBEJP
XBWFT 5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN USBOT
NJUT XFBL SBEJP XBWFT &OWJSPONFOUBM
DPOEJUJPOT NBZ JOUFSGFSF XJUI UIF PQFSBUJPO
PG UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN VOEFS UIF
GPMMPXJOH PQFSBUJOH DPOEJUJPOT
. 8IFO PQFSBUJOH OFBS B MPDBUJPO XIFSF
TUSPOH SBEJP XBWFT BSF USBOTNJUUFE
TVDI BT B 57 UPXFS QPXFS TUBUJPO BOE
CSPBEDBTUJOH TUBUJPO
. 8IFO JO QPTTFTTJPO PG XJSFMFTT FRVJQ
NFOU TVDI BT B DFMMVMBS UFMFQIPOF
USBOTDFJWFS BOE $# SBEJP
. 8IFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT JO DPOUBDU
XJUI PS DPWFSFE CZ NFUBMMJD NBUFSJBMT
. 8IFO BOZ UZQF PG SBEJP XBWF SFNPUF
DPOUSPM JT VTFE OFBSCZ
. 8IFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT QMBDFE OFBS
BO FMFDUSJD BQQMJBODF TVDI BT B QFSTPOBM
DPNQVUFS
. 8IFO UIF WFIJDMF JT QBSLFE OFBS B
QBSLJOH NFUFS
*O TVDI DBTFT DPSSFDU UIF PQFSBUJOH DPOEJ
UJPOT CFGPSF VTJOH UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
GVODUJPO PS VTF UIF NFDIBOJDBM LFZ
"MUIPVHI UIF MJGF PG UIF CBUUFSZ WBSJFT
EFQFOEJOH PO UIF PQFSBUJOH DPOEJUJPOT
UIF CBUUFSZT MJGF JT BQQSPYJNBUFMZ ZFBST
*G UIF CBUUFSZ JT EJTDIBSHFE SFQMBDF JU XJUI
B OFX POF
8IFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ CBUUFSZ JT BMNPTU
EJTDIBSHFE JOTFSU UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JOUP
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ QPSU UP TUBSU UIF FOHJOF
3FQMBDF UIF EJTDIBSHFE CBUUFSZ XJUI B OFX
POF BT TPPO BT QPTTJCMF 'PS NPSF EFUBJMT
TFF g1VTICVUUPO JHOJUJPO TXJUDIu 1
4JODF UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT DPOUJOVPVTMZ
SFDFJWJOH SBEJP XBWFT JG UIF LFZ JT MFGU OFBS
FRVJQNFOU XIJDI USBOTNJUT TUSPOH SBEJP
XBWFT TVDI BT TJHOBMT GSPN B 57 BOE
QFSTPOBM DPNQVUFS UIF CBUUFSZ MJGF NBZ
CFDPNF TIPSUFS
'PS JOGPSNBUJPO SFHBSEJOH SFQMBDFNFOU PG B
CBUUFSZ TFF g*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ CBUUFSZ SFQMB
DFNFOUu 1
"T NBOZ BT *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZT DBO CF
SFHJTUFSFE BOE VTFE XJUI POF WFIJDMF 'PS
JOGPSNBUJPO BCPVU UIF QVSDIBTF BOE VTF PG
BEEJUJPOBM *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZT DPOUBDU BO
*/'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
$"65*0/
. %P OPU BMMPX UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XIJDI
DPOUBJOT FMFDUSJDBM DPNQPOFOUT UP DPNF
JOUP DPOUBDU XJUI XBUFS PS TBMU XBUFS 5IJT
DPVME BGGFDU UIF TZTUFN GVODUJPO
. %P OPU ESPQ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
. %P OPU TUSJLF UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TIBSQMZ
BHBJOTU BOPUIFS PCKFDU
. %P OPU DIBOHF PS NPEJGZ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ
. 8FUUJOH NBZ EBNBHF UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
*G UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ HFUT XFU JNNFEJ
BUFMZ XJQF VOUJM JU JT DPNQMFUFMZ ESZ
. *G UIF PVUTJEF UFNQFSBUVSF JT CFMPX 8'
á8$ EFHSFFT UIF CBUUFSZ PG UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ NBZ OPU GVODUJPO QSPQ
FSMZ
. %P OPU QMBDF UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GPS BO
FYUFOEFE QFSJPE JO BO BSFB XIFSF UFN
QFSBUVSFT FYDFFE 8' 8$
. %P OPU BUUBDI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI B
LFZ IPMEFS UIBU DPOUBJOT B NBHOFU
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
. %P OPU QMBDF UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ OFBS
FRVJQNFOU UIBU QSPEVDFT B NBHOFUJD
GJFME TVDI BT B 57 BVEJP FRVJQNFOU
BOE QFSTPOBM DPNQVUFST
*G BO *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT MPTU PS TUPMFO
*/'*/*5* SFDPNNFOET FSBTJOH UIF *% DPEF
PG UIBU *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GSPN UIF WFIJDMF 5IJT
NBZ QSFWFOU UIF VOBVUIPSJ[FE VTF PG UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ UP PQFSBUF UIF WFIJDMF 'PS
JOGPSNBUJPO SFHBSEJOH UIF FSBTJOH QSPDF
EVSF DPOUBDU BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
41"
*/5&--*(&/5 ,&: 01&3"5*/(
3"/(&
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GVODUJPOT DBO POMZ CF
VTFE XIFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT XJUIJO UIF
TQFDJGJFE PQFSBUJOH SBOHF GSPN UIF SFRVFTU
TXJUDI
*
8IFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ CBUUFSZ JT EJT
DIBSHFE PS TUSPOH SBEJP XBWFT BSF QSFTFOU
OFBS UIF PQFSBUJOH MPDBUJPO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ TZTUFNT PQFSBUJOH SBOHF CFDPNFT
OBSSPXFS BOE UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ NBZ OPU
GVODUJPO QSPQFSMZ
5IF PQFSBUJOH SBOHF JT XJUIJO  JO 
DN GSPN FBDI SFRVFTU TXJUDI
*
*G UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT UPP DMPTF UP UIF EPPS
HMBTT IBOEMF PS SFBS CVNQFS UIF SFRVFTU
TXJUDIFT NBZ OPU GVODUJPO
8IFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT XJUIJO UIF
PQFSBUJOH SBOHF JU JT QPTTJCMF GPS BOZPOF
XIP EPFT OPU DBSSZ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ UP
QVTI UIF SFRVFTU TXJUDI UP MPDLVOMPDL UIF
EPPST JODMVEJOH UIF MJGU HBUF
background
41"
%003 -0$,46/-0$,4 13&$"6
5*0/
. %P OPU QVTI UIF EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU
TXJUDI XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ IFME JO
ZPVS IBOE BT JMMVTUSBUFE 5IF DMPTF
EJTUBODF UP UIF EPPS IBOEMF XJMM DBVTF
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN UP IBWF
EJGGJDVMUZ SFDPHOJ[JOH UIBU UIF *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZ JT PVUTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
. "GUFS MPDLJOH XJUI UIF EPPS IBOEMF
SFRVFTU TXJUDI WFSJGZ UIF EPPST BSF
TFDVSFMZ MPDLFE CZ UFTUJOH UIFN
. 5P QSFWFOU UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GSPN
CFJOH MFGU JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF NBLF TVSF
ZPV DBSSZ UIF LFZ XJUI ZPV BOE UIFO
MPDL UIF EPPST
. %P OPU QVMM UIF EPPS IBOEMF CFGPSF
QVTIJOH UIF EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU
TXJUDI 5IF EPPS XJMM CF VOMPDLFE CVU
XJMM OPU PQFO 3FMFBTF UIF EPPS IBOEMF
PODF BOE QVMM JU BHBJO UP PQFO UIF EPPS
. 5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN PQFOJOH
DMPTJOH EPPST XJUI UIF EPPS IBOEMF
SFRVFTU TXJUDI DBO CF TFU UP SFNBJO
JOBDUJWF 4FF g7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO BOE
TFUUJOHTu 1
41"
*/5&--*(&/5 ,&: 01&3"5*0/
:PV DBO MPDL PS VOMPDL UIF EPPST XJUIPVU
UBLJOH UIF LFZ PVU GSPN ZPVS QPDLFU PS CBH
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
41"
41"
8IFO ZPV DBSSZ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI
ZPV ZPV DBO MPDL PS VOMPDL BMM EPPST CZ
QVTIJOH UIF EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU TXJUDI
ESJWFST PS GSPOU QBTTFOHFST
*
"
PS UIF MJGU
HBUF SFRVFTU TXJUDI
*
#
XJUIJO UIF SBOHF PG
PQFSBUJPO
8IFO ZPV MPDL PS VOMPDL UIF EPPST PS UIF
MJGU HBUF UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS XJMM GMBTI BOE
UIF IPSO PS UIF PVUTJEF DIJNF XJMM TPVOE
BT B DPOGJSNBUJPO 'PS EFUBJMT TFF g4FUUJOH
IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE IPSO NPEFu 1
-PDLJOH EPPST BOE GVFMGJMMFS EPPS
 .PWF UIF TIJGU MFWFS UP UIF 1 1BSL
QPTJUJPO QVTI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF
0'' QPTJUJPO BOE NBLF TVSF ZPV DBSSZ
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI ZPV
 $MPTF BMM UIF EPPST
 1VTI UIF EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU TXJUDI
ESJWFST PS GSPOU QBTTFOHFST
*
"
PS UIF
MJGU HBUF SFRVFTU TXJUDI
*
#
XIJMF DBSSZ
JOH UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI ZPV
 "MM UIF EPPST BOE GVFMGJMMFS EPPS XJMM
MPDL
 5IF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT UXJDF BOE
UIF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET UXJDF
 %PPST XJMM MPDL XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
XIJMF UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF "$$
PS 0/ QPTJUJPO
 %PPST XJMM OPU MPDL XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ XIJMF BOZ EPPS JODMVEJOH UIF MJGU
HBUF JT PQFO
 %PPST XJMM OPU MPDL CZ QVTIJOH UIF
EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU TXJUDI XJUI UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
)PXFWFS XIFO BO *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT
JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF EPPST DBO CF
MPDLFE XJUI BOPUIFS SFHJTUFSFE *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZ
$"65*0/
. "GUFS MPDLJOH UIF EPPST VTJOH UIF SFRVFTU
TXJUDI NBLF TVSF UIBU UIF EPPST IBWF
CFFO TFDVSFMZ MPDLFE CZ PQFSBUJOH UIF
EPPS IBOEMFT
. 8IFO MPDLJOH UIF EPPST VTJOH UIF
SFRVFTU TXJUDI NBLF TVSF UP IBWF UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JO ZPVS QPTTFTTJPO CFGPSF
PQFSBUJOH UIF SFRVFTU TXJUDI UP QSFWFOU
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GSPN CFJOH MFGU JO UIF
WFIJDMF
. 5IF SFRVFTU TXJUDI JT PQFSBUJPOBM POMZ
XIFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ IBT CFFO
EFUFDUFE CZ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN
background
-PDLPVU QSPUFDUJPO
5P QSFWFOU UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GSPN CFJOH
BDDJEFOUBMMZ MPDLFE JO UIF WFIJDMF MPDLPVU
QSPUFDUJPO JT FRVJQQFE XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ TZTUFN
8IFO UIF ESJWFST TJEF EPPS JT PQFO UIF
EPPST BSF MPDLFE BOE UIFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ JT QVU JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF BOE BMM UIF
EPPST BSF DMPTFE UIF MPDL XJMM BVUPNBUJ
DBMMZ VOMPDL BOE UIF EPPS CV[[FS TPVOET
/05&
5IF EPPST NBZ OPU MPDL XIFO UIF *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZ JT JO UIF TBNF IBOE UIBU JT
PQFSBUJOH UIF SFRVFTU TXJUDI UP MPDL UIF
EPPS 1VU UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JO B QVSTF
QPDLFU PS ZPVS PUIFS IBOE
$"65*0/
5IF MPDLPVU QSPUFDUJPO NBZ OPU GVODUJPO
VOEFS UIF GPMMPXJOH DPOEJUJPOT
. 8IFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT QMBDFE PO UPQ
PG UIF JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM
. 8IFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT QMBDFE JOTJEF
UIF HMPWF CPY PS B TUPSBHF CJO
. 8IFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT QMBDFE JOTJEF
UIF EPPS QPDLFUT
. 8IFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT QMBDFE JOTJEF
PS OFBS NFUBMMJD NBUFSJBMT
6OMPDLJOH EPPST BOE GVFMGJMMFS EPPS
 1VTI UIF EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU TXJUDI
ESJWFST PS GSPOU QBTTFOHFST
*
"
PS UIF
MJGU HBUF SFRVFTU TXJUDI
*
#
PODF XIJMF
DBSSZJOH UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI ZPV
8IFO ZPV BQQSPBDI UIF WFIJDMF XJUI
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ UIF QVEEMF MJHIU BOE
UIF QBTTFOHFS DBCJO JMMVNJOBUJPO XJMM
JMMVNJOBUF BOE TUBZ PO GPS B TIPSU
QFSJPE PG UJNF 4FF g8FMDPNF MJHIUu
1
 5IF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT PODF BOE
PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET PODF 5IF DPSSF
TQPOEJOH EPPS XJMM VOMPDL
5IF GVFMGJMMFS EPPS XJMM BMTP VOMPDL
XIFO UIF ESJWFST EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU
TXJUDI JT QVTIFE
 1VTI UIF EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU PS UIF MJGU
HBUF SFRVFTU TXJUDI BHBJO XJUIJO 
TFDPOET
 5IF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT PODF BOE
PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET PODF BHBJO "MM
UIF EPPST XJMM VOMPDL
5IF GVFMGJMMFS EPPS XJMM BMTP VOMPDL
XIFO UIF GSPOU QBTTFOHFST EPPS IBO
EMF PS MJGU HBUF SFRVFTU TXJUDI JT
QVTIFE
5IF MJGU HBUF DBO CF VOMPDLFE BOE PQFOFE
CZ QVTIJOH UIF MJGU HBUF PQFOFS TXJUDI 4FF
g-JGU HBUFu 1
"MM EPPST XJMM CF MPDLFE BVUPNBUJDBMMZ
VOMFTT POF PG UIF GPMMPXJOH PQFSBUJPOT JT
QFSGPSNFE XJUIJO NJOVUF BGUFS QVTIJOH
UIF SFRVFTU TXJUDI XIJMF UIF EPPST BSF
MPDLFE *G EVSJOH UIJT NJOVUF UJNF QFSJPE
UIF SFRVFTU TXJUDI JT QVTIFE BMM EPPST XJMM
CF MPDLFE BVUPNBUJDBMMZ BGUFS BOPUIFS
NJOVUF
. 0QFOJOH BOZ EPPS JODMVEJOH UIF MJGU
HBUF
. 1VTIJOH UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI
1PXFS MJGU HBUF PQFO
 $BSSZ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
 1VTI UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF PQFOFS TXJUDI
*
$
 5IF MJGU HBUF XJMM VOMPDL BOE BVUPNBUJ
DBMMZ PQFO
 5IF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT UJNFT
BOE UIF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET
5P DMPTF UIF MJGU HBUF QVTI UIF QPXFS MJGU
HBUF CVUUPO PO UIF LFZ PS QPXFS MJGU HBUF
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
TXJUDI PO UIF JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM PS MPXFS
QBSU PG UIF MJGU HBUF 4FF g-JGU HBUFu 1
#"55&3: 4"7&3 4:45&.
8IFO BMM UIF GPMMPXJOH DPOEJUJPOT BSF NFU
GPS B QFSJPE PG UJNF UIF CBUUFSZ TBWFS
TZTUFN XJMM DVU PGG UIF QPXFS TVQQMZ UP
QSFWFOU CBUUFSZ EJTDIBSHF
. 5IF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF "$$
QPTJUJPO BOE
. "MM EPPST BSF DMPTFE BOE
. 5IF TIJGU MFWFS JT JO UIF 1 1BSL QPTJUJPO
8"3/*/( 4*(/"-4
5P IFMQ QSFWFOU UIF WFIJDMF GSPN NPWJOH
VOFYQFDUFEMZ CZ FSSPOFPVT PQFSBUJPO PG
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ MJTUFE PO UIF GPMMPXJOH
DIBSU PS UP IFMQ QSFWFOU UIF WFIJDMF GSPN
CFJOH TUPMFO DIJNF PS CFFQ TPVOET JOTJEF
BOE PVUTJEF UIF WFIJDMF BOE B XBSOJOH
EJTQMBZT JO UIF WFIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ
8IFO B DIJNF PS CFFQ TPVOET PS UIF
XBSOJOH EJTQMBZT CF TVSF UP DIFDL UIF
WFIJDMF BOE *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
4FF g5SPVCMFTIPPUJOH HVJEFu 1 BOE
g7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZu 1
background
5306#-&4)005*/( (6*%&
4ZNQUPN 1PTTJCMF DBVTF "DUJPO UP UBLF
8IFO QVTIJOH UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI
UP TUPQ UIF FOHJOF
5IF 4)*'5 1 XBSOJOH BQQFBST PO UIF EJTQMBZ
BOE UIF JOTJEF XBSOJOH DIJNF TPVOET DPO
UJOVPVTMZ PS GPS B GFX TFDPOET
5IF TIJGU MFWFS JT OPU JO UIF 1 1BSL
QPTJUJPO
4IJGU UIF TIJGU MFWFS UP UIF 1 1BSL QPTJUJPO
8IFO TIJGUJOH UIF TIJGU MFWFS UP
UIF 1 1BSL QPTJUJPO
5IF JOTJEF XBSOJOH DIJNF TPVOET DPOUJOV
PVTMZ
5IF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF "$$ PS 0/
QPTJUJPO
1VTI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF 0'' QPTJUJPO
8IFO PQFOJOH UIF ESJWFST EPPS UP
HFU PVU PG UIF WFIJDMF
5IF JOTJEF XBSOJOH DIJNF TPVOET DPOUJOV
PVTMZ
5IF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF "$$ QPTJ
UJPO
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT JO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ QPSU
1VTI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF 0'' QPTJUJPO
3FNPWF UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GSPN UIF *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZ QPSU
8IFO DMPTJOH UIF EPPS BGUFS HFU
UJOH PVU PG UIF WFIJDMF
5IF /0 ,&: XBSOJOH BQQFBST PO UIF EJTQMBZ
UIF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET UJNFT BOE UIF
JOTJEF XBSOJOH DIJNF TPVOET GPS B GFX
TFDPOET
5IF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF "$$ PS 0/
QPTJUJPO
1VTI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF 0'' QPTJUJPO
5IF 4)*'5 1 XBSOJOH BQQFBST PO UIF EJTQMBZ
BOE UIF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET DPOUJOVPVTMZ
5IF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF "$$ PS 0''
QPTJUJPO BOE UIF TIJGU MFWFS JT OPU JO UIF
1 1BSL QPTJUJPO
.PWF UIF TIJGU MFWFS UP UIF 1 1BSL QPTJUJPO
BOE QVTI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF 0''
QPTJUJPO
8IFO DMPTJOH UIF EPPS XJUI UIF
JOTJEF MPDL LOPC UVSOFE UP -0$,
5IF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET GPS B GFX TFDPOET
BOE BMM UIF EPPST VOMPDL
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
PS DBSHP BSFB
$BSSZ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI ZPV
8IFO QVTIJOH UIF SFRVFTU TXJUDI
PS UIF -0$,
CVUUPO PO UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ UP MPDL UIF EPPS
5IF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET GPS B GFX TFDPOET
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
PS DBSHP BSFB
$BSSZ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI ZPV
" EPPS JT OPU DMPTFE TFDVSFMZ $MPTF UIF EPPS TFDVSFMZ
8IFO QVTIJOH UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI
UP TUBSU UIF FOHJOF
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN XBSOJOH MJHIU JO UIF
NFUFS CMJOLT JO HSFFO
5IF CBUUFSZ DIBSHF JT MPX
3FQMBDF UIF CBUUFSZ XJUI B OFX POF 4FF
g#BUUFSZu 1
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN XBSOJOH MJHIU JO UIF
NFUFS CMJOLT JO ZFMMPX BOE UIF JOTJEF XBSOJOH
DIJNF TPVOET GPS B GFX TFDPOET
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT OPU JO UIF WFIJDMF $BSSZ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI ZPV
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN XBSOJOH MJHIU JO UIF
NFUFS JMMVNJOBUFT JO ZFMMPX
*U XBSOT PG B NBMGVODUJPO XJUI UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN
$POUBDU BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
8"3/*/(
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ USBOTNJUT SBEJP XBWFT
XIFO UIF CVUUPOT BSF QVTIFE 5IF '""
BEWJTFT UIBU SBEJP XBWFT NBZ BGGFDU BJSDSBGU
OBWJHBUJPO BOE DPNNVOJDBUJPO TZTUFNT %P
OPU PQFSBUF UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XIJMF PO BO
BJSQMBOF .BLF TVSF UIF CVUUPOT BSF OPU
PQFSBUFE VOJOUFOUJPOBMMZ XIFO UIF VOJU JT
TUPSFE GPS B GMJHIU
*U JT QPTTJCMF UP MPDLVOMPDL BMM EPPST UIF
MJGU HBUF GVFMGJMMFS EPPS BDUJWBUF UIF QBOJD
BMBSN BOE PQFO UIF XJOEPXT CZ QVTIJOH
UIF CVUUPOT PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GSPN
PVUTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
#FGPSF MPDLJOH UIF EPPST NBLF TVSF UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT OPU MFGU JO UIF WFIJDMF
5IF -0$,6/-0$, CVUUPO PO UIF *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZ DBO PQFSBUF BU B EJTUBODF PG
BQQSPYJNBUFMZ  GU  N GSPN UIF
WFIJDMF 5IF FGGFDUJWF EJTUBODF EFQFOET
VQPO UIF DPOEJUJPOT BSPVOE UIF WFIJDMF
"T NBOZ BT *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZT DBO CF VTFE
XJUI POF WFIJDMF 'PS JOGPSNBUJPO DPODFSO
JOH UIF QVSDIBTF BOE VTF PG BEEJUJPOBM
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZT DPOUBDU BO */'*/*5* SFUBJ
MFS
5IF MPDL BOE VOMPDL CVUUPOT PO UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJMM OPU PQFSBUF XIFO
. UIF EJTUBODF CFUXFFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
BOE UIF WFIJDMF JT PWFS  GU  N
. UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ CBUUFSZ SVOT EPXO
"GUFS MPDLJOH XJUI UIF SFNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ
GVODUJPO QVMM UIF EPPS IBOEMF UP NBLF TVSF
UIF EPPST BSF TFDVSFMZ MPDLFE
5IF -0$,6/-0$, PQFSBUJOH SBOHF WBSJFT
EFQFOEJOH PO UIF FOWJSPONFOU 5P TFDVSFMZ
PQFSBUF UIF MPDL BOE VOMPDL CVUUPOT
BQQSPBDI UIF WFIJDMF UP BCPVU GU  N
GSPN UIF EPPS
41"
*
-0$, CVUUPO
*
6/-0$, CVUUPO
*
1PXFS MJGU HBUF CVUUPO
*
1"/*$ CVUUPO
)08 50 64& 3&.05& ,&:-&44
&/53: 4:45&.
8IFO ZPV MPDL PS VOMPDL UIF EPPST PS UIF
MJGU HBUF UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS XJMM GMBTI BOE
UIF IPSO PS UIF PVUTJEF DIJNF XJMM TPVOE
BT B DPOGJSNBUJPO 'PS EFUBJMT TFF g4FUUJOH
IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE IPSO NPEFu 1
3&.05& ,&:-&44 &/53: 4:45&.
background
-PDLJOH EPPST BOE GVFMGJMMFS EPPS
 .PWF UIF TIJGU MFWFS UP UIF 1 1BSL
QPTJUJPO QVTI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF
0'' QPTJUJPO BOE NBLF TVSF ZPV DBSSZ
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI ZPV
 $MPTF BMM UIF EPPST BOE UIF MJGU HBUF
 1VTI UIF -0$,
CVUUPO
*
PO UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
 "MM UIF EPPST UIF MJGU HBUF BOE GVFMGJMMFS
EPPS XJMM MPDL
 5IF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT UXJDF BOE
UIF IPSO DIJSQT PODF
 %PPST XJMM MPDL XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
XIJMF UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF "$$ PS 0/
QPTJUJPO
6OMPDLJOH EPPST BOE GVFMGJMMFS EPPS
 1VTI UIF 6/-0$, CVUUPO
*
PO UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ PODF
 5IF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT PODF 5IF
ESJWFST EPPS BOE GVFMGJMMFS EPPS XJMM
VOMPDL
5IF QVEEMF MJHIU BOE UIF QBTTFOHFS
DBCJO JMMVNJOBUJPO XJMM JMMVNJOBUF BOE
TUBZ PO GPS B TIPSU QFSJPE PG UJNF
 1VTI UIF 6/-0$,
CVUUPO PO UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ BHBJO XJUIJO  TFD
POET
 5IF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT PODF
BHBJO "MM UIF EPPST XJMM VOMPDL
"MM EPPST XJMM CF MPDLFE BVUPNBUJDBMMZ
VOMFTT POF PG UIF GPMMPXJOH PQFSBUJPOT JT
QFSGPSNFE XJUIJO NJOVUF BGUFS QVTIJOH
UIF 6/-0$, CVUUPO PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
XIJMF UIF EPPST BSF MPDLFE *G EVSJOH UIJT 
NJOVUF UJNF QFSJPE UIF 6/-0$, CVUUPO PO
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT QVTIFE BMM EPPST XJMM
CF MPDLFE BVUPNBUJDBMMZ BGUFS BOPUIFS
NJOVUF
. 0QFOJOH BOZ EPPS
. 1VTIJOH UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI
0QFOJOH XJOEPXT JG TP FRVJQQFE
5IF 6/-0$, CVUUPO
*
PQFSBUJPO BMTP
BMMPXT ZPV UP PQFO B XJOEPX UIBU JT
FRVJQQFE XJUI UIF BVUPNBUJD PQFO GVOD
UJPO 5IJT GVODUJPO XJMM OPU PQFSBUF XIJMF
UIF XJOEPX UJNFS JT BDUJWBUFE PS UIF
XJOEPXT OFFE UP CF JOJUJBMJ[FE 4FF
g1PXFS XJOEPXTu 1
5P PQFO UIF XJOEPXT QVTI UIF 6/-0$,
CVUUPO
*
PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GPS
BCPVU TFDPOET BGUFS UIF EPPS JT VOMPDLFE
5P TUPQ PQFOJOH SFMFBTF UIF 6/-0$,
CVUUPO
*G UIF XJOEPX PQFO PQFSBUJPO JT TUPQQFE PO
UIF XBZ XIJMF QVTIJOH UIF 6/-0$,
CVUUPO SFMFBTF BOE QVTI UIF 6/-0$,
CVUUPO BHBJO VOUJM UIF XJOEPX PQFOT
DPNQMFUFMZ
8JOEPX DBOOPU CF DMPTFE VTJOH UIF *O
UFMMJHFOU ,FZ
5IF EPPS XJOEPX DBO BMTP CF PQFSBUFE CZ
UVSOJOH UIF NFDIBOJDBM LFZ JO B EPPS MPDL
4FF g%PPSTu 1
0QFOJOHDMPTJOH MJGU HBUF
0QFOJOH
 1VTI UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF CVUUPO
*
GPS NPSF UIBO TFDPOE
 5IF MJGU HBUF XJMM BVUPNBUJDBMMZ PQFO
5IF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT UJNFT BOE
UIF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET
$MPTJOH
 1VTI UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF CVUUPO
*
 5IF MJGU HBUF XJMM BVUPNBUJDBMMZ DMPTF
*G UIF CVUUPO
*
JT QVTIFE XIJMF UIF
MJGU HBUF JT CFJOH PQFOFE PS DMPTFE UIF MJGU
HBUF XJMM SFWFSTF
5IF QPXFS MJGU HBUF CVUUPO
*
DBOOPU
CF PQFSBUFE XIFO UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
UIF 0/ QPTJUJPO
6TJOH QBOJD BMBSN
*G ZPV BSF OFBS ZPVS WFIJDMF BOE GFFM
UISFBUFOFE ZPV NBZ BDUJWBUF UIF BMBSN UP
DBMM BUUFOUJPO BT GPMMPXT
 1VTI UIF 1"/*$
CVUUPO
*
PO UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GPS NPSF UIBO TFDPOE
 5IF UIFGU XBSOJOH BMBSN BOE IFBEMJHIUT
XJMM TUBZ PO GPS  TFDPOET
 5IF QBOJD BMBSN TUPQT XIFO
.
*U IBT SVO GPS  TFDPOET PS
.
"OZ PG UIF CVUUPOT PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ JT QVTIFE /PUF 1BOJD CVUUPO
TIPVME CF QVTIFE GPS NPSF UIBO
TFDPOE
4FUUJOH IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE IPSO
NPEF
5IJT WFIJDMF JT TFU JO IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE
IPSO NPEF XIFO ZPV GJSTU SFDFJWF UIF
WFIJDMF
*O IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE IPSO NPEF XIFO
UIF -0$,
CVUUPO
*
JT QVTIFE UIF
IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT UXJDF BOE UIF IPSO
DIJSQT PODF 8IFO UIF 6/-0$,
CVUUPO
*
JT QVTIFE UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT
PODF
*G IPSOT BSF OPU OFDFTTBSZ UIF TZTUFN DBO
CF TXJUDIFE UP UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS NPEF
*O IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS NPEF XIFO UIF -0$,
CVUUPO JT QVTIFE UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS
GMBTIFT UXJDF 8IFO UIF 6/-0$,
CVUUPO JT QVTIFE OFJUIFS UIF IB[BSE
JOEJDBUPS OPS UIF IPSO PQFSBUFT
background
)B[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE IPSO NPEF
%003 -0$, %003 6/-0$,
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN
6TJOH EPPS IBOEMF PS MJGU HBUF SFRVFTU
TXJUDI
)";"3% UXJDF
0654*%& $)*.& UXJDF
)";"3% PODF
0654*%& $)*.& PODF
3FNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ TZTUFN
6TJOH
PS CVUUPO
)";"3% UXJDF
)03/ PODF
)";"3% PODF
)03/ OPOF
)B[BSE JOEJDBUPS NPEF
%003 -0$, %003 6/-0$,
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN
6TJOH EPPS IBOEMF PS MJGU HBUF SFRVFTU
TXJUDI
)";"3% UXJDF
0654*%& $)*.& UXJDF
)";"3% OPOF
0654*%& $)*.& PODF
3FNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ TZTUFN
6TJOH
PS CVUUPO
)";"3% UXJDF
)03/ OPOF
)";"3% OPOF
)03/ OPOF
4XJUDIJOH QSPDFEVSF
5P TXJUDI UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE IPSO
DIJNF PQFSBUJPO QVTI UIF -0$,
*
BOE 6/-0$,
*
CVUUPOT PO UIF *OUFM
MJHFOU ,FZ TJNVMUBOFPVTMZ GPS NPSF UIBO
TFDPOET
. 8IFO UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS NPEF JT TFU
UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT UJNFT
. 8IFO UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE IPSO
NPEF JT TFU UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS
GMBTIFT PODF BOE UIF IPSO DIJSQT PODF
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
+719
 1VMM UIF IPPE MPDL SFMFBTF IBOEMF
*
MPDBUFE CFMPX UIF JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM
UIF IPPE XJMM UIFO TQSJOH VQ TMJHIUMZ
 -PDBUF UIF MFWFS
*
JO CFUXFFO UIF
IPPE BOE HSJMMF QVTI UIF MFWFS TJEFXBZ
XJUI ZPVS GJOHFSUJQT BOE SBJTF UIF IPPE
 8IFO DMPTJOH UIF IPPE TMPXMZ DMPTF
UIF IPPE EPXO UP MBUDI CPUI UIF SJHIU
BOE MFGU MPDLT 1VTI UIF IPPE EPXO UP
MPDL UIF IPPE TFDVSFMZ JOUP QMBDF
8"3/*/(
. .BLF TVSF UIF IPPE JT DPNQMFUFMZ DMPTFE
BOE MBUDIFE CFGPSF ESJWJOH 'BJMVSF UP EP
TP DPVME DBVTF UIF IPPE UP GMZ PQFO BOE
SFTVMU JO BO BDDJEFOU
. *G ZPV TFF TUFBN PS TNPLF DPNJOH GSPN
UIF FOHJOF DPNQBSUNFOU UP BWPJE JOKVSZ
EP OPU PQFO UIF IPPE
8"3/*/(
. "MXBZT CF TVSF UIF MJGU HBUF IBT CFFO
DMPTFE TFDVSFMZ UP QSFWFOU JU GSPN PQFO
JOH XIJMF ESJWJOH
. %P OPU ESJWF XJUI UIF MJGU HBUF PQFO 5IJT
DPVME BMMPX EBOHFSPVT FYIBVTU HBTFT UP
CF ESBXO JOUP UIF WFIJDMF 4FF g&YIBVTU
HBT DBSCPO NPOPYJEFu 1 PG UIJT
NBOVBM
. %P OPU MFBWF DIJMESFO VOBUUFOEFE JOTJEF
UIF WFIJDMF 5IFZ DPVME VOLOPXJOHMZ
BDUJWBUF TXJUDIFT PS DPOUSPMT 6OBU
UFOEFE DIJMESFO DPVME CFDPNF JOWPMWFE
JO TFSJPVT BDDJEFOUT
. "MXBZT CF TVSF UIBU IBOET BOE GFFU BSF
DMFBS PG UIF EPPS GSBNF UP BWPJE JOKVSZ
XIJMF DMPTJOH UIF MJGU HBUF
)00% -*'5 ("5&
background
01&3"5*/( 108&3 -*'5 ("5&
5P PQFSBUF UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF UIF TIJGU
MFWFS NVTU CF JO UIF 1 1BSL QPTJUJPO
5IF QPXFS MJGU HBUF XJMM OPU PQFSBUF JG UIF
CBUUFSZ WPMUBHF JT VOEFS BQQSPYJNBUFMZ
7
41"
1PXFS MJGU HBUF NBJO TXJUDI
5IF QPXFS MJGU HBUF PQFSBUJPO DBO CF UVSOFE
PO PS PGG CZ UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF NBJO TXJUDI
PO UIF JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM
8IFO UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF NBJO TXJUDI JT JO
UIF g0''u QPTJUJPO UIF QPXFS PQFSBUJPO JT
BWBJMBCMF CZ UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF TXJUDI PO
UIF JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM PS UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF
CVUUPO PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
41"
1PXFS MJGU HBUF TXJUDI *OTUSVNFOU QBOFM
41"
-JGU HBUF PQFOFS TXJUDI
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
41"
1PXFS MJGU HBUF CVUUPO *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
41"
1PXFS MJGU HBUF TXJUDI -JGU HBUF
1PXFS PQFO
8IFO UIF MJGU HBUF JT GVMMZ DMPTFE UIF MJGU
HBUF XJMM GVMMZ PQFO BVUPNBUJDBMMZ CZ
QFSGPSNJOH POF PG UIF GPMMPXJOH PQFSB
UJPOT
. 1VTIJOH UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF TXJUDI
*
"
PO UIF JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM
. 1VTIJOH UIF MJGU HBUF PQFOFS TXJUDI
*
#
. 1VTIJOH UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF CVUUPO
*
$
PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GPS NPSF UIBO
TFDPOE
5IF IB[BSE GMBTIFT UJNFT BOE UIF PVUTJEF
DIJNF TPVOET XIFO UIF MJGU HBUF TUBSUT
PQFOJOH
/05&
5IF MJGU HBUF DBO CF PQFOFE CZ UIF QPXFS
MJGU HBUF TXJUDI
*
"
UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF
PQFOFS TXJUDI
*
#
PS UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF
CVUUPO
*
$
FWFO JG UIF MJGU HBUF JT
MPDLFE 5IF MJGU HBUF XJMM JOEJWJEVBMMZ
VOMPDL BOE PQFO
1PXFS DMPTF
8IFO UIF MJGU HBUF JT GVMMZ PQFOFE UIF MJGU
HBUF XJMM GVMMZ DMPTF BVUPNBUJDBMMZ CZ
QFSGPSNJOH POF PG UIF GPMMPXJOH PQFSB
UJPOT
. 1VTIJOH UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF TXJUDI
*
"
PO UIF JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM
. 1VTIJOH UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF CVUUPO
*
$
PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GPS NPSF UIBO
TFDPOE
. 1VTIJOH UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF TXJUDI
*
%
PO UIF MPXFS QBSU PG UIF MJGU HBUF
5IF IB[BSE GMBTIFT UJNFT BOE UIF PVUTJEF
DIJNF TPVOET XIFO UIF MJGU HBUF TUBSUT
DMPTJOH
/05&
8IFO UIF MJGU HBUF JT DMPTFE JU SFNBJOT
VOMPDLFE .BOVBMMZ MPDL UIF MJGU HBUF
3FWFSTF GVODUJPO
5IF QPXFS MJGU HBUF XJMM SFWFSTF JNNFEJBUFMZ
JG POF PG UIF GPMMPXJOH BDUJPOT JT QFSGPSNFE
EVSJOH QPXFS PQFO PS QPXFS DMPTF
. QVTIJOH UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF TXJUDI
*
"
PO UIF JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM
. QVTIJOH UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF CVUUPO
*
$
PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
background
. QVTIJOH UIF QPXFS MJGU HBUF TXJUDI
*
%
PO UIF MPXFS QBSU PG UIF MJGU HBUF
5IF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET XIFO UIF MJGU
HBUF TUBSUT UP SFWFSTF
5IF QPXFS MJGU HBUF CVUUPO
*
$
PO UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ DBOOPU CF PQFSBUFE XIFO
UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF 0/ QPTJUJPO
"VUP SFWFSTF GVODUJPO
5IF BVUPSFWFSTF GVODUJPO FOBCMFT UIF MJGU
HBUF UP BVUPNBUJDBMMZ SFWFSTF XIFO TPNF
UIJOH JT DBVHIU JO UIF MJGU HBUF BT JU JT
PQFOJOH PS DMPTJOH 8IFO UIF DPOUSPM VOJU
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5IF BVUPNBUJD ESJWF QPTJUJPOFS TZTUFN XJMM
OPU XPSL PS XJMM TUPQ PQFSBUJOH VOEFS UIF
GPMMPXJOH DPOEJUJPOT
. 8IFO UIF WFIJDMF TQFFE JT BCPWF .1)
 LNI
. 8IFO UIF BEKVTUJOH TXJUDI GPS UIF
ESJWFST TFBU BOE TUFFSJOH DPMVNO JT
UVSOFE PO XIJMF UIF BVUPNBUJD ESJWF
QPTJUJPOFS JT PQFSBUJOH
. 8IFO UIF NFNPSZ TXJUDI PS JT OPU
QVTIFE GPS BU MFBTU TFDPOE
. 8IFO UIF TFBU TUFFSJOH DPMVNO BOE
PVUTJEF NJSSPST IBWF BMSFBEZ CFFO
NPWFE UP UIF NFNPSJ[FE QPTJUJPO
. 8IFO OP QPTJUJPO JT TUPSFE JO UIF
NFNPSZ TXJUDI
. 8IFO UIF FOHJOF JT TUBSUFE XIJMF NPW
JOH UIF BVUPNBUJD ESJWF QPTJUJPOFS
. 8IFO UIF "5 TIJGU MFWFS JT NPWFE GSPN
UIF 1 1BSL QPTJUJPO UP BOZ PUIFS
QPTJUJPO )PXFWFS JU XJMM OPU CF
DBODFMFE JG UIF TXJUDI JT QVTIFE XIJMF
UIF TFBU BOE TUFFSJOH DPMVNO BSF
SFUVSOJOH UP UIF QSFWJPVT QPTJUJPOT
FOUSZFYJU GVODUJPO
. 8IFO UIF ESJWFST EPPS SFNBJOT PQFO GPS
NPSF UIBO  TFDPOET BOE UIF JHOJUJPO
TXJUDI JT OPU JO UIF 0/ QPTJUJPO
. 5IF TFBU TZODISPOJ[BUJPO GVODUJPO JT
BVUPNBUJDBMMZ EJTBCMFE JG UIF PVUTJEF
NJSSPST PS TUFFSJOH XIFFM SFBDIFT JUT
NBYJNVN BEKVTUNFOU
. 5IF TFBU TZODISPOJ[BUJPO GVODUJPO XJMM
OPU PQFSBUF JG UIF TFBU JT BEKVTUFE PWFS
POF PG UIF GPMMPXJOH NBYJNVN UISFTI
PMET
4FBU TMJEJOH  JO  NN
4FBUCBDL SFDMJOJOH  EFHSFFT
4FBU MJGUFS SFBS TJEF  JO  NN
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
.&.0
background
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPH
OJUJPO TZTUFNT
4BGFUZ OPUF 
$FOUFS NVMUJGVODUJPO DPOUSPM QBOFM 
)PX UP VTF */'*/*5* DPOUSPMMFS  
)PX UP VTF UPVDI TDSFFO NPEFMT XJUI
OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN 
.FOV PQUJPOT NPEFMT XJUI
OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN 
)PX UP TFMFDU NFOVT PO UIF TDSFFO 
7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO BOE TFUUJOHT  
)PX UP VTF 45"564 CVUUPO  
)PX UP VTF CSJHIUOFTT DPOUSPM BOE EJTQMBZ
0/0'' CVUUPO 
)PX UP VTF */'0 CVUUPO  
)PX UP VTF 4&55*/( CVUUPO 
3FBS7JFX .POJUPS NPEFMT XJUIPVU
OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN  
)PX UP SFBE EJTQMBZFE MJOFT 
)PX UP QBSL XJUI QSFEJDUJWF DPVSTF MJOFT  
%JGGFSFODF CFUXFFO QSFEJDUJWF BOE
BDUVBM EJTUBODFT 
1SFEJDUJWF DPVSTF MJOF TFUUJOHT 
)PX UP BEKVTU TDSFFO  
0QFSBUJOH UJQT 
"SPVOE 7JFX .POJUPS "7. NPEFMT XJUI
OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN 
"WBJMBCMF WJFXT 
%JGGFSFODF CFUXFFO QSFEJDUJWF BOE
BDUVBM EJTUBODFT  
)PX UP TXJUDI UIF EJTQMBZ 
$BNFSB BJEJOH DPSOFS TPOBS GVODUJPO  
.PWJOH 0CKFDU %FUFDUJPO .0%  
)PX UP BEKVTU UIF TDSFFO WJFX 
"SPVOE 7JFX .POJUPS TFUUJOHT 
0QFSBUJOH UJQT  
7FOUJMBUPST 
"VUPNBUJD DMJNBUF DPOUSPM  
"VUPNBUJD DMJNBUF DPOUSPM 
0QFSBUJOH UJQT  
*ODBCJO NJDSPGJMUFS  
4FSWJDJOH DMJNBUF DPOUSPM  
"VEJP TZTUFN 
"VEJP PQFSBUJPO QSFDBVUJPOT 
'.".4"5 SBEJP XJUI $PNQBDU %JTD
$% QMBZFS  
%7% %JHJUBM 7FSTBUJMF %JTD QMBZFS PQFSBUJPO
NPEFMT XJUI OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN  
background
64# 6OJWFSTBM 4FSJBM #VT $POOFDUJPO 1PSU 
#MVFUPPUI
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TUSFBNJOH BVEJP NPEFMT XJUI
OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN 
J1PE
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QMBZFS PQFSBUJPO 
$%%7%64# NFNPSZ DBSF BOE DMFBOJOH  
4UFFSJOHXIFFMNPVOUFE DPOUSPMT GPS BVEJP 
"OUFOOB  
$BS QIPOF PS $# SBEJP 
#MVFUPPUI
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)BOET'SFF 1IPOF 4ZTUFN
NPEFMT XJUI OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN  
3FHVMBUPSZ JOGPSNBUJPO 
7PJDF DPNNBOET 
$POUSPM CVUUPOT 
$POOFDUJOH QSPDFEVSF  
1IPOF TFMFDUJPO  
2VJDL %JBM  
.BLJOH B DBMM  
3FDFJWJOH B DBMM 
%VSJOH B DBMM  
1IPOF TFUUJOH 
5SPVCMFTIPPUJOH HVJEF  
#MVFUPPUI
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)BOET'SFF 1IPOF 4ZTUFN
NPEFMT XJUIPVU OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN 
3FHVMBUPSZ JOGPSNBUJPO  
$POUSPM CVUUPOT  
7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO 4ZTUFN 
1BJSJOH QSPDFEVSF 
1IPOFCPPL SFHJTUSBUJPO  
.BLJOH B DBMM 
3FDFJWJOH B DBMM  
%VSJOH B DBMM 
1IPOF PQFSBUJPO 
4QFBLFS BEBQUBUJPO NPEF 
*/'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO 4ZTUFN NPEFMT XJUI
OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN 
*/'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO
4UBOEBSE .PEF 
6TJOH UIF TZTUFN 
*/'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO "MUFSOBUF
$PNNBOE .PEF  
6TJOH UIF TZTUFN 
5SPVCMFTIPPUJOH HVJEF 
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TZTUFN *G ZPV EP JU NBZ SFTVMU JO
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BCOPSNBMJUZ TVDI BT B GSP[FO TDSFFO PS
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UIF TZTUFN IBSEXBSF TQJMM MJRVJE PO JU PS
OPUJDF TNPLF PS TNFMM DPNJOH GSPN JU
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DPOUBDU ZPVS OFBSFTU */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
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BDDJEFOUT GJSF PS FMFDUSJD TIPDL
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BQQMZ UIF QBSLJOH CSBLF UP WJFX UIF
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3FGFS UP UIF TFQBSBUF /BWJHBUJPO
4ZTUFN 0XOFST .BOVBM
 */'*/*5* DPOUSPMMFS 1
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1
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 g*/'0u WFIJDMF BOE OBWJHBUJPO JOGPS
NBUJPO CVUUPO 1
 g4&55*/(u CVUUPO 1
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
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 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
4""
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 g"69u CVUUPO 1
 g3"%*0 ".p'.u CBOE TFMFDUPS CVUUPO
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8IFO ZPV VTF UIJT TZTUFN NBLF TVSF UIF
FOHJOF JT SVOOJOH
*G ZPV VTF UIF TZTUFN XJUI UIF FOHJOF OPU
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UJNF JU XJMM VTF VQ BMM UIF CBUUFSZ QPXFS
BOE UIF FOHJOF XJMM OPU TUBSU
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4""
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PS TIBSQ PCKFDU *G UIF HMBTT TDSFFO
CSFBLT EP OPU UPVDI JU %PJOH TP DPVME
SFTVMU JO BO JOKVSZ
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DMPUI *G BEEJUJPOBM DMFBOJOH JT OFDFTTBSZ
VTF B TNBMM BNPVOU PG OFVUSBM EFUFSHFOU
XJUI B TPGU DMPUI /FWFS VTF B SPVHI
DMPUI BMDPIPM CFO[JOF UIJOOFS PS BOZ
LJOE PG TPMWFOU PS QBQFS UPXFM XJUI B
DIFNJDBM DMFBOJOH BHFOU 5IFZ XJMM
TDSBUDI PS EFUFSJPSBUF UIF QBOFM
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DBS GSBHSBODF PO UIF EJTQMBZ $POUBDU
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DBOOPU CF PQFSBUFE XIJMF ESJWJOH
5IF POTDSFFO GVODUJPOT UIBU BSF OPU
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PVUu PS NVUFE
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PQFSBUF UIF OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN
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DPOUSPM PG ZPVS WFIJDMF BOE DBVTF BO
BDDJEFOU
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 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
4""
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background
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EFUFSHFOU XJUI B TPGU DMPUI /FWFS TQSBZ
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NFOV DPOUSPM TXJUDI PO UIF TUFFSJOHXIFFM
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4IPXT UIBU UIF */'*/*5* DPOUSPMMFS NBZ
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:PV DBO DIFDL JOGPSNBUJPO SFMBUFE UP UIF
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TVNQUJPO BOE OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN JG TP
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EJTQMBZ CSJHIUOFTT VTJOH UIF */'*/*5* DPO
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UIF CPUUPN PG UIF TDSFFO
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GPS ZPVS DPOWFOJFODF
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5IF GVFM FDPOPNZ JOGPSNBUJPO NBZ EJGGFS
GSPN UIF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZFE PO UIF
WFIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ 5IJT JT EVF UP
UIF UJNJOH EJGGFSFODF JO VQEBUJOH UIF
JOGPSNBUJPO BOE EPFT OPU JOEJDBUF B NBM
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 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
UIF g4FMFDU 6OJUTu LFZ NPEFMT XJUI OBWJ
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UIF IFBU DBVTFE CZ UIF WFIJDMFT USBWFMJOH
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 LNI GPS BQQSPYJNBUFMZ  NJOVUFT UP
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TVSF .POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4u 1
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SFNJOE ZPV UIBU UIF NBJOUFOBODF OFFET UP
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UIF FOHJOF PJM NBJOUFOBODF JOGPSNBUJPO
6TF UIF TBNF TUFQT UP TFU UIF PUIFS
NBJOUFOBODF JOGPSNBUJPO
 4FU UIF JOUFSWBM NJMFBHF PG UIF NBJO
UFOBODF TDIFEVMF 5P EFUFSNJOF UIF
SFDPNNFOEFE NBJOUFOBODF JOUFSWBM
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QMBZFE XIFO UIF TQFDJGJFE EJTUBODF IBT
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TXJUDI JT QVTIFE UP UIF "$$ PS 0/ QPTJUJPO
5IF SFNJOEFS XJMM OPU BQQFBS XIJMF ESJWJOH
4FMFDU UIF g0,u LFZ UP IJEF UIF SFNJOEFS
GPS UIF SFTU PG UIF DVSSFOU ESJWF
5P TUPQ UIF SFNJOEFS GSPN BQQFBSJOH
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. *ODSFBTF UIF g*OUFSWBMu EJTUBODF UP CF
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 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
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EJTQMBZFE BGUFS QVTIJOH UIF */'0 CVUUPO
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)08 50 64& 4&55*/( #6550/
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UIF 4&55*/( CVUUPO JT QVTIFE
%FTJHOT BOE JUFNT EJTQMBZFE PO UIF TDSFFO
NBZ WBSZ EFQFOEJOH PO UIF NPEFMT
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4FOTJUJWF 7PMVNF GVODUJPO JT UVSOFE PGG
XIFO UIF MFWFM JT TFU UP 0'' *ODSFBTJOH UIF
WBMVF XJMM DBVTF UIF WPMVNF UP JODSFBTF
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%SJWFST "VEJP 4UBHF JG TP FRVJQQFE
8IFO UIJT GFBUVSF JT UVSOFE UP 0/ CFUUFS
TPVOE XJMM CF QSPWJEFE UP UIF ESJWFST
QPTJUJPO 5IF ESJWFS DBO FOKPZ B NPSF DSJTQ
BOE DMFBS TPVOE UIBU JT TQFDJBMJ[FE GPS UIF
ESJWFST QPTJUJPO 5IF FGGFDU PG UIJT GFBUVSF
EFQFOET PO UIF UZQF PG NVTJD UIBU JT
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DPNQSFTTFE NVTJD GJMFT UISPVHI B $% %7%
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. 6TF UIF EJTQMBZFE MJOFT BOE UIF CJSET
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CJSETFZF WJFX BSF HSFBUMZ BGGFDUFE CZ
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WFIJDMF QPTJUJPO SPBE DPOEJUJPO BOE SPBE
HSBEF
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TJ[FE UJSFT UIF QSFEJDUJWF DPVSTF MJOF BOE
UIF CJSETFZF WJFX NBZ CF EJTQMBZFE
JODPSSFDUMZ
. 8IFO ESJWJOH UIF WFIJDMF VQ B IJMM
PCKFDUT WJFXFE JO UIF NPOJUPS BSF GVSUIFS
UIBO UIFZ BQQFBS 8IFO ESJWJOH UIF
WFIJDMF EPXO B IJMM PCKFDUT WJFXFE JO
UIF NPOJUPS BSF DMPTFS UIBO UIFZ BQQFBS
. 6TF UIF NJSSPST PS BDUVBMMZ MPPL UP
QSPQFSMZ KVEHF EJTUBODFT UP PUIFS PC
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MJOFT BSF XJEFS UIBO UIF BDUVBM XJEUI BOE
DPVSTF
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UIF SFBSWJFX EJGGFST GSPN BDUVBM EJTUBODF
CFDBVTF B XJEFBOHMF MFOT JT VTFE
. 0CKFDUT JO UIF NPOJUPS XJMM BQQFBS
WJTVBMMZ PQQPTJUF UIBO XIFO WJFXFE JO
UIF SFBSWJFX BOE PVUTJEF NJSSPST
background
. 0O B TOPXDPWFSFE PS TMJQQFSZ SPBE
UIFSF NBZ CF B EJGGFSFODF CFUXFFO UIF
QSFEJDUJWF DPVSTF MJOF BOE UIF BDUVBM
DPVSTF MJOF
. 5IF EJTQMBZFE MJOFT PO UIF SFBSWJFX XJMM
BQQFBS TMJHIUMZ PGG UP UIF SJHIU CFDBVTF
UIF SFBSWJFX DBNFSB JT OPU JOTUBMMFE JO
UIF SFBS DFOUFS PG UIF WFIJDMF
4""
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XJEUI BOE EJTUBODFT UP PCKFDUT XJUI SFGFS
FODF UP UIF WFIJDMF CPEZ MJOF
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BSF
EJTQMBZFE PO UIF NPOJUPS
%JTUBODF HVJEF MJOFT
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. 3FE MJOF
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BQQSPY  GU  N
. :FMMPX MJOF
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BQQSPY GU  N
. (SFFO MJOF
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BQQSPY GU  N
. (SFFO MJOF
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BQQSPY  GU  N
7FIJDMF XJEUI HVJEF MJOFT
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VQ
1SFEJDUJWF DPVSTF MJOFT
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*OEJDBUF UIF QSFEJDUJWF DPVSTF XIFO PQFS
BUJOH UIF WFIJDMF 5IF QSFEJDUJWF DPVSTF
MJOFT XJMM CF EJTQMBZFE PO UIF NPOJUPS XIFO
UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM JT UVSOFE 5IF QSFEJDUJWF
DPVSTF MJOFT XJMM NPWF EFQFOEJOH PO IPX
NVDI UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM JT UVSOFE BOE XJMM
OPU CF EJTQMBZFE XIJMF UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM
JT JO UIF TUSBJHIU BIFBE QPTJUJPO
5IF GSPOU WJFX XJMM OPU CF EJTQMBZFE XIFO
UIF WFIJDMF TQFFE JT BCPWF .1) 
LNI
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
/05&
8IFO UIF NPOJUPS EJTQMBZT UIF GSPOU WJFX
BOE UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM UVSOT BCPVU 
EFHSFFT PS MFTT GSPN UIF OFVUSBM QPTJUJPO
CPUI UIF SJHIU BOE MFGU QSFEJDUJWF DPVSTF
MJOFT
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BSF EJTQMBZFE 8IFO UIF TUFFSJOH
XIFFM UVSOT BCPVU  EFHSFFT PS NPSF B
MJOF JT EJTQMBZFE POMZ PO UIF PQQPTJUF TJEF
PG UIF UVSO
#JSETFZF WJFX
8"3/*/(
. 0CKFDUT JO UIF CJSETFZF WJFX XJMM
BQQFBS GVSUIFS UIBO UIF BDUVBM EJTUBODF
CFDBVTF UIF CJSETFZF WJFX JT B QTFVEP
WJFX UIBU JT QSPDFTTFE CZ DPNCJOJOH UIF
WJFXT GSPN UIF DBNFSBT PO UIF PVUTJEF
NJSSPST UIF GSPOU BOE UIF SFBS PG UIF
WFIJDMF
. 5BMM PCKFDUT TVDI BT B DVSC PS WFIJDMF
NBZ CF NJTBMJHOFE PS OPU EJTQMBZFE BU
UIF TFBN PG UIF WJFXT
. 0CKFDUT UIBU BSF BCPWF UIF DBNFSB
DBOOPU CF EJTQMBZFE
. 5IF WJFX GPS UIF CJSETFZF WJFX NBZ CF
NJTBMJHOFE XIFO UIF DBNFSB QPTJUJPO
BMUFST
. " MJOF PO UIF HSPVOE NBZ CF NJTBMJHOFE
BOE JT OPU TFFO BT CFJOH TUSBJHIU BU UIF
TFBN PG UIF WJFXT 5IF NJTBMJHONFOU XJMM
JODSFBTF BT UIF MJOF QSPDFFET BXBZ GSPN
UIF WFIJDMF
. 5JSF BOHMF EJTQMBZ EPFT OPU JOEJDBUF UIF
BDUVBM UJSF BOHMF
+7)9
5IF CJSETFZF WJFX TIPXT UIF PWFSIFBE
WJFX PG UIF WFIJDMF XIJDI IFMQT DPOGJSN
UIF WFIJDMF QPTJUJPO BOE UIF QSFEJDUFE
DPVSTF UP B QBSLJOH TQBDF
5IF WFIJDMF JDPO
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TIPXT UIF QPTJUJPO PG
UIF WFIJDMF /PUF UIBU UIF TJ[F PG UIF
WFIJDMF JDPO PO UIF CJSETFZF WJFX NBZ
EJGGFS TPNFXIBU GSPN UIF BDUVBM WFIJDMF
5IF BSFBT UIBU UIF DBNFSBT DBOOPU DPWFS
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BSF JOEJDBUFE JO CMBDL 5IF OPOWJFXBCMF
BSFB
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JT IJHIMJHIUFE JO ZFMMPX GPS TFWFSBM
TFDPOET BGUFS UIF CJSETFZF WJFX JT EJT
QMBZFE *U XJMM CF TIPXO POMZ UIF GJSTU UJNF
BGUFS UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT QMBDFE JO UIF
g0/u QPTJUJPO
background
8IFO UIF DPSOFS PG UIF WFIJDMF NPWFT
DMPTFS UP BO PCKFDU UIF DPSOFS TPOBS
JOEJDBUPST
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BQQFBST
5IF ESJWFS DBO DIFDL UIF EJSFDUJPO BOE
BOHMF PG UIF UJSF PO UIF EJTQMBZ CZ UJSF JDPO
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XIFO ESJWJOH UIF WFIJDMF GPSXBSE PS
CBDLXBSE
1SFEJDUJWF DPVSTF MJOFT
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BOE
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JOEJDBUF UIF QSFEJDUJWF DPVSTF XIFO PQFS
BUJOH UIF WFIJDMF 5IF QSFEJDUJWF DPVSTF
MJOFT XJMM CF EJTQMBZFE PO UIF NPOJUPS XIFO
UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM JT UVSOFE 5IF QSFEJDUJWF
DPVSTF MJOFT XJMM NPWF EFQFOEJOH PO IPX
NVDI UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM JT UVSOFE BOE XJMM
OPU CF EJTQMBZFE XIJMF UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM
JT JO UIF OFVUSBM QPTJUJPO
8IFO UIF NPOJUPS EJTQMBZT UIF GSPOU WJFX
BOE UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM UVSOT BCPVU 
EFHSFFT PS MFTT GSPN UIF OFVUSBM QPTJUJPO
UIF UXP HSFFO QSFEJDUJWF DPVSTF MJOFT
*
BSF TIPXO JO GSPOU PG UIF WFIJDMF
8IFO UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM UVSOT BCPVU 
EFHSFFT PS NPSF POF HSFFO QSFEJDUJWF
DPVSTF MJOF
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JT TIPXO JO GSPOU PG UIF
WFIJDMF BOE UIF PUIFS HSFFO QSFEJDUJWF
DPVSTF MJOF
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JT TIPXO BU TJEF PG UIF
WFIJDMF
8IFO UIF NPOJUPS EJTQMBZT UIF SFBS WJFX
UIF QSFEJDUJWF DPVSTF MJOFT BSF TIPXO BU
CBDL PG UIF WFIJDMF
4""
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(VJEJOH MJOFT
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UIF GSPOU FOE PG UIF WFIJDMF BSF EJTQMBZFE
PO UIF NPOJUPS
5IF GSPOUPGWFIJDMF MJOF
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TIPXT UIF GSPOU
QBSU PG UIF WFIJDMF
5IF TJEFPGWFIJDMF MJOF
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TIPXT UIF
WFIJDMF XJEUI JODMVEJOH UIF PVUTJEF NJS
SPST
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PG CPUI UIF GSPOU
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TJEF
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.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
5IF DPSOFS TPOBS JOEJDBUPS
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XJMM BQQFBS
XIFO B DPSOFS PG UIF WFIJDMF NPWFT DMPTFS
UP BO PCKFDU
5IF DPSOFS TPOBS JOEJDBUPS
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UVSOFE PGG 4FF g"SPVOE 7JFX .POJUPS
TFUUJOHTu 1
$"65*0/
5IF UVSO TJHOBM MJHIU NBZ MPPL MJLF XJUI UIF
TJEFPGWFIJDMF MJOF 5IJT JT OPU B NBMGVOD
UJPO
+7)9
'SPOUXJEF WJFX
+7)9
3FBSXJEF WJFX
'SPOUXJEFSFBSXJEF WJFX
5IF GSPOUXJEFSFBSXJEF WJFX TIPXT B
XJEFS BSFB PO UIF FOUJSF TDSFFO BOE BMMPXT
UIF DIFDLJOH PG UIF CMJOE DPSOFST PO UIF
SJHIU BOE MFGU TJEFT 5IF GSPOUXJEFSFBS
XJEF WJFX EJTQMBZT BO BQQSPYJNBUFMZ 
EFHSFF BSFB XIJMF UIF GSPOU WJFX BOE UIF
SFBS WJFX EJTQMBZ BO BQQSPYJNBUFMZ 
EFHSFF BSFB 5IF QSFEJDUJWF DPVSTF MJOFT BSF
OPU EJTQMBZFE XIFO VTJOH UIF GSPOUXJEF
SFBSXJEF WJFX
%JTUBODF HVJEF MJOFT
*OEJDBUFT EJTUBODFT GSPN UIF WFIJDMF CPEZ
. 3FE MJOF
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BQQSPY  GU  N
. :FMMPX MJOF
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BQQSPY GU  N
. (SFFO MJOF
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BQQSPY GU  N
. (SFFO MJOF
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BQQSPY  GU  N
7FIJDMF XJEUI HVJEF MJOFT
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VQ
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5IF DPSOFS TPOBS JOEJDBUPS
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XIFO B DPSOFS PG UIF WFIJDMF NPWFT DMPTFS
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4""
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8IFO CBDLJOH VQ UIF WFIJDMF VQ B IJMM UIF
EJTUBODF HVJEF MJOFT BOE UIF WFIJDMF XJEUI
HVJEF MJOFT BSF TIPXO DMPTFS UIBO UIF
BDUVBM EJTUBODF 'PS FYBNQMF UIF EJTQMBZ
TIPXT GU  N UP UIF QMBDF
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CVU UIF
BDUVBM GU  N EJTUBODF PO UIF IJMM JT UIF
QMBDF
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WJFXFE JO UIF NPOJUPS GVSUIFS UIBO JU
BQQFBST
4""
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8IFO CBDLJOH VQ UIF WFIJDMF EPXO B IJMM
UIF EJTUBODF HVJEF MJOFT BOE UIF WFIJDMF
XJEUI HVJEF MJOFT BSF TIPXO GVSUIFS UIBO
UIF BDUVBM EJTUBODF 'PS FYBNQMF UIF
EJTQMBZ TIPXT GU  N UP UIF QMBDF
*
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CVU UIF BDUVBM GU  N EJTUBODF PO UIF IJMM
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
JT UIF QMBDF
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/PUF UIBU BOZ PCKFDU PO UIF
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UIF PCKFDU JO UIF EJTQMBZ )PXFWFS UIF
WFIJDMF NBZ IJU UIF PCKFDU JG JU QSPKFDUT PWFS
UIF BDUVBM NPWJOH DPVSTF
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background
QPTJUJPO
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BDUVBM NPWJOH DPVSTF
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8JUI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JO UIF g0/u
QPTJUJPO QVTI UIF $".&3" CVUUPO PS NPWF
UIF TIJGU MFWFS UP UIF g3u 3FWFSTF QPTJUJPO
UP PQFSBUF UIF "SPVOE 7JFX .POJUPS
5IF "SPVOE 7JFX .POJUPS DBO EJTQMBZ UXP
TQMJU WJFXT BT XFMM BT B TJOHMF WJFX PG UIF
GSPOUXJEF WJFX PS SFBSXJEF WJFX 4FMFDU
UIF g$IBOHF 7JFXu LFZ UP TXJUDI CFUXFFO
UIF BWBJMBCMF WJFXT
*G UIF TIJGU MFWFS JT OPU JO UIF g3u 3FWFSTF
QPTJUJPO UIF BWBJMBCMF WJFXT BSF
. 'SPOUWJFXCJSETFZF WJFX TQMJU TDSFFO
. 'SPOUWJFXGSPOUTJEF WJFX TQMJU TDSFFO
. 'SPOUXJEF WJFX
*G UIF TIJGU MFWFS JT JO UIF g3u 3FWFSTF
QPTJUJPO UIF BWBJMBCMF WJFXT BSF
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. 3FBSWJFXGSPOUTJEF WJFX TQMJU TDSFFO
. 3FBSXJEF WJFX
5IF EJTQMBZ BVUPNBUJDBMMZ DIBOHFT UP UIF
"SPVOE 7JFX .POJUPS EJTQMBZJOH GSPOU
WJFXCJSETFZF WJFX XIFO
. 5IF TIJGU MFWFS JT JO UIF g%u %SJWF
QPTJUJPO BOE UIF TPOBS EFUFDUT UIF
WFIJDMF JT BQQSPBDIJOH BO PCKFDU
5IF EJTQMBZ XJMM TXJUDI GSPN UIF "SPVOE
7JFX .POJUPS TDSFFO XIFO
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QPTJUJPO BOE UIF WFIJDMF TQFFE JO
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PCKFDU UIF TDSFFO XJMM BVUPNBUJDBMMZ
TXJUDI CBDL UIF QSFWJPVTMZ EJTQMBZFE
TDSFFO
. 8IFO B EJGGFSFOU TDSFFO JT TFMFDUFE
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
$".&3" "*%*/( $03/&3 40/"3
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DMPTFS UP UIF PCKFDU XIJMF UIF "SPVOE 7JFX
.POJUPS JT EJTQMBZFE BO JOEJDBUPS JT EJT
QMBZFE BOE B UPOF JT TPVOEFE CZ UIF DPSOFS
TPOBS GVODUJPO UP XBSO UIF ESJWFS
8"3/*/(
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BCPWF .1)  LNI *U JT SFBDUJWBUFE
BU MPXFS TQFFET
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TBGFUZ EVSJOH QBSLJOH BOE PUIFS NBOFV
WFST
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TBGF UP NPWF CFGPSF QBSLJOH
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UIF TPOBS BT DPOUBJOFE JO UIJT TFDUJPO
. 5IF DPMPST PG UIF TPOBS JOEJDBUPST BOE
UIF EJTUBODF HVJEF MJOFT JO UIF GSPOU
GSPOUXJEF SFBS BOE SFBSXJEF WJFXT
JOEJDBUF EJGGFSFOU EJTUBODFT UP UIF PC
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TVDI BT BO BVUPNBUJD DBS XBTI B USVDLT
DPNQSFTTFEBJS CSBLFT PS B QOFVNBUJD
ESJMM NBZ BGGFDU UIF GVODUJPO PG UIF
TZTUFN UIJT NBZ JODMVEF SFEVDFE QFS
GPSNBODF PS B GBMTF BDUJWBUJPO
. 5IJT GVODUJPO JT EFTJHOFE BT BO BJE UP UIF
ESJWFS JO EFUFDUJOH MBSHF TUBUJPOBSZ
PCKFDUT UP IFMQ BWPJE EBNBHJOH UIF
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DPOUBDU XJUI TNBMM PS NPWJOH PCKFDUT
. 5IF TZTUFN XJMM OPU EFUFDU TNBMM PCKFDUT
CFMPX UIF CVNQFS BOE NBZ OPU EFUFDU
PCKFDUT DMPTF UP UIF CVNQFS PS PO UIF
HSPVOE
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PCKFDUT
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DPUUPO HMBTT PS XPPM
5IJO PCKFDUT TVDI BT SPQF XJSF PS
DIBJO
8FEHFTIBQFE PCKFDUT
. *G ZPVS WFIJDMF TVTUBJOT EBNBHF UP UIF
CVNQFS GBTDJB MFBWJOH JU NJTBMJHOFE PS
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g$BMMu gOVNCFSu %JBMT UIF TQFDJGJFE OVNCFS
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g1IPOFCPPLu g-JTU /BNFTu %JTQMBZT BMM UIF OBNFT JO UIF QIPOFCPPL
g1IPOFCPPLu g5SBOTGFS &OUSZu 5SBOTGFST UIF QIPOFCPPL EBUB UP UIF TZTUFN
g1IPOFCPPLu g%FMFUF &OUSZu %FMFUFT UIF QIPOFCPPL SFHJTUFSFE JO UIF TZTUFN
g$POOFDU 1IPOFu g"EE 1IPOFu $POOFDUT B DFMMVMBS QIPOF UP UIF TZTUFN
g$POOFDU 1IPOFu g4FMFDU 1IPOFu 4FMFDUT B SFHJTUFSFE DFMMVMBS QIPOF
g$POOFDU 1IPOFu g%FMFUF 1IPOFu %FMFUFT B SFHJTUFSFE DFMMVMBS QIPOF
g$POOFDU 1IPOFu g#MVFUPPUI 0GGu 5VSOT UIF #MVFUPPUI DPOOFDUJPO PGG
g$POOFDU 1IPOFu g3FQMBDF 1IPOFu $IBOHFT UIF SFHJTUFSFE PSEFS PG UIF DFMMVMBS QIPOFT
g$POOFDU 1IPOFu g%FMFUF 1IPOFu g"MM 1IPOFTu %FMFUFT BMM SFHJTUFSFE DFMMVMBS QIPOFT
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 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
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UIF TZTUFN BDLOPXMFEHFT UIF BMQIBCFU
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NBOE BOE BTLT UIF VTFS UP JOJUJBUF B
USBOTGFS GSPN UIF QIPOF IBOETFU 5IF
OFX DPOUBDU QIPOF OVNCFS XJMM CF
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NBUJPO 5IF TZTUFN SFQFBUT UIF OVNCFS
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MPDBUJPO GPS UIF TBNF OBNF *G UIF VTFS
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EFMFUF B TQFDJGJD OVNCFS PS BMM OVN
CFST 0ODF UIF VTFS DIPPTFT UP EFMFUF B
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5IF DPEF JT BMXBZT gu SFHBSEMFTT
PG UIF OVNCFS PG QIPOFT DPOOFDUFE 6Q
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FYJTUJOH QIPOF *G UIF VTFS USJFT UP
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DPOOFDUFE UP UIF WFIJDMF TZTUFN UIF
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QIPOF JT BMSFBEZ VTJOH 5IF DPOOFDUJOH
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5IF "EE 1IPOF DPNNBOE JT OPU BWBJM
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0ODF UIF TFMFDUJPO JT DPOGJSNFE UIF
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5IF TZTUFN UIFO HJWFT UIF PQUJPO UP
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QIPOF BOE UIFO QSPNQU ZPV GPS UIF
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SVOOJOH UIF QBSLJOH CSBLF PO BOE UIF
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 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
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OBNF 'PMMPX UIF JOTUSVDUJPOT UP SFHJT
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BEBQUBUJPO IBT CFFO DPNQMFUFE BOE UIF
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. *ODPNJOH
. 5SBOTGFS FOUSZ
. QBVTF QBVTF
. EFMFUF BMM FOUSJFT
. DBMM
. QIPOFCPPL EFMFUF FOUSZ
. OFYU FOUSZ
. EJBM TUBS
. ZFT
. OP
. TFMFDU
. .JTTFE
. EJBM
. #MVFUPPUI PO
. 0VUHPJOH
. DBMM
. QBVTF QBVTF
. DBODFM
. DBMM CBDL OVNCFS
. DBMM TUBS
. EFMFUF QIPOF
. EJBM
. 3FDPSE /BNF
. QBVTF QBVTF
. EFMFUF SFEJBM OVNCFS
. QIPOFCPPL MJTU OBNFT
. DBMM
. DPSSFDUJPO
. DPOOFDU QIPOF
. EJBM
. QSFWJPVT FOUSZ
. EFMFUF
. EJBM
. DBMM
. HP CBDL
. DBMM
. EJBM
background
*/'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO BMMPXT IBOET
GSFF PQFSBUJPO PG UIF 1IPOF /BWJHBUJPO
*OGPSNBUJPO BOE "VEJP TZTUFNT JO POF PG
UXP NPEFT 4UBOEBSE .PEF PS "MUFSOBUF
$PNNBOE .PEF
*O 4UBOEBSE .PEF DPNNBOET UIBU BSF
BWBJMBCMF BSF BMXBZT TIPXO PO UIF EJTQMBZ
BOE BOOPVODFE CZ UIF TZTUFN :PV DBO
DPNQMFUF ZPVS EFTJSFE PQFSBUJPO CZ TJNQMZ
GPMMPXJOH UIF QSPNQUT HJWFO CZ UIF TZTUFN
4FF g*/'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO 4UBOEBSE
.PEFu 1 GPS EFUBJMT
'PS BEWBODFE PQFSBUJPO ZPV DBO VTF UIF
"MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE .PEF 4FF g*/'*/*5*
7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO "MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE
.PEFu 1 GPS EFUBJMT 8IFO UIJT
NPEF JT BDUJWF BO FYQBOEFE MJTU PG
DPNNBOET DBO CF TQPLFO BGUFS QVTIJOH
UIF 5"-,
TXJUDI BOE UIF WPJDF
DPNNBOE NFOV QSPNQUT BSF UVSOFE PGG
3FWJFX UIF FYQBOEFE DPNNBOE MJTU XIJDI
JT BWBJMBCMF XIFO UIJT NPEF JT BDUJWF /PUF
UIBU JO UIJT NPEF UIF SFDPHOJUJPO TVDDFTT
SBUF NBZ CF BGGFDUFE BT UIF OVNCFS PG
BWBJMBCMF DPNNBOET BOE UIF XBZT PG
TQFBLJOH FBDI DPNNBOE BSF JODSFBTFE
5P TXJUDI POF NPEF UP BOPUIFS TFF FBDI
NPEF EFTDSJQUJPO MBUFS JO UIJT TFDUJPO
5P JNQSPWF UIF SFDPHOJUJPO TVDDFTT SBUF
XIFO "MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE .PEF JT BDUJWF
USZ VTJOH UIF 4QFBLFS "EBQUBUJPO 'VODUJPO
BWBJMBCMF JO UIBU NPEF 0UIFSXJTF JU JT
SFDPNNFOEFE UIBU "MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE
.PEF CF UVSOFE PGG BOE 4UBOEBSE .PEF
CF VTFE GPS UIF CFTU SFDPHOJUJPO QFSGPS
NBODF
'PS UIF WPJDF DPNNBOET GPS UIF OBWJHBUJPO
TZTUFN SFGFS UP UIF /BWJHBUJPO 4ZTUFN
0XOFST .BOVBM PG ZPVS WFIJDMF
*/'*/*5* 70*$& 3&$0(/*5*0/ 45"/
%"3% .0%&
5IF GPMMPXJOH TFDUJPO JT BQQMJDBCMF XIFO
UIF 4UBOEBSE .PEF JT BDUJWBUFE
5IF 4UBOEBSE .PEF FOBCMFT ZPV UP DPN
QMFUF UIF EFTJSFE PQFSBUJPO CZ TJNQMZ
GPMMPXJOH UIF QSPNQUT UIBU BQQFBS PO UIF
EJTQMBZ BOE BMTP BSF BOOPVODFE CZ UIF
TZTUFN
+7).
"DUJWBUJOH 4UBOEBSE .PEF
8IFO UIF "MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE .PEF JT
BDUJWF QFSGPSN UIF GPMMPXJOH TUFQT UP
TXJUDI UP UIF 4UBOEBSE .PEF
 1VTI UIF 4&55*/( CVUUPO PO UIF JOTUSV
NFOU QBOFM
 4FMFDU UIF g0UIFSTu LFZ
 4FMFDU UIF g7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPOu LFZ
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
*/'*/*5* 70*$& 3&$0(/*5*0/ 4:45&.
NPEFMT XJUI OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
4""
 4FMFDU UIF g"MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE .PEFu
LFZ
 5IF JOEJDBUPS UVSOT PGG BOE UIF 4UBO
EBSE .PEF BDUJWBUFT
%JTQMBZJOH VTFS HVJEF
*G ZPV VTF UIF */'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO
TZTUFN GPS UIF GJSTU UJNF PS ZPV EP OPU LOPX
IPX UP PQFSBUF JU ZPV DBO EJTQMBZ UIF 6TFS
(VJEF GPS DPOGJSNBUJPO
:PV DBO DPOGJSN IPX UP VTF WPJDF DPN
NBOET CZ BDDFTTJOH B TJNQMJGJFE 6TFS
(VJEF XIJDI DPOUBJOT CBTJD JOTUSVDUJPOT
BOE UVUPSJBMT GPS TFWFSBM WPJDF DPNNBOET
4""
 1VTI UIF */'0 CVUUPO PO UIF JOTUSVNFOU
QBOFM
 4FMFDU UIF g0UIFSTu LFZ
 4FMFDU UIF g7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPOu LFZ
 4FMFDU UIF g6TFS (VJEFu LFZ
 4FMFDU B QSFGFSSFE JUFN
:PV DBO TLJQ TUFQT BOE BCPWF JG ZPV TBZ
g)FMQu
"WBJMBCMF JUFNT
. (FUUJOH 4UBSUFE
%FTDSJCFT UIF CBTJDT PG IPX UP PQFSBUF
UIF */'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO TZTUFN
. -FUT 1SBDUJDF
.PEF UIBU BMMPXT QSBDUJDJOH CZ GPMMPX
JOH UIF JOTUSVDUJPOT PG UIF TZTUFN WPJDF
. 6TJOH UIF "EESFTT #PPL
5VUPSJBM GPS FOUFSJOH B EFTUJOBUJPO CZ
VTJOH UIF "EESFTT #PPL
. 'JOEJOH B 4USFFU "EESFTT JG TP
FRVJQQFE
5VUPSJBM GPS FOUFSJOH B EFTUJOBUJPO CZ
TUSFFU BEESFTT
. 1MBDJOH $BMMT
5VUPSJBM GPS NBLJOH B QIPOF DBMM CZ
WPJDF DPNNBOE PQFSBUJPO
. )FMQ PO 4QFBLJOH
%JTQMBZT VTFGVM UJQT PG TQFBLJOH GPS
DPSSFDU DPNNBOE SFDPHOJUJPO CZ UIF
TZTUFN
/PUF UIBU UIF $PNNBOE -JTU GFBUVSF JT POMZ
BWBJMBCMF XIFO "MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE .PEF
JT BDUJWF
background
4""
(FUUJOH 4UBSUFE
#FGPSF VTJOH UIF */'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO
TZTUFN GPS UIF GJSTU UJNF ZPV DBO DPOGJSN
IPX UP VTF DPNNBOET CZ WJFXJOH UIF
(FUUJOH 4UBSUFE TFDUJPO PG UIF 6TFS (VJEF
 4FMFDU UIF g(FUUJOH 4UBSUFEu LFZ
 :PV DBO DPOGJSN UIF QBHF CZ TDSPMMJOH
UIF TDSFFO VTJOH UIF */'*/*5* DPOUSPMMFS
5VUPSJBMT PO UIF PQFSBUJPO PG UIF */'*/*5*
7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO TZTUFN
*G ZPV DIPPTF g6TJOH UIF "EESFTT #PPLu
g'JOEJOH B 4USFFU "EESFTTu PS g1MBDJOH
$BMMTu ZPV DBO WJFX UVUPSJBMT PO IPX UP
QFSGPSN UIFTF PQFSBUJPOT VTJOH */'*/*5*
7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO
4""
-FUT 1SBDUJDF
5IJT NPEF IFMQT MFBSO IPX UP VTF UIF
*/'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO TZTUFN
 4FMFDU UIF g-FUT 1SBDUJDFu LFZ
 "GUFS UIF NFTTBHF TDSFFO BQQFBST
QVTI UIF 5"-,
TXJUDI PO UIF
TUFFSJOH XIFFM
 4QFBL UIF EJTQMBZFE OVNCFS BGUFS UIF
UPOF 5IF FWBMVBUJPO TDSFFO XJMM CF
EJTQMBZFE BOE UIF SFTVMU DBO CF DPO
GJSNFE
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
4""
6TFGVM UJQT GPS DPSSFDU PQFSBUJPO
:PV DBO EJTQMBZ VTFGVM TQFBLJOH UJQT UP
IFMQ UIF TZTUFN SFDPHOJ[F ZPVS WPJDF
DPNNBOET DPSSFDUMZ
4FMFDU g)FMQ PO 4QFBLJOHu UP TUBSU EJTQMBZ
64*/( 5)& 4:45&.
*OJUJBMJ[BUJPO
8IFO UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT QVTIFE UP UIF
0/ QPTJUJPO */'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO JT
JOJUJBMJ[FE XIJDI NBZ UBLF VQ UP POF
NJOVUF 8IFO DPNQMFUFE UIF TZTUFN JT
SFBEZ UP BDDFQU WPJDF DPNNBOET *G UIF
5"-,
TXJUDI JT QVTIFE CFGPSF UIF
JOJUJBMJ[BUJPO DPNQMFUFT UIF EJTQMBZ XJMM
TIPX UIF NFTTBHF g4ZTUFN OPU SFBEZu PS
B CFFQ TPVOET
#FGPSF TUBSUJOH
5P HFU UIF CFTU SFDPHOJUJPO QFSGPSNBODF
GSPN */'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO PCTFSWF
UIF GPMMPXJOH
. 5IF JOUFSJPS PG UIF WFIJDMF TIPVME CF BT
RVJFU BT QPTTJCMF $MPTF UIF XJOEPXT UP
FMJNJOBUF UIF TVSSPVOEJOH OPJTFT USBG
GJD OPJTF BOE WJCSBUJPO TPVOET FUD
XIJDI NBZ QSFWFOU UIF TZTUFN GSPN
DPSSFDUMZ SFDPHOJ[JOH UIF WPJDF DPN
NBOET
. 8BJU VOUJM UIF UPOF TPVOET CFGPSF
TQFBLJOH B DPNNBOE
. 4QFBL JO B OBUVSBM DPOWFSTBUJPOBM WPJDF
XJUIPVU QBVTJOH CFUXFFO XPSET
. *G UIF BJS DPOEJUJPOFS JT TFU UP g"VUPu
UIF GBO TQFFE JT BVUPNBUJDBMMZ MPXFSFE
TP UIBU ZPVS DPNNBOET DBO CF SFDPH
OJ[FE NPSF FBTJMZ
background
4""
(JWJOH WPJDF DPNNBOET
 1VTI UIF 5"-, TXJUDI MPDBUFE PO
UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM
 " MJTU PG DPNNBOET BQQFBST PO UIF
TDSFFO BOE ZPV XJMM IFBS B QSPNQU
 "GUFS UIF UPOF TPVOET BOE UIF JDPO PO
UIF TDSFFO DIBOHFT GSPN
UP
TQFBL B DPNNBOE
4FMFDUJOH UIF g1SBDUJDFu LFZ XJMM TUBSU
UIF QSBDUJDF NPEF 4FF g-FUT 1SBDUJDFu
1
 $POUJOVF UP GPMMPX UIF WPJDF NFOV
QSPNQUT BOE TQFBL BGUFS UIF UPOF
TPVOET VOUJM ZPVS EFTJSFE PQFSBUJPO JT
DPNQMFUFE
4FMFDUJOH UIF g)FMQu LFZ DBO EJTQMBZ
UIF EFUBJMFE JOGPSNBUJPO PG UIF FBDI
DPNNBOE
0QFSBUJOH UJQT
. 4BZ B DPNNBOE BGUFS UIF UPOF
. $PNNBOET UIBU BSF BWBJMBCMF BSF BM
XBZT TIPXO PO UIF EJTQMBZ BOE TQPLFO
UISPVHI WPJDF NFOV QSPNQUT $PN
NBOET PUIFS UIBO UIPTF UIBU BSF
EJTQMBZFE BSF OPU BDDFQUFE 1MFBTF
GPMMPX UIF QSPNQUT HJWFO CZ UIF TZT
UFN
. *G UIF DPNNBOE JT OPU SFDPHOJ[FE UIF
TZTUFN BOOPVODFT g1MFBTF TBZ BHBJOu
3FQFBU UIF DPNNBOE JO B DMFBS WPJDF
. 1VTI UIF #"$, CVUUPO PODF UP SFUVSO UP
UIF QSFWJPVT TDSFFO
. 5P FYJU UIF WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFN
QVTI BOE IPME UIF 5"-,
TXJUDI 5IF
NFTTBHF g7PJDF DBODFMFEu XJMM CF
BOOPVODFE
7PJDF 1SPNQU *OUFSSVQU
5P TLJQ UIF WPJDF HVJEBODF GVODUJPO BOE
HJWF UIF DPNNBOE JNNFEJBUFMZ QSFTT UIF
5"-,
TXJUDI UP JOUFSSVQU UIF TZTUFN
3FNFNCFS UP TQFBL BGUFS UIF UPOF
)PX UP TQFBL OVNCFST
*/'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO SFRVJSFT B DFS
UBJO XBZ UP TQFBL OVNCFST XIFO HJWJOH
WPJDF DPNNBOET 3FGFS UP UIF GPMMPXJOH
FYBNQMFT
(FOFSBM SVMF
0OMZ TJOHMF EJHJUT [FSP UP DBO CF VTFE
'PS FYBNQMF JG ZPV XPVME MJLF UP TBZ 
gGJWF [FSP [FSPu DBO CF VTFE CVU gGJWF
IVOESFEu DBOOPU
&YBNQMFT
. 
g0OF FJHIU [FSP [FSP TJY TJY UXP TJY
UXP [FSP [FSPu
*NQSPWJOH 3FDPHOJUJPO PG 1IPOF OVNCFST
:PV DBO JNQSPWF UIF SFDPHOJUJPO PG QIPOF
OVNCFST CZ TBZJOH UIF QIPOF OVNCFS JO
UISFF HSPVQT PG OVNCFST 'PS FYBNQMF
XIFO ZPV USZ UP DBMM  TBZ
gFJHIU [FSP [FSPu GJSTU BOE UIF TZTUFN XJMM
UIFO BTL ZPV GPS UIF OFYU UISFF EJHJUT 5IFO
TBZ gTJY TJY UXPu "GUFS SFDPHOJUJPO UIF
TZTUFN XJMM UIFO BTL GPS UIF MBTU GPVS EJHJUT
4BZ gTJY UXP [FSP [FSPu 6TJOH UIJT NFUIPE
PG QIPOF EJHJU FOUSZ DBO JNQSPWF SFDPHOJ
UJPO QFSGPSNBODF
8IFO TQFBLJOH B IPVTF OVNCFS TQFBL UIF
OVNCFS gu BT g[FSPu *G UIF MFUUFS gP PIu
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
JT JODMVEFE JO UIF IPVTF OVNCFS JU XJMM OPU
CF SFDPHOJ[FE BT UIF OVNCFS g [FSPu
FWFO JG ZPV TQFBL gPIu JOTUFBE PG g[FSPu
1MFBTF TQFBL g[FSPu GPS UIF OVNCFS g
[FSPu gPIu GPS UIF MFUUFS gP PIu
4FOE EJHJUT VTJOH EJBM UPOF
. 1SFTT UIF 5"-,
TXJUDI EVSJOH B
QIPOF DBMM
. 5IF NFOV XJMM CF MBVODIFE BOE ZPV XJMM
CF QSPWJEFE XJUI UIF GPMMPXJOH HVJ
EBODF g1MFBTF TBZ UIF EJHJUT UP EJBMu
. "GUFS HVJEBODF TBZ UIF EJHJUT PG UIF
OVNCFS ZPV XBOU UP TFOE "GUFS UIJT
UIF EJHJUT UIBU IBWF CFFO SFDPHOJ[FE
XJMM CF SFBE PVU
. *G ZPV QSFTT UIF &/5&3 CVUUPO PO UIF
TUFFSJOH XIFFM PS PO UIF */'*/*5* DPO
USPMMFS UIF TFMFDUFE EJHJUT XJMM CF TFOU
background
$PNNBOE -JTU
$BUFHPSZ $PNNBOE
$PNNBOE "DUJPO
$BMM0QUJPOBM .BLFT B DBMM UP B DPOUBDU UIBU JT TUPSFE JO FJUIFS QIPOFCPPL 1MFBTF TBZ Ï$BMMÏ GPMMPXFE CZ B TUPSFE OBNF
1IPOF 0QFSBUFT UIF 1IPOF GVODUJPO
/BWJHBUJPO 0QFSBUFT UIF /BWJHBUJPO GVODUJPO
*OGPSNBUJPO %JTQMBZT UIF WFIJDMF *OGPSNBUJPO GVODUJPO
"VEJP 0QFSBUFT UIF "VEJP GVODUJPO
)FMQ %JTQMBZT 6TFS (VJEF
. 1IPOF $PNNBOE
$PNNBOE "DUJPO
%JBM /VNCFS .BLFT B DBMM UP B TQPLFO QIPOF OVNCFS VQ UP  EJHJUT
2VJDL %JBM .BLFT B DBMM UP B DPOUBDU UIBU JT TUPSFE JO UIF 2VJDL %JBM
1IPOFCPPL .BLFT B DBMM UP B DPOUBDU UIBU JT TUPSFE JO UIF NPCJMF QIPOF
$BMM IJTUPSZ *ODPNJOH $BMMT .BLFT B DBMM UP UIF JODPNJOH DBMM OVNCFS
0VUHPJOH $BMMT .BLFT B DBMM UP UIF EJBMFE OVNCFS
.JTTFE $BMMT .BLFT B DBMM UP UIF .JTTFE DBMMT OVNCFS
*OUFSOBUJPOBM $BMM .BLFT BO JOUFSOBUJPOBM DBMM CZ BMMPXJOH NPSF UIBO  EJHJUT UP CF TQPLFO
$IBOHF /VNCFS $PSSFDUT UIF SFDPHOJ[FE QIPOF OVNCFS BWBJMBCMF EVSJOH QIPOF OVNCFS FOUSZ
. /BWJHBUJPO $PNNBOE
$PNNBOE "DUJPO
%FTUJOBUJPO )PNF 4FUT B SPVUF UP ZPVS IPNF UIBU JT TUPSFE JO UIF "EESFTT #PPL
"EESFTT 4FBSDIFT GPS B MPDBUJPO CZ UIF TUSFFU BEESFTT TQFDJGJFE BOE TFUT B SPVUF UP UIF MPDBUJPO
1MBDFT 4FUT B SPVUF UP B GBDJMJUZ OFBS UIF DVSSFOU WFIJDMF MPDBUJPO
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
$PNNBOE "DUJPO
"EESFTT #PPL 4FBSDIFT GPS TUPSFE JOGPSNBUJPO JO UIF "EESFTT #PPL
1SFWJPVT %FTUJOBUJPOT 4FUT B SPVUF UP B QSFWJPVT EFTUJOBUJPO
. *OGPSNBUJPO $PNNBOE
$PNNBOE "DUJPO
'VFM &DPOPNZ %JTQMBZT GVFM FDPOPNZ JOGPSNBUJPO
.BJOUFOBODF %JTQMBZT NBJOUFOBODF JOGPSNBUJPO
5SBGGJD *OGPSNBUJPO 5VSOT UIF USBGGJD JOGPSNBUJPO TZTUFN 0/ BOE 0''
5JSF 1SFTTVSF %JTQMBZT UJSF QSFTTVSF JOGPSNBUJPO
8IFSF BN * %JTQMBZT ZPVS DVSSFOU MPDBUJPO
. "VEJP $PNNBOE
$PNNBOE "DUJPO
". 5VSOT UP UIF ". CBOE TFMFDUJOH UIF TUBUJPO MBTU QMBZFE
'. 5VSOT UP UIF '. CBOE TFMFDUJOH UIF TUBUJPO MBTU QMBZFE
9. 5VSOT UP UIF 4JSJVT9. 4BUFMMJUF 3BEJP CBOE TFMFDUJOH UIF DIBOOFM MBTU QMBZFE
$% 4UBSUT UP QMBZ B $%
. (FOFSBM $PNNBOET
$PNNBOE "DUJPO
(P CBDL $PSSFDUT UIF MBTU SFDPHOJUJPO SFTVMU UP SFUVSO UP UIF QSFWJPVT TDSFFO
&YJU $BODFMT 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO
background
7PJDF DPNNBOE FYBNQMFT
5P VTF UIF */'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO
GVODUJPO TQFBLJOH POF DPNNBOE JT TPNF
UJNFT TVGGJDJFOU CVU BU PUIFS UJNFT JU JT
OFDFTTBSZ UP TQFBL UXP PS NPSF DPN
NBOET "T FYBNQMFT TPNF BEEJUJPOBM
CBTJD PQFSBUJPOT CZ WPJDF DPNNBOET BSF
EFTDSJCFE IFSF
'PS OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN DPNNBOET TFF UIF
TFQBSBUF /BWJHBUJPO 4ZTUFN 0XOFST .BO
VBM
4""
&YBNQMF 1MBDJOH B DBMM UP UIF QIPOF
OVNCFS 
 1VTI UIF 5"-,
TXJUDI MPDBUFE PO
UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM :PV XJMM IFBS B
QSPNQU
 4QFBL g1IPOFu
+7)9
 4QFBL g%JBM /VNCFSu
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
4""
 4QFBL g u
4FMFDUJOH UIF g.BOVBM $POUSPMTu LFZ
TXJUDIFT UIF TDSFFO UP UIF LFZQBE UP
JOQVU UIF QIPOF OVNCFS NBOVBMMZ
4""
 5IF TZTUFN BOOPVODFT g1MFBTF TBZ UIF
OFYU UISFF EJHJUT PS EJBM PS TBZ DIBOHF
OVNCFSu
 4QFBL g u
4""
 5IF TZTUFN BOOPVODFT g1MFBTF TBZ UIF
MBTU GPVS EJHJUTu PS TBZ DIBOHF OVNCFS
 4QFBL g u
background
4""
 5IF TZTUFN BOOPVODFT g%JBM PS $IBOHF
/VNCFS u
4QFBL g%JBMu
5IF TZTUFN NBLFT B DBMM UP 

/05&
. :PV DBO BMTP TQFBL gu
 DPOUJOVPVT EJHJUT PS gu
 DPOUJOVPVT EJHJUT JG UIF BSFB DPEF JT
OPU OFDFTTBSZ )PXFWFS UIF  EJHJU
HSPVQJOH JT SFDPNNFOEFE GPS JNQSPWFE
SFDPHOJUJPO 4FF g(JWJOH WPJDF DPN
NBOETu 1
. :PV DBO POMZ TBZ B QIPOF OVNCFS VTJOH
UIF  HSPVQJOH EJHJUT BOE 
EJHJUT VTJOH UIJT DPNNBOE 1MFBTF VTF
UIF g*OUFSOBUJPOBM $BMMu DPNNBOE GPS
BMM PUIFS GPSNBUT
. *G ZPV TBZ g$IBOHF /VNCFSu EVSJOH
QIPOF OVNCFS FOUSZ UIF TZTUFN XJMM
BVUPNBUJDBMMZ SFRVFTU UIBU ZPV SFQFBU
UIF OVNCFS VTJOH UIF  GPSNBU *O
UIJT DBTF QMFBTF TBZ UIF BSFB DPEF GJSTU
BOE UIFO GPMMPX UIF QSPNQUT
. %P OPU BEE B gu JO GSPOU PG UIF BSFB
DPEF XIFO TQFBLJOH QIPOF OVNCFST
. *G UIF TZTUFN EPFT OPU SFDPHOJ[F ZPVS
DPNNBOE QMFBTF USZ SFQFBUJOH UIF
DPNNBOE VTJOH B OBUVSBM WPJDF 4QFBL
JOH UPP TMPX PS UPP MPVEMZ NBZ GVSUIFS
EFDSFBTF SFDPHOJUJPO QFSGPSNBODF
4""
&YBNQMF 1MBDJOH BO JOUFSOBUJPOBM DBMM UP
UIF QIPOF OVNCFS 
 1VTI UIF 5"-,
TXJUDI MPDBUFE PO
UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM :PV XJMM IFBS B
QSPNQU
 4QFBL g1IPOFu
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
+7)9
 4QFBL g*OUFSOBUJPOBM $BMMu
4""
 4QFBL gu
4""
 4QFBL g%JBMu
 4ZTUFN NBLFT B DBMM UP 

/05&
"OZ EJHJU JOQVU GPSNBU JT BWBJMBCMF JO UIF
*OUFSOBUJPOBM /VNCFS JOQVU QSPDFTT
background
*/'*/*5* 70*$& 3&$0(/*5*0/ "-
5&3/"5& $0.."/% .0%&
5IF GPMMPXJOH TFDUJPO JT BQQMJDBCMF XIFO
"MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE .PEF JT BDUJWBUFE
8IFO "MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE .PEF JT BDUJ
WBUFE BO FYQBOEFE MJTU PG DPNNBOET DBO
CF VTFE BGUFS QSFTTJOH UIF 5"-,
TXJUDI
*O UIJT NPEF BWBJMBCMF DPNNBOET BSF OPU
GVMMZ TIPXO PO UIF EJTQMBZ PS QSPNQUFE
3FWJFX UIF FYQBOEFE DPNNBOE MJTU XIFO
UIJT NPEF JT BDUJWF 4FF FYBNQMFT PG
"MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE .PEF TDSFFOT
1MFBTF OPUF UIBU JO UIJT NPEF UIF SFDPHOJ
UJPO TVDDFTT SBUF NBZ CF BGGFDUFE BT UIF
OVNCFS PG BWBJMBCMF DPNNBOET BOE XBZT
PG TQFBLJOH FBDI DPNNBOE BSF JODSFBTFE
5P JNQSPWF UIF SFDPHOJUJPO TVDDFTT SBUF
USZ VTJOH UIF 4QFBLFS "EBQUBUJPO 'VODUJPO
BWBJMBCMF JO UIBU NPEF 4FF g4QFBLFS
BEBQUBUJPO GVODUJPO GPS "MUFSOBUF $PN
NBOE .PEFu 1 0UIFSXJTF JU JT
SFDPNNFOEFE UIBU "MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE
.PEF CF UVSOFE 0'' BOE 4UBOEBSE .PEF
CF VTFE GPS UIF CFTU SFDPHOJUJPO QFSGPS
NBODF
+7).
"DUJWBUJOH "MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE
.PEF
8IFO UIF 4UBOEBSE .PEF JT BDUJWF QFSGPSN
UIF GPMMPXJOH TUFQT UP TXJUDI UP UIF
"MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE .PEF
 1VTI UIF 4&55*/( CVUUPO PO UIF JOTUSV
NFOU QBOFM
 )JHIMJHIU UIF g0UIFSTu LFZ
 )JHIMJHIU UIF g7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPOu LFZ
4""
 )JHIMJHIU UIF g"MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE
.PEFu LFZ
 5IF DPOGJSNBUJPO NFTTBHF JT EJTQMBZFE
PO UIF TDSFFO 1VTI UIF g0,u LFZ UP
BDUJWBUF UIF "MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE .PEF
%JTQMBZJOH DPNNBOE MJTU
*G ZPV BSF DPOUSPMMJOH UIF TZTUFN CZ WPJDF
DPNNBOET GPS UIF GJSTU UJNF PS EP OPU LOPX
UIF BQQSPQSJBUF WPJDF DPNNBOE QFSGPSN
UIF GPMMPXJOH QSPDFEVSF GPS EJTQMBZJOH UIF
WPJDF DPNNBOE MJTU BWBJMBCMF POMZ JO
"MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE .PEF
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
4""
 1VTI UIF */'0 CVUUPO PO UIF JOTUSVNFOU
QBOFM
 4FMFDU UIF g0UIFSTu LFZ
 4FMFDU UIF g7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPOu LFZ
 4FMFDU UIF g$PNNBOE -JTUu LFZ
4""
 4FMFDU B DBUFHPSZ GSPN UIF MJTU
+7)9
 4FMFDU BO JUFN
 *G OFDFTTBSZ TDSPMM UIF TDSFFO VTJOH UIF
*/'*/*5* DPOUSPMMFS UP WJFX UIF FOUJSF
MJTU
 1SFTT UIF #"$, CVUUPO UP SFUVSO UP UIF
QSFWJPVT TDSFFO
background
$PNNBOE -JTU
1IPOF $PNNBOET
$PNNBOE "DUJPO
%JBM /VNCFS .BLFT B DBMM UP B TQPLFO QIPOF OVNCFS
2VJDL %JBM .BLFT B DBMM UP B DPOUBDU UIBU JT TUPSFE JO UIF 2VJDL %JBM
1IPOFCPPL .BLFT B DBMM UP B DPOUBDU UIBU JT TUPSFE JO UIF NPCJMF QIPOF
$BMM )JTUPSZ *ODPNJOH $BMMT .BLFT B DBMM UP UIF JODPNJOH DBMM OVNCFS
0VUHPJOH $BMMT .BLFT B DBMM UP UIF EJBMFE OVNCFS
.JTTFE $BMMT .BLFT B DBMM UP UIF .JTTFE DBMMT OVNCFS
*OUFSOBUJPOBM $BMM .BLFT BO JOUFSOBUJPOBM DBMM CZ BMMPXJOH NPSF UIBO  EJHJUT UP CF TQPLFO
$BMM OBNFE
.BLFT B DBMM UP UIF DPOUBDU UIBU JT TUPSFE JO FJUIFS UIF 2VJDL %JBM PS 1IPOFCPPL
1MFBTF TBZ g$BMMu GPMMPXFE CZ B TUPSFE OBNF
$IBOHF /VNCFS
$PSSFDUT UIF SFDPHOJ[FE QIPOF OVNCFS BWBJMBCMF EVSJOH QIPOF OVNCFS FOUSZ
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
/BWJHBUJPO $PNNBOET
$PNNBOE "DUJPO
%FTUJOBUJPO )PNF 4FUT B SPVUF UP ZPVS IPNF UIBU JT TUPSFE JO UIF "EESFTT #PPL
"EESFTT 4FBSDIFT GPS B MPDBUJPO CZ UIF TUSFFU BEESFTT TQFDJGJFE BOE TFUT B SPVUF UP UIF MPDBUJPO
1MBDFT 4FUT B SPVUF UP B GBDJMJUZ OFBS UIF DVSSFOU WFIJDMF MPDBUJPO
"EESFTT #PPL 4FBSDIFT GPS TUPSFE JOGPSNBUJPO JO UIF "EESFTT #PPL
1SFWJPVT %FTUJOBUJPOT 4FUT B SPVUF UP B QSFWJPVT EFTUJOBUJPO
1SFWJPVT 4UBSU 1PJOU 4FUT B SPVUF UP B QSFWJPVT TUBSUJOH QPJOU
%FMFUF %FTUJOBUJPO %FMFUFT B EFTUJOBUJPO
background
*OGPSNBUJPO $PNNBOET
$PNNBOE "DUJPO
'VFM &DPOPNZ %JTQMBZT GVFM FDPOPNZ JOGPSNBUJPO
.BJOUFOBODF %JTQMBZT NBJOUFOBODF JOGPSNBUJPO
8IFSF BN * %JTQMBZT ZPVS DVSSFOU MPDBUJPO
5SBGGJD *OGPSNBUJPO 5VSOT UIF USBGGJD JOGPSNBUJPO TZTUFN 0/ BOE 0''
5JSF 1SFTTVSF %JTQMBZT UJSF QSFTTVSF JOGPSNBUJPO
8FBUIFS *OGPSNBUJPO %JTQMBZT XFBUIFS JOGPSNBUJPO
8FBUIFS .BQ %JTQMBZT B XFBUIFS NBQ
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
"VEJP $PNNBOET
$PNNBOE "DUJPO
$% 4UBSUT UP QMBZ B $%
'. 5VSOT UP UIF '. CBOE TFMFDUJOH UIF TUBUJPO MBTU QMBZFE
". 5VSOT UP UIF ". CBOE TFMFDUJOH UIF TUBUJPO MBTU QMBZFE
9. 5VSOT UP UIF 4JSJVT9. 4BUFMMJUF 3BEJP CBOE TFMFDUJOH UIF DIBOOFM MBTU QMBZFE
64# 5VSOT PO UIF 64# NFNPSZ
#MVFUPPUI "VEJP 5VSOT PO UIF #MVFUPPUI
Ë
BVEJP QMBZFS
background
)FMQ $PNNBOET
$PNNBOE "DUJPO
$PNNBOE -JTU /BWJHBUJPO $PNNBOET %JTQMBZT UIF OBWJHBUJPO DPNNBOE MJTU
1IPOF $PNNBOET %JTQMBZT UIF QIPOF DPNNBOE MJTU
"VEJP $PNNBOET %JTQMBZT UIF BVEJP DPNNBOE MJTU
*OGPSNBUJPO $PNNBOET %JTQMBZT UIF JOGPSNBUJPO DPNNBOE MJTU
)FMQ $PNNBOET %JTQMBZT UIF IFMQ DPNNBOE MJTU
6TFS (VJEF %JTQMBZT UIF 6TFS (VJEF
4QFBLFS "EBQUBUJPO 5IF TZTUFN DBO NFNPSJ[F UIF WPJDFT PG VQ UP UISFF QFSTPOT
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
(FOFSBM $PNNBOET
$PNNBOE "DUJPO
(P CBDL $PSSFDUT UIF MBTU SFDPHOJUJPO SFTVMU UP SFUVSO UP UIF QSFWJPVT TDSFFO
&YJU $BODFMT 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO
background
4""
%JTQMBZJOH VTFS HVJEF
:PV DBO DPOGJSN IPX UP VTF WPJDF DPN
NBOET CZ BDDFTTJOH B TJNQMJGJFE 6TFS
(VJEF XIJDI DPOUBJOT CBTJD JOTUSVDUJPOT
BOE UVUPSJBMT GPS TFWFSBM WPJDF DPNNBOET
 1VTI UIF */'0 CVUUPO PO UIF JOTUSVNFOU
QBOFM
 4FMFDU UIF g0UIFSTu LFZ VTJOH UIF
*/'*/*5* DPOUSPMMFS BOE QVTI UIF &/5&3
CVUUPO
 )JHIMJHIU UIF g7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPOu LFZ
VTJOH UIF */'*/*5* DPOUSPMMFS BOE QVTI
UIF &/5&3 CVUUPO
 )JHIMJHIU UIF g6TFS (VJEFu LFZ VTJOH
UIF */'*/*5* DPOUSPMMFS BOE QVTI UIF
&/5&3 CVUUPO
 )JHIMJHIU BO JUFN VTJOH UIF */'*/*5*
DPOUSPMMFS BOE QVTI UIF &/5&3 CVUUPO
"WBJMBCMF JUFNT
. (FUUJOH 4UBSUFE
%FTDSJCF UIF CBTJDT PG IPX UP PQFSBUF
UIF */'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO TZTUFN
. -FUT 1SBDUJDF
.PEF UIBU BMMPXT QSBDUJDJOH CZ GPMMPX
JOH UIF JOTUSVDUJPOT PG UIF TZTUFN WPJDF
. 6TJOH UIF "EESFTT #PPL
3FGFS UP /BWJHBUJPO 4ZTUFN 0XOFST
.BOVBM
. 'JOEJOH B 4USFFU "EESFTT JG TP
FRVJQQFE
3FGFS UP /BWJHBUJPO 4ZTUFN 0XOFST
.BOVBM
. 1MBDJOH $BMMT
5VUPSJBM GPS NBLJOH B QIPOF DBMM CZ
WPJDF DPNNBOE PQFSBUJPO
. )FMQ PO 4QFBLJOH
%JTQMBZT VTFGVM UJQT GPS IPX UP DPSSFDUMZ
TQFBL DPNNBOET JO PSEFS GPS UIFN UP
CF QSPQFSMZ SFDPHOJ[FE CZ UIF TZTUFN
. 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO 4FUUJOHT
%FTDSJCFT UIF BWBJMBCMF WPJDF SFDPHOJ
UJPO TFUUJOHT
. "EBQUJOH UIF 4ZTUFN UP :PVS 7PJDF
5VUPSJBM BEBQUJOH UIF TZTUFN UP ZPVS
WPJDF
64*/( 5)& 4:45&.
*OJUJBMJ[BUJPO
8IFO UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT QVTIFE UP UIF
0/ QPTJUJPO */'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO JT
JOJUJBMJ[FE XIJDI NBZ UBLF VQ UP POF
NJOVUF 8IFO DPNQMFUFE UIF TZTUFN JT
SFBEZ UP BDDFQU WPJDF DPNNBOET *G UIF
5"-,
TXJUDI JT QVTIFE CFGPSF UIF
JOJUJBMJ[BUJPO DPNQMFUFT UIF EJTQMBZ XJMM
TIPX UIF NFTTBHF g4ZTUFN OPU SFBEZu
PS B CFFQ TPVOET
#FGPSF TUBSUJOH
5P HFU UIF CFTU QFSGPSNBODF GSPN */'*/*5*
7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO PCTFSWF UIF GPMMPXJOH
. ,FFQ UIF JOUFSJPS PG UIF WFIJDMF BT RVJFU
BT QPTTJCMF $MPTF UIF XJOEPXT UP
FMJNJOBUF UIF TVSSPVOEJOH OPJTFT USBG
GJD OPJTFT WJCSBUJPO TPVOET FUD
XIJDI NBZ QSFWFOU UIF TZTUFN GSPN
SFDPHOJ[JOH UIF WPJDF DPNNBOET DPS
SFDUMZ
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
. 8IFO UIF BJS DPOEJUJPOFS JT JO UIF "650
NPEF UIF GBO TQFFE EFDSFBTFT BVUP
NBUJDBMMZ GPS FBTZ SFDPHOJUJPO
. 8BJU VOUJM B UPOF TPVOET CFGPSF TQFBL
JOH B DPNNBOE
. 4QFBL JO B OBUVSBM WPJDF XJUIPVU QBVT
JOH CFUXFFO XPSET
4""
(JWJOH WPJDF DPNNBOE
 1VTI BOE SFMFBTF UIF 5"-, TXJUDI
MPDBUFE PO UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM
 " MJTU PG DPNNBOET BQQFBST PO UIF
TDSFFO BOE UIF TZTUFN BOOPVODFT
g1MFBTF TBZ B DPNNBOEu
 "GUFS UIF UPOF TPVOET BOE UIF JDPO PO
UIF TDSFFO DIBOHFT GSPN
UP
TQFBL B DPNNBOE
0QFSBUJOH UJQT
. 7PJDF DPNNBOET DBOOPU CF BDDFQUFE
XIFO UIF JDPO JT
. 5IF MJTU EJTQMBZFE DBO CF TDSPMMFE CZ
UJMUJOH UIF NFOV DPOUSPM TXJUDI PO UIF
TUFFSJOH XIFFM
. *G UIF DPNNBOE JT OPU SFDPHOJ[FE UIF
TZTUFN BOOPVODFT g1MFBTF TBZ BHBJOu
3FQFBU UIF DPNNBOE JO B DMFBS WPJDF
. 1VTI UIF #"$, CVUUPO PODF UP SFUVSO UP
UIF QSFWJPVT TDSFFO
. *G ZPV XBOU UP DBODFM UIF DPNNBOE
QVTI BOE IPME UIF 5"-,
TXJUDI GPS
TFDPOE 5IF NFTTBHF g7PJDF DBODFMFEu
XJMM CF BOOPVODFE
7PJDF 1SPNQU *OUFSSVQU
5P TLJQ UIF WPJDF HVJEBODF GVODUJPO BOE
HJWF UIF DPNNBOE JNNFEJBUFMZ QSFTT UIF
5"-,
TXJUDI UP JOUFSSVQU UIF TZTUFN
3FNFNCFS UP TQFBL BGUFS UIF UPOF
)PX UP TQFBL OVNCFST
*/'*/*5* 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO SFRVJSFT B DFS
UBJO XBZ UP TQFBL OVNCFST XIFO HJWJOH
WPJDF DPNNBOET 3FGFS UP UIF GPMMPXJOH
FYBNQMFT
(FOFSBM SVMF
0OMZ TJOHMF EJHJUT [FSP UP DBO CF VTFE
'PS FYBNQMF JG ZPV XPVME MJLF UP TBZ 
gGJWF [FSP [FSPu DBO CF VTFE CVU gGJWF
IVOESFEu DBOOPU
background
1IPOF OVNCFST
4QFBL QIPOF OVNCFST BDDPSEJOH UP UIF
GPMMPXJOH FYBNQMFT
. 
g%JBM POF FJHIU [FSP [FSP TJY TJY UXP
TJY UXP [FSP [FSPu
/PUF  'PS UIF CFTU WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO
QIPOF EJBMJOH SFTVMUT TBZ QIPOF OVNCFST
BT TJOHMF EJHJUT
/PUF  :PV DBOOPU TBZ  BT gGJWF
GJWF GJWF TJY UIPVTBOETu
/PUF  8IFO TQFBLJOH B IPVTF OVNCFS
TQFBL UIF OVNCFS gu BT g[FSPu *G UIF
MFUUFS gP PIu JT JODMVEFE JO UIF IPVTF
OVNCFS JU XJMM OPU CF SFDPHOJ[FE BT UIF
OVNCFS g [FSPu FWFO JG ZPV TQFBL gPIu
JOTUFBE PG g[FSPu 1MFBTF TQFBL g[FSPu GPS
UIF OVNCFS g [FSPu gPIu GPS UIF MFUUFS
gP PIu
4FOE EJHJUT VTJOH EJBM UPOF
. 1SFTT UIF 5"-,
TXJUDI EVSJOH B
QIPOF DBMM
. 5IF NFOV XJMM CF MBVODIFE BOE ZPV XJMM
CF QSPWJEFE XJUI UIF GPMMPXJOH HVJ
EBODF g1MFBTF TBZ UIF EJHJUT UP EJBMu
. "GUFS HVJEBODF TBZ UIF EJHJUT PG UIF
OVNCFS ZPV XBOU UP TFOE "GUFS UIJT
UIF EJHJUT UIBU IBWF CFFO SFDPHOJ[FE
XJMM CF SFBE PVU
. *G ZPV QSFTT UIF &/5&3 CVUUPO PO UIF
TUFFSJOH XIFFM PS PO UIF */'*/*5* DPO
USPMMFS UIF TFMFDUFE EJHJUT XJMM CF TFOU
4""
4QFBLFS BEBQUBUJPO GVODUJPO GPS
"MUFSOBUF $PNNBOE .PEF
5IF WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFN IBT B GVOD
UJPO UP MFBSO UIF VTFST WPJDF GPS CFUUFS
WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO QFSGPSNBODF 5IF TZTUFN
DBO NFNPSJ[F UIF WPJDFT PG VQ UP UISFF
QFSTPOT
)BWJOH UIF TZTUFN MFBSO UIF VTFST WPJDF
 1VTI UIF 4&55*/( CVUUPO PO UIF JOTUSV
NFOU QBOFM BOE TFMFDU UIF g0UIFSTu
LFZ
 4FMFDU UIF g7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPOu LFZ
 4FMFDU UIF g4QFBLFS "EBQUBUJPOu LFZ
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
4""
 4FMFDU UIF VTFS XIPTF WPJDF JT NFNPS
J[FE CZ UIF TZTUFN
 4FMFDU UIF g4UBSU 4QFBLFS "EBQUBUJPO
-FBSOJOHu LFZ
4""
 4FMFDU B DBUFHPSZ UP CF MFBSOFE CZ UIF
TZTUFN GSPN UIF GPMMPXJOH MJTU
.
1IPOF $PNNBOET
.
/BWJHBUJPO $PNNBOET
.
*OGPSNBUJPO $PNNBOET
.
"VEJP $PNNBOET
.
)FMQ $PNNBOET
5IF WPJDF DPNNBOET JO UIF DBUFHPSZ
BSF EJTQMBZFE
 4FMFDU B WPJDF DPNNBOE BOE UIFO QVTI
UIF &/5&3 CVUUPO
5IF WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFN TUBSUT
4""
 5IF TZTUFN SFRVFTUT UIBU ZPV SFQFBU B
DPNNBOE BGUFS B UPOF
 "GUFS UIF UPOF TPVOET BOE UIF JDPO PO
UIF TDSFFO DIBOHFT GSPN
UP
TQFBL UIF DPNNBOE UIBU UIF TZTUFN
SFRVFTUFE
8IFO UIF TZTUFN IBT SFDPHOJ[FE UIF
WPJDF DPNNBOE UIF WPJDF PG UIF VTFS JT
MFBSOFE
1VTI UIF
TXJUDI PS #"$, CVUUPO UP
SFUVSO UP UIF QSFWJPVT TDSFFO
*G UIF TZTUFN IBT MFBSOFE UIF DPNNBOE
DPSSFDUMZ UIF WPJDF DPNNBOE TUBUVT PO UIF
SJHIU TJEF PG UIF DPNNBOE UVSOT GSPN
background
g/POFu UP g4UPSFEu
4""
4QFBLFS "EBQUBUJPO GVODUJPO TFUUJOHT
&EJU 6TFS /BNF
&EJU UIF VTFS OBNF VTJOH UIF LFZQBE
EJTQMBZFE PO UIF TDSFFO
%FMFUF 7PJDF %BUB
3FTFUT UIF VTFST WPJDF UIBU UIF WPJDF
SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFN IBT MFBSOFE
$POUJOVPVT -FBSOJOH
8IFO UIJT JUFN JT UVSOFE UP 0/ ZPV DBO
IBWF UIF TZTUFN MFBSO UIF WPJDF DPNNBOET
JO TVDDFTTJPO XJUIPVU TFMFDUJOH DPN
NBOET POF CZ POF
.JOJNJ[F WPJDF GFFECBDL GPS "MUFS
OBUF $PNNBOE .PEF
5P NJOJNJ[F UIF WPJDF GFFECBDL GSPN UIF
TZTUFN QFSGPSN UIF GPMMPXJOH TUFQT
 1VTI UIF 4&55*/( CVUUPO PO UIF JOTUSV
NFOU QBOFM
 4FMFDU UIF g0UIFSTu LFZ
 4FMFDU UIF g7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPOu LFZ
 4FMFDU UIF g.JOJNJ[F 7PJDF 'FFECBDLu
LFZ
 5IF TFUUJOH JT UVSOFE UP 0/ BOE UIF
WPJDF HVJEBODF XJMM OPX CF SFEVDFE
XIFO VTJOH UIF 7PJDF 3FDPHOJUJPO
TZTUFN
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
5306#-&4)005*/( (6*%&
5IF TZTUFN TIPVME SFTQPOE DPSSFDUMZ UP BMM WPJDF DPNNBOET XJUIPVU EJGGJDVMUZ *G QSPCMFNT BSF FODPVOUFSFE GPMMPX UIF TPMVUJPOT HJWFO JO
UIJT HVJEF GPS UIF BQQSPQSJBUF FSSPS
8IFSF UIF TPMVUJPOT BSF MJTUFE CZ OVNCFS USZ FBDI TPMVUJPO JO UVSO TUBSUJOH XJUI OVNCFS POF VOUJM UIF QSPCMFN JT SFTPMWFE
4ZNQUPNFSSPS NFTTBHF 4PMVUJPO
5IF TZTUFN GBJMT UP JOUFSQSFU UIF DPNNBOE DPSSFDUMZ
 &OTVSF UIBU UIF DPNNBOE GPSNBU JT WBMJE TFF g$PNNBOE -JTUu 1
 4QFBL DMFBSMZ XJUIPVU QBVTJOH CFUXFFO XPSET BOE BU B MFWFM BQQSPQSJBUF UP UIF BNCJFOU OPJTF MFWFM
 &OTVSF UIBU UIF BNCJFOU OPJTF MFWFM JT OPU FYDFTTJWF GPS FYBNQMF XJOEPXT PQFO PS EFGSPTU PO
/05&
*G JU JT UPP OPJTZ UP VTF UIF QIPOF JU JT MJLFMZ UIBU WPJDF DPNNBOET XJMM OPU CF SFDPHOJ[FE
 *G PQUJPOBM XPSET PG UIF DPNNBOE IBWF CFFO PNJUUFE UIFO UIF DPNNBOE TIPVME CF USJFE XJUI UIFTF JO QMBDF
5IF TZTUFN DPOTJTUFOUMZ TFMFDUT UIF XSPOH WPJDFUBH JO
UIF QIPOFCPPL
 &OTVSF UIBU UIF WPJDFUBH SFRVFTUFE NBUDIFT XIBU XBT PSJHJOBMMZ TUPSFE 4FF g#MVFUPPUI
Ë
)BOET'SFF 1IPOF
4ZTUFN NPEFMT XJUI OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFNu 1
 3FQMBDF POF PG UIF WPJDFUBHT CFJOH DPOGVTFE XJUI B EJGGFSFOU WPJDFUBH
background
.&.0
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
.&.0
background
4UBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH
1SFDBVUJPOT XIFO TUBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH 
&YIBVTU HBT DBSCPO NPOPYJEF 
5ISFFXBZ DBUBMZTU  
5JSF 1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4  
"WPJEJOH DPMMJTJPO BOE SPMMPWFS  
0OQBWFNFOU BOE PGGSPBE
ESJWJOH QSFDBVUJPOT  
0GGSPBE SFDPWFSZ  
3BQJE BJS QSFTTVSF MPTT  
%SJOLJOH BMDPIPMESVHT BOE ESJWJOH  
%SJWJOH TBGFUZ QSFDBVUJPOT 
1VTICVUUPO JHOJUJPO TXJUDI 
0QFSBUJOH SBOHF GPS FOHJOF TUBSU GVODUJPO 
1VTICVUUPO JHOJUJPO TXJUDI PQFSBUJPO 
1VTICVUUPO JHOJUJPO TXJUDI QPTJUJPOT 
&NFSHFODZ FOHJOF TIVU PGG 
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ CBUUFSZ EJTDIBSHF  
#FGPSF TUBSUJOH UIF FOHJOF 
4UBSUJOH UIF FOHJOF  
%SJWJOH UIF WFIJDMF  
"VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO 
1BSLJOH CSBLF
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 8BSOJOH -%8 TZTUFN-BOF
%FQBSUVSF 1SFWFOUJPO -%1 TZTUFN JG
TP FRVJQQFE  
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 8BSOJOH -%8 TZTUFN 
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 1SFWFOUJPO -%1 TZTUFN 
-BOF DBNFSB VOJU NBJOUFOBODF  
$SVJTF DPOUSPM JG TP FRVJQQFE 
1SFDBVUJPOT PO DSVJTF DPOUSPM  
$SVJTF DPOUSPM PQFSBUJPOT 
*OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$ TZTUFN
'6-- 41&&% 3"/(& JG TP FRVJQQFE  
4FMFDUJOH UIF WFIJDMFUPWFIJDMF EJTUBODF
DPOUSPM NPEF 
7FIJDMFUPWFIJDMF EJTUBODF DPOUSPM NPEF  
1SFDBVUJPOT PO WFIJDMFUPWFIJDMF EJTUBODF
DPOUSPM NPEF 
7FIJDMFUPWFIJDMF EJTUBODF DPOUSPM
NPEF PQFSBUJPO 
$POWFOUJPOBM GJYFE TQFFE DSVJTF
DPOUSPM NPEF 
1SFWJFX GVODUJPO GPS *OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF
$POUSPM TZTUFN FRVJQQFE NPEFMT 
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%JTUBODF $POUSPM "TTJTU %$" TZTUFN JG
TP FRVJQQFE 
1SFDBVUJPOT PO %JTUBODF $POUSPM
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1SFDBVUJPOT PO '$8 TZTUFN 
*OUFMMJHFOU #SBLF "TTJTU *#" TZTUFN JG
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#SFBLJO TDIFEVMF 
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1BSLJOHQBSLJOH PO IJMMT 
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#SBLF TZTUFN 
#SBLJOH QSFDBVUJPOT  
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#SBLF BTTJTU 
#SBLF BTTJTU  
1SFWJFX GVODUJPO *OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM
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7FIJDMF %ZOBNJD $POUSPM 7%$ TZTUFN  
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#BUUFSZ  
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BOE -PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO MBCFMu 1
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 4UBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH
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3PBETJEF BTTJTUBODF QSPHSBN 
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5JSF 1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4  
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7FIJDMF SFDPWFSZ GSFFJOH B TUVDL WFIJDMF 
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$IFDLJOH FOHJOF DPPMBOU MFWFM 
$IBOHJOH FOHJOF DPPMBOU 
&OHJOF PJM 
$IFDLJOH FOHJOF PJM MFWFM  
$IBOHJOH FOHJOF PJM BOE GJMUFS  
"VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO GMVJE  
1PXFS TUFFSJOH GMVJE  
#SBLF GMVJE  
#SBLF GMVJE 
8JOEPX XBTIFS GMVJE 
#BUUFSZ 
+VNQ TUBSUJOH  
7BSJBCMF WPMUBHF DPOUSPM TZTUFN 
%SJWF #FMUT  
4QBSL QMVHT  
3FQMBDJOH TQBSL QMVHT  
"JS DMFBOFS  
8JOETIJFME XJQFS CMBEFT 
$MFBOJOH 
3FQMBDJOH  
3FBS XJOEPX XJQFS CMBEFT  
#SBLFT 
4FMGBEKVTUJOH CSBLFT 
#SBLF QBE XFBS XBSOJOH 
'VTFT 
&OHJOF DPNQBSUNFOU 
1BTTFOHFS DPNQBSUNFOU  
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ CBUUFSZ SFQMBDFNFOU 
-JHIUT  
)FBEMJHIUT 
&YUFSJPS BOE JOUFSJPS MJHIUT 
8IFFMT BOE UJSFT 
5JSF QSFTTVSF  
5JSF MBCFMJOH  
5ZQFT PG UJSFT 
5JSF DIBJOT 
$IBOHJOH XIFFMT BOE UJSFT  
background
 .BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG
4PNF EBZUPEBZ BOE SFHVMBS NBJOUFOBODF
JT FTTFOUJBM UP NBJOUBJO ZPVS WFIJDMFT HPPE
NFDIBOJDBM DPOEJUJPO BT XFMM BT JUT FNJT
TJPO BOE FOHJOF QFSGPSNBODF
*U JT UIF PXOFST SFTQPOTJCJMJUZ UP NBLF
TVSF UIBU UIF TDIFEVMFE NBJOUFOBODF BT
XFMM BT HFOFSBM NBJOUFOBODF JT QFSGPSNFE
"T UIF WFIJDMF PXOFS ZPV BSF UIF POMZ POF
XIP DBO FOTVSF UIBU ZPVS WFIJDMF SFDFJWFT
UIF QSPQFS NBJOUFOBODF DBSF :PV BSF B
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4FSWJDF BOE .BJOUFOBODF (VJEFu :PV NVTU
SFGFS UP UIBU HVJEF UP FOTVSF UIBU OFDFTTBSZ
NBJOUFOBODF JT QFSGPSNFE PO ZPVS WFIJDMF
BU SFHVMBS JOUFSWBMT
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XIJDI TIPVME CF DIFDLFE EVSJOH OPSNBM
EBZUPEBZ PQFSBUJPO 5IFZ BSF FTTFOUJBM
GPS QSPQFS WFIJDMF PQFSBUJPO *U JT ZPVS
SFTQPOTJCJMJUZ UP QFSGPSN UIFTF QSPDFEVSFT
SFHVMBSMZ BT QSFTDSJCFE
1FSGPSNJOH HFOFSBM NBJOUFOBODF DIFDLT
SFRVJSFT NJOJNBM NFDIBOJDBM TLJMM BOE POMZ
B GFX HFOFSBM BVUPNPUJWF UPPMT
5IFTF DIFDLT PS JOTQFDUJPOT DBO CF EPOF
CZ ZPVSTFMG B RVBMJGJFE UFDIOJDJBO PS JG ZPV
QSFGFS BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
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*G NBJOUFOBODF TFSWJDF JT SFRVJSFE PS ZPVS
WFIJDMF BQQFBST UP NBMGVODUJPO IBWF UIF
TZTUFNT DIFDLFE BOE TFSWJDFE CZ BO
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*/'*/*5* UFDIOJDJBOT BSF XFMMUSBJOFE TQF
DJBMJTUT BOE BSF LFQU VQ UP EBUF XJUI UIF
MBUFTU TFSWJDF JOGPSNBUJPO UISPVHI UFDIOJ
DBM CVMMFUJOT TFSWJDF UJQT BOE JOSFUBJMFS
TIJQ JOGPSNBUJPO TZTUFNT 5IFZ BSF
DPNQMFUFMZ RVBMJGJFE UP XPSL PO */'*/*5*
WFIJDMFT CFGPSF XPSL CFHJOT
:PV DBO CF DPOGJEFOU UIBU BO */'*/*5*
SFUBJMFST TFSWJDF EFQBSUNFOU QFSGPSNT UIF
CFTU KPC UP NFFU UIF NBJOUFOBODF SFRVJSF
NFOUT PO ZPVS WFIJDMF
%VSJOH UIF OPSNBM EBZUPEBZ PQFSBUJPO PG
UIF WFIJDMF HFOFSBM NBJOUFOBODF TIPVME
CF QFSGPSNFE SFHVMBSMZ BT QSFTDSJCFE JO
UIJT TFDUJPO *G ZPV EFUFDU BOZ VOVTVBM
TPVOET WJCSBUJPOT PS TNFMM CF TVSF UP
DIFDL GPS UIF DBVTF PS IBWF BO */'*/*5*
SFUBJMFS EP JU QSPNQUMZ *O BEEJUJPO ZPV
TIPVME OPUJGZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS JG ZPV
UIJOL UIBU SFQBJST BSF SFRVJSFE
8IFO QFSGPSNJOH BOZ DIFDLT PS NBJOUF
OBODF XPSL TFF g.BJOUFOBODF QSFDBV
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JUFNT XJUI gu JT GPVOE MBUFS JO UIJT
TFDUJPO
0VUTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
5IF NBJOUFOBODF JUFNT MJTUFE IFSF TIPVME
CF QFSGPSNFE GSPN UJNF UP UJNF VOMFTT
PUIFSXJTF TQFDJGJFE
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EPPST BOE UIF FOHJOF IPPE PQFSBUF
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TFDVSFMZ -VCSJDBUF IJOHFT MBUDIFT MBUDI
QJOT SPMMFST BOE MJOLT JG OFDFTTBSZ .BLF
TVSF UIBU UIF TFDPOEBSZ MBUDI LFFQT UIF
IPPE GSPN PQFOJOH XIFO UIF QSJNBSZ MBUDI
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background
JT SFMFBTFE
8IFO ESJWJOH JO BSFBT VTJOH SPBE TBMU PS
PUIFS DPSSPTJWF NBUFSJBMT DIFDL MVCSJDBUJPO
GSFRVFOUMZ
-JHIUT $MFBO UIF IFBEMJHIUT PO B SFHVMBS
CBTJT .BLF TVSF UIBU UIF IFBEMJHIUT TUPQ
MJHIUT UBJM MJHIUT UVSO TJHOBM MJHIUT BOE
PUIFS MJHIUT BSF BMM PQFSBUJOH QSPQFSMZ BOE
JOTUBMMFE TFDVSFMZ "MTP DIFDL IFBEMJHIU
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'SPOU UVSO TJHOBM MJHIU  8:8
'PH MJHIU  )
1BSLJOH MJHIU 88
'SPOU TJEF NBSLFS MJHIU 88
3FBS DPNCJOBUJPO MJHIU
CBDLVQ  88
TUPQUBJM -&%
TJEF NBSLFS 88
UVSO TJHOBM  88
-JDFOTF QMBUF MJHIU 88
1VEEMF MJHIU -&%
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3FBS QFSTPOBM MJHIU
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7BOJUZ NJSSPS MJHIU 
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JOGPSNBUJPO BCPVU QBSUT
.BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG 
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 .BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG
3FQMBDFNFOU QSPDFEVSFT
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PS ' 8IFO SFQMBDJOH B CVMC GJSTU SFNPWF
UIF MFOT BOEPS DPWFS
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4%*#
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4%*
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5*3& 13&4463&
5JSF 1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN
51.4
5IJT WFIJDMF JT FRVJQQFE XJUI UIF 5JSF
1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4 *U
NPOJUPST UJSF QSFTTVSF PG BMM UJSFT FYDFQU
UIF TQBSF 8IFO UIF MPX UJSF QSFTTVSF
XBSOJOH MJHIU JT MJU BOE UIF $)&$, 5*3&
13&4463& XBSOJOH BQQFBST PO UIF WFIJDMF
JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ POF PS NPSF PG ZPVS
UJSFT JT TJHOJGJDBOUMZ VOEFSJOGMBUFE
5IF 51.4 XJMM BDUJWBUF POMZ XIFO UIF
WFIJDMF JT ESJWFO BU TQFFET BCPWF  .1)
 LNI "MTP UIJT TZTUFN NBZ OPU
EFUFDU B TVEEFO ESPQ JO UJSF QSFTTVSF GPS
FYBNQMF B GMBU UJSF XIJMF ESJWJOH
'PS NPSF EFUBJMT TFF g-PX UJSF QSFTTVSF
XBSOJOH MJHIUu 1 g5JSF 1SFTTVSF
.POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4u 1 BOE
g5JSF 1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4u
1
5JSF JOGMBUJPO QSFTTVSF
$IFDL UIF QSFTTVSF PG UIF UJSFT
JODMVEJOH UIF TQBSF PGUFO BOE BM
XBZT QSJPS UP MPOH EJTUBODF USJQT 5IF
SFDPNNFOEFE UJSF QSFTTVSF TQFDJGJ
DBUJPOT BSF TIPXO PO UIF 5JSF BOE
-PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO MBCFM VOEFS UIF
g$PME 5JSF 1SFTTVSFu IFBEJOH 5IF
5JSF BOE -PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO MBCFM JT
BGGJYFE UP UIF ESJWFS TJEF DFOUFS QJMMBS
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PCKFDUT PS JG UIF WFIJDMF TUSJLFT B
DVSC XIJMF QBSLJOH
5IF UJSF QSFTTVSFT TIPVME CF DIFDLFE
XIFO UIF UJSFT BSF DPME 5IF UJSFT BSF
DPOTJEFSFE $0-% BGUFS UIF WFIJDMF
IBT CFFO QBSLFE GPS PS NPSF IPVST
PS ESJWFO MFTT UIBO NJMF  LN BU
NPEFSBUF TQFFET
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VOEFS JOGMBUJPO NBZ BEWFSTFMZ BGGFDU
UJSF MJGF BOE WFIJDMF IBOEMJOH
.BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG 
8)&&-4 "/% 5*3&4
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 .BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG
8"3/*/(
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TVEEFOMZ BOE DBVTF BO BDDJEFOU
. 5IF (SPTT 7FIJDMF 8FJHIU SBUJOH
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4$.744 DFSUJGJDBUJPO MBCFM
5IF WFIJDMF XFJHIU DBQBDJUZ JT
JOEJDBUFE PO UIF 5JSF BOE -PBEJOH
*OGPSNBUJPO MBCFM %P OPU MPBE ZPVS
WFIJDMF CFZPOE UIJT DBQBDJUZ 0WFS
MPBEJOH ZPVS WFIJDMF NBZ SFTVMU JO
SFEVDFE UJSF MJGF VOTBGF PQFSBUJOH
DPOEJUJPOT EVF UP QSFNBUVSF UJSF
GBJMVSF PS VOGBWPSBCMF IBOEMJOH
DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT BOE DPVME BMTP MFBE
UP B TFSJPVT BDDJEFOU -PBEJOH
CFZPOE UIF TQFDJGJFE DBQBDJUZ
NBZ BMTP SFTVMU JO GBJMVSF PG PUIFS
WFIJDMF DPNQPOFOUT
. #FGPSF UBLJOH B MPOH USJQ PS XIFO
FWFS ZPV IFBWJMZ MPBE ZPVS WFIJDMF
VTF B UJSF QSFTTVSF HBVHF UP
FOTVSF UIBU UIF UJSF QSFTTVSFT BSF
BU UIF TQFDJGJFE MFWFM
. 'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO SFHBSE
JOH UJSFT SFGFS UP g*NQPSUBOU 5JSF
4BGFUZ *OGPSNBUJPOu 64 PS g5JSF
4BGFUZ *OGPSNBUJPOu $BOBEB JO
UIF 8BSSBOUZ *OGPSNBUJPO #PPLMFU
background
4%*
5JSF BOE -PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO MBCFM
*
4FBUJOH DBQBDJUZ 5IF NBYJNVN
OVNCFS PG PDDVQBOUT UIBU DBO CF
TFBUFE JO UIF WFIJDMF
*
7FIJDMF MPBE MJNJU 4FF g7FIJDMF
MPBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPOu 1
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0SJHJOBM TJ[F 5IF TJ[F PG UIF UJSFT
PSJHJOBMMZ JOTUBMMFE PO UIF WFIJ
DMF BU UIF GBDUPSZ
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UJSFT UP UIJT QSFTTVSF XIFO UIF
UJSFT BSF DPME 5JSFT BSF DPOTJE
FSFE $0-% BGUFS UIF WFIJDMF IBT
CFFO QBSLFE GPS PS NPSF IPVST
PS ESJWFO MFTT UIBO NJMF 
LN BU NPEFSBUF TQFFET 5IF
SFDPNNFOEFE DPME UJSF JOGMBUJPO
JT TFU CZ UIF NBOVGBDUVSFS UP
QSPWJEF UIF CFTU CBMBODF PG UJSF
XFBS WFIJDMF IBOEMJOH ESJWF
BCJMJUZ UJSF OPJTF FUD VQ UP UIF
WFIJDMFT (783
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5JSF TJ[F TFF g5JSF MBCFMJOHu
1
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4QBSF UJSF TJ[F PS DPNQBDU TQBSF
UJSF TJ[F JG TP FRVJQQFE
.BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG 
background
 .BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG
4%*
$IFDLJOH UIF UJSF QSFTTVSF
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3FNPWF UIF WBMWF TUFN DBQ GSPN
UIF UJSF
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1SFTT UIF QSFTTVSF HBVHF
TRVBSFMZ POUP UIF WBMWF TUFN %P
OPU QSFTT UPP IBSE PS GPSDF UIF
WBMWF TUFN TJEFXBZT PS BJS XJMM
FTDBQF *G UIF IJTTJOH TPVOE PG BJS
FTDBQJOH GSPN UIF UJSF JT IFBSE
XIJMF DIFDLJOH UIF QSFTTVSF SF
QPTJUJPO UIF HBVHF UP FMJNJOBUF
UIJT MFBLBHF
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3FNPWF UIF HBVHF

3FBE UIF UJSF QSFTTVSF PO UIF
HBVHF TUFN BOE DPNQBSF JU UP
UIF TQFDJGJDBUJPO TIPXO PO UIF
5JSF BOE -PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO MB
CFM
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NVDI BJS JT BEEFE QSFTT UIF DPSF
PG UIF WBMWF TUFN CSJFGMZ XJUI UIF
UJQ PG UIF HBVHF TUFN UP SFMFBTF
QSFTTVSF 3FDIFDL UIF QSFTTVSF
BOE BEE PS SFMFBTF BJS BT OFFEFE

*OTUBMM UIF WBMWF TUFN DBQ
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UJSFT JODMVEJOH UIF TQBSF
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13
7
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 14*
13
7
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13
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 14*
13
7
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 14*
13
7
 L1B
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41"3& 5*3&
5%
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 14*
background
4%*
&YBNQMF
5*3& -"#&-*/(
'FEFSBM MBX SFRVJSFT UJSF NBOVGBD
UVSFST UP QMBDF TUBOEBSEJ[FE JOGPSNB
UJPO PO UIF TJEFXBMM PG BMM UJSFT 5IJT
JOGPSNBUJPO JEFOUJGJFT BOE EFTDSJCFT
UIF GVOEBNFOUBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT PG
UIF UJSF BOE BMTP QSPWJEFT UIF UJSF
JEFOUJGJDBUJPO OVNCFS 5*/ GPS TBGFUZ
TUBOEBSE DFSUJGJDBUJPO 5IF 5*/ DBO CF
VTFE UP JEFOUJGZ UIF UJSF JO DBTF PG B
SFDBMM
4%*
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EFTJHOFE GPS QBTTFOHFS WFIJDMFT
/PU BMM UJSFT IBWF UIJT JOGPSNB
UJPO
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5ISFFEJHJU OVNCFS  5IJT
OVNCFS HJWFT UIF XJEUI JO NJMMJ
NFUFST PG UIF UJSF GSPN TJEFXBMM
FEHF UP TJEFXBMM FEHF

5XPEJHJU OVNCFS  5IJT OVN
CFS LOPXO BT UIF BTQFDU SBUJP
HJWFT UIF UJSFT SBUJP PG IFJHIU UP
XJEUI
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3 5IF g3u TUBOET GPS SBEJBM

5XPEJHJU OVNCFS  5IJT OVN
CFS JT UIF XIFFM PS SJN EJBNFUFS JO
JODIFT
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5XP PS UISFFEJHJU OVNCFS 
5IJT OVNCFS JT UIF UJSFT MPBE
JOEFY *U JT B NFBTVSFNFOU PG
IPX NVDI XFJHIU FBDI UJSF DBO
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JOGPSNBUJPO PO BMM UJSFT CFDBVTF JU
JT OPU SFRVJSFE CZ MBX
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OPU ESJWF UIF WFIJDMF GBTUFS UIBO
UIF UJSF TQFFE SBUJOH
.BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG 
background
 .BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG
4%*
&YBNQMF
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99 999 9999
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%05 "CCSFWJBUJPO GPS UIF g%FQBSU
NFOU PG 5SBOTQPSUBUJPOu 5IF TZN
CPM DBO CF QMBDFE BCPWF CFMPX PS
UP UIF MFGU PS SJHIU PG UIF 5JSF
*EFOUJGJDBUJPO /VNCFS

5XPEJHJU DPEF .BOVGBDUVSFST
JEFOUJGJDBUJPO NBSL

5XPEJHJU DPEF 5JSF TJ[F

5ISFFEJHJU DPEF 5JSF UZQF DPEF
0QUJPOBM
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5ISFFEJHJU DPEF %BUF PG .BOV
GBDUVSF

'PVS OVNCFST SFQSFTFOU UIF XFFL
BOE ZFBS UIF UJSF XBT CVJMU 'PS
FYBNQMF UIF OVNCFST 
NFBOT UIF TU XFFL PG  *G
UIFTF OVNCFST BSF NJTTJOH UIFO
MPPL PO UIF PUIFS TJEFXBMM PG UIF
UJSF
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5JSF QMZ DPNQPTJUJPO BOE NBUFSJ
BM
5IF OVNCFS PG MBZFST PS QMJFT PG
SVCCFSDPBUFE GBCSJD JO UIF UJSF
5JSF NBOVGBDUVSFST BMTP NVTU
JOEJDBUF UIF NBUFSJBMT JO UIF UJSF
XIJDI JODMVEF TUFFM OZMPO
QPMZFTUFS BOE PUIFST
*
.BYJNVN QFSNJTTJCMF JOGMBUJPO
QSFTTVSF
5IJT OVNCFS JT UIF HSFBUFTU
BNPVOU PG BJS QSFTTVSF UIBU
TIPVME CF QVU JO UIF UJSF %P OPU
FYDFFE UIF NBYJNVN QFSNJTTJ
CMF JOGMBUJPO QSFTTVSF
*
.BYJNVN MPBE SBUJOH
5IJT OVNCFS JOEJDBUFT UIF NBY
JNVN MPBE JO LJMPHSBNT BOE
QPVOET UIBU DBO CF DBSSJFE CZ
UIF UJSF 8IFO SFQMBDJOH UIF UJSFT
PO UIF WFIJDMF BMXBZT VTF B UJSF
UIBU IBT UIF TBNF MPBE SBUJOH BT
UIF GBDUPSZ JOTUBMMFE UJSF
*
5FSN PG gUVCFMFTTu PS gUVCF
UZQFu
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RVJSFT BO JOOFS UVCF gUVCF
UZQFu PS OPU gUVCFMFTTu
*
5IF XPSE gSBEJBMu
5IF XPSE gSBEJBMu JT TIPXO JG
UIF UJSF IBT SBEJBM TUSVDUVSF
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.BOVGBDUVSFS PS CSBOE OBNF JT
TIPXO
0UIFS UJSFSFMBUFE UFSNJOPMPHZ
*O BEEJUJPO UP UIF NBOZ UFSNT UIBU
BSF EFGJOFE UISPVHIPVU UIJT TFDUJPO
*OUFOEFE 0VUCPBSE 4JEFXBMM JT  UIF
TJEFXBMM UIBU DPOUBJOT B XIJUFXBMM
background
CFBST XIJUF MFUUFSJOH PS CFBST NBOV
GBDUVSFS CSBOE BOEPS NPEFM OBNF
NPMEJOH UIBU JT IJHIFS PS EFFQFS UIBO
UIF TBNF NPMEJOH PO UIF PUIFS TJEF
XBMM PG UIF UJSF PS  UIF PVUXBSE
GBDJOH TJEFXBMM PG BO BTZNNFUSJDBM
UJSF UIBU IBT B QBSUJDVMBS TJEF UIBU
NVTU BMXBZT GBDF PVUXBSE XIFO
NPVOUFE PO B WFIJDMF
5:1&4 0' 5*3&4
8"3/*/(
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TVSF BMM GPVS UJSFT BSF PG UIF TBNF UZQF
&YBNQMF 4VNNFS "MM 4FBTPO PS 4OPX
BOE DPOTUSVDUJPO "O */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
NBZ CF BCMF UP IFMQ ZPV XJUI JOGPSNBUJPO
BCPVU UJSF UZQF TJ[F TQFFE SBUJOH BOE
BWBJMBCJMJUZ
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TQFFE SBUJOH UIBO UIF GBDUPSZ FRVJQQFE
UJSFT BOE NBZ OPU NBUDI UIF QPUFOUJBM
NBYJNVN WFIJDMF TQFFE /FWFS FYDFFE
UIF NBYJNVN TQFFE SBUJOH PG UIF UJSF
. 3FQMBDJOH UJSFT XJUI UIPTF OPU PSJHJOBMMZ
TQFDJGJFE CZ */'*/*5* DPVME BGGFDU UIF
QSPQFS PQFSBUJPO PG UIF 51.4
. 'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO SFHBSEJOH
UJSFT SFGFS UP g*NQPSUBOU 5JSF 4BGFUZ
*OGPSNBUJPOu 64 PS g5JSF 4BGFUZ *OGPS
NBUJPOu $BOBEB JO UIF 8BSSBOUZ *OGPS
NBUJPO #PPLMFU
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NPEFMT UP QSPWJEF HPPE QFSGPSNBODF BMM
ZFBS JODMVEJOH TOPXZ BOE JDZ SPBE DPOEJ
UJPOT "MM 4FBTPO UJSFT BSF JEFOUJGJFE CZ "--
4&"40/ BOEPS .4 .VE BOE 4OPX PO
UIF UJSF TJEFXBMM 4OPX UJSFT IBWF CFUUFS
TOPX USBDUJPO UIBO "MM 4FBTPO UJSFT BOE
NBZ CF NPSF BQQSPQSJBUF JO TPNF BSFBT
4VNNFS UJSFT
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NPEFMT UP QSPWJEF TVQFSJPS QFSGPSNBODF PO
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DIBJOT PS DBCMFT 5IF NJOJNVN DMFBSBODFT
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FOTVSF B UJHIU GJU -PPTF FOE MJOLT PG UIF UJSF
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5IF XIFFM OVUT NVTU CF LFQU UJHI
UFOFE UP UIF TQFDJGJDBUJPO BU BMM
UJNFT *U JT SFDPNNFOEFE UIBU XIFFM
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NJMFT  LN BMTP JO DBTFT PG
B GMBU UJSF FUD
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UJSF PS BOZ PUIFS TNBMM TJ[F TQBSF
UJSF JO UIF UJSF SPUBUJPO
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8"3/*/(
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USFBE *G FYDFTTJWF XFBS DSBDLT
CVMHJOH PS EFFQ DVUT BSF GPVOE UIF
UJSFT TIPVME CF SFQMBDFE
. 5IF PSJHJOBM UJSFT IBWF CVJMUJO
USFBE XFBS JOEJDBUPST 8IFO XFBS
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TPNF UJSF EBNBHF NBZ OPU CF
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UIF TQBSF UJSF DPOUBDU BO */'*/*5*
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.BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG 
background
 .BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG
3FQMBDJOH XIFFMT BOE UJSFT
8IFO SFQMBDJOH B UJSF VTF UIF TBNF TJ[F
USFBE EFTJHO TQFFE SBUJOH BOE MPBE DBSSZ
JOH DBQBDJUZ BT PSJHJOBMMZ FRVJQQFE 4FF
g4QFDJGJDBUJPOTu 1 GPS SFDPNNFOEFE
UZQFT BOE TJ[FT PG UJSFT BOE XIFFMT
8"3/*/(
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CJBTCFMUFE PS SBEJBM PS USFBE QBUUFSOT
DBO BEWFSTFMZ BGGFDU UIF SJEF CSBLJOH
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DMFBSBODF UJSF DIBJO DMFBSBODF TQFFE
PNFUFS DBMJCSBUJPO IFBEMJHIU BJN BOE
CVNQFS IFJHIU 4PNF PG UIFTF FGGFDUT
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XJUI UJSFT UIBU XFSF UIF TBNF TJ[F
BOE ZPV BSF POMZ SFQMBDJOH PG UIF
UJSFT JOTUBMM UIF OFX UJSFT PO UIF SFBS
BYMF 1MBDJOH OFX UJSFT PO UIF GSPOU BYMF
NBZ DBVTF MPTT PG WFIJDMF DPOUSPM JO
TPNF ESJWJOH DPOEJUJPOT BOE DBVTF BO
BDDJEFOU BOE QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ
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UIF CSBLF EJTDTESVNT 4VDI JOUFSGFS
FODF DBO MFBE UP EFDSFBTFE CSBLJOH
FGGJDJFODZ BOEPS FBSMZ CSBLF QBETIPF
XFBS 4FF g8IFFMT BOE UJSFTu 1 PG
UIJT NBOVBM GPS XIFFM PGGTFU EJNFO
TJPOT
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5IF MJHIU XJMM SFNBJO PO BGUFS NJOVUF
$POUBDU ZPVS */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS BT TPPO BT
QPTTJCMF GPS UJSF SFQMBDFNFOU BOEPS
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QSPQFS PQFSBUJPO PG UIF 51.4
. %P OPU JOTUBMM B EBNBHFE PS EFGPSNFE
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4VDI XIFFMT PS UJSFT DPVME IBWF TUSVD
UVSBM EBNBHF BOE DPVME GBJM XJUIPVU
XBSOJOH
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UJSFT SFGFS UP g*NQPSUBOU 5JSF 4BGFUZ
*OGPSNBUJPOu 64 PS g5JSF 4BGFUZ *OGPS
NBUJPOu $BOBEB JO UIF 8BSSBOUZ *OGPS
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CSBOE DPOTUSVDUJPO CJBT CJBTCFMUFE PS
SBEJBM BOE USFBE QBUUFSO PO BMM GPVS
XIFFMT 'BJMVSF UP EP TP NBZ SFTVMU JO B
DJSDVNGFSFODF EJGGFSFODF CFUXFFO UJSFT
PO UIF GSPOU BOE SFBS BYMFT XIJDI XJMM
DBVTF FYDFTTJWF UJSF XFBS BOE NBZ
EBNBHF UIF USBOTNJTTJPO USBOTGFS DBTF
BOE EJGGFSFOUJBM HFBST
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SFDPNNFOEFE UIBU BMM GPVS UJSFT CF SF
background
QMBDFE XJUI UJSFT PG UIF TBNF TJ[F CSBOE
DPOTUSVDUJPO BOE USFBE QBUUFSO 5IF UJSF
QSFTTVSF BOE XIFFM BMJHONFOU TIPVME BMTP
CF DIFDLFE BOE DPSSFDUFE BT OFDFTTBSZ
$POUBDU BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
8IFFM CBMBODF
6OCBMBODFE XIFFMT NBZ BGGFDU WFIJDMF
IBOEMJOH BOE UJSF MJGF &WFO XJUI SFHVMBS
VTF XIFFMT DBO HFU PVU PG CBMBODF 5IFSF
GPSF UIFZ TIPVME CF CBMBODFE BT SFRVJSFE
8IFFM CBMBODF TFSWJDF TIPVME CF QFS
GPSNFE XJUI UIF XIFFMT PGG UIF WFIJDMF
4QJO CBMBODJOH UIF XIFFMT PO UIF WFIJDMF
DPVME MFBE UP NFDIBOJDBM EBNBHF
'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO SFHBSEJOH UJSFT
SFGFS UP g*NQPSUBOU 5JSF 4BGFUZ *OGPSNBUJPOu
64 PS g5JSF 4BGFUZ *OGPSNBUJPOu $BOBEB
JO UIF */'*/*5* 8BSSBOUZ *OGPSNBUJPO #PPL
MFU
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4FF g$MFBOJOH FYUFSJPSu 1 GPS EFUBJMT
BCPVU DBSF PG UIF XIFFMT
4QBSF UJSF 5&.103"3: 64& 0/-:
5UZQF TQBSF UJSF
8IFO B TQBSF UJSF JT NPVOUFE 5&.103"3:
64& 0/-: PS DPOWFOUJPOBM UIF 51.4 XJMM
OPU GVODUJPO
0CTFSWF UIF GPMMPXJOH QSFDBVUJPOT JG UIF 5
UZQF TQBSF UJSF NVTU CF VTFE PUIFSXJTF
ZPVS WFIJDMF DPVME CF EBNBHFE PS JOWPMWFE
JO BO BDDJEFOU
8"3/*/(
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PQQPSUVOJUZ UP BWPJE QPTTJCMF UJSF PS
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. %SJWF DBSFGVMMZ XIJMF UIF 5&.103"3:
64& 0/-: TQBSF UJSF JT JOTUBMMFE "WPJE
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QSFTTVSF "MXBZT LFFQ UIF QSFTTVSF PG
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 QTJ  L1B  CBS "MXBZT LFFQ
UIF QSFTTVSF PG UIF GVMM TJ[F TQBSF UJSF JG
TP FRVJQQFE BU UIF SFDPNNFOEFE QSFT
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UIF 5JSF BOE -PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO MBCFM
'PS 5JSF BOE -PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO MBCFM
MPDBUJPO TFF g5JSF BOE -PBEJOH *OGPSNB
UJPO MBCFMu JO UIF JOEFY PG UIJT NBOVBM
. 8JUI UIF 5&.103"3: 64& 0/-: TQBSF
UJSF JOTUBMMFE EP OPU ESJWF ZPVS WFIJDMF BU
TQFFET GBTUFS UIBO  .1)  LNI
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TOPX PS JDF UIF 5&.103"3: 64& 0/-:
TQBSF UJSF TIPVME CF VTFE PO UIF GSPOU
XIFFMT BOE PSJHJOBM UJSF VTFE PO UIF SFBS
XIFFMT ESJWF XIFFMT 6TF UJSF DIBJOT
POMZ PO UIF UXP SFBS PSJHJOBM UJSFT
. 5JSF USFBE PG UIF 5&.103"3: 64& 0/-:
TQBSF UJSF XJMM XFBS BU B GBTUFS SBUF UIBO
UIF TUBOEBSE UJSF 3FQMBDF UIF TQBSF UJSF
BT TPPO BT UIF USFBE XFBS JOEJDBUPST
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WFIJDMFT
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UIF TBNF UJNF
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background
 .BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG
. #FDBVTF UIF 5&.103"3: 64& 0/-:
TQBSF UJSF JT TNBMMFS UIBO UIF PSJHJOBM
UJSF HSPVOE DMFBSBODF JT SFEVDFE 5P
BWPJE EBNBHF UP UIF WFIJDMF EP OPU
ESJWF PWFS PCTUBDMFT "MTP EP OPU ESJWF
UIF WFIJDMF UISPVHI BO BVUPNBUJD DBS
XBTI TJODF JU NBZ HFU DBVHIU
background
5FDIOJDBM BOE DPOTVNFS JOGPSNBUJPO
$BQBDJUJFT BOE SFDPNNFOEFE GMVJETMVCSJDBOUT 
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"JS DPOEJUJPOJOH TZTUFN SFGSJHFSBOU BOE
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4QFDJGJDBUJPOT 
&OHJOF  
8IFFMT BOE UJSFT 
%JNFOTJPOT 
8IFO USBWFMJOH PS SFHJTUFSJOH ZPVS WFIJDMF JO
BOPUIFS DPVOUSZ 
7FIJDMF JEFOUJGJDBUJPO 
7FIJDMF *EFOUJGJDBUJPO /VNCFS 7*/ QMBUF 
7FIJDMF JEFOUJGJDBUJPO OVNCFS
DIBTTJT OVNCFS 
&OHJOF TFSJBM OVNCFS  
'.744$.744 DFSUJGJDBUJPO MBCFM  
&NJTTJPO DPOUSPM JOGPSNBUJPO MBCFM  
5JSF BOE -PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO MBCFM  
"JS DPOEJUJPOFS TQFDJGJDBUJPO MBCFM  
*OTUBMMJOH GSPOU MJDFOTF QMBUF  
7FIJDMF MPBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO  
5FSNT  
7FIJDMF MPBE DBQBDJUZ 
4FDVSJOH UIF MPBE  
-PBEJOH UJQT  
.FBTVSFNFOU PG XFJHIUT  
5PXJOH B USBJMFS 
.BYJNVN MPBE MJNJUT  
.BYJNVN (SPTT 7FIJDMF 8FJHIU (78
.BYJNVN (SPTT "YMF 8FJHIU ("8  
5PXJOH MPBETQFDJGJDBUJPO 
5PXJOH TBGFUZ  
'MBU UPXJOH  
6OJGPSN UJSF RVBMJUZ HSBEJOH  
5SFBEXFBS  
5SBDUJPO "" " # BOE $ 
5FNQFSBUVSF " # BOE $ 
&NJTTJPO DPOUSPM TZTUFN XBSSBOUZ 
3FQPSUJOH TBGFUZ EFGFDUT  
3FBEJOFTT GPS *OTQFDUJPO.BJOUFOBODF
*. UFTU  
&WFOU %BUB 3FDPSEFST &%3 
0XOFST .BOVBM4FSWJDF .BOVBM
PSEFS JOGPSNBUJPO 
background
 5FDIOJDBM BOE DPOTVNFS JOGPSNBUJPO
5IF GPMMPXJOH BSF BQQSPYJNBUF DBQBDJUJFT 5IF BDUVBM SFGJMM DBQBDJUJFT NBZ CF B MJUUMF EJGGFSFOU 8IFO SFGJMMJOH GPMMPX UIF QSPDFEVSF
JOTUSVDUFE JO UIF g .BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMGu TFDUJPO UP EFUFSNJOF UIF QSPQFS SFGJMM DBQBDJUZ
$BQBDJUZ "QQSPYJNBUF
3FDPNNFOEFE TQFDJGJDBUJPOT
64 NFBTVSF *NQ NFBTVSF -JUFS
'VFM  HBM  HBM  4FF g'VFM JOGPSNBUJPOu 1
&OHJOF PJM 'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO TFF g&OHJOF PJMu 1 GPS
DIBOHJOH FOHJOF PJM
. (FOVJOF /*44"/ FOHJOF PJM PS FRVJWBMFOU
. */'*/*5* SFDPNNFOET (FOVJOF /*44"/ &TUFS &OHJOF
0JM BWBJMBCMF BU */'*/*5* SFUBJMFST
. &OHJOF PJM XJUI "1* $FSUJGJDBUJPO .BSL
. 7JTDPTJUZ 4"& 8
. 'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO TFF g&OHJOF PJM BOE PJM
GJMUFS SFDPNNFOEBUJPOu 1
%SBJO BOE SFGJMM
8JUI PJM GJMUFS DIBOHF 727)3  RU  RU 
8JUIPVU PJM GJMUFS DIBOHF 727)3  RU RU 
$PPMJOH TZTUFN
1SFEJMVUFE (FOVJOF /*44"/ -POH -JGF "OUJGSFF[F$PPMBOU
CMVF PS FRVJWBMFOU
8JUI SFTFSWPJS
727)3  RU  RU 
727)3 NPEFMT XJUI
UPXJOH QBDLBHF GPS $B
OBEB
 RU  RU 
3FTFSWPJS 727)3  RU  RU 
"VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO GMVJE 
. (FOVJOF /*44"/ .BUJD 4 "5'
. 6TJOH BVUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO GMVJE PUIFS UIBO (FOV
JOF /*44"/ .BUJD 4 "5' XJMM DBVTF EFUFSJPSBUJPO JO
ESJWFBCJMJUZ BOE BVUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO EVSBCJMJUZ
BOE NBZ EBNBHF UIF BVUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO XIJDI
JT OPU DPWFSFE CZ UIF */'*/*5* OFX WFIJDMF MJNJUFE
XBSSBOUZ
'SPOU EJGGFSFOUJBM HFBS PJM 
. (FOVJOF /*44"/ %JGGFSFOUJBM 0JM )ZQPJE 4VQFS (-
8 PS "1* (- 7JTDPTJUZ 4"& 8
. 'PS IPU DMJNBUFT WJTDPTJUZ 4"&  JT TVJUBCMF GPS
BNCJFOU UFNQFSBUVSFT BCPWF 8'8$
3FBS EJGGFSFOUJBM HFBS PJM
727)3 XJUIPVU UPX
JOH QBDLBHF

. (FOVJOF /*44"/ %JGGFSFOUJBM 0JM )ZQPJE 4VQFS (-
8 PS "1* (- 7JTDPTJUZ 4"& 8
. 'PS IPU DMJNBUFT WJTDPTJUZ 4"&  JT TVJUBCMF GPS
BNCJFOU UFNQFSBUVSFT BCPWF 8'8$
727)3 XJUI UPXJOH
QBDLBHF

. "1* (- TZOUIFUJD HFBS PJM 7JTDPTJUZ 4"& 8
. 4FF BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS GPS TFSWJDF GPS TZOUIFUJD PJM
$"1"$*5*&4 "/% 3&$0..&/%&% '-6*%4
-6#3*$"/54
background
$BQBDJUZ "QQSPYJNBUF
3FDPNNFOEFE TQFDJGJDBUJPOT64 NFBTVSF *NQ NFB
TVSF
-JUFS
5SBOTGFS GMVJE 
. (FOVJOF /*44"/ .BUJD + "5'
. 6TJOH USBOTGFS GMVJE PUIFS UIBO (FOVJOF /*44"/ .BUJD +
"5' XJMM DBVTF EFUFSJPSBUJPO JO ESJWFBCJMJUZ BOE USBOTGFS
EVSBCJMJUZ BOE NBZ EBNBHF UIF USBOTGFS XIJDI JT OPU
DPWFSFE CZ UIF */'*/*5* OFX WFIJDMF MJNJUFE XBSSBOUZ
1PXFS TUFFSJOH GMVJE 14'
3FGJMM UP UIF QSPQFS PJM MFWFM BDDPSEJOH UP UIF
JOTUSVDUJPOT JO UIF g .BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJU
ZPVSTFMGu TFDUJPO
. (FOVJOF /*44"/ 14' PS FRVJWBMFOU
. %&930/
5.
7* UZQF "5' NBZ BMTP CF VTFE
#SBLF GMVJE
(FOVJOF /*44"/ 4VQFS )FBWZ %VUZ #SBLF 'MVJE PS
FRVJWBMFOU %05
 "WBJMBCMF JO NBJOMBOE 64" UISPVHI BO */'*/*5*
SFUBJMFS
.VMUJQVSQPTF HSFBTF 
/-(* /P -JUIJVN TPBQ CBTF
"JS DPOEJUJPOJOH TZTUFN SFGSJHFSBOU 
. )'$B 3B
. 'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO TFF g7FIJDMF JEFOUJGJDBUJPOu
1 GPS BJS DPOEJUJPOFS TQFDJGJDBUJPO MBCFM
"JS DPOEJUJPOJOH TZTUFN MVCSJDBOUT 
. /*44"/ "$ 4ZTUFN 0JM
. 5ZQF 4 PS FYBDU FRVJWBMFOU
8JOEPX XBTIFS GMVJE 
(FOVJOF /*44"/ 8JOETIJFME 8BTIFS $PODFOUSBUF $MFBOFS
"OUJGSFF[F PS FRVJWBMFOU
5FDIOJDBM BOE DPOTVNFS JOGPSNBUJPO 
background
 5FDIOJDBM BOE DPOTVNFS JOGPSNBUJPO
'6&- */'03."5*0/
6TF VOMFBEFE QSFNJVN HBTPMJOF XJUI BO
PDUBOF SBUJOH PG BU MFBTU  ",* "OUJ,OPDL
*OEFY OVNCFS 3FTFBSDI PDUBOF OVNCFS

*G VOMFBEFE QSFNJVN HBTPMJOF JT OPU BWBJM
BCMF VOMFBEFE SFHVMBS HBTPMJOF XJUI BO
PDUBOF SBUJOH PG BU MFBTU  ",* OVNCFS
3FTFBSDI PDUBOF OVNCFS  NBZ CF
UFNQPSBSJMZ VTFE CVU POMZ VOEFS UIF
GPMMPXJOH QSFDBVUJPOT
. )BWF UIF GVFM UBOL GJMMFE POMZ QBSUJBMMZ
XJUI VOMFBEFE SFHVMBS HBTPMJOF BOE GJMM
VQ XJUI VOMFBEFE QSFNJVN HBTPMJOF BT
TPPO BT QPTTJCMF
. "WPJE GVMM UISPUUMF ESJWJOH BOE BCSVQU
BDDFMFSBUJPO
6TF VOMFBEFE QSFNJVN HBTPMJOF GPS NBY
JNVN WFIJDMF QFSGPSNBODF
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. 6TJOH B GVFM PUIFS UIBO UIBU TQFDJGJFE
DPVME BEWFSTFMZ BGGFDU UIF FNJTTJPO
DPOUSPM TZTUFN BOE NBZ BMTP BGGFDU
XBSSBOUZ DPWFSBHF
. 6OEFS OP DJSDVNTUBODFT TIPVME B MFBEFE
HBTPMJOF CF VTFE CFDBVTF UIJT XJMM
EBNBHF UIF UISFFXBZ DBUBMZTU
. %P OPU VTF & PS & GVFM JO ZPVS
WFIJDMF :PVS WFIJDMF JT OPU EFTJHOFE UP
SVO PO & PS & GVFM 6TJOH & PS &
 GVFM JO B WFIJDMF OPU TQFDJGJDBMMZ
EFTJHOFE GPS & PS & GVFM DBO
BEWFSTFMZ BGGFDU UIF FNJTTJPO DPOUSPM
EFWJDFT BOE TZTUFNT PG UIF WFIJDMF
%BNBHF DBVTFE CZ TVDI GVFM JT OPU
DPWFSFE CZ UIF */'*/*5* OFX WFIJDMF
MJNJUFE XBSSBOUZ
. 64 HPWFSONFOU SFHVMBUJPOT SFRVJSF
FUIBOPM EJTQFOTJOH QVNQT UP CF JEFOUJ
GJFE CZ B TNBMM TRVBSF PSBOHF BOE CMBDL
MBCFM XJUI UIF DPNNPO BCCSFWJBUJPO PS
UIF BQQSPQSJBUF QFSDFOUBHF GPS UIBU
SFHJPO
(BTPMJOF TQFDJGJDBUJPOT
*/'*/*5* SFDPNNFOET VTJOH HBTPMJOF UIBU
NFFUT UIF 8PSME8JEF 'VFM $IBSUFS 88'$
TQFDJGJDBUJPOT XIFSF JU JT BWBJMBCMF .BOZ
PG UIF BVUPNPCJMF NBOVGBDUVSFST EFWFM
PQFE UIJT TQFDJGJDBUJPO UP JNQSPWF FNJT
TJPO TZTUFN BOE WFIJDMF QFSGPSNBODF "TL
ZPVS TFSWJDF TUBUJPO NBOBHFS JG UIF HBTP
MJOF NFFUT UIF 8PSME8JEF 'VFM $IBSUFS
88'$ TQFDJGJDBUJPOT
3FGPSNVMBUFE HBTPMJOF
4PNF GVFM TVQQMJFST BSF OPX QSPEVDJOH
SFGPSNVMBUFE HBTPMJOFT 5IFTF HBTPMJOFT
BSF TQFDJBMMZ EFTJHOFE UP SFEVDF WFIJDMF
FNJTTJPOT */'*/*5* TVQQPSUT FGGPSUT UP
XBSET DMFBOFS BJS BOE TVHHFTUT UIBU ZPV
VTF SFGPSNVMBUFE HBTPMJOF XIFO BWBJMBCMF
(BTPMJOF DPOUBJOJOH PYZHFOBUFT
4PNF GVFM TVQQMJFST TFMM HBTPMJOF DPOUBJO
JOH PYZHFOBUFT TVDI BT FUIBOPM .5#& BOE
NFUIBOPM XJUI PS XJUIPVU BEWFSUJTJOH UIFJS
QSFTFODF */'*/*5* EPFT OPU SFDPNNFOE UIF
VTF PG GVFMT PG XIJDI UIF PYZHFOBUF DPOUFOU
BOE UIF GVFM DPNQBUJCJMJUZ GPS ZPVS */'*/*5*
DBOOPU CF SFBEJMZ EFUFSNJOFE *G JO EPVCU
BTL ZPVS TFSWJDF TUBUJPO NBOBHFS
*G ZPV VTF PYZHFOBUFCMFOE HBTPMJOF
QMFBTF UBLF UIF GPMMPXJOH QSFDBVUJPOT BT
UIF VTBHF PG TVDI GVFMT NBZ DBVTF WFIJDMF
QFSGPSNBODF QSPCMFNT BOEPS GVFM TZTUFN
EBNBHF
. 5IF GVFM TIPVME CF VOMFBEFE BOE IBWF
BO PDUBOF SBUJOH OP MPXFS UIBO UIBU
SFDPNNFOEFE GPS VOMFBEFE HBTPMJOF
. *G BO PYZHFOBUFCMFOE FYDFQUJOH B
NFUIBOPM CMFOE JT VTFE JU TIPVME
DPOUBJO OP NPSF UIBO  PYZHFOBUF
.5#& NBZ IPXFWFS CF BEEFE VQ UP
background

. & GVFM DPOUBJOT NPSF UIBO 
PYZHFOBUF & GVFM XJMM BEWFSTFMZ
BGGFDU UIF FNJTTJPO DPOUSPM EFWJDFT
BOE TZTUFNT PG UIF WFIJDMF BOE TIPVME
OPU CF VTFE %BNBHF DBVTFE CZ TVDI
GVFM JT OPU DPWFSFE CZ UIF */'*/*5* OFX
WFIJDMF MJNJUFE XBSSBOUZ
. *G B NFUIBOPM CMFOE JT VTFE JU TIPVME
DPOUBJO OP NPSF UIBO  NFUIBOPM
NFUIZM BMDPIPM XPPE BMDPIPM *U
TIPVME BMTP DPOUBJO B TVJUBCMF BNPVOU
PG BQQSPQSJBUF DPTPMWFOUT BOE DPSSP
TJPO JOIJCJUPST *G OPU QSPQFSMZ GPSNV
MBUFE XJUI BQQSPQSJBUF DPTPMWFOUT BOE
DPSSPTJPO JOIJCJUPST TVDI NFUIBOPM
CMFOET NBZ DBVTF GVFM TZTUFN EBNBHF
BOEPS WFIJDMF QFSGPSNBODF QSPCMFNT
"U UIJT UJNF TVGGJDJFOU EBUB JT OPU
BWBJMBCMF UP FOTVSF UIBU BMM NFUIBOPM
CMFOET BSF TVJUBCMF GPS VTF JO */'*/*5*
WFIJDMFT
*G BOZ VOEFTJSBCMF ESJWFBCJMJUZ QSPCMFNT
TVDI BT FOHJOF TUBMMJOH PS IBSE IPU TUBSUJOH
BSF FYQFSJFODFE BGUFS VTJOH PYZHFOBUF
CMFOE GVFMT JNNFEJBUFMZ DIBOHF UP B OPO
PYZHFOBUF GVFM PS B GVFM XJUI B MPX CMFOE PG
.5#&
5BLF DBSF OPU UP TQJMM HBTPMJOF EVSJOH
SFGVFMJOH (BTPMJOF DPOUBJOJOH PYZHFOBUFT
DBO DBVTF QBJOU EBNBHF
& GVFM
& GVFM JT B NJYUVSF PG BQQSPYJNBUFMZ
 GVFM FUIBOPM BOE  VOMFBEFE
HBTPMJOF & DBO POMZ CF VTFE JO WFIJDMFT
EFTJHOFE UP SVO PO & GVFM %P OPU VTF &
 JO ZPVS WFIJDMF 64 HPWFSONFOU SFH
VMBUJPOT SFRVJSF GVFM FUIBOPM EJTQFOTJOH
QVNQT UP CF JEFOUJGJFE XJUI TNBMM TRVBSF
PSBOHF BOE CMBDL MBCFM XJUI UIF DPNNPO
BCCSFWJBUJPO PS UIF BQQSPQSJBUF QFSDFOUBHF
GPS UIBU SFHJPO
& GVFM
& GVFM JT B NJYUVSF PG BQQSPYJNBUFMZ
 GVFM FUIBOPM BOE  VOMFBEFE
HBTPMJOF & DBO POMZ CF VTFE JO B
'MFYJCMF 'VFM 7FIJDMF ''7 %P OPU VTF &
 GVFM JO ZPVS WFIJDMF 64 HPWFSONFOU
SFHVMBUJPOT SFRVJSF GVFM FUIBOPM EJTQFOTJOH
QVNQT UP CF JEFOUJGJFE CZ B TNBMM TRVBSF
PSBOHF BOE CMBDL MBCFM XJUI UIF DPNNPO
BCCSFWJBUJPO PS UIF BQQSPQSJBUF QFSDFOUBHF
GPS UIBU SFHJPO
"GUFSNBSLFU GVFM BEEJUJWFT
*/'*/*5* EPFT OPU SFDPNNFOE UIF VTF PG
BOZ BGUFSNBSLFU GVFM BEEJUJWFT &YBNQMF
GVFM JOKFDUPS DMFBOFS PDUBOF CPPTUFS JO
UBLF WBMWF EFQPTJU SFNPWFST FUD XIJDI
BSF TPME DPNNFSDJBMMZ .BOZ PG UIFTF
BEEJUJWFT JOUFOEFE GPS HVN WBSOJTI PS
EFQPTJU SFNPWBM NBZ DPOUBJO BDUJWF TPMWFOU
PS TJNJMBS JOHSFEJFOUT UIBU DBO CF IBSNGVM
UP UIF GVFM TZTUFN BOE FOHJOF
0DUBOF SBUJOH UJQT
6TJOH VOMFBEFE HBTPMJOF XJUI BO PDUBOF
SBUJOH MPXFS UIBO SFDPNNFOEFE BCPWF DBO
DBVTF QFSTJTUFOU IFBWZ TQBSL LOPDL
4QBSL LOPDL JT B NFUBMMJD SBQQJOH OPJTF
*G TFWFSF UIJT DBO MFBE UP FOHJOF EBNBHF
*G ZPV EFUFDU B QFSTJTUFOU IFBWZ TQBSL
LOPDL FWFO XIFO VTJOH HBTPMJOF PG UIF
TUBUFE PDUBOF SBUJOH PS JG ZPV IFBS TUFBEZ
TQBSL LOPDL XIJMF IPMEJOH B TUFBEZ TQFFE
PO MFWFM SPBET IBWF BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
DPSSFDU UIF DPOEJUJPO 'BJMVSF UP DPSSFDU UIF
DPOEJUJPO JT NJTVTF PG UIF WFIJDMF GPS
XIJDI */'*/*5* JT OPU SFTQPOTJCMF
*ODPSSFDU JHOJUJPO UJNJOH XJMM SFTVMU JO
LOPDLJOH BGUFSSVO PS PWFSIFBUJOH 5IJT JO
UVSO NBZ DBVTF FYDFTTJWF GVFM DPOTVNQUJPO
PS EBNBHF UP UIF FOHJOF *G BOZ PG UIF
5FDIOJDBM BOE DPOTVNFS JOGPSNBUJPO 
background
 5FDIOJDBM BOE DPOTVNFS JOGPSNBUJPO
BCPWF TZNQUPNT BSF FODPVOUFSFE IBWF
ZPVS WFIJDMF DIFDLFE BU BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
PS PUIFS DPNQFUFOU TFSWJDF GBDJMJUZ
)PXFWFS OPX BOE UIFO ZPV NBZ OPUJDF
MJHIU TQBSL LOPDL GPS B TIPSU UJNF XIJMF
BDDFMFSBUJOH PS ESJWJOH VQ IJMMT 5IJT JT OP
DBVTF GPS DPODFSO CFDBVTF ZPV HFU UIF
HSFBUFTU GVFM CFOFGJU XIFO UIFSF JT MJHIU
TQBSL LOPDL GPS B TIPSU UJNF VOEFS IFBWZ
FOHJOF MPBE
+759
 "1* DFSUJGJDBUJPO NBSL
 "1* TFSWJDF TZNCPM
&/(*/& 0*- "/% 0*- '*-5&3 3&
$0..&/%"5*0/
4FMFDUJOH UIF DPSSFDU PJM
*U JT FTTFOUJBM UP DIPPTF UIF DPSSFDU HSBEF
RVBMJUZ BOE WJTDPTJUZ FOHJOF PJM UP FOTVSF
TBUJTGBDUPSZ FOHJOF MJGF BOE QFSGPSNBODF
TFF g$BQBDJUJFT BOE SFDPNNFOEFE GMVJET
MVCSJDBOUTu 1 */'*/*5* SFDPNNFOET
UIF VTF PG BO FOFSHZ DPOTFSWJOH PJM JO PSEFS
UP JNQSPWF GVFM FDPOPNZ
4FMFDU POMZ FOHJOF PJMT UIBU NFFU UIF
"NFSJDBO 1FUSPMFVN *OTUJUVUF "1* DFSUJGJ
DBUJPO PS *OUFSOBUJPOBM -VCSJDBOU 4UBOEBS
EJ[BUJPO BOE "QQSPWBM $PNNJUUFF *-4"$
DFSUJGJDBUJPO BOE 4"& WJTDPTJUZ TUBOEBSE
5IFTF PJMT IBWF UIF "1* DFSUJGJDBUJPO NBSL
PO UIF GSPOU PG UIF DPOUBJOFS 0JMT XIJDI EP
OPU IBWF UIF TQFDJGJFE RVBMJUZ MBCFM TIPVME
OPU CF VTFE BT UIFZ DPVME DBVTF FOHJOF
EBNBHF
0JM BEEJUJWFT
*/'*/*5* EPFT OPU SFDPNNFOE UIF VTF PG PJM
BEEJUJWFT 5IF VTF PG BO PJM BEEJUJWF JT OPU
OFDFTTBSZ XIFO UIF QSPQFS PJM UZQF JT VTFE
BOE NBJOUFOBODF JOUFSWBMT BSF GPMMPXFE
background
0JM XIJDI NBZ DPOUBJO GPSFJHO NBUUFS PS
IBT CFFO QSFWJPVTMZ VTFE TIPVME OPU CF
VTFE
0JM WJTDPTJUZ
5IF FOHJOF PJM WJTDPTJUZ PS UIJDLOFTT
DIBOHFT XJUI UFNQFSBUVSF #FDBVTF PG UIJT
JU JT JNQPSUBOU UIBU UIF FOHJOF PJM WJTDPTJUZ
CF TFMFDUFE CBTFE PO UIF UFNQFSBUVSFT BU
XIJDI UIF WFIJDMF XJMM CF PQFSBUFE CFGPSF
UIF OFYU PJM DIBOHF $IPPTJOH BO PJM
WJTDPTJUZ PUIFS UIBO UIBU SFDPNNFOEFE
DPVME DBVTF TFSJPVT FOHJOF EBNBHF
4FMFDUJOH UIF DPSSFDU PJM GJMUFS
:PVS OFX WFIJDMF JT FRVJQQFE XJUI B IJHI
RVBMJUZ HFOVJOF /*44"/ PJM GJMUFS 8IFO
SFQMBDJOH VTF UIF HFOVJOF PJM GJMUFS PS JUT
FRVJWBMFOU GPS UIF SFBTPO EFTDSJCFE JO
DIBOHF JOUFSWBMT
$IBOHF JOUFSWBMT
5IF PJM BOE PJM GJMUFS DIBOHF JOUFSWBMT GPS
ZPVS FOHJOF BSF CBTFE PO UIF VTF PG UIF
TQFDJGJFE RVBMJUZ PJMT BOE GJMUFST 0JM BOE
GJMUFS PUIFS UIBO UIF TQFDJGJFE RVBMJUZ PS PJM
BOE GJMUFS DIBOHF JOUFSWBMT MPOHFS UIBO
SFDPNNFOEFE DPVME SFEVDF FOHJOF MJGF
%BNBHF UP FOHJOFT DBVTFE CZ JNQSPQFS
NBJOUFOBODF PS VTF PG JODPSSFDU PJM BOE
GJMUFS RVBMJUZ BOEPS WJTDPTJUZ JT OPU DPWFSFE
CZ UIF OFX */'*/*5* WFIJDMF MJNJUFE XBSSBO
UJFT
:PVS FOHJOF XBT GJMMFE XJUI B IJHI RVBMJUZ
FOHJOF PJM XIFO JU XBT CVJMU :PV EP OPU
IBWF UP DIBOHF UIF PJM CFGPSF UIF GJSTU
SFDPNNFOEFE DIBOHF JOUFSWBM 0JM BOE
GJMUFS DIBOHF JOUFSWBMT EFQFOE VQPO IPX
ZPV VTF ZPVS WFIJDMF 0QFSBUJPO VOEFS UIF
GPMMPXJOH DPOEJUJPOT NBZ SFRVJSF NPSF
GSFRVFOU PJM BOE GJMUFS DIBOHFT
. SFQFBUFE TIPSU EJTUBODF ESJWJOH BU DPME
PVUTJEF UFNQFSBUVSFT
. ESJWJOH JO EVTUZ DPOEJUJPOT
. FYUFOTJWF JEMJOH
. UPXJOH B USBJMFS
. TUPQ BOE HP gSVTI IPVSu USBGGJD
3FGFS UP UIF g*/'*/*5* 4FSWJDF BOE .BJO
UFOBODF (VJEFu GPS UIF NBJOUFOBODF TDIF
EVMF
"*3 $0/%*5*0/*/( 4:45&. 3&
'3*(&3"/5 "/% -6#3*$"/5 3&
$0..&/%"5*0/4
5IF BJS DPOEJUJPOJOH TZTUFN JO ZPVS
*/'*/*5* WFIJDMF NVTU CF DIBSHFE XJUI UIF
SFGSJHFSBOU )'$B 3B BOE UIF
MVCSJDBOU /*44"/ "$ TZTUFN PJM 5ZQF 4
PS UIF FYBDU FRVJWBMFOUT
$"65*0/
5IF VTF PG BOZ PUIFS SFGSJHFSBOU PS MVCSJDBOU
XJMM DBVTF TFWFSF EBNBHF UP UIF BJS DPO
EJUJPOJOH TZTUFN BOE XJMM SFRVJSF UIF SFQMB
DFNFOU PG BMM BJS DPOEJUJPOFS TZTUFN
DPNQPOFOUT
5IF SFGSJHFSBOU )'$B 3B JO ZPVS
*/'*/*5* WFIJDMF XJMM OPU IBSN UIF FBSUIT
P[POF MBZFS "MUIPVHI UIJT SFGSJHFSBOU EPFT
OPU BGGFDU UIF FBSUIT BUNPTQIFSF DFSUBJO
HPWFSONFOUBM SFHVMBUJPOT SFRVJSF UIF SF
DPWFSZ BOE SFDZDMJOH PG BOZ SFGSJHFSBOU
EVSJOH BVUPNPUJWF BJS DPOEJUJPOJOH TZTUFN
TFSWJDF :PVS */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS IBT UIF
USBJOFE UFDIOJDJBOT BOE FRVJQNFOU OFFEFE
UP SFDPWFS BOE SFDZDMF ZPVS BJS DPOEJUJPOJOH
TZTUFN SFGSJHFSBOU
5FDIOJDBM BOE DPOTVNFS JOGPSNBUJPO 
background
 5FDIOJDBM BOE DPOTVNFS JOGPSNBUJPO
$POUBDU BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS XIFO TFSWJDJOH
ZPVS BJS DPOEJUJPOJOH TZTUFN
&/(*/&
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5ZQF (BTPMJOF DZDMF
$ZMJOEFS BSSBOHFNFOU
DZMJOEFS 7TMBOUFE BU 8
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%JTQMBDFNFOU DV JO DN
 
'JSJOH PSEFS 
*EMF TQFFE SQN
4FF UIF FNJTTJPO DPOUSPM JOGPSNBUJPO MBCFM PO
UIF VOEFSTJEF PG UIF IPPE
*HOJUJPO UJNJOH
#5%$
EFHSFFSQN
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4QBSL QMVH HBQ /PSNBM
JO NN  
$BNTIBGU PQFSBUJPO 5JNJOH DIBJO
5IJT TQBSL JHOJUJPO TZTUFN DPNQMJFT XJUI UIF $BOBEJBO TUBOEBSE *$&4
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45*
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5ZQF 4J[F 0GGTFU JO NN
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 6 +
 6 +
4QBSF
 6 5  
5JSF
5ZQF 4J[F 1SFTTVSF 14* L1B <$PME>
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13
13
4QBSF 5UZQF
5%  
5FDIOJDBM BOE DPOTVNFS JOGPSNBUJPO 
background
 5FDIOJDBM BOE DPOTVNFS JOGPSNBUJPO
%*.&/4*0/4
0WFSBMM MFOHUI 8JUI GSPOU MJDFOTF QMBUF JO NN  
0WFSBMM XJEUI JO NN  
0WFSBMM IFJHIU
JO NN  
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3FBS USFBE
JO NN  
8IFFMCBTF JO NN  
 .PEFM XJUIPVU SPPG SBDL
 .PEFM XJUI SPPG SBDL
background
*G ZPV QMBO UP USBWFM JO BOPUIFS DPVOUSZ ZPV
TIPVME GJSTU GJOE PVU JG UIF GVFM BWBJMBCMF JT
TVJUBCMF GPS ZPVS WFIJDMFT FOHJOF
6TJOH GVFM XJUI UPP MPX BO PDUBOF SBUJOH
NBZ DBVTF FOHJOF EBNBHF "MM HBTPMJOF
WFIJDMFT NVTU CF PQFSBUFE XJUI VOMFBEFE
HBTPMJOF 5IFSFGPSF BWPJE UBLJOH ZPVS
WFIJDMF UP BSFBT XIFSF BQQSPQSJBUF GVFM JT
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*OUFSJPS BQQFBSBODF DBSF  
"SNSFTU  
"SPVOE 7JFX .POJUPS "7.  
"VEJCMF SFNJOEFST  
"VEJP PQFSBUJPO QSFDBVUJPOT  
"VEJP TZTUFN  
4UFFSJOH XIFFM BVEJP DPOUSPMT 
"VUP DMPTVSF  
"VUPMJHIU TZTUFN 
"VUPNBUJD
"VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO GMVJE "5'  
$MJNBUF DPOUSPM   
%PPS MPDLT  
%SJWF QPTJUJPOFS  
%SJWJOH XJUI BVUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO  
.PPOSPPG 
4FBU QPTJUJPOFS  
"WFSBHF GVFM DPOTVNQUJPO BOE TQFFE 
"WPJEJOH DPMMJTJPO BOE SPMMPWFS  
#
#BDL EPPS 4FF MJGU HBUF  
#BUUFSZ 
#BUUFSZ TBWFS TZTUFN  
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ 
7BSJBCMF WPMUBHF DPOUSPM TZTUFN  
#FGPSF TUBSUJOH UIF FOHJOF  
#FMUT 4FF ESJWF CFMUT 
#MVFUPPUI
Ë
IBOETGSFF QIPOF TZTUFN
NPEFMT XJUI OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN  
#MVFUPPUI
Ë
IBOETGSFF QIPOF TZTUFN
NPEFMT XJUIPVU OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN  
#MVFUPPUI TUSFBNJOH BVEJP   
#PPTUFS TFBUT  
#SBLF
"OUJMPDL #SBLJOH 4ZTUFN "#4 
#SBLF GMVJE  
#SBLF TZTUFN  
1BSLJOH CSBLF PQFSBUJPO 
8BSOJOH MJHIU  
#SFBLJO TDIFEVMF  
#SJHIUOFTT DPOUSPM
%JTQMBZ 0/0'' CVUUPO  
*OTUSVNFOU QBOFM  
#VMC DIFDLJOTUSVNFOU QBOFM  
#VMC SFQMBDFNFOU 
$
$BCJO BJS GJMUFS 
$BQBDJUJFT BOE SFDPNNFOEFE GMVJETMVCSJDBOUT  
$BS QIPOF PS $# SBEJP  
$BSHP 4FF WFIJDMF MPBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO  
$BSHP DPWFS  
$BSHP MJHIU 
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
$BSHP OFU 
$BUBMZUJD DPOWFSUFS 5ISFF XBZ DBUBMZTU  
$%$'64# NFNPSZ DBSF BOE DMFBOJOH 
$FOUFS NVMUJGVODUJPO DPOUSPM QBOFM  
$IJME SFTUSBJOUT  
#PPTUFS TFBUT  
-"5$) TZTUFN  
1SFDBVUJPOT PO DIJME SFTUSBJOUT 
$IJME TBGFUZ  
$IJME TBGFUZ SFBS EPPS MPDL  
$IJNFT
"VEJCMF SFNJOEFST  
4FBU CFMU XBSOJOH MJHIU BOE DIJNF 
$JSDVJU CSFBLFS 'VTJCMF MJOL  
$MFBOJOH FYUFSJPS BOE JOUFSJPS  
$MJNBUF DPOUSPM
"VUPNBUJD DMJNBUF DPOUSPM   
$MPDL  
$PBU IPPLT  
$PDLQJU  
$PME XFBUIFS ESJWJOH 
$PNQBDU %JTD $% QMBZFS 4FF BVEJP TZTUFN 
$PNQBDU TQBSF UJSF  
$PNQBTT 
$POTPMF CPY 
$POUSPMMFS $FOUFS NVMUJGVODUJPO DPOUSPM QBOFM  
$POUSPMT
$POUSPM QBOFM CVUUPO 
*/'*/*5* $POUSPMMFS  
$PPMBOU
$BQBDJUJFT BOE
SFDPNNFOEFE GMVJETMVCSJDBOUT 
$IBOHJOH FOHJOF DPPMBOU  
$IFDLJOH FOHJOF DPPMBOU MFWFM 
$PSSPTJPO QSPUFDUJPO  
$PWFS $BSHP DPWFS  
$SVJTF DPOUSPM  
'JYFE TQFFE DSVJTF DPOUSPM PO *$$ TZTUFN 
$VQ IPMEFST  
$VSSFOU GVFM DPOTVNQUJPO 
%
%BZUJNF SVOOJOH MJHIU TZTUFN  
%FGSPTUFS TXJUDI 3FBS XJOEPX BOE PVUTJEF
NJSSPS EFGSPTUFS TXJUDI  
%JNFOTJPOT 
%JTUBODF $POUSPM "TTJTU %$" TZTUFN  
%JTUBODF $POUSPM "TTJTU %$" TZTUFN
XBSOJOH MJHIU  
%JTUBODF UP FNQUZ 
%PPSMJGU HBUF PQFO XBSOJOH  
%SJWF CFMUT  
%SJWF QPTJUJPOFS  
%SJWJOH
"MMXIFFM ESJWF "8% 
$PME XFBUIFS ESJWJOH 
%SJWJOH XJUI BVUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO  
0OQBWFNFOU BOE PGGSPBE ESJWJOH  
1SFDBVUJPOT XIFO TUBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH  
4BGFUZ QSFDBVUJPOT  
%4 %SJWF 4QPSU NPEF  
%7% QMBZFS PQFSBUJPO  
&
&DPOPNZ 'VFM 
&MBQTFE UJNF 
&MBQTFE UJNF BOE USJQ PEPNFUFS  
&NJTTJPO DPOUSPM JOGPSNBUJPO MBCFM  
&NJTTJPO DPOUSPM TZTUFN XBSSBOUZ  
&OHJOF
#FGPSF TUBSUJOH UIF FOHJOF  
#SFBLJO TDIFEVMF  
$BQBDJUJFT BOE
SFDPNNFOEFE GMVJETMVCSJDBOUT 
$IBOHJOH FOHJOF DPPMBOU  
$IBOHJOH FOHJOF PJM BOE GJMUFS  
$IFDLJOH FOHJOF DPPMBOU MFWFM 
$IFDLJOH FOHJOF PJM MFWFM  
$PPMBOU UFNQFSBUVSF HBVHF 
&NFSHFODZ FOHJOF TIVU PGG 
&OHJOF CMPDL IFBUFS  
&OHJOF DPNQBSUNFOU DIFDL MPDBUJPOT  
&OHJOF DPPMJOH TZTUFN  
&OHJOF PJM  
&OHJOF PJM BOE PJM GJMUFS SFDPNNFOEBUJPO  
&OHJOF PJM SFQMBDFNFOU JOEJDBUPS  
&OHJOF PJM WJTDPTJUZ  
&OHJOF TFSJBM OVNCFS  
&OHJOF TQFDJGJDBUJPOT  
&OHJOF TUBSU PQFSBUJPO JOEJDBUPS 
*G ZPVS WFIJDMF PWFSIFBUT 
background
4UBSUJOH UIF FOHJOF  
&OUSZFYJU GVODUJPO "VUPNBUJD
ESJWF QPTJUJPOFS  
&WFOU %BUB 3FDPSEFST &%3  
&YIBVTU HBT DBSCPO NPOPYJEF  
'
'.744$.744 DFSUJGJDBUJPO MBCFM  
'JMUFS
"JS DMFBOFS IPVTJOH GJMUFS 
$IBOHJOH FOHJOF PJM BOE GJMUFS  
'MBTIFST 4FF IB[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFS TXJUDI  
'MBU UJSF  
'MBU UPXJOH 
'MPPS NBU DMFBOJOH  
'MVJE
"VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO GMVJE "5'  
#SBLF GMVJE  
$BQBDJUJFT BOE
SFDPNNFOEFE GMVJETMVCSJDBOUT 
&OHJOF DPPMBOU  
&OHJOF PJM  
1PXFS TUFFSJOH GMVJE 
8JOEPX XBTIFS GMVJE  
'.".4"5 SBEJP XJUI $PNQBDU %JTD
$% QMBZFS 
'PH MJHIU TXJUDI  
'PSXBSE $PMMJTJPO 8BSOJOH '$8 TZTUFN  
'SPOU QBTTFOHFS BJS CBH BOE TUBUVT MJHIU  
'SPOU QPXFS TFBU BEKVTUNFOU 
'SPOU TFBU 'SPOU TFBU BEKVTUNFOU 
'SPOUTFBU BDUJWF IFBE SFTUSBJOU 
'VFM
$BQBDJUJFT BOE
SFDPNNFOEFE GMVJETMVCSJDBOUT 
'VFM FDPOPNZ 
'VFM FDPOPNZ JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ  
'VFM JOGPSNBUJPO 
'VFM PDUBOF SBUJOH  
'VFMGJMMFS DBQ 
'VFMGJMMFS EPPS  
(BVHF 
-004& '6&- $"1 XBSOJOH  
'VFM &GGJDJFOU %SJWJOH 5JQT  
'VTFT 
'VTJCMF MJOLT  
(
(BSBHF EPPS PQFOFS )PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJWFSTBM 5SBOTDFJWFS  
(BT DBQ  
(BVHF
&OHJOF DPPMBOU UFNQFSBUVSF HBVHF  
'VFM HBVHF  
0EPNFUFS  
4QFFEPNFUFS  
5BDIPNFUFS  
5SJQ DPNQVUFS  
(FOFSBM NBJOUFOBODF  
(MPWF CPY  
)
)BOETGSFF QIPOF TZTUFN #MVFUPPUI
Ë
NPEFMT XJUI OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN  
)BOETGSFF QIPOF TZTUFN #MVFUPPUI
Ë
NPEFMT XJUIPVU OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN  
)B[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFS TXJUDI  
)FBE SFTUSBJOUTIFBESFTUT  
)FBEMJHIU BJNJOH DPOUSPM  
)FBEMJHIUT
"JNJOH DPOUSPM 4FF BEBQUJWF GSPOU MJHIUJOH
TZTUFN "'4  
#VMC SFQMBDFNFOU 
)FBEMJHIU TXJUDI  
9FOPO IFBEMJHIUT 
)FBUFS
"VUPNBUJD DMJNBUF DPOUSPM   
&OHJOF CMPDL IFBUFS  
)PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJWFSTBM 5SBOTDFJWFS 
)PPE SFMFBTF  
)PPL
$PBU IPPLT  
-VHHBHF IPPL 
)PSO  
*
*HOJUJPO TXJUDI 1VTICVUUPO  
*NNPCJMJ[FS TZTUFN 
*ODBCJO NJDSPGJMUFS 
*OEJDBUPS
-JHIUT  

background

7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ 
*/'*/*5* 7FIJDMF *NNPCJMJ[FS 4ZTUFN  
*/'*/*5* WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFN  
*/'0 CVUUPO  
*OTJEF NJSSPS  
*OTQFDUJPONBJOUFOBODF *. UFTU  
*OTUSVNFOU CSJHIUOFTT DPOUSPM  
*OTUSVNFOU QBOFM  
*OUFMMJHFOU #SBLF "TTJTU *#" PGG JOEJDBUPS MJHIU  
*OUFMMJHFOU #SBLF "TTJTU *#" TZTUFN  
*OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$ TZTUFN 'VMM
4QFFE 3BOHF  
*OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$ TZTUFN
XBSOJOH MJHIU  
*OUFMMJHFOU DSVJTF DPOUSPM *$$ TZTUFN
1SFWJFX GVODUJPO  
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ 
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ CBUUFSZ EJTDIBSHF JOEJDBUPS  
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JOTFSUJPO JOEJDBUPS 
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ SFNPWBM JOEJDBUPS  
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN 
#BUUFSZ SFQMBDFNFOU 
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XBSOJOH MJHIU  
,FZ PQFSBUJOH SBOHF 
,FZ PQFSBUJPO  
8BSOJOH TJHOBMT  
*OUFSJPS MJHIU DPOUSPM TXJUDI  
*OUFSJPS MJHIU SFQMBDFNFOU 
*OUFSJPS MJHIUT  
J1PE
Ë
QMBZFS PQFSBUJPO  
*40'*9 DIJME SFTUSBJOU  
+
+VNQ TUBSUJOH  
,
,FZMFTT FOUSZ 4FF SFNPUF LFZMFTT
FOUSZ TZTUFN 
,FZT  
'PS *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN  
-
-BCFMT
"JS CBH XBSOJOH MBCFMT  
"JS DPOEJUJPOFS TQFDJGJDBUJPO MBCFM  
&NJTTJPO DPOUSPM JOGPSNBUJPO MBCFM  
&OHJOF TFSJBM OVNCFS  
'.744$.744 DFSUJGJDBUJPO MBCFM  
5JSF BOE -PBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO MBCFM  
7FIJDMF JEFOUJGJDBUJPO OVNCFS 7*/  
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 1SFWFOUJPO -%1 TZTUFN  
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 8BSOJOH -%8 JOEJDBUPS
HSFFO MJHIU 
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 8BSOJOH -%8 JOEJDBUPS
PSBOHF MJHIU  
-BOF EFQBSUVSF XBSOJOH -%8 TZTUFN  
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 8BSOJOH -%8 TZTUFN-BOF
%FQBSUVSF 1SFWFOUJPO -%1 TZTUFN  
-BOF EFQBSUVSF XBSOJOH DIJNF  
-"5$) TZTUFN  
-JDFOTF QMBUF *OTUBMMJOH GSPOU MJDFOTF QMBUF  
-JGU HBUF  
-JHIU
"JS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU  
#VMC SFQMBDFNFOU 
$BSHP MJHIU 
'PH MJHIU TXJUDI  
)FBEMJHIU TXJUDI  
)FBEMJHIUT CVMC SFQMBDFNFOU  
*OEJDBUPS MJHIUT  
*OUFSJPS MJHIU DPOUSPM TXJUDI  
*OUFSJPS MJHIUT  
.BQ MJHIUT  
1FSTPOBM MJHIUT 
3FQMBDFNFOU 
7BOJUZ NJSSPS MJHIUT  
8BSOJOHJOEJDBUPS MJHIUT BOE
BVEJCMF SFNJOEFST 
9FOPO IFBEMJHIUT 
-JHIUT &YUFSJPS BOE JOUFSJPS MJHIU SFQMBDFNFOU  
-PBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO 4FF WFIJDMF
MPBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO  
-PDL
"VUPNBUJD EPPS MPDLT  
%PPS MPDLT  
-JGU HBUF MPDL 
1PXFS EPPS MPDL 
-PDLJOH XJUI NFDIBOJDBM LFZ 
-PX GVFM XBSOJOH  
-PX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH MJHIU 
background
-PX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH TZTUFN
4FF UJSF QSFTTVSF NPOJUPSJOH TZTUFN 51.4  
-PX XBTIFS GMVJE XBSOJOH  
-VHHBHF IPPLT  
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.BJOUFOBODF
#BUUFSZ 
(FOFSBM NBJOUFOBODF  
*OEJDBUPST GPS NBJOUFOBODF  
*OTJEF UIF WFIJDMF  
.BJOUFOBODF QSFDBVUJPOT  
.BJOUFOBODF SFRVJSFNFOUT 
0VUTJEF UIF WFIJDMF 
4FBU CFMU NBJOUFOBODF  
.BMGVODUJPO JOEJDBUPS MJHIU .*-  
.BQ MJHIUT  
.BTUFS XBSOJOH MJHIU 
.FDIBOJDBM LFZ *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN  
.FNPSZ TUPSBHF "VUPNBUJD ESJWF QPTJUJPOFS  
.FUFS 5SJQ DPNQVUFS 
.FUFST BOE HBVHFT  
*OTUSVNFOU CSJHIUOFTT DPOUSPM  
.JSSPS
*OTJEF NJSSPS  
0VUTJEF NJSSPST 
7BOJUZ NJSSPS 
.POJUPS 3FBS7JFX .POJUPS 
.PPOSPPG 
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/FU $BSHP OFU  
/FX WFIJDMF CSFBLJO 
/P LFZ XBSOJOH 
0
0EPNFUFS  
0GGSPBE SFDPWFSZ  
0JM
$BQBDJUJFT BOE
SFDPNNFOEFE GMVJETMVCSJDBOUT 
$IBOHJOH FOHJOF PJM BOE GJMUFS  
$IFDLJOH FOHJOF PJM MFWFM  
&OHJOF PJM  
&OHJOF PJM WJTDPTJUZ  
0JM GJMUFS SFQMBDFNFOU JOEJDBUPS 
0QFSBUJPO *OEJDBUPST GPS PQFSBUJPO  
0VUTJEF BJS UFNQFSBUVSF  
0VUTJEF NJSSPST 
0WFSIFBU *G ZPVS WFIJDMF PWFSIFBUT  
0XOFST .BOVBM4FSWJDF .BOVBM
PSEFS JOGPSNBUJPO 
1
1BOJD BMBSN  
1BSLJOH
#SBLF CSFBLJO  
1BSLJOH CSBLF PQFSBUJPO 
1BSLJOH CSBLF SFMFBTF XBSOJOH  
1BSLJOH PO IJMMT  
1FSTPOBM MJHIUT 
1IPOF
#MVFUPPUI
Ë
IBOETGSFF QIPOF TZTUFN
NPEFMT XJUI OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN  
#MVFUPPUI
Ë
IBOETGSFF QIPOF TZTUFN
NPEFMT XJUIPVU OBWJHBUJPO TZTUFN  
$BS QIPOF PS $# SBEJP  
1PXFS
'SPOU TFBU BEKVTUNFOU  
1PXFS EPPS MPDL 
1PXFS PVUMFU  
1PXFS TUFFSJOH GMVJE 
1PXFS TUFFSJOH TZTUFN 
1PXFS XJOEPXT 
1SFDBVUJPOT
"VEJP PQFSBUJPO  
#SBLJOH QSFDBVUJPOT  
$IJME SFTUSBJOUT  
$SVJTF DPOUSPM  
%SJWJOH TBGFUZ 
-BOF EFQBSUVSF XBSOJOH -%8 TZTUFN  
.BJOUFOBODF  
0OQBWFNFOU BOE PGGSPBE ESJWJOH  
4FBU CFMU VTBHF  
4VQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
8IFO TUBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH 
1SFDSBTI TFBU CFMUT XJUI DPNGPSU GVODUJPO  
1SFWJFX GVODUJPO  
1SFWJFX GVODUJPO GPS *OUFMMJHFOU DSVJTF
DPOUSPM TZTUFN  

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
1SFWJFX 'VODUJPO XBSOJOH MJHIU  
1VTI TUBSUJOH  
g164)u XBSOJOH  
1VTICVUUPO JHOJUJPO TXJUDI   
3
3BEJP 
$BS QIPOF PS $# SBEJP  
'.".4"5 SBEJP XJUI $PNQBDU %JTD
$% QMBZFS 
3BJOTFOTJOH BVUP XJQFS TZTUFN 
3BQJE BJS QSFTTVSF MPTT  
3FBEJOFTT GPS JOTQFDUJPONBJOUFOBODF
*. UFTU  
3FBS DFOUFS TFBU CFMU 
3FBS EPPS MPDL $IJME TBGFUZ SFBS EPPS MPDL 
3FBS TFBUT  
3FBS XJOEPX BOE PVUTJEF NJSSPS
EFGSPTUFS TXJUDI 
3FBS XJOEPX XJQFS CMBEFT  
3FBS7JFX .POJUPS  
3FDPSEFST &WFOU EBUB  
3FHJTUFSJOH ZPVS WFIJDMF JO BOPUIFS DPVOUSZ 
3FNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ TZTUFN  
3FQPSUJOH TBGFUZ EFGFDUT  
3PBETJEF BTTJTUBODF QSPHSBN  
3PMMPWFS  
3PPG
.PPOSPPG 
3PPG SBDL  
4
4BGFUZ
$IJME TFBU CFMUT  
5PXJOH TBGFUZ 
4BUFMMJUF SBEJP PQFSBUJPO  
4FBU BEKVTUNFOU
'SPOU QPXFS TFBU BEKVTUNFOU 
'SPOU TFBUT  
4FBU CFMUT
$IJME TBGFUZ  
*OGBOUT  
*OKVSFE QFSTPOT  
-BSHFS DIJMESFO  
1SFDBVUJPOT PO TFBU CFMU VTBHF  
1SFDSBTI TFBU CFMUT XJUI DPNGPSU GVODUJPO 
1SFHOBOU XPNFO  
3FBS DFOUFS TFBU CFMU 
4FBU CFMU DMFBOJOH 
4FBU CFMU FYUFOEFST 
4FBU CFMU NBJOUFOBODF  
4FBU CFMU XBSOJOH MJHIU BOE DIJNF 
4FBU CFMUT  
4FBU CFMUT XJUI QSFUFOTJPOFST  
4IPVMEFS CFMU IFJHIU BEKVTUNFOU 
4NBMM DIJMESFO  
5ISFFQPJOU UZQF  
4FBU TZODISPOJ[BUJPO GVODUJPO  
4FBUT
$MJNBUF DPOUSPMMFE TFBUT  
%SJWFSTJEF NFNPSZ 
)FBUFE TFBUT  
4FBUT  
4FDVSJUZ TZTUFN */'*/*5* 7FIJDMF *NNPCJMJ[FS
4ZTUFN &OHJOF TUBSU 
4FDVSJUZ TZTUFN 7FIJDMF TFDVSJUZ TZTUFN  
4FSWJDJOH DMJNBUF DPOUSPM 
4&55*/( CVUUPO  
4IJGU MFWFS
4IJGU MPDL SFMFBTF 
4IJGU MPDL SFMFBTF
5SBOTNJTTJPO  
4)*'5 g1u XBSOJOH  
4IJGUJOH "VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO  
4IPVMEFS CFMU IFJHIU BEKVTUNFOU 'PS
GSPOU TFBUT  
4OPX NPEF TXJUDI 
4QBSF UJSF  
4QBSL QMVHT  
4QFFEPNFUFS  
4UBSUJOH
#FGPSF TUBSUJOH UIF FOHJOF  
+VNQ TUBSUJOH  
1SFDBVUJPOT XIFO TUBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH  
1VTI TUBSUJOH  
4UBSUJOH UIF FOHJOF  
45"564 CVUUPO  
4UBUVT MJHIU 'SPOU QBTTFOHFS BJS CBH  
4UFFSJOH
1PXFS TUFFSJOH GMVJE 
1PXFS TUFFSJOH TZTUFN 
background
4UFFSJOHXIFFMNPVOUFE DPOUSPMT
GPS BVEJP 
5JMUUFMFTDPQJD TUFFSJOH  
4UPSBHF 
4VO WJTPST  
4VOHMBTTFT IPMEFS  
4VQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MBCFMT  
4VQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU   
4VQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
1SFDBVUJPOT PO TVQQMFNFOUBM
SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
4XJUDI
"VUPMJHIU TXJUDI 
'PH MJHIU TXJUDI  
)B[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFS TXJUDI  
)FBEMJHIU TXJUDI  
*HOJUJPO TXJUDI  
*OUFMMJHFOU #SBLF "TTJTU *#" 0'' TXJUDI  
1PXFS EPPS MPDL TXJUDI  
3FBS XJOEPX BOE PVUTJEF NJSSPS
EFGSPTUFS TXJUDI 
4OPX NPEF TXJUDI 
5VSO TJHOBM TXJUDI  
7FIJDMF EZOBNJD DPOUSPM 7%$ PGG TXJUDI 
8BSOJOH TZTUFNT TXJUDI 
5
5BDIPNFUFS  
5FNQFSBUVSF HBVHF &OHJOF DPPMBOU
UFNQFSBUVSF HBVHF  
5IFGU */'*/*5* 7FIJDMF *NNPCJMJ[FS 4ZTUFN
&OHJOF TUBSU  
5IJHI FYUFOTJPO  
5ISFFXBZ DBUBMZTU  
5JMUUFMFTDPQJD TUFFSJOH  
5JSF
1SFTTVSF -PX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH MJHIU  
5JSF SFQMBDFNFOU JOEJDBUPS 
5JSFT
'MBU UJSF  
-PX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH TZTUFN  
4QBSF UJSF  
5JSF BOE -PBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO MBCFM  
5JSF DIBJOT  
5JSF ESFTTJOH 
5JSF QSFTTVSF  
5JSF QSFTTVSF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ  
5JSF QSFTTVSF NPOJUPSJOH
TZTUFN 51.4   
5JSF SPUBUJPO  
5ZQFT PG UJSFT  
6OJGPSN UJSF RVBMJUZ HSBEJOH  
8IFFMUJSF TJ[F  
8IFFMT BOE UJSFT 
5POOFBV DPWFS TFF DBSHP DPWFS  
5PVDI TDSFFO TZTUFN 
5PXJOH
'MBU UPXJOH 
5PX USVDL UPXJOH 
5PXJOH B USBJMFS 
5PXJOH TBGFUZ 
51.4 5JSF QSFTTVSF NPOJUPSJOH TZTUFN  
51.4 5JSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH TZTUFN  
5SBJMFS UPXJOH 
5SBOTDFJWFS )PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJWFSTBM 5SBOTDFJWFS  
5SBOTNJTTJPO
"VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO GMVJE "5'  
%SJWJOH XJUI BVUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO  
5SBOTNJTTJPO TIJGU MFWFS MPDL SFMFBTF 
5SBOTNJUUFS 4FF SFNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ TZTUFN  
5SBWFMJOH PS SFHJTUFSJOH ZPVS WFIJDMF JO
BOPUIFS DPVOUSZ  
5SJQ DPNQVUFS  
5SJQ PEPNFUFS  
5VSO TJHOBM TXJUDI  
6
6OEFSCPEZ DMFBOJOH  
6OJGPSN UJSF RVBMJUZ HSBEJOH  
64# 6OJWFSTBM 4FSJBM #VT $POOFDUJPO 1PSU 
7
7BOJUZ NJSSPS 
7BOJUZ NJSSPS MJHIUT  
7BSJBCMF WPMUBHF DPOUSPM TZTUFN  
7FIJDMF
%JNFOTJPOT 
*EFOUJGJDBUJPO OVNCFS 7*/  
-PBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO 
3FDPWFSZ GSFFJOH B TUVDL WFIJDMF  
4FDVSJUZ TZTUFN  

background

7FIJDMF EZOBNJD DPOUSPM 7%$ PGG TXJUDI 
7FIJDMF EZOBNJD DPOUSPM 7%$ TZTUFN 
7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO BOE TFUUJOHT EJTQMBZ 
7FIJDMF %ZOBNJD $POUSPM 7%$ XBSOJOH MJHIU  
7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ 
7FOUJMBUPST  
7PJDF DPNNBOE #MVFUPPUI
Ë
)BOET'SFF
1IPOF 4ZTUFN 
7PJDF DPNNBOE */'*/*5* WPJDF
SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFN   
7PJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFN  
7PJDF SFDPHOJUJPO "MUFSOBUF DPNNBOE NPEF  
7PJDF SFDPHOJUJPO 4UBOEBSE NPEF 
8
8BSOJOH
)B[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFS TXJUDI  
-BOF EFQBSUVSF XBSOJOH -%8 TZTUFN  
-JHIUT  
5JSF QSFTTVSF NPOJUPSJOH
TZTUFN 51.4   
7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ 
8BSOJOHJOEJDBUPS MJHIUT BOE
BVEJCMF SFNJOEFST 
8BSOJOH MBCFMT "JS CBH XBSOJOH MBCFMT  
8BSOJOH MJHIU
"JS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU   
"MMXIFFM ESJWF "8% XBSOJOH MJHIU  
"OUJMPDL CSBLJOH TZTUFN "#4
XBSOJOH MJHIU  
#SBLF XBSOJOH MJHIU  
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XBSOJOH MJHIU  
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 8BSOJOH -%8
JOEJDBUPS MJHIU  
-PX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH MJHIU 
4FBU CFMU XBSOJOH MJHIU BOE DIJNF 
8BSSBOUZ &NJTTJPO DPOUSPM TZTUFN XBSSBOUZ  
8BTIFS TXJUDI 8JOETIJFME XJQFS BOE
XBTIFS TXJUDI 
8BTIJOH  
8BYJOH  
8FMDPNF MJHIU  
8IFFMUJSF TJ[F  
8IFFMT BOE UJSFT 
$BSF PG XIFFMT 
$MFBOJOH BMVNJOVN BMMPZ XIFFMT  
8JOEPX XBTIFS GMVJE  
8JOEPXT
$MFBOJOH  
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2015 Infiniti QX70 Owner’s Manual
Printing: April 2014 / OM15E0 0S51U0 / Printed in U.S.A.
For your safety, read carefully and keep in this vehicle.
2015 Infiniti QX70

Specifications

Infiniti 2015 INFINITI QX70/FX Questions and Answers

Questions and Answers

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