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Ɇɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɦɨ ɜɚɦ ɡɛɟɪɟɝɬɢ ɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ ɡɿ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹɬɚɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀɞɥɹɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɝɨ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹɦ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɢʀʀɫɟɪɿɣɧɢɣɧɨɦɟɪ
ɧɚɜɢɩɚɞɨɤɹɤɳɨɜɚɦɡɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɚɭ
ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿɩɿɫɥɹɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɍȼȺȽȺ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɬɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɢ
ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ
ɨɛɟɪɟɠɧɿɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ ɞɨɬɢɤɭɞɨ
ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɥɶɧɢɯɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜȾɿɬɢɜɿɤɨɦɞɨɪɨɤɿɜ
ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɢɫɹ ɛɿɥɹ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɥɢɲɟ ɡɚ
ɭɦɨɜɢɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɝɨɧɚɝɥɹɞɭ
ɍȼȺȽȺ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ ɥɢɲɟ ɪɟɲɿɬɤɢ ɞɥɹ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɢɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɨɧɶɜɿɞɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɚɚɛɨɠɬɿ
ɹɤɿ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɿ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦ ɜ ɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ ɚ
ɬɚɤɨɠ ɪɟɲɿɬɤɢ ɳɨ ɜɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭ
ɩɨɫɬɚɱɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɯ ɪɟɲɿɬɨɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ
ɧɟɳɚɫɧɢɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜ
ɍȼȺȽȺ ɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɭ ɧɚ ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɿɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɿɡɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɠɢɪɭ ɱɢ ɨɥɿʀ ɦɨɠɟ
ɛɭɬɢɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɦɬɚɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ
ɩɨɠɟɠɿ ɇȱɄɈɅɂ ɧɟ ɧɚɦɚɝɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɡɚɝɚɫɢɬɢ
ɜɨɝɨɧɶ ɜɨɞɨɸ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜɢɦɤɧɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɬɚ
ɧɚɤɪɢɣɬɟɩɨɥɭɦɹɤɪɢɲɤɨɸɱɢɩɪɨɬɢɩɨɠɟɠɧɨɸ
ɤɨɜɞɪɨɸ
ɍȼȺȽȺ ɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɚ ɩɨɠɟɠɿ ɧɟ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟ
ɠɨɞɧɢɯɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɿɜɧɚɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɍȼȺȽȺɹɤɳɨɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɬɪɿɫɧɭɥɚɧɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹ
ɫɤɥɚ ɬɚ ɜɢɦɤɧɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɳɨɛ ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ
ɭɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɫɬɪɭɦɨɦ
Ⱦɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɦɨɠɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɞɿɬɶɦɢ ɜɿɤɨɦ ɜɿɞ ɪɨɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɡ
ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢɦɢ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɢɦɢ ɚɛɨ
ɪɨɡɭɦɨɜɢɦɢɡɞɿɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɬɚɤɨɠɨɫɨɛɚɦɢɛɟɡ
ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɜɿɞɭ ɬɚ ɡɧɚɧɶ ɹɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ
ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɩɿɞ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɥɢ
ɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ ɳɨɞɨ ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɿɪɨɡɭɦɿɸɬɶɦɨɠɥɢɜɭɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɭɇɟ
ɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɭ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ
ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɳɨ ɜɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɝɪɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɡ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ Ⱦɿɬɹɦ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢ
ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ ɛɟɡ
ɧɚɝɥɹɞɭɞɨɪɨɫɥɢɯ
ɁȺɋɌȿɊȿɀȿɇɇə ɧɟ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ
ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɭ Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɨɬɪɢɜɚɥɢɣ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɢ ɩɿɞ
ɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɢɦɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦ
ɇɚɫɬɿɣɧɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɪɢɦɚɬɢ ɞɿɬɟɣ
ɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɶɜɿɞɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɢɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɨɧɶɩɿɞɱɚɫʀɯ
ɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀɚɛɨɤɨɥɢɜɨɧɢɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɿɞɨɬɢɯɩɿɪ
ɩɨɤɢɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ
ɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɪɢɡɢɤɭɫɟɪɣɨɡɧɢɯɨɩɿɤɿɜ
ɐɟɣɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɿɡ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɦ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦ ɱɢ ɡ
ɜɿɞɞɿɥɶɧɨɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɸ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ
ɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɍɧɢɤɚɣɬɟɩɪɹɦɨɝɨɩɨɝɥɹɞɭɧɚɝɚɥɨɝɟɧɧɿɥɚɦɩɢ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɉɿɞɤɥɸɱɿɬɶ ɜɢɥɤɭ ɞɨ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɸ
ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɢɣ ɜɢɬɪɢɦɭɽ ɧɚɩɪɭɝɭ ɫɬɪɭɦ ɬɚ
ɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɤɚɡɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɹɪɥɢɤɭ Ɋɨɡɟɬɤɚ
ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɛɭɬɢ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɨɸ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ
ɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɨɸɞɥɹɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨɧɚ
ɹɪɥɢɤɭ ɉɪɨɜɿɞ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɠɨɜɬɨ
ɡɟɥɟɧɢɦ ɤɨɥɶɨɪɨɦ ɐɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɢɦ
ȱɇɋɌɊɍɄɐȱəɁɌȿɏɇȱɄɂȻȿɁɉȿɄɂ
8$
ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɨɦ ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɟɫɭɦɿɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢ ɬɚ
ɜɢɥɤɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɩɨɩɪɨɫɿɬɶ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɚ ɡɚɦɿɧɢɬɢ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɧɚɿɧɲɭɹɤɚɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɬɢɦɟɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɦɭ
ɬɢɩɭ ȼɢɥɤɚ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɚ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɬɢ
ɞɿɸɱɢɦɧɨɪɦɚɦɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɤɪɚʀɧɿ
ɉɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɨ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɠ
ɦɨɠɟ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɪɨɡɦɿɳɟɧɧɹ
ɜɫɟɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɦɢɤɚɱɚ ɦɿɠ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɨɦ ɬɚ
ɞɠɟɪɟɥɨɦɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɹɤɢɣɦɨɠɟɜɢɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɟɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɟɧɚɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹɿɹɤɢɣ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɱɢɧɧɨɦɭɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɭ
ɀɨɜɬɨɡɟɥɟɧɢɣɤɚɛɟɥɶɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ
ɩɟɪɟɪɢɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜɢɦɢɤɚɱɟɦ Ɋɨɡɟɬɤɚ ɱɢ
ɜɫɟɩɨɥɹɪɧɢɣ ɜɢɦɢɤɚɱ ɳɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ
ɞɥɹ ɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹ
ɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɢɦɢɩɿɫɥɹɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ȼɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɿɜɢɥɤɢɚɛɨɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦ
ɩɟɪɟɦɢɤɚɱɚ ɭ ɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɤɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ
ɞɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɦɨɧɬɚɠɭ
Ɂ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɭɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ ɡɚɦɿɧɚ
ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɨɝɨ ɲɧɭɪɚ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ
ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɨɦ ɮɚɯɿɜɰɟɦ
ɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɭɚɛɨ ɿɧɲɨɸɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɨɸ
ɨɫɨɛɨɸȾɨɜɠɢɧɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɭɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɠɨɜɬɨ
ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨɦɚɽɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɜɚɬɢɦɦɡɿɫɬɨɪɨɧɢ
ɤɥɟɦɧɨʀ ɤɨɥɨɞɤɢ ɉɟɪɟɪɿɡ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯ
ɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɭɡɿ ɳɨ
ɩɨɝɥɢɧɚɽɬɶɫɹɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɸɜɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɹɪɥɢɤɭ
Ɍɢɩɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɛɭɬɢ+299
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ɇɟ ɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ ɦɟɬɚɥɟɜɿ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɧɨɠɿ ɜɢɞɟɥɤɢ ɥɨɠɤɢ
ɚɛɨɤɪɢɲɤɢȼɨɧɢɦɨɠɭɬɶɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɇɟɫɥɿɞɪɨɡɿɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɧɚɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿʀɠɭɜ
ɚɥɸɦɿɧɿɽɜɿɣ ɮɨɥɶɡɿ ɱɢ ɜ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɨɜɢɯ
ɤɨɧɬɟɣɧɟɪɚɯ
ɓɨɛɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɬɢɧɚɤɨɩɢɱɟɧɧɸɛɪɭɞɭɿɠɢɪɭɩɿɫɥɹ
ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ʀʀ
ɫɥɿɞɨɱɢɳɭɜɚɬɢəɤɳɨɰɶɨɝɨɧɟɪɨɛɢɬɢɬɨɩɿɞ
ɱɚɫ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɭɫɿ ɡɚɥɢɲɤɢ ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɬɢɦɭɬɶɫɹ ɬɚ
ɜɢɞɿɥɹɬɢɦɭɬɶ ɞɢɦ ɿ ɧɟɩɪɢɽɦɧɿ ɡɚɩɚɯɢ ɧɟ
ɤɚɠɭɱɢɜɠɟɩɪɨɪɢɡɢɤɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹɩɨɠɟɠɿ
ɇɿɤɨɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ ɩɚɪɨɨɱɢɫɧɢɤ ɚɛɨ
ɨɱɢɫɧɢɤɜɢɫɨɤɨɝɨɬɢɫɤɭɞɥɹɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɹɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɇɟɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹɡɨɧɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɩɿɞɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɬɚ ɞɟɹɤɢɣ ɱɚɫ ɩɿɫɥɹ ʀʀ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɇɿɤɨɥɢɧɟɝɨɬɭɣɬɟɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɧɚɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɿɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɡɿɫɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɿɤɢ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɣɩɨɫɭɞ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɫɬɚɜɬɟɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɸɩɨɰɟɧɬɪɿɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ
ɧɚɹɤɿɣɜɢɝɨɬɭɽɬɟɍɠɨɞɧɨɦɭɪɚɡɿɧɟɤɥɚɞɿɬɶ
ɧɿɱɨɝɨɧɚɩɚɧɟɥɶɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸɜɹɤɨɫɬɿ
ɪɨɛɨɱɨʀɡɨɧɢ
ɇɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸ ɜ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɞɨɲɤɢ
ɞɥɹɧɚɪɿɡɚɧɧɹ
ɇɟ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟ ɜɚɠɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɿɜ ɧɚɞ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɸ ɉɪɢ ɩɚɞɿɧɧɿ ɧɚ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸɜɨɧɢɦɨɠɭɬɶɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨ
ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ
ɇɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸ ɞɥɹ
ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɿɜ
ɍɧɢɤɚɣɬɟ ɤɨɜɡɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ ɩɨ ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɿɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
Ɂɚɥɢɲɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɣɦɧɿ ɦɦ
ɦɿɠɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɸɬɚ
ɡɚɞɧɶɨɸ ɫɬɿɧɨɸ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ
ɳɨɧɚɣɦɟɧɲɟ ɦɦ ɦɿɠ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɸ ɬɚ
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ
ɦɟɛɥɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɛɿɱɧɨɸ ɫɬɿɧɨɸ
əɤɳɨɧɚɞɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨɸ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɸ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɿɧɲɿ
ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɦɟɛɥɿɜɜɿɞɫɬɚɧɶɞɨ
ɧɢɯ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ
ɳɨɧɚɣɦɟɧɲɟɦɦ
ɉɿɞɱɚɫɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɜɢɬɹɠɤɢɧɚɞɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨɸ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɸɫɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɣɬɟɫɹ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɿɹɦɢɡɿ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɢɬɹɠɤɢɚɥɟɜ
ɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɦɭɪɚɡɿɜɿɞɫɬɚɧɶɦɿɠ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɸɬɚ
ɜɢɬɹɠɤɨɸɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɳɨɧɚɣɦɟɧɲɟ
ɦɦ
ɄɈȾɉɊɈȾɍɄɐȱȲ7
Ɋɨɡɩɿɡɧɚɜɚɥɶɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɚɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɚɩɿɞɧɢɠɧɿɦɩɨɤɪɢɬɬɹɦ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɈɋɇɈȼɇȱɁȺɋɌȿɊȿɀȿɇɇə
Ɋɨɡɦɿɳɭɸɱɢɩɨɡɧɚɱɤɭɧɚɰɶɨɦɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɿɦɢɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɽɦɨ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɭɫɿɦ ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ ɨɯɨɪɨɧɢ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɹ ɬɚ ɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɦ ɜɢɦɨɝɚɦɹɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦɞɥɹɰɶɨɝɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɭ
ɁȺɏɂɋɌɇȺȼɄɈɅɂɒɇɖɈȽɈɋȿɊȿȾɈȼɂɓȺ
Ⱦɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɦɚɽ ɦɚɪɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ
Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɢ ȯɋ (8 ɳɨɞɨ ɜɿɞɯɨɞɿɜ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹ
ȼȿȿɈ
ȼȿȿɈ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶ ɹɤ ɡɚɛɪɭɞɧɸɸɱɿ ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢ ɹɤɿ
ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɬɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɞɥɹ
ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɬɚɤ ɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢ ɹɤɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɿȼɚɠɥɢɜɨɩɿɞɞɚɬɢȼȿȿɈɩɟɜɧɢɦɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚɦɳɨɛ
ɭɫɭɧɭɬɢ ɬɚ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɭɜɚɬɢ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɭɫɿ ɡɚɛɪɭɞɧɸɸɱɿ
ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢɚɬɚɤɨɠɞɿɫɬɚɬɢɬɚɩɟɪɟɪɨɛɢɬɢɜɫɿɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɢ
Ɏɿɡɢɱɧɿɨɫɨɛɢɦɨɠɭɬɶɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɜɚɬɢɜɚɠɥɢɜɭɪɨɥɶɭɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɿ
ɬɨɝɨ ɳɨɛ ȼȿȿɈ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɝɨ
ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɩɟɜɧɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥ
ȼȿȿɈɧɟɫɥɿɞɩɨɦɿɳɚɬɢɪɚɡɨɦɡɩɨɛɭɬɨɜɢɦɢɜɿɞɯɨɞɚɦɢ
ȼȿȿɈ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɿɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿ ɩɭɧɤɬɢ ɡɛɨɪɭɩɿɞ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹɦ ɦɿɫɶɤɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɚɛɨ ɡɚɪɟɽɫɬɪɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɿɣ ɍ
ɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯɤɪɚʀɧɚɯɞɥɹɜɟɥɢɤɢɯȼȿȿɈɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɣɡɛɿɪɜɞɨɦɚ
ɍɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯɤɪɚʀɧɚɯɤɨɥɢɜɢɤɭɩɭɽɬɟɧɨɜɢɣɩɪɢɥɚɞɫɬɚɪɢɣ
ɦɨɠɟɛɭɬɢɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɧɢɣɭɬɨɱɤɭɪɨɡɞɪɿɛɧɨʀɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿɹɤɚ
ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɨɡɚɛɪɚɬɢɣɨɝɨɡɚɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɦɨɞɢɧɞɨ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨɡɚɭɦɨɜɢɹɤɳɨɰɟɚɧɚɥɨɝɿɱɧɟɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɧɹɹɤɟɦɚɽɬɿɠ
ɮɭɧɤɰɿʀɳɨɣɧɨɜɢɣɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɛɭɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɧɨɸ
ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɨɸ ɿ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɿ ɦɨɠɟ ɫɭɬɬɽɜɨ
ɜɩɥɢɧɭɬɢɧɚɛɟɡɩɟɤɭɥɸɞɟɣɱɢɦɚɣɧɚɁɰɿɽʀɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɣɨɝɨɫɥɿɞ
ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɯɿɜɰɹ ɬɚ ɡ
ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɢɯɧɨɪɦ
ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɟɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɿɣ ɿ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɧɟɤɜɚɥɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɨɸ ɨɫɨɛɨɸ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤ ɡɧɿɦɚɽ ɡ ɫɟɛɟ ɛɭɞɶɹɤɭ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɭɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɿɫɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɜɿɞ
ɬɨɝɨ ɱɢ ɰɹ ɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɥɚ ɞɨ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ
ɦɚɣɧɚɚɛɨɠɧɚɧɟɫɥɚɬɪɚɜɦɢɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɨɫɨɛɚɦɱɢɬɜɚɪɢɧɚɦ
ɉɿɫɥɹ ɜɢɞɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɳɨ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɧɟ
ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɨɜɿɧɲɨɦɭɪɚɡɿɡɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɫɹɞɨɬɨɱɤɢɪɨɡɞɪɿɛɧɨʀɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ
ɚɛɨɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɭɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɚ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɦɟɛɥɿɜɹɤɢɯɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɛɭɞɟɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɚ
ɬɚɤɨɠɭɫɿɿɧɲɿɦɟɛɥɿɩɨɛɥɢɡɭɽɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɿɡɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜɫɬɿɣɤɢɯɞɨ
ɜɢɫɨɤɢɯɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɦɿɧɿɦɭɦ&
Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ ɜɫɿ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɿ ɩɨɤɪɢɬɬɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɚɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɿ
ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɿɣɤɢɦɤɥɟɽɦ
ɉɪɢɥɚɞɦɨɠɧɚɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɭɜɛɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɯɦɟɛɥɹɯɭɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɦɭ
ɱɢɜɛɭɞɨɜɚɧɨɦɭɪɟɠɢɦɿ
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
0LQPP
ɉɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɩɪɢ
ɜɛɭɞɨɜɚɧɨɦɭ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɿ
ɉɪɢɦɿɬɤɚ Ɋɨɡɦɿɪɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɚ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɿ ɩɪɢ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɿɣɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɰɿ
PPFPKRE
PP
PPFPKRE
Ƚɥɢɛɢɧɚɨɬɜɨɪɭɦɦ
ɉɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɩɪɢ
ɜɛɭɞɨɜɚɧɨɦɭ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɿ
Ɍɨɜɳɢɧɚɫɬɿɥɶɧɢɰɿɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɜɿɞɞɨɦɦ
əɤɳɨ ɧɢɠɧɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚ ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɦɟɠɭɽ ɿɡ ɡɨɧɨɸ ɹɤɚ
ɱɚɫɬɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɬɚɨɱɢɳɭɽɬɶɫɹɬɨɞɿɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ
ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɭɧɚɦɦɧɢɠɱɟɧɢɠɧɶɨʀɱɚɫɬɢɧɢɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
PLQPP
ȼɋɌȺɇɈȼɅȿɇɇə
ɉɪɢ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɿ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɩɿɞ ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɸ ɧɟ ɫɥɿɞ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɭɚɦɿɧɿɦɚɥɶɧɚɜɿɞɫɬɚɧɶɦɿɠɧɢɠɧɶɨɸ
ɱɚɫɬɢɧɨɸ ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɬɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɨɸɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢ
ɳɨɧɚɣɦɟɧɲɟ ɦɦ ɇɟ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɣɬɟ ɧɚɝɪɿɬɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɭ ɩɿɞ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɸ ɬɚ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɣɬɟ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨɜɢɦɨɝɳɨɞɨʀʀɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ
PP
PLQ
8$
ȼȻɍȾɈȼȺɇȿȼɋɌȺɇɈȼɅȿɇɇə
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ɲɤɪɟɛɤɨɦɱɢɩɚɥɶɰɟɦ
ɡɦɨɱɟɧɢɦ ɦɢɥɶɧɨɸ ɜɨɞɨɸ
ɩɟɪɲɧɿɠɜɿɧɡɚɫɬɢɝɧɟ
ɇɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸɞɨɩɨɜɧɨɝɨ
ɜɢɫɢɯɚɧɧɹɫɢɥɿɤɨɧɨɜɨɝɨɲɚɪɭ
Ɂɜɢɱɚɣɧɟɡɚɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹ
ȼɢɣɦɿɬɶɮɿɤɫɭɸɱɿɡɚɬɢɫɤɚɱɿɿɡ
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ɜɨɧɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɿɥɶɧɨɪɭɯɚɬɢɫɹ
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
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ɒɜɢɞɤɟ ɡɚɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹ Ɂɚɥɟɠɧɨ
ɜɿɞɦɨɞɟɥɿ
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ɜɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟ ɡɚɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɚ
ɜɡɞɨɜɠɜɫɶɨɝɨɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ
ȿɅȿɄɌɊɂɑɇȿɉȱȾɄɅɘɑȿɇɇə
ɊɈɁɆȱɓȿɇɇə ɊɈɁɆȱɓȿɇɇə ɊɈɁɆȱɓȿɇɇə ɊɈɁɆȱɓȿɇɇə
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ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɸ
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ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚɦȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɧɟɫɟɠɨɞɧɨʀɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿɡɚ
ɛɭɞɶɹɤɿ ɡɛɢɬɤɢ ɹɤɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɡɚɩɨɞɿɹɧɿ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ
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ɍȼȺȽȺȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɧɟɫɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɣɿɧɰɢɞɟɧɬ
ɚɛɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɢ ɹɤɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
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ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɣɬɟ ɧɚɩɪɭɝɭ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɤɚɡɚɧɭ ɧɚ ɥɿɱɢɥɶɧɢɤɭ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɢɦɢɤɚɱɚ ɛɟɡɩɟɪɟɪɜɧɿɫɬɶ
ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɿɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɢɤɚ
ȿɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɟ ɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɨ
ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢɫɹɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨɧɨɦɿɧɚɥɶɧɨʀɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɰɟ
ɫɥɿɞɡɪɨɛɢɬɢɱɟɪɟɡɛɚɝɚɬɨɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɣɜɢɦɢɤɚɱ
əɤɳɨɩɪɢɥɚɞɦɚɽɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɜɿɧɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɛɭɬɢɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣɬɚɤɢɦ
ɱɢɧɨɦɳɨɛɪɨɡɟɬɤɚɛɭɥɚɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɚ
ɀɨɜɬɢɣɡɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɿɞ ɤɚɛɟɥɸ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɛɭɬɢ
ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɣɹɤɞɥɹɞɠɟɪɟɥɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɬɚɤɿɞɥɹɤɥɟɦɧɢɯɤɨɥɨɞɨɤ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɍ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯ ɡɚɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɩɨɜɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɿɡ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ
ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɚɛɨ ɞɨ
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ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚɛɭɬɢɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɬɿɥɶɤɢɞɨɞɠɟɪɟɥɚɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɡɧɚɩɪɭɝɨɸ
ȼɦɿɠɮɚɡɨɸɿɧɭɥɟɦ
ȼɚɪɢɥɶɧɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸɦɨɠɧɚɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɢɞɨ
Ɍɪɢɮɚɡɢ9
Ɍɪɢɮɚɡɢ91
ɓɨɛɩɟɪɟɣɬɢɞɨɧɨɜɨɝɨɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɜɢɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɿɧɢɠɱɟ
ɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɳɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɯɢɳɟɧɚ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɢɦ ɡɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɢɤɨɦ ɿ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɪɿɡɭɳɨɛɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɩɨɫɬɚɱɚɬɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɦ
ɉɟɪɟɜɟɪɧɿɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸ ɫɤɥɹɧɨɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɸ ɞɨɧɢɡɭ
ɡɚɯɢɫɬɢɜɲɢɩɟɪɟɞɬɢɦɫɤɥɨ
ɜɿɞɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɢɣɡɚɬɢɫɤ
ɡɧɚɣɞɿɬɶɞɜɚɜɢɫɬɭɩɢɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿɧɚɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɯ
ɩɨɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɥɟɡɨɩɥɨɫɤɨʀɜɢɤɪɭɬɤɢɧɚɜɩɪɨɬɢɤɨɠɧɨɝɨ
ɜɢɫɬɭɩɭɿɬɨɞɿɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶ
ɡɧɿɦɿɬɶɤɪɢɲɤɭ
Ⱦɥɹɬɨɝɨɳɨɛɡɧɹɬɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ȼɢɞɚɥɿɬɶɝɜɢɧɬɢɹɤɿɭɬɪɢɦɭɸɬɶɤɥɟɦɧɭɤɨɥɨɞɤɭɳɨ
ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɲɭɧɬɛɚɪɢɿɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɢɤɢɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ȼɢɬɹɝɧɿɬɶɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɢɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɞɥɹɧɨɜɨɝɨɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ
ȼɢɛɟɪɿɬɶɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɿɣ
ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɯɭɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ
ɉɨɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɡɚɬɢɫɤ
Ɂɚɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɤɿɧɟɰɶɤɨɠɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɢɤɚɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɧɚɞɨɜɠɢɧɭɦɦɛɟɪɭɱɢɞɨɭɜɚɝɢɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɭɞɨɜɠɢɧɭ
ɤɚɛɟɥɸɞɥɹɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɞɨɤɥɟɦɧɨʀɤɨɥɨɞɤɢ
ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀɡɿɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹɬɚɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ
ɲɭɧɬɛɚɪɿɜɹɤɿɜɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɥɢɜɢɬɹɝɧɭɬɢɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɟɪɲɨʀ
ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɢɡɚɮɿɤɫɭɣɬɟɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɢɤɹɤɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɝɪɚɮɿɤɭ
Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɿɬɶɤɪɢɲɤɭ
Ɂɚɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɢɣɡɚɬɢɫɤ
ɉɪɢɦɿɬɤɚɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɡɚɬɢɫɤɧɿɝɜɢɧɬɢɤɥɟɦɧɨʀ
ɤɨɥɨɞɤɢɞɨɛɪɟɡɚɬɹɝɧɭɬɿ
ɉɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɢɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɞɥɹɧɨɜɨɝɨɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ
ȼɿɞɤɪɢɣɬɟɤɪɢɲɤɭɜɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿɣɩɨɫɥɿɞɨɜɧɨɫɬɿ
ȼɢɛɟɪɿɬɶɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɿɣ
ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɯɭɬɚɛɥɢɰɿ
ɉɨɦɿɫɬɿɬɶɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɜɡɚɬɢɫɤ
Ɂɚɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɤɿɧɟɰɶɤɨɠɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɢɤɚɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɧɚ
ɞɨɜɠɢɧɭɦɦɛɟɪɭɱɢɞɨɭɜɚɝɢɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɭɞɨɜɠɢɧɭ
ɤɚɛɟɥɸɞɥɹɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɞɨɤɥɟɦɧɨʀɤɨɥɨɞɤɢ
ȼɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿʀɡɿɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹɬɚɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ
ɲɭɧɬɛɚɪɿɜɹɤɿɜɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɥɢɜɢɬɹɝɧɭɬɢɩɿɞɱɚɫɩɟɪɲɨʀ
ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɢɡɚɮɿɤɫɭɣɬɟɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɢɤ
ɹɤɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɝɪɚɮɿɤɭ
Ɂɚɤɪɿɩɿɬɶɤɪɢɲɤɭ
Ɂɚɤɪɭɬɿɬɶɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɢɣɡɚɬɢɫɤ
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ɍɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹȼɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ
ɓɨɛɭɜɿɦɤɧɭɬɢɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɭɬɨɪɤɧɿɬɶɫɹɬɚɭɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɡɨɧɭɛɭɞɶɹɤɨʀ
ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɦɫȼɢɩɨɱɭɽɬɟɞɨɜɝɢɣɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
ɧɚɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɚɯɡɹɜɢɬɶɫɹɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɳɨɜɤɚɡɭɜɚɬɢɦɟɧɚɪɿɜɟɧɶ
ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ
əɤɳɨɩɿɞɱɚɫɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɝɨɟɬɚɩɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ
ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɬɢɦɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɿ ɰɟɣ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ
ɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɫɟɤɭɧɞɿɩɪɨɡɜɭɱɢɬɶɫɟɪɿɹɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɯɫɢɝɧɚɥɿɜ
ɳɨɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɢɦɟɩɪɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɤɨɧɮɨɪɨɤ
əɤɳɨ ɧɚ ɭɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɨɦɭ ɞɢɫɩɥɟʀ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɚɥɟɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɧɚɪɿɜɧɿɬɨɞɿɧɚ
ɟɤɪɚɧɿɩɨɩɟɪɟɦɿɧɧɨɡɹɜɥɹɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹ
əɤɳɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɹ ɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜɚɧɚ ɜɢ ɧɟ ɡɦɨɠɟɬɟ
ɜɜɿɦɤɧɭɬɢɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɭ
ɓɨɛɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɭɬɨɪɤɧɿɬɶɫɹɬɚɭɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɛɭɞɶɹɤɭɡɨɧɭ
ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɫȼɢɩɨɱɭɽɬɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɿɡɜɭɤɨɜɿɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɚ
ɧɚ ɟɤɪɚɧɿ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ ɧɿɱɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹ ɚɛɨ ɠ
ɉɈɊȺȾɂɓɈȾɈȼɂȻɈɊɍɉɈɋɍȾɍȾɅə
ȼɂɄɈɊɂɋɌȺɇɇəɇȺȼȺɊɂɅɖɇȱɃɉɈȼȿɊɏɇȱ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɜɢɫɨɤɨɹɤɿɫɧɨɝɨɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɝɨɩɨɫɭɞɭɦɚɽɜɢɪɿɲɚɥɶɧɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɞɥɹɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨʀɪɨɛɨɬɢɜɚɲɨʀɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɩɨɫɭɞɜɢɫɨɤɨʀɹɤɨɫɬɿɡɿɞɟɚɥɶɧɨ
ɪɿɜɧɢɦ ɬɚ ɬɨɜɫɬɢɦ ɞɧɨɦ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ
ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɠɭɽ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɪɚɜ Ɍɨɜɫɬɿ ɦɟɬɚɥɟɜɿ ɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɿ ɬɚ
ɫɤɨɜɨɪɿɞɤɢɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɸɬɶɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɢɣɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɬɟɩɥɚ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɜ ɬɨɦɭɳɨɞɧɨɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɿɱɢ ɫɤɨɜɨɪɿɞɤɢɽ
ɫɭɯɢɦ ɩɪɢɡɚɩɨɜɧɟɧɧɿɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɿɪɿɞɢɧɨɸ ɚɛɨɩɪɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɿ
ɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɿ ɡ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɧɚ ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸ ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɳɨ ʀʀ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɽ ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɫɭɯɨɸ ɐɟ
ɞɨɩɨɦɨɠɟɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹɩɥɹɦɧɚɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ ɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɿ ɞɿɚɦɟɬɪ ɹɤɢɯ ɽ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɶɨ
ɜɟɥɢɤɢɦ ɳɨɛ ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸ ɡɚɤɪɢɬɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɪɨɡɦɿɪɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɿɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɛɭɬɢɧɟɦɟɧɲɢɣɧɿɠɩɥɨɳɚ
ɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ əɤɳɨ ɜɨɧɚ ɬɪɨɯɢ ɲɢɪɲɚ ɟɧɟɪɝɿɹ ɛɭɞɟ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɸɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɸ
ȼɂȻȱɊ ɉɈɋɍȾɍ ɇɚɫɬɭɩɧɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹɞɨɩɨɦɨɠɟ ɜɚɦɨɛɪɚɬɢ
ɤɭɯɨɧɧɢɣɩɨɫɭɞɹɤɢɣɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɶɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ
ɉɨɫɭɞɡɧɟɪɠɚɜɿɸɱɨʀɫɬɚɥɿɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ
Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɨɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɣɡɩɨɞɜɿɣɧɢɦɞɧɨɦɉɨɞɜɿɣɧɟɞɧɨɩɨɽɞɧɭɽ
ɜɫɨɛɿɩɟɪɟɜɚɝɢɧɟɪɠɚɜɿɸɱɨʀɫɬɚɥɿɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɣɜɢɝɥɹɞ
ɞɨɜɝɨɜɿɱɧɿɫɬɶɬɚɫɬɿɣɤɿɫɬɶɬɚɚɥɸɦɿɧɿɸɚɛɨɦɿɞɿ
ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶɪɿɜɧɨɦɿɪɧɢɣɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɬɟɩɥɚ
ɉɨɫɭɞ ɡ ɚɥɸɦɿɧɿɸ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜɚɠɤɢɣ ɩɨɫɭɞ ɏɨɪɨɲɚ
ɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ Ⱥɥɸɦɿɧɿɽɜɿ ɡɚɥɢɲɤɢ ɿɧɨɞɿ ɡɹɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ
ɩɨɞɪɹɩɢɧɧɚɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɚɥɟʀɯɦɨɠɧɚɲɜɢɞɤɨɭɫɭɧɭɬɢ
ɹɤɳɨɧɟɝɚɣɧɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸ
ɑɟɪɟɡɧɢɡɶɤɭɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɧɹɧɟɫɥɿɞɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ
ɩɨɫɭɞɿɡɬɨɧɤɨɝɨɚɥɸɦɿɧɿɸ
ɑɚɜɭɧɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɭɞ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɚɥɟ ɧɟ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɇɢɡɶɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ Ɇɨɠɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ
ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹɩɨɞɪɹɩɢɧɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɉɨɫɭɞ ɡ ɦɿɞɧɢɦ ɞɧɨɦ ɤɟɪɚɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɭɞ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ
ɜɚɠɤɢɣ ɩɨɫɭɞ ɏɨɪɨɲɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɥɟ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɦɿɞɧɿ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɩɨɹɜɢ ɩɨɞɪɹɩɢɧ Ɍɚɤɿ ɡɚɥɢɲɤɢ
ɦɨɠɧɚɭɫɭɧɭɬɢɹɤɳɨɧɟɝɚɣɧɨɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸɄɪɿɦɰɶɨɝɨɧɟ
ɫɥɿɞɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɢɜɢɤɢɩɚɧɧɹɜɨɞɢɡɬɚɤɨɝɨɩɨɫɭɞɭɉɟɪɟɝɪɿɬɢɣɦɟɬɚɥ
ɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɤɥɟʀɬɢɫɹ ɞɨɫɤɥɹɧɨʀɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɁɚɥɢɲɤɢ ɜɿɞ
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɿɬɨʀɦɿɞɧɨʀɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɶɩɥɹɦɢɧɚɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɉɨɫɭɞ ɡ ɮɚɪɮɨɪɭɟɦɚɥɿ ɏɨɪɨɲɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɡ
ɬɨɧɤɢɦɝɥɚɞɤɢɦɬɚɩɥɨɫɤɢɦɞɧɨɦ
ɉɨɫɭɞ ɡɿ ɫɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɿɤɢ ɧɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɇɢɡɶɤɚ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ Ɇɨɠɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɪɹɩɢɧ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ȼɢɛɿɪɡɨɧɢ
Ʉɨɥɢ ɡɨɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɜɿɱɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɭɜɿɦɤɧɭɬɢɯ ɚɥɟ ɧɟ
ɜɢɛɪɚɧɢɯɡɨɧɛɭɞɟɦɟɧɲɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɢɦ
ȼɢ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɜɚɬɢ ɱɢ ɡɦɟɧɲɭɜɚɬɢ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚ
ɟɤɪɚɧɿɤɨɠɧɨʀɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤɱɢ
3
ɉɪɢ ɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɿ ɬɚ ɭɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɱɢ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ
ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɡɛɿɥɶɲɭɜɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹɡɦɟɧɲɭɜɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹɩɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɉɪɢ
ɲɜɢɞɤɨɦɭɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɿɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹɧɚɩɨɡɧɚɱɰɿ
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢɬɢ
ɤɨɪɨɬɤɿɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɤɧɨɩɤɢɉɪɢɲɜɢɞɤɨɦɭ
ɡɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɿɡɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɿɜɢɧɟɩɨɱɭɽɬɟɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɯɫɢɝɧɚɥɿɜ
Ⱦɨɫɹɝɧɭɜɲɢ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ 3 ɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɧɟ
ɡɦɿɧɢɬɶɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɧɚȾɨɫɹɝɧɭɜɲɢɪɿɜɧɹɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ
ɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɤɧɨɩɤɢɧɟɡɦɿɧɢɬɶɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɧɚ3
Ʉɨɥɢɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɚɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɚɿɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɽɧɚ
ɧɚɟɤɪɚɧɿɛɥɢɦɚɬɢɦɟɹɤɳɨɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɚɝɚɪɹɱɚɑɟɪɟɡɫɟɤɭɧɞ
ɡɧɢɤɧɟɿɧɚɟɤɪɚɧɿɡɹɜɢɬɶɫɹɥɿɬɟɪɚ+
Ʉɨɥɢɜɢɛɪɚɧɚɩɟɜɧɚɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɚɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɟɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɿ ɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɽ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚ ɚ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɚ
ɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɸɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɫɟɤɭɧɞɄɨɥɢɱɚɫɦɢɧɟ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹ ɐɸ ɞɿɸ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɢɬɢ ɜ ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɯ
ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɶ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɢɯ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ
ɤɟɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɇɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɢ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɿ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɜɿɞɤɢ
Ɉɫɨɛɢɫɬɢɣ ɞɨɫɜɿɞ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɢɬɶ ɜɚɦ ɚɞɚɩɬɭɜɚɬɢ ɰɿ ɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨɫɜɨɝɨɫɦɚɤɭɬɚɡɜɢɱɨɤ
ɐɹɞɿɹɜɿɞɛɭɜɚɽɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨɦɭɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɿɤɧɨɩɨɤɿ
ɉɿɫɥɹɰɶɨɝɨɤɨɥɢɜɢɬɨɪɤɧɟɬɟɫɹɤɧɨɩɤɢɞɢɫɩɥɟɣɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɢɦɟ
/ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɫɚɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹɡɚɥɢɲɢɬɶɫɹɧɚɬɚɤɨɦɭɠɪɿɜɧɿ
ɓɨɛ ɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɸ ɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɞɿɬɟɣ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɹ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɣɉɿɫɥɹɰɶɨɝɨɜɢɩɨɱɭɽɬɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɣ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɧɚɞɢɫɩɥɟʀɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶɫɹɥɿɬɟɪɚQȼɚɪɢɥɶɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹ
ɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹɪɨɡɛɥɨɤɨɜɚɧɨɸ
ɉɪɢɦɿɬɤɚ Ɏɭɧɤɰɿɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ ɞɿɬɟɣ
ɚɤɬɢɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɿɫɥɹɩɨɜɧɨɝɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɐɹɮɭɧɤɰɿɹɜɦɢɤɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɚɥɟɫɩɟɪɲɭʀʀ
ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɭɜɚɬɢ Ⱦɢɜ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɇɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚ
əɤɳɨ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɡɨɧɚ ɭɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɚ ɰɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɛɭɞɟ ɜɢɛɪɚɧɨɸ ɡɚ
ɡɚɦɨɜɱɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɜɚɦ ɧɟ ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨ ɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɬɢ ɬɚ ɭɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢ
ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɦɫɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɢɛɨɪɭ
ɁɛɿɥɶɲɟɧɧɹɁɦɟɧɲɟɧɧɹɪɿɜɧɹɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɿɹɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɜɿɞɞɿɬɟɣ
ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ + ɩɪɢ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɬɟɩɥɚɄɨɧɮɨɪɤɚɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹ
əɤɳɨɩɿɞɱɚɫɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɝɨɟɬɚɩɭɩɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ
ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɬɢɦɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɿ ɰɟɣ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ
ɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɱɟɪɟɡɫɟɤɭɧɞɿɩɪɨɡɜɭɱɢɬɶɫɟɪɿɹɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɯɫɢɝɧɚɥɿɜ
ɳɨɫɜɿɞɱɢɬɢɦɟɩɪɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɤɨɧɮɨɪɨɤ
ɍɪɚɡɿɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɨʀɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢɧɚ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟʀɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ+
ɇɚɜɿɬɶ ɹɤɳɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɹ ɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜɚɧɚ ɜɢ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ
ɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɭ
əɤɳɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜɚɧɚ ɥɢɲɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɚ ɚ ɰɟɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɨ ɜɢ
ɩɨɱɭɽɬɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɿ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɿ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢ ɹɤɿ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɬɢɦɭɬɶ ɳɨ ɜɫɹ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɚ
8$
Ⱦɥɹɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɩɨɞɜɿɣɧɨɝɨɤɿɥɶɰɹɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɚɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɚ
ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɨɸ ɚ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ
ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɛɭɬɢɜɢɳɢɦ
ɍɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɩɨɞɜɿɣɧɨʀɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ
ɉɟɪɲɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɟɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɤɧɨɩɤɢɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹɜɦɢɤɚɽɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ
ɤɿɥɶɰɟ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ əɤɳɨ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɤɿɥɶɰɟ ɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɨ
ɫɜɿɬɥɨɞɿɨɞɧɢɣɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɫɜɿɬɢɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹɧɚɞɤɧɨɩɤɨɸɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ
Ⱦɪɭɝɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɟɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɤɧɨɩɤɢɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹɜɢɦɢɤɚɽɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ
ɤɿɥɶɰɟɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢȼɢɩɨɱɭɽɬɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɩɿɫɥɹ
ɤɨɠɧɨɝɨɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɤɧɨɩɤɢɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ
ɍɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɩɨɬɪɿɣɧɨʀɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ
ɉɟɪɲɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɟ ɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɜɦɢɤɚɽ ɩɟɪɲɟ
ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɤɿɥɶɰɟ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ əɤɳɨ ɩɟɪɲɟ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɤɿɥɶɰɟ
ɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɨ ɧɚɞ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɸ ɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɫɜɿɬɢɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹ
ɫɜɿɬɥɨɞɿɨɞɧɢɣɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɥɿɜɢɣɫɜɿɬɥɨɞɿɨɞɧɢɣɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ
ɡ ɩɨɬɪɿɣɧɨɸ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɨɸ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɿɣ ɿ ɽɞɢɧɢɣ ɫɜɿɬɥɨɞɿɨɞɧɢɣ
ɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɡɩɨɞɜɿɣɧɨɸɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɨɸ
Ⱦɪɭɝɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɟ ɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɜɦɢɤɚɽ ɞɪɭɝɟ
ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɤɿɥɶɰɟ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ əɤɳɨ ɞɪɭɝɟ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɟ ɤɿɥɶɰɟ
ɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɨɧɚɞɤɧɨɩɤɨɸɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹɫɜɿɬɢɬɢɦɭɬɶɫɹɫɜɿɬɥɨɞɿɨɞɧɿ
ɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢ
Ɍɪɟɬɽɤɨɪɨɬɤɟɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɤɧɨɩɤɢɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹɜɢɦɢɤɚɽɩɟɪɲɟɿ
ɞɪɭɝɟɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿɤɿɥɶɰɹɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ
ȼɢɩɨɱɭɽɬɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɩɿɫɥɹɤɨɠɧɨɝɨɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ
ɉɨɞɜɿɣɧɿɉɨɬɪɿɣɧɿɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɿɹɦɨɫɬɚ
Ɇɿɫɬɦɨɠɧɚɚɤɬɢɜɭɜɚɬɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɹɤɳɨɨɛɢɞɜɿɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɨ
əɤɳɨɜɢɛɪɚɧɚɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɚɦɨɫɬɚɳɨɛɚɤɬɢɜɭɜɚɬɢɮɭɧɤɰɿɸɦɨɫɬɚ
ɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɧɚɬɢɫɧɭɬɢɤɧɨɩɤɭɦɨɫɬɚ
ȼɢɩɨɱɭɽɬɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɩɿɫɥɹɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɿʀɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ
ɡɚɫɜɿɬɢɬɶɫɹɫɜɿɬɥɨɞɿɨɞɧɢɣɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ
Ɉɛɢɞɜɿɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢɜɦɨɫɬɿɛɭɞɭɬɶɜɢɛɪɚɧɿɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨ
ɉɿɫɥɹɜɢɛɨɪɭɤɨɧɮɨɪɨɤɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɣɬɟɛɚɠɚɧɢɣɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ
ɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤɿ
Ɉɛɢɞɜɚɞɢɫɩɥɟʀ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɨɤ ɭ ɦɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɢɦɭɬɶɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɢɣ
ɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɊɨɛɨɬɚɮɭɧɤɰɿʀɩɪɢɩɢɧɢɬɶɫɹ
ɉɿɫɥɹɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɤɧɨɩɤɢɦɨɫɬɚɜɪɟɠɢɦɿɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɶ
əɤɳɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɜɢɛɟɪɟɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ
Ɂɚɩɨɛɿɝɚɧɧɹɩɟɪɟɥɢɜɚɧɧɸ
ɓɨɫɶɨɛɽɤɬɱɢɪɿɞɢɧɚɭɬɪɢɦɭɽɤɧɨɩɤɭɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɛɿɥɶɲɧɿɠɫ
Ɂɜɭɱɚɬɢɦɭɬɶɤɨɪɨɬɤɿɡɜɭɤɨɜɿɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɞɨɜɝɢɣɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥ
ɤɨɠɧɿ ɫ ɩɨɤɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɛɭɞɟ ɧɚɬɢɫɧɭɬɚ ȼɚɪɢɥɶɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹ
ɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹ ɐɟɣɫɢɦɜɨɥɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɢɬɶɛɥɢɦɚɬɢɞɨɤɢɿɫɧɭɽ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ
Ɍɚɣɦɟɪ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɿɸ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨʀ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢɚɛɨɠɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨɝɨɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɤɧɨɩɨɤɿ
ȼɨɛɢɞɜɨɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯɜɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɛɪɚɬɢɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɭɬɚɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢʀʀ
ɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɜɢɳɟ
ȼɢɛɟɪɿɬɶɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɭɞɥɹɹɤɨʀɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɬɚɣɦɟɪɊɿɜɟɧɶ
ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ ɜɢɳɢɣ ɡɚ ɇɚ ɟɤɪɚɧɿ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ ɡɿ
ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɦɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹɫɬɚɬɢɱɧɢɣɫɢɦɜɨɥ
ɧɚɟɤɪɚɧɿɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ
ɑɚɫɧɚɬɚɣɦɟɪɿɦɨɠɧɚɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɨɤɿ
ɉɪɢɡɦɿɧɿɱɚɫɭɡɜɭɤɨɜɿɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɧɟɥɭɧɚɬɢɦɭɬɶ
ȼɢ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɫɤɚɫɭɜɚɬɢ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹ
ɧɚɬɢɫɧɭɜɲɢɨɞɧɨɱɚɫɧɨɣɨɝɨɤɧɨɩɤɢ
əɤɳɨ ɧɚɬɢɫɧɭɬɢ ɬɚ ɭɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɱɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ
ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨɱɚɫɭɦɨɠɧɚɡɞɿɣɫɧɢɬɢɲɜɢɞɤɿɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɉɪɢɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɿɱɚɫɭɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɜɢɦɨɠɟɬɟɩɟɪɟɣɬɢɜɿɞ
ɞɨɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɧɨɩɤɢɚɜɿɞɞɨ±ɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɢɣɱɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɯɜɢɥɢɧ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɚɫɜɢɣɲɨɜɿɥɭɧɚɸɬɶɤɨɪɨɬɤɿɡɜɭɤɨɜɿɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɧɚɬɢɫɧɿɬɶ
ɛɭɞɶɹɤɭɤɧɨɩɤɭɳɨɛɡɭɩɢɧɢɬɢɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɬɚɫɤɢɧɭɬɢɱɚɫɧɚ
ɟɤɪɚɧɿ
ȼɢ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɬɢ ɱɚɫ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɤɨɥɢ ɜɿɧ ɩɪɚɰɸɽ ɡɚ
ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɦɢɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɢ
ɉɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢɞɥɹɹɤɨʀɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɬɚɣɦɟɪɦɨɠɧɚ
ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɬɢɛɟɡɜɩɥɢɜɭɧɚɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ
ȼɿɞɥɿɤɨɫɬɚɧɧɶɨʀɯɜɢɥɢɧɢɜɟɫɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹɜɫɟɤɭɧɞɚɯɞɥɹ
ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɜɚɪɿɚɧɬɿɜ ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɲɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɿ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɩɿɞɱɚɫɨɫɬɚɧɧɶɨʀɯɜɢɥɢɧɢɜɿɞɥɿɤɭ
ɇɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɤɧɨɩɤɢɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɛɟɡɜɢɛɨɪɭɛɭɞɶɹɤɨʀɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ
ɬɚɛɟɡɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɞɥɹɛɭɞɶɹɤɨʀɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢɧɟɞɚɫɬɶ
ɠɨɞɧɨɝɨɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɭ
ɇɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɧɹɤɧɨɩɤɢɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɛɟɡɜɢɛɨɪɭɛɭɞɶɹɤɨʀɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ
ɬɚɩɿɫɥɹɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɞɥɹɤɿɥɶɤɨɯɤɨɧɮɨɪɨɤɩɨɱɟɪɝɨɜɨ
ɡɦɿɧɢɬɶɱɚɫɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣɧɚɟɤɪɚɧɚɯɬɚɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɢɦɟɱɚɫɬɿɽʀ
ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢɞɟɧɚɟɤɪɚɧɿɪɿɜɧɹɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɨɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜɢɣ
ɪɨɡɞɿɥɸɜɚɱ
ɇɚ ɤɨɧɮɨɪɰɿ ɞɟ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɩɨɱɟɪɝɨɜɨ
ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹɩɨɬɭɠɧɿɫɬɶɫɿɫ
ɇɚɟɤɪɚɧɿɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹɱɚɫɳɨɡɚɥɢɲɢɜɫɹəɤɳɨ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɞɥɹɤɿɥɶɤɨɯɤɨɧɮɨɪɨɤɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹ
ɬɨɣɱɚɫɹɤɨɝɨɡɚɥɢɲɢɥɨɫɹɧɚɣɦɟɧɲɟɚɧɚɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭɟɤɪɚɧɿ
ɜɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɢɦɟɬɶɫɹɞɟɫɹɬɤɨɜɢɣɪɨɡɞɿɥɸɜɚɱ
ȱɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚ
ɞɥɹɿɧɮɪɚɱɟɪɜɨɧɢɯɤɨɧɮɨɪɨɤ!ɪɨɡɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɨ
Ɍɿɠɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢɦɨɠɭɬɶɬɚɤɨɠɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɥɹɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚȾɥɹɰɶɨɝɨɩɨɬɪɿɛɧɨɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɢɝɪɚɮɿɤɑɚɫ
ɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚ Iɪɿɜɟɧɶɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿɪɨɛɨɱɢɣɱɚɫ
əɤɳɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚ ɫɤɥɹɧɿɣ ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɿɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɽ
&ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɰɟɛɭɞɟɩɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɧɚɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟʀɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɥɿɬɟɪɢ+
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɢɪɨɛɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɩɨɧɚɞ & ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɚ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ
ɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɩɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɭɹɤɢɣ ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɿɞɪɿɜɧɹ
ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɉɿɫɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɹɤ ɰɟɣ ɱɚɫ ɫɩɥɢɜɟ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢɡɹɜɢɬɶɫɹɫɢɝɧɚɥɩɪɨɡɚɥɢɲɤɨɜɟɬɟɩɥɨ
Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɟɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
əɤɳɨ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɿɨɞɭ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɟ
ɡɦɿɧɸɜɚɜɫɹɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɚɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɚɜɢɦɤɧɟɬɶɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɢɣɱɚɫɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦɹɤɨɝɨɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɚɦɨɠɟɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɬɢ
ɡɚɥɟɠɢɬɶɜɿɞɜɢɛɪɚɧɨɝɨɪɟɠɢɦɭɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
Ɋɿɜɟɧɶ
ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ
Ɇɚɤɫɱɚɫ
ɪɨɛɨɬɢɝɨɞ
3
ɉɊɂɆȱɌɄȺɪɨɛɨɬɚɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɧɚɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɢɯɪɿɜɧɹɯ
ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ ɜɿɞɪɟɝɭɥɸɽ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɳɨɛ ɡɚɯɢɫɬɢɬɢ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸɜɿɞɩɟɪɟɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ
ɈɑɂɓȿɇɇəɌȺɈȻɋɅɍȽɈȼɍȼȺɇɇə
ɉɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɨɛɿɬɡɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɞɚɣɬɟʀɣɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɬɢ
ɋɥɿɞɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɬɭɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɸɤɪɟɦɢɿɲɤɪɟɛɤɢ
ɹɤɚ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɨɧɶ Ȳʀ
ɦɨɠɧɚɡɧɚɣɬɢɜɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɯɡɬɟɯɧɿɤɨɸ
ɍɧɢɤɚɣɬɟ ɪɨɡɥɢɜɿɜ ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɛɭɞɶɳɨ ɳɨ ɩɨɬɪɚɩɥɹɽ ɧɚ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸɲɜɢɞɤɨɩɪɢɝɨɪɚɽɬɚɭɫɤɥɚɞɧɸɽʀʀɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɹ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɪɢɦɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɥɿ ɜɿɞ ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɜɫɿ
ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧɢ ɹɤɿ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɡɞɚɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɜɢɬɢɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ
ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɢɰɭɤɨɪɚɛɨɰɭɤɪɨɜɿɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ
ɈȻɋɅɍȽɈȼɍȼȺɇɇə
ɇɚɧɟɫɿɬɶ ɤɿɥɶɤɚ ɤɪɚɩɟɥɶ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɸɱɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɨɛɭ ɧɚ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸ
ȼɢɬɪɿɬɶ ɛɭɞɶɹɤɿ ɫɬɿɣɤɿ ɩɥɹɦɢ ɦɹɤɨɸ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɨɸ ɚɛɨ ɡɥɟɝɤɚ
ɜɨɥɨɝɨɸɫɟɪɜɟɬɤɨɸ
ɉɪɨɬɢɪɚɣɬɟ ɦɹɤɨɸ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɨɸ ɚɛɨ ɫɭɯɨɸ ɫɟɪɜɟɬɤɨɸ ɞɨɤɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɧɟɫɬɚɧɟɱɢɫɬɨɸ
əɤɳɨɜɫɟɳɟɡɚɥɢɲɢɥɢɫɹɫɬɿɣɤɿɩɥɹɦɢ
Ⱦɨɞɚɣɬɟɳɟ ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨʀɦɢɸɱɨʀɪɿɞɢɧɢɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɿɬɶɲɤɪɟɛɤɨɦɬɪɢɦɚɸɱɢɣɨɝɨɩɿɞɤɭɬɨɦɩɨ
ɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɸɞɨɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨʀɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɩɨɤɢɩɥɹɦɢɧɟɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ
ɉɪɨɬɢɪɚɣɬɟ ɦɹɤɨɸ ɬɤɚɧɢɧɨɸ ɚɛɨ ɫɭɯɨɸ ɫɟɪɜɟɬɤɨɸ ɞɨɤɢ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɧɟɫɬɚɧɟɱɢɫɬɨɸ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɿɬɶɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭɩɪɢɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ
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Ȼɭɞɶɹɤɚ ɡɦɿɧɚ ɤɨɥɶɨɪɭ ɫɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ ɧɟ
ɜɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɧɚ ɪɨɛɨɬɭ ɱɢ ɫɬɿɣɤɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ Ɍɚɤɿ ɡɦɿɧɢ
ɤɨɥɶɨɪɭɜɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦɭɽɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɡɝɨɪɿɥɢɯɡɚɥɢɲɤɿɜ
ʀɠɿ ɚɛɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ ɡ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜ ɹɤ
ɚɥɸɦɿɧɿɣɚɛɨɦɿɞɶɰɢɯɩɥɹɦɢɜɚɠɤɨɩɨɡɛɭɬɢɫɹ
ȾȿɄȱɅɖɄȺɉɈɊȺȾ
ɑɚɫɬɟ ɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽ ɡɚɯɢɫɧɢɣ ɲɚɪ ɹɤɢɣ ɦɚɽ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɞɥɹɡɚɩɨɛɿɝɚɧɧɹɩɨɞɪɹɩɢɧɿɡɧɨɫɭɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨ
ɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹ ɱɢɫɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ ɓɨɛ ɩɨɡɛɚɜɢɬɢɫɹ ɫɥɿɞɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɜɨɞɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ
ɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɚɤɪɚɩɟɥɶɛɿɥɨɝɨɨɰɬɭɚɛɨɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɤɭɉɨɬɿɦɩɪɨɬɪɿɬɶ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸɜɨɥɨɝɨɩɨɝɥɢɧɚɸɱɨɸɫɟɪɜɟɬɤɨɸɡɞɟɤɿɥɶɤɨɦɚɤɪɚɩɥɹɦɢ
ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨʀɦɢɸɱɨʀɪɿɞɢɧɢ
ɋɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɿɱɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹ ɽ ɫɬɿɣɤɨɸ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɪɹɩɢɧ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ ɡ
ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦ ɞɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɟ ɤɪɚɳɟ ɡɚɜɠɞɢ ɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɬɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ
ɩɟɪɟɦɿɳɟɧɧɿɡɨɞɧɿɽʀɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢɧɚɿɧɲɭ
Ɂɚɩɚɦɹɬɚɣɬɟ
ɇɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɧɚɞɬɨɜɨɥɨɝɭɝɭɛɤɭ
ɇɿɤɨɥɢɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɧɿɠɱɢɜɢɤɪɭɬɤɭ
ɒɤɪɟɛɨɤɡɥɟɡɨɦɧɟɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɶɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸɹɤɳɨɣɨɝɨɬɪɢɦɚɬɢ
ɩɿɞɤɭɬɨɦ
ɇɿɤɨɥɢɧɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɲɤɪɟɛɨɤɡɥɟɡɨɦɭɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɦɭɞɥɹɞɿɬɟɣ
ɦɿɫɰɿ
ɇɿɤɨɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɿ ɦɢɸɱɿ ɡɚɫɨɛɢ ɚɛɨ
ɩɨɪɨɲɤɢɞɥɹɱɢɳɟɧɧɹ
Ɇɟɬɚɥɟɜɟ ɨɛɪɚɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɳɨɛ ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨ ɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɢ ɦɟɬɚɥɟɜɟ
ɨɛɪɚɦɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɦɢɣɬɟɣɨɝɨɜɨɞɨɸɡɦɢɥɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɣɬɟɬɚɩɪɨɬɪɿɬɶ
ɫɭɯɨɸɦɹɤɨɸɬɤɚɧɢɧɨɸ
ɆɈɀɅɂȼȱɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɂɌȺȲɏȼɂɊȱɒȿɇɇə
Ʉɨɧɮɨɪɤɢɧɟɤɢɩɹɬɹɬɶɚɛɨɬɿɥɶɤɢɫɥɚɛɨɫɦɚɠɚɬɶ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɥɢɲɟɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɿɡɩɥɨɫɤɢɦɞɧɨɦəɤɳɨɦɿɠ
ɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɟɸɬɚɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɨɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɟɸɽɩɪɨɦɿɠɨɤɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɚ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɹɬɢɦɟɬɟɩɥɨȾɧɨɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɿɩɨɜɢɧɧɨ
ɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɜɤɪɢɜɚɬɢɜɟɫɶɞɿɚɦɟɬɪɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ
ɉɪɢɝɨɬɭɜɚɧɧɹʀɠɿɽɧɚɞɬɨɩɨɜɿɥɶɧɢɦ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹɧɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɿȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟɬɿɥɶɤɢ
ɜɚɠɤɢɣɩɨɫɭɞɡɩɥɨɫɤɢɦɞɧɨɦɞɿɚɦɟɬɪɹɤɨɝɨɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽɞɿɚɦɟɬɪɭ
ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ
ɇɟɡɧɚɱɧɿɩɨɞɪɹɩɢɧɢɱɢɩɨɬɟɪɬɨɫɬɿɧɚɫɤɥɹɧɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞɭ
ɉɪɢɱɢɧɨɸɽɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɟɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɹɚɛɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɶ
ɡɧɟɪɿɜɧɢɦɞɧɨɦɱɚɫɬɢɧɤɢɬɚɤɿɹɤɩɿɳɢɧɤɢɚɛɨɫɿɥɶ
ɩɨɬɪɚɩɥɹɸɬɶɦɿɠɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɭɬɚɧɢɠɧɸɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɿ
ȾɢɜɪɨɡɞɿɥɈɑɂɓȿɇɇəɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ
ɩɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɞɧɨɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɿɽɱɢɫɬɢɦɢɿɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɣɬɟ
ɬɿɥɶɤɢɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɿɡɝɥɚɞɤɢɦɞɧɨɦɉɨɞɪɹɩɢɧɢɦɨɠɧɚɡɦɟɧɲɢɬɢ
ɬɿɥɶɤɢɜɢɤɨɧɭɸɱɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɟɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɹ
Ɇɟɬɚɥɟɜɿɫɥɿɞɢ
ɍɧɢɤɚɣɬɟɤɨɜɡɚɧɧɹɚɥɸɦɿɧɿɽɜɨɝɨɩɨɫɭɞɭɩɨɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
Ɂɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɫɹɞɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɿɣɳɨɞɨɨɱɢɳɟɧɧɹ
ȼɢɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɿɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɢɚɥɟɩɥɹɦɢɜɫɟɳɟ
ɡɚɥɢɲɚɸɬɶɫɹɋɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɣɬɟɫɹɲɤɪɟɛɤɨɦɬɚɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɹ
ɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɣɡɪɨɡɞɿɥɭɈɑɂɓȿɇɇə
Ɍɟɦɧɿɩɥɹɦɢ
ɋɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɣɬɟɫɹɲɤɪɟɛɤɨɦɬɚɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɹɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɣɡɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ
Ɉɑɂɓȿɇɇə
ɋɜɿɬɥɿɡɨɧɢɧɚɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɐɟɫɥɿɞɢɜɿɞɚɥɸɦɿɧɿɽɜɢɯɱɢɦɿɞɧɢɯɤɚɫɬɪɭɥɶɚɬɚɤɨɠɜɿɞ
ɦɿɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɢɯɜɨɞɹɧɢɯɱɢɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɯɜɿɞɤɥɚɞɟɧɶʀɯɦɨɠɧɚ
ɩɨɡɛɭɬɢɫɹɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɤɪɟɦɨɜɨɝɨɦɢɸɱɨɝɨɡɚɫɨɛɭ
ɇɚɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿɪɨɡɩɥɚɜɢɜɫɹɰɭɤɨɪɱɢɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɚ
ȾɢɜɪɨɡɞɿɥɈɑɂɓȿɇɇə
ȼɚɪɢɥɶɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɜɢɣɲɥɚɡɥɚɞɭɚɛɨɧɟɩɪɚɰɸɸɬɶɞɟɹɤɿ
ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ
ɒɭɧɬɢɧɚɤɥɟɦɧɿɣɤɨɥɨɞɰɿɧɟɜɿɞɪɟɝɭɥɶɨɜɚɧɿ
ɉɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹɬɚɛɥɨɤɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɚɧɟɥɿɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹ
Ɋɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɣɬɟɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸ
ȼɚɪɢɥɶɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɧɟɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɚɽɬɶɫɹɜɿɞɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɉɚɧɟɥɶɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɧɹɡɚɛɥɨɤɨɜɚɧɚɊɨɡɛɥɨɤɭɣɬɟɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸ
ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɤɨɧɮɨɪɨɤ
ɐɢɤɥɢɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɧɹɜɿɞɪɿɡɧɹɸɬɶɫɹɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɞɨ
ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɝɨɪɿɜɧɹɧɚɝɪɿɜɚɧɧɹ
ɧɢɡɶɤɢɣɪɿɜɟɧɶɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢ
ɜɢɫɨɤɢɣɪɿɜɟɧɶɞɨɜɝɢɣɱɚɫɪɨɛɨɬɢ
ȼɚɪɢɥɶɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɧɟɩɪɚɰɸɽ
ɉɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɫɬɚɧɡɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɢɤɿɜɜɢɦɢɤɚɱɿɜɭɫɜɨɽɦɭɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɿ
ɉɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɱɢɧɟɦɚɽɩɟɪɟɩɚɞɿɜɧɚɩɪɭɝɢ
ȼɚɪɢɥɶɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɜɢɦɤɧɭɥɚɫɹɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨ
ȼɢɜɢɩɚɞɤɨɜɨɧɚɬɢɫɧɭɥɢɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɣɜɢɦɢɤɚɱɤɧɨɩɤɭ212))
ɚɛɨɠɧɚɤɧɨɩɰɿɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɿɣɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɉɪɢɛɟɪɿɬɶ
ɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɣɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɿɣɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɿɡɤɧɨɩɨɤɿɜɜɿɦɤɧɿɬɶɩɪɢɥɚɞɡɧɨɜɭ
ɍɜɟɞɿɬɶɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɫɜɨʀɧɚɥɚɲɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ȼɿɞɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɹɥɿɬɟɪɢ)ɬɚɱɢɫɟɥ
əɤɳɨɧɚɟɤɪɚɧɿɡɹɜɥɹɽɬɶɫɹɥɿɬɟɪɚ)ɿɱɢɫɥɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɶɭɩɪɢɥɚɞɿ
ɜɿɞɛɭɜɫɹɡɛɿɣɇɚɫɬɭɩɧɚɬɚɛɥɢɰɹɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɩɟɪɟɥɿɤɞɿɣɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶ
ɜɢɪɿɲɢɬɢɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ
ɉȱɋɅəɉɊɈȾȺɀɇȿɈȻɋɅɍȽɈȼɍȼȺɇɇə
ɉɟɪɲɧɿɠɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɬɢɮɚɯɿɜɰɹɿɡɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ
ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɬɟɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɟ
² ɳɨ ɜɢɥɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ
ɡɚɩɨɛɿɠɧɢɤɚ
əɤɳɨ ɜɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɜɢɹɜɢɬɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɭ ɧɟɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɜɢɦɤɧɿɬɶ
ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ² ɧɟ ɬɨɪɤɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɣɨɝɨ ² ɜɢɤɥɢɱɬɟ ɮɚɯɿɜɰɹ ɡ
ɩɿɫɥɹɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɉɪɢɥɚɞ ɩɨɫɬɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɿɣɧɢɦɬɚɥɨɧɨɦɹɤɢɣɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɢɣɪɟɦɨɧɬɜ
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ɍɪɚɡɿɜɢɧɢɤɧɟɧɧɹɩɨɦɢɥɤɢɜɿɞɤɥɸɱɿɬɶɿɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɩɿɞɤɥɸɱɿɬɶɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸɞɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɪɟɠɿ
əɤɳɨɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɧɟɜɢɪɿɲɢɥɚɫɶɡɚɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭɣɬɟɜɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣɰɟɧɬɪəɤɳɨɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɜɢɧɢɤɚɽɪɚɩɬɨɜɨ
ɩɿɞɱɚɫɡɜɢɱɚɣɧɨʀɪɨɛɨɬɢɡɚɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭɣɬɟɜɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣɰɟɧɬɪ
ɉɨɦɢɥɤɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɧɨɝɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ
ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɢɯɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ
Ɂɚɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɩɨɤɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɟɡɧɢɡɢɬɶɫɹȼɚɪɢɥɶɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɜɿɞɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɜɨɸɪɨɛɨɬɭ
ɩɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨɹɤɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɬɶɫɹɞɨɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ
Ɂɨɧɚɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɢɯɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɿɜɧɚɞɬɨ
ɝɚɪɹɱɚɿɜɫɿɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢɛɭɥɨɜɢɦɤɧɟɧɨ
Ɂɚɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɩɨɤɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɟɡɧɢɡɢɬɶɫɹəɤɳɨɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɧɟɡɧɢɤɚɽɩɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨɹɤɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɞɨɫɹɝɧɭɥɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɝɨɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭɣɬɟɜɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣɰɟɧɬɪ
Ɂɚɱɟɤɚɣɬɟɩɨɤɢɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɟɡɧɢɡɢɬɶɫɹəɤɳɨɩɨɜɿɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɹɧɟɡɧɢɤɚɽɩɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨɹɤɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɞɨɫɹɝɧɭɥɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɧɚɜɤɨɥɢɲɧɶɨɝɨɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭɣɬɟɜɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣɰɟɧɬɪ
Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɭɦɨɠɟɛɭɬɢɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɢɣ
ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹɳɨɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɉɟɪɟɤɨɧɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɳɨɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɬɨɪɤɚɸɬɶɫɹɫɤɥɹɧɨʀɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɇɚɞɦɿɪɧɚɱɭɬɥɢɜɿɫɬɶɛɭɞɶɹɤɨʀ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɐɹɩɨɦɢɥɤɚɫɬɨɫɭɽɬɶɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨʀɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢɤɥɚɜɿɚɬɭɪɢȼɨɧɚɡɧɢɤɚɽɩɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨɹɤɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ
ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɬɶɫɹɞɨɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹəɤɳɨɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɧɟ ɜɢɪɿɲɢɥɚɫɶɡɚɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭɣɬɟɜ
ɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣɰɟɧɬɪ
ɉɨɦɢɥɤɚɛɟɡɩɟɤɢɤɥɚɜɿɚɬɭɪɢ
ɐɹɩɨɦɢɥɤɚɫɬɨɫɭɽɬɶɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨʀɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɧɨɝɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹȼɨɧɚɡɧɢɤɚɽɩɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨɹɤ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ əɤɳɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɧɟ ɜɢɪɿɲɢɥɚɫɶ
ɡɚɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭɣɬɟɜɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣɰɟɧɬɪ
ɉɨɦɢɥɤɚɛɟɡɩɟɤɢɤɥɚɜɿɚɬɭɪɢ
ɐɹɩɨɦɢɥɤɚɫɬɨɫɭɽɬɶɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨʀɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɧɨɝɨɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹȼɨɧɚɡɧɢɤɚɽɩɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨɹɤ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɧɟɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ əɤɳɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɧɟ ɜɢɪɿɲɢɥɚɫɶ
ɡɚɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭɣɬɟɜɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣɰɟɧɬɪ
ɉɨɦɢɥɤɚɛɟɡɩɟɤɢɤɥɚɜɿɚɬɭɪɢ
Ɂɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɦɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɨɦɪɟɥɟɦɨɠɟɬɪɚɩɢɬɢɫɹɛɭɞɶɹɤɚɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚȼɿɞɤɥɸɱɿɬɶɜɚɪɢɥɶɧɭɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɸɜɿɞ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɪɟɠɿ ɡɚɱɟɤɚɣɬɟ ɯɜɢɥɢɧɭ ɬɚ ɜɜɿɦɤɧɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɥɚɞ ɡɧɨɜɭ əɤɳɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɧɟ ɜɢɪɿɲɢɥɚɫɶ
ɡɚɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭɣɬɟɜɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɣɰɟɧɬɪ
ɉɨɦɢɥɤɚɛɟɡɩɟɤɢɪɟɥɟ
ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ
Ɋɿɲɟɧɧɹ
Ⱦɢɫɩɥɟɣ
ɤɨɧɮɨɪɤɢ
Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɭɦɨɠɟɛɭɬɢɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɢɣ
8$
ɉɪɟɩɨɪɴɱɜɚɦɟɜɢɞɚɡɚɩɚɡɢɬɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɬɟɡɚ
ɦɨɧɬɚɠ ɢ ɞɚ ɝɢ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬɟ ɡɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɚ ɩɨ
ɤɴɫɧɨ ɉɪɟɞɢɞɚ ɦɨɧɬɢɪɚɬɟɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹɩɥɨɬ
ɨɬɛɟɥɟɠɟɬɟɧɟɝɨɜɢɹɫɟɪɢɟɧɧɨɦɟɪɜɫɥɭɱɚɣɱɟ
ɫɟɧɚɥɨɠɢɞɚɩɨɬɴɪɫɢɬɟɫɴɜɟɬɨɬ
ɫɥɟɞɩɪɨɞɚɠɛɟɧɢɹɨɬɞɟɥ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɭɪɟɞɴɬ ɢ ɧɟɝɨɜɢɬɟ
ɞɨɫɬɴɩɧɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɜɚɬ ɝɨɪɟɳɢ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɧɚ
ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɧɟ ȼɧɢɦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɞɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɤɨɫɜɚɬɟ
ɧɚɝɪɹɜɚɳɢɬɟ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ Ⱦɚ ɧɟ ɫɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚ
ɞɨɫɬɴɩ ɞɨ ɭɪɟɞɚ ɧɚ ɞɟɰɚ ɩɨɞ ɝɨɞɢɲɧɚ
ɜɴɡɪɚɫɬ ɨɫɜɟɧ ɚɤɨ ɧɟ ɫɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɜɚɬ
ɧɟɩɪɟɤɴɫɧɚɬɨɨɬɜɴɡɪɚɫɬɟɧ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɫɚɦɨ
ɩɪɟɞɩɚɡɢɬɟɥɢ ɡɚ ɩɥɨɬɨɜɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢ ɨɬ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɧɚɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹɭɪɟɞɢɥɢɭɤɚɡɚɧɢ
ɨɬɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɧɚɭɪɟɞɚɜɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɬɟɡɚ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɚɤɚɬɨɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɢɥɢɩɪɟɞɩɚɡɢɬɟɥɢ
ɡɚɩɥɨɬɨɜɟɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɜɭɪɟɞɚɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ
ɧɚ ɧɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɚɡɢɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ
ɞɨɜɟɞɟɞɨɡɥɨɩɨɥɭɤɢ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɝɨɬɜɟɧɟɬɨ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ
ɜɴɪɯɭ ɩɥɨɬ ɫ ɦɚɡɧɢɧɚɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɦɨɠɟɞɚ ɟ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨ ɢ ɞɚ ɞɨɜɟɞɟ ɞɨ ɩɨɠɚɪ ɇɂɄɈȽȺ ɧɟ
ɨɩɢɬɜɚɣɬɟ ɞɚ ɩɨɝɚɫɹɜɚɬɟ ɩɨɠɚɪ ɫ ɜɨɞɚ ɚ
ɢɡɤɥɸɱɟɬɟ ɭɪɟɞɚ ɢ ɩɨɤɪɢɣɬɟ ɩɥɚɦɴɤɚ
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫ ɤɚɩɚɤ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɨ
ɨɞɟɹɥɨ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬ ɨɬ ɩɨɠɚɪ ɧɟ
ɫɴɯɪɚɧɹɜɚɣɬɟɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢɜɴɪɯɭɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ
ɡɚɝɨɬɜɟɧɟ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɚɤɨ ɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɟ
ɧɚɩɭɤɚɧɚɧɟɞɨɤɨɫɜɚɣɬɟɫɬɴɤɥɨɬɨɢɢɡɤɥɸɱɟɬɟ
ɭɪɟɞɚɡɚɞɚɢɡɛɟɝɧɟɬɟɪɢɫɤɚɨɬɬɨɤɨɜɭɞɚɪ
Ɍɨɡɢɭɪɟɞɦɨɠɟɞɚɫɟɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɨɬɞɟɰɚɧɚɢ
ɩɨɜɟɱɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɢ ɢ ɨɬ ɥɢɰɚ ɫ ɧɚɦɚɥɟɧɢ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɟɧɡɨɪɧɢɢɥɢɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɢ
ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɢɥɢɥɢɩɫɚɧɚɨɩɢɬɢɡɧɚɧɢɹɚɤɨɟ
ɨɫɢɝɭɪɟɧ ɧɚɞɡɨɪ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠ ɨɬɧɨɫɧɨ
ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɧɟɬɨɧɚɭɪɟɞɚɩɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɟɧɧɚɱɢɧɢ
ɬɟɡɢɥɢɰɚɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɧɢɬɟɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
Ⱦɟɰɚɬɚɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɫɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɜɚɬɡɚɞɚɧɟɫɟ
ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɞɚɫɢɢɝɪɚɹɬɫɭɪɟɞɚɉɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɧɟɬɨɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɬɚ ɩɨɞɞɪɴɠɤɚ ɧɟ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ
ɢɡɜɴɪɲɜɚɬɨɬɞɟɰɚɛɟɡɧɚɞɡɨɪ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿɩɪɨɰɟɫɴɬɧɚɝɨɬɜɟɧɟɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɫɟ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɜɚɄɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɢɹɬɩɪɨɰɟɫɧɚɝɨɬɜɟɧɟ
ɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɛɴɞɟɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɜɚɧɧɟɩɪɟɤɴɫɧɚɬɨ
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɧɨ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɪɴɱɜɚ ɞɚ ɞɴɪɠɢɬɟ
ɞɟɰɚɬɚɞɚɥɟɱɨɬɡɨɧɢɬɟɡɚɝɨɬɜɟɧɟɞɨɤɚɬɨɬɟ
ɫɟɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬɢɥɢɤɨɝɚɬɨɫɚɢɡɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɞɨɤɚɬɨ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɴɬɡɚɨɫɬɚɬɴɱɧɚɬɨɩɥɢɧɚɟɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ
ɡɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢ ɪɢɫɤɴɬ ɨɬ ɫɟɪɢɨɡɧɢ
ɢɡɝɪɹɧɢɹ
Ɍɨɡɢɭɪɟɞɧɟɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɞɚɫɟɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚ
ɱɪɟɡɜɴɧɲɟɧɬɚɣɦɟɪɢɥɢɨɬɞɟɥɧɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɡɚ
ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɟɧɤɨɧɬɪɨɥ
ɇɟ ɝɥɟɞɚɣɬɟ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɧɨ ɜ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɬɟ ɧɚ
ɯɚɥɨɝɟɧɧɚɬɚɥɚɦɩɚɧɚɩɥɨɬɚɚɤɨɢɦɚɬɚɤɚɜɚ
ɋɜɴɪɠɟɬɟ ɳɟɩɫɟɥ ɤɴɦ ɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɢɹ ɤɚɛɟɥ
ɤɨɣɬɨɟɜɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɞɚɩɨɧɟɫɟɧɚɩɪɟɠɟɧɢɟɬɨ
ɬɨɤɚɢɧɚɬɨɜɚɪɜɚɧɟɬɨɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɧɚɬɚɛɟɥɤɚɬɚɢ
ɢɦɚɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɡɚɡɚɡɟɦɹɜɚɧɟɓɟɩɫɟɥɴɬɬɪɹɛɜɚ
ɞɚɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɡɚɧɚɬɨɜɚɪɜɚɧɟɬɨɩɨɫɨɱɟɧɨɧɚ
ɟɬɢɤɟɬɚɢɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɟɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɤɴɦɡɚɡɟɦɹɜɚɳ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɞɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɢ Ɂɚɡɟɦɹɜɚɳɢɹɬ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤ ɟ ɠɴɥɬɨɡɟɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɰɜɹɬ Ɍɚɡɢ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɜɚ ɨɬ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɚɧ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɧɚ
ɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂɂɁȺȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌ
%*
ɧɟɫɴɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɦɟɠɞɭɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɢɳɟɩɫɟɥɚɧɚ
ɭɪɟɞɚ ɫɟ ɨɛɴɪɧɟɬɟ ɤɴɦ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɚɧ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɤ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɞɚ ɡɚɦɟɧɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɫ
ɞɪɭɝ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳ ɬɢɩ ɓɟɩɫɟɥɴɬ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɴɬ
ɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɨɬɝɨɜɚɪɹɬɧɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɚɳɢɬɟɧɨɪɦɢɧɚ
ɞɴɪɠɚɜɚɬɚɧɚɢɧɫɬɚɥɚɰɢɹɬɚ
ɋɜɴɪɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɤɴɦ ɢɡɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɧɟ
ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɢ ɢ ɱɪɟɡ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɧɟ ɧɚ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɟɧ ɩɪɟɤɴɫɜɚɱ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɪɟɞɚ ɢ
ɢɡɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɧɟ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ
ɩɨɧɟɫɟɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɧɨɬɨɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɨɧɚɬɨɜɚɪɜɚɧɟɢ
ɤɨɣɬɨ ɟ ɜ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɚɳɨɬɨ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɫɬɜɨ
ɀɴɥɬɨɡɟɥɟɧɢɹɬ ɡɚɡɟɦɹɜɚɲɤɚɛɟɥ ɧɟɬɪɹɛɜɚ
ɞɚɫɟ ɩɪɟɤɴɫɜɚɨɬɩɪɟɤɴɫɜɚɱɚ Ƚɧɟɡɞɨɬɨɢɥɢ
ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɧɢɹɬ ɩɪɟɤɴɫɜɚɱ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɧɢ ɡɚ
ɜɪɴɡɤɚɬɚɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɫɚɥɟɫɧɨɞɨɫɬɴɩɧɢɤɨɝɚɬɨ
ɭɪɟɞɴɬɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɚɧ
ɉɪɟɤɴɫɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɪɴɡɤɚɬɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ
ɩɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɱɪɟɡɞɨɫɬɴɩɧɨɫɬɧɚɳɟɩɫɟɥɚɢɥɢɱɪɟɡ
ɜɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɧɚɩɪɟɜɤɥɸɱɜɚɬɟɥɜɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɬɨ
ɨɤɚɛɟɥɹɜɚɧɟ ɜ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɬɚ ɡɚ
ɨɤɚɛɟɥɹɜɚɧɟ
Ⱥɤɨ ɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɢɹɬ ɤɚɛɟɥ ɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟɧ ɬɨɣ
ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɨɞɦɟɧɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɬ
ɧɟɝɨɜ ɫɟɪɜɢɡɟɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɚɧɢ ɥɢɰɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɛɟɝɧɟ
ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬ Ɂɚɡɟɦɢɬɟɥɧɢɹɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤ ɠɴɥɬɨ
ɡɟɥɟɧ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɟ ɩɨɞɴɥɴɝ ɨɬ PP ɨɬ
ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɤɥɟɦɧɚɬɚ ɤɭɬɢɹ ɋɟɤɰɢɹɬɚ ɫ
ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɰɢɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɚ
ɡɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚɩɨɝɴɥɧɚɬɚɨɬ ɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹɩɥɨɬ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɟɬɢɤɟɬɚȼɢɞɴɬɧɚ ɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɢɹ
ɤɚɛɟɥɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɟ+299)
ɇɟɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɣɬɟɦɟɬɚɥɧɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢɤɚɬɨɧɨɠɨɜɟ
ɜɢɥɢɰɢ ɥɴɠɢɰɢɢɥɢ ɤɚɩɚɰɢ ɜɴɪɯɭɩɥɨɬɚɌɟ
ɦɨɠɟɞɚɫɟɧɚɝɪɟɹɬ
ȼɴɪɯɭ ɧɚɝɪɹɜɚɳɢɬɟ ɡɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɚɥɭɦɢɧɢɟɜɨ ɮɨɥɢɨ ɢ ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɨɜɢ
ɫɴɞɨɜɟ
ɋɥɟɞɜɫɹɤɚɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ
ɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɬɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢ
ɧɚɬɪɭɩɜɚɧɟɧɚɡɚɦɴɪɫɹɜɚɧɢɹɢɦɚɡɧɢɧɢȺɤɨ
ɬɟɡɢɡɚɦɴɪɫɹɜɚɧɢɹɛɴɞɚɬɨɫɬɚɜɟɧɢɬɟɳɟɫɟ
ɧɚɝɪɟɹɬɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɩɪɢɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɧɟɧɚɩɥɨɬɚɢ
ɳɟ ɢɡɝɨɪɹɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɣɤɢ ɩɭɲɟɤ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɚ
ɦɢɪɢɡɦɚɛɟɡɞɚɫɟɫɩɨɦɟɧɚɜɚɬɪɢɫɤɨɜɟɬɟɨɬ
ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟɧɚɩɨɠɚɪ
ɇɢɤɨɝɚ ɧɟ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɚɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɪɟɣ ɩɨɞ
ɜɢɫɨɤɨɧɚɥɹɝɚɧɟɡɚɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɧɟɧɚɭɪɟɞɚ
ɇɟɞɨɤɨɫɜɚɣɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɧɢɬɟɡɨɧɢɩɨɜɪɟɦɟ
ɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɢɥɢɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɫɥɟɞɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɚ
ɇɢɤɨɝɚɧɟɩɪɢɝɨɬɜɹɣɬɟɯɪɚɧɚɞɢɪɟɤɬɧɨɜɴɪɯɭ
ɫɬɴɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɧɢɹɩɥɨɬ
ȼɢɧɚɝɢ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɬɟ ɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢ
ɫɴɞɨɜɟ
ȼɢɧɚɝɢɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɣɬɟɫɴɞɚɜɰɟɧɬɴɪɚɧɚɤɨɬɥɨɧɚ
ɜɴɪɯɭ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɝɨɬɜɢɬɟ ɇɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɣɬɟ ɧɢɳɨ
ɜɴɪɯɭɩɚɧɟɥɚɡɚɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɇɟ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɥɨɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɚ
ɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬ
ɇɟ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɴɫɤɚ ɡɚ
ɪɹɡɚɧɟ
ɇɟɫɴɯɪɚɧɹɜɚɣɬɟɬɟɠɤɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢɧɚɞɩɥɨɬɚ
Ⱥɤɨɬɟɩɚɞɧɚɬɜɴɪɯɭɩɥɨɬɚɦɨɝɚɬɞɚɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɬ
ɩɨɜɪɟɞɚ
ɇɟ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɥɨɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɴɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɧɢɤɚɤɜɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢ
ɇɟɩɥɴɡɝɚɣɬɟɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɫɴɞɨɜɟɩɨɩɥɨɬɚ
Ɉɫɬɚɜɟɬɟɪɚɡɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɨɬɩɨɧɟ
PPɦɟɠɞɭɩɥɨɬɚɢɡɚɞɧɚɬɚ
ɫɬɪɚɧɚɢɩɨɧɟPPɦɟɠɞɭ
ɩɥɨɬɚɢɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɧɢɬɟɦɟɛɟɥɢ
ɢɥɢ ɫɬɟɧɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɱɧɚɬɚ
ɫɬɪɚɧɚ Ⱥɤɨ ɫɚ ɦɨɧɬɢɪɚɧɢ
ɦɟɛɟɥɢɧɚɞɩɥɨɬɚ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɧɨɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɪɚɡɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɟPP
ɉɪɢɦɨɧɬɢɪɚɧɟɧɚɲɢɪɦɧɚɞ
ɩɥɨɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɟɬɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɚ ɫ
ɢɡɢɫɤɜɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɦɨɧɬɚɠ
ɩɨɫɨɱɟɧɢ ɡɚ ɲɢɪɦɚ ɧɨ ɜɴɜ
ɜɫɟɤɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɪɚɡɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɬɨ
ɦɟɠɞɭɩɥɨɬɚɢɲɢɪɦɚɬɪɹɛɜɚ
ɞɚɟɧɟɩɨɦɚɥɤɨɨɬPP
ɉɊɈȾɍɄɌɈȼɄɈȾɌ
ɂɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɬɚɛɟɥɤɚɪɚɡɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚɩɨɞɞɨɥɧɚɬɚ
ɨɛɲɢɜɤɚɧɚɩɥɨɬɚ
ɈȻɓɂɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂə
ɋɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɧɟɧɚɡɧɚɤɚɧɚɬɨɡɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɧɢɟɩɨɬɜɴɪɠɞɚɜɚɦɟ
ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɫɜɫɢɱɤɢɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɢɡɢɫɤɜɚɧɢɹɡɚɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɧɚɡɞɪɚɜɟɬɨɢɨɤɨɥɧɚɬɚɫɪɟɞɚɤɨɢɬɨɫɚɩɪɢɥɨɠɢɦɢɡɚ
ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɹɬɚɧɚɬɨɡɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ
ɁȺɓɂɌȺɇȺɈɄɈɅɇȺɌȺɋɊȿȾȺ
Ɍɨɡɢ ɭɪɟɞ ɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɫɴɝɥɚɫɧɨ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɬɚ
ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ȿɋ ɨɬɧɨɫɧɨ ɨɬɩɚɞɴɰɢ ɨɬ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɜɚɧɟɈȿȿɈ
ɈȿȿɈ ɫɴɞɴɪɠɚ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɡɚɦɴɪɫɹɜɚɳɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɤɨɢɬɨɦɨɝɚɬɞɚɢɦɚɬɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɢɩɨɫɥɟɞɢɰɢɡɚ
ɨɤɨɥɧɚɬɚɫɪɟɞɚɬɚɤɚɢɛɚɡɨɜɢɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɢɤɨɢɬɨ
ɦɨɝɚɬɞɚɫɟɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨȼɚɠɧɨɟɞɚ
ɩɨɞɥɨɠɢɬɟɈȿȿɈɧɚɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɚɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɡɚɞɚ
ɩɪɟɦɚɯɧɟɬɟɢɞɚɢɡɯɜɴɪɥɢɬɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨɜɫɢɱɤɢɡɚɦɴɪɫɢɬɟɥɢɢ
ɞɚɜɴɡɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɢɪɟɰɢɤɥɢɪɚɬɟɜɫɢɱɤɢɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢ
ɏɨɪɚɬɚɦɨɝɚɬɞɚɢɝɪɚɹɬɜɚɠɧɚɪɨɥɹɩɪɢɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɚɧɟɱɟɈȿȿɈ
ɧɹɦɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɜɴɪɧɟ ɜ ɟɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɧ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɟ ɞɚ
ɫɥɟɞɜɚɬɟɧɹɤɨɢɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ
ɈȿȿɈɧɟɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɫɟɬɪɟɬɢɪɚɤɚɬɨɛɢɬɨɜɚɫɦɟɬ
ɈȿȿɈ ɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚ ɫɟɩɪɟɞɚɞɟɧɚ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɧɢɬɟɫɴɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɧɢ
ɩɭɧɤɬɨɜɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɜɚɧɢ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɢɧɫɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɚɧɢ
ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢȼɦɧɨɝɨɞɴɪɠɚɜɢɦɨɠɟɞɚɫɟɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɫɴɛɢɪɚɧɟɢ
ɢɡɜɨɡɜɚɧɟɧɚɈȿȿɈɩɨɞɨɦɨɜɟɬɟ
ȼɦɧɨɝɨɞɴɪɠɚɜɢɤɨɝɚɬɨɤɭɩɭɜɚɬɟɧɨɜɭɪɟɞɫɬɚɪɢɹɬɦɨɠɟɞɚ
ɫɟɜɴɪɧɟɧɚɬɴɪɝɨɜɟɰɚɧɚɞɪɟɛɧɨɤɨɣɬɨɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɝɨɜɡɟɦɟ
ɛɟɡɩɥɚɬɧɨɜɡɚɦɹɧɚɧɚɧɨɜɢɹɭɪɟɞɞɨɤɨɥɤɨɬɨɭɪɟɞɴɬɟɨɬ
ɟɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɟɧɬɢɩɢɢɦɚɫɴɳɢɬɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɤɚɤɬɨ
ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɟɧɢɹ
Ɇɨɧɬɢɪɚɧɟɬɨɧɚɞɨɦɚɤɢɧɫɤɢɭɪɟɞɟɫɥɨɠɧɚɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɤɨɹɬɨɚɤɨɧɟɫɟ
ɢɡɜɴɪɲɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɢɦɚ ɫɟɪɢɨɡɧɨ ɜɴɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɴɪɯɭ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɤɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɥɢ ɯɨɪɚ ɉɨ ɬɚɡɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ
ɦɨɧɬɢɪɚɧɟɬɨ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɜɚ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɢɨɧɚɥɧɨ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɚɧɢɥɢɰɚɜɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɫɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɬɟɪɟɝɭɥɚɰɢɢ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɣɱɟɬɨɡɢɫɴɜɟɬɛɴɞɟɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɧɚɬ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɚɥɢɪɚɧɟɬɨɛɴɞɟ
ɢɡɜɴɪɲɟɧɨɨɬɧɟɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɚɧɨɥɢɰɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɬɧɹɦɚɞɚɧɨɫɢ
ɧɢɤɚɤɜɚ ɨɬɝɨɜɨɪɧɨɫɬ ɡɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɩɨɜɪɟɞɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɟɞɚɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ
ɞɚɥɢ ɳɟ ɞɨɜɟɞɚɬ ɞɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɥɢ ɞɨ
ɧɚɪɚɧɹɜɚɧɟɧɚɯɨɪɚɢɥɢɠɢɜɨɬɧɢ
ɋɥɟɞ ɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɹɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɨɩɚɤɨɜɤɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɭɜɟɪɟɬɟ ɱɟ ɭɪɟɞɴɬ ɧɟ ɟ
ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟɧȼɩɪɨɬɢɜɟɧɫɥɭɱɚɣɫɟɫɜɴɪɠɟɬɟɫɬɴɪɝɨɜɟɰɚɧɚɞɪɟɛɧɨɢɥɢ
ɫɴɫɫɥɟɞɩɪɨɞɚɠɛɟɧɢɹɨɬɞɟɥɧɚɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ
ɍɜɟɪɟɬɟɫɟɱɟɦɟɛɟɥɢɬɟɜɤɨɢɬɨɳɟɫɟɜɝɪɚɠɞɚɭɪɟɞɴɬɤɚɤɬɨɢɜɫɢɱɤɢ
ɞɪɭɝɢɦɟɛɟɥɢɜɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɫɚɢɡɪɚɛɨɬɟɧɢɨɬɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɤɨɢɬɨɦɨɝɚɬɞɚ
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ȼ ɞɨɩɴɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɢ ɥɚɦɢɧɚɬɢ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɚɬ
ɮɢɤɫɢɪɚɧɢɫɜɢɫɨɤɨɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɥɟɩɢɥɨ
ɍɪɟɞɴɬ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɦɨɧɬɢɪɚ ɜɴɜ ɜɝɪɚɞɟɧɚ ɦɟɛɟɥ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟɧ ɢ
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ɨɛɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɨɟ ɞɨɫɬɴɩɟɧ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɢɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɧɟɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚɫɟ
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ɮɭɪɧɚɬɚɫɩɨɪɟɞɧɟɣɧɢɬɟɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɢɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɢɢɡɢɫɤɜɚɧɢɹ
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ɢɥɢ ɫ ɦɨɤɴɪ ɩɪɴɫɬ ɧɚɩɨɟɧ ɫ
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ɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɪɚ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚɬɚ ɧɚ
ɩɪɟɤɴɫɜɚɱɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɢɝɚɬɚ ɧɟɩɪɟɤɴɫɧɚɬɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɡɟɦɢɬɟɥɧɚɬɚ
ɜɪɴɡɤɚɤɴɦɢɧɫɬɚɥɚɰɢɹɬɚɢɞɚɥɢɩɪɟɞɩɚɡɢɬɟɥɹɬɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳ
ȿɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɫɜɴɪɡɜɚɧɟ ɤɴɦ ɢɧɫɬɚɥɚɰɢɹɬɚ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ
ɢɡɜɴɪɲɢɜɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɫɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɧɚɬɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɧɚɭɪɟɞɚɬɨɜɚ
ɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɫɟɢɡɜɴɪɲɢɱɪɟɡɩɚɤɟɬɟɧɢɡɤɥɸɱɜɚɬɟɥ
Ⱥɤɨɭɪɟɞɴɬɢɦɚɳɟɩɫɟɥɧɚɤɭɬɢɹɬɹɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɫɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɚɬɚɤɚɱɟ
ɳɟɩɫɟɥɧɚɬɚɤɭɬɢɹɞɚɟɞɨɫɬɴɩɧɚ
ɀɴɥɬɨɡɟɥɟɧɢɹɬɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɧɚɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɢɹɤɚɛɟɥɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɫɟ
ɫɜɴɪɠɟɤɚɤɬɨɤɴɦɡɚɡɟɦɢɬɟɥɹɧɚɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɧɟɬɨɬɚɤɚɢɤɴɦ
ɤɥɟɦɢɬɟɧɚɭɪɟɞɚ
Ɂɚɜɫɹɤɚɤɜɢɜɴɩɪɨɫɢɨɬɧɨɫɧɨɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɢɹɤɚɛɟɥɫɟɨɛɪɴɳɚɣɬɟ
ɤɴɦɫɥɟɞɩɪɨɞɚɠɛɟɧɢɹɨɬɞɟɥɢɥɢɤɴɦɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɚɧɬɟɯɧɢɤ
Ⱥɤɨɩɥɨɬɴɬɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɚɧɫɴɫɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɤɚɛɟɥɬɨɣɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɫɟ
ɫɜɴɪɠɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɤɴɦ ɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɧɟ ɨɬ 9 ɦɟɠɞɭ ɮɚɡɚ ɢ
ɧɟɭɬɪɚɥɧɨɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ȼɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɟɨɛɚɱɟɩɥɨɬɴɬɞɚɫɟɫɜɴɪɠɟɤɴɦ
Ɍɪɢɮɚɡɟɧɬɨɤ9
Ɍɪɢɮɚɡɟɧɬɨɤ91
Ɂɚɞɚɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɫɧɨɜɚɬɚɜɪɴɡɤɚɫɥɟɞɜɚɣɬɟɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɬɟɩɨ
ɞɨɥɭ
ɉɪɟɞɢ ɞɚ ɨɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟ ɜɪɴɡɤɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɭɜɟɪɟɬɟ ɱɟ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɴɬ ɟ
ɡɚɳɢɬɟɧɨɬɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɩɪɟɞɩɚɡɢɬɟɥɢɟɫɧɚɛɞɟɧɫɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɰɢɧɚ
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɴɱɧɨɝɨɥɹɦɚɫɟɤɰɢɹɡɚɧɨɪɦɚɥɧɨɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɧɟɧɚɭɪɟɞɚ
Ɉɛɴɪɧɟɬɟɩɥɨɬɚɬɚɤɚɱɟɫɬɴɤɥɟɧɚɬɚɫɬɪɚɧɚɞɚɟɫɪɟɳɭɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɹ
ɩɥɨɬɤɚɬɨɜɧɢɦɚɜɚɬɟɞɚɡɚɳɢɬɢɬɟɫɬɴɤɥɨɬɨ
ɨɬɜɢɧɬɟɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɧɚɬɚɫɤɨɛɚij
ɧɚɦɟɪɟɬɟɞɜɟɬɟɭɲɢɪɚɡɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɢ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɟɬɟɨɫɬɪɢɟɬɨɧɚɩɥɨɫɤɚɨɬɜɟɪɬɤɚɩɪɟɞɜɫɹɤɨɨɬɭɲɢɬɟ
ijɢijɛɭɬɧɟɬɟɧɚɜɴɬɪɟɢɧɚɬɢɫɧɟɬɟ
ɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɟɬɟɤɚɩɚɤɚ
Ɂɚɞɚɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɟɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɢɹɤɚɛɟɥ
Ɉɬɫɬɪɚɧɟɬɟ ɜɢɧɬɨɜɟɬɟ ɡɚɞɴɪɠɚɳɢ ɤɥɟɦɧɚɬɚ ɤɭɬɢɹ ɤɨɹɬɨ
ɫɴɞɴɪɠɚ ɲɭɧɬɨɜɢɬɟ ɲɢɧɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɰɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɢɹ
ɤɚɛɟɥ
ɂɡɞɴɪɩɚɣɬɟɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɢɹɤɚɛɟɥɧɚɜɴɧ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɚɬ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɟɧɢ ɡɚ
ɨɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɹɜɚɧɟɧɚɧɨɜɚɜɪɴɡɤɚ
ɂɡɛɟɪɟɬɟɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɢɹɤɚɛɟɥɜɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɫɩɪɟɩɨɪɴɤɢɬɟ
ɨɬɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɬɚ
ɉɪɨɤɚɪɚɣɬɟɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɢɹɤɚɛɟɥɩɪɟɡɫɤɨɛɚɬɚ
ɈɝɨɥɟɬɟPPɨɬɤɪɚɹɧɚɜɫɟɤɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɧɚɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɢɹ
ɤɚɛɟɥ ɤɚɬɨ ɜɡɟɦɟɬɟ ɩɨɞ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɬɚ ɞɴɥɠɢɧɚ ɧɚ
ɤɚɛɟɥɚɡɚɫɜɴɪɡɜɚɧɟɧɚɤɥɟɦɧɚɬɚɤɭɬɢɹ
ɋɩɨɪɟɞɦɨɧɬɚɠɚɢɫɩɨɦɨɳɬɚɧɚɲɭɧɬɨɜɢɬɟɲɢɧɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢ
ɜɩɪɟɞɢɲɧɚɬɚɫɬɴɩɤɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɚɣɬɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɰɢɬɟɤɚɤɬɨɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɧɚɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɬɚ
Ɏɢɤɫɢɪɚɣɬɟɤɚɩɚɤɚ
Ɂɚɜɢɧɬɟɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɧɚɬɚɫɤɨɛɚ
Ɂɚɛɟɥɟɠɤɚɭɜɟɪɟɬɟɫɟɱɟɜɢɧɬɨɜɟɬɟɧɚɤɥɟɦɧɚɬɚɤɭɬɢɹɡɚ
ɡɞɪɚɜɨɡɚɬɟɝɧɚɬɢ
Ɉɬɜɨɪɟɬɟɤɚɩɚɤɚɜɫɥɟɞɧɚɬɚɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɚɬ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɟɧɢ ɡɚ
ɨɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɹɜɚɧɟɧɚɧɨɜɚɜɪɴɡɤɚ
ɂɡɛɟɪɟɬɟɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɢɹɤɚɛɟɥɜɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɫɩɪɟɩɨɪɴɤɢɬɟ
ɨɬɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɬɚ
ɉɪɨɤɚɪɚɣɬɟɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɢɹɤɚɛɟɥɩɪɟɡɫɤɨɛɚɬɚ
ɈɝɨɥɟɬɟPPɨɬɤɪɚɹɧɚɜɫɟɤɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɧɚɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɢɹ
ɤɚɛɟɥ ɤɚɬɨ ɜɡɟɦɟɬɟ ɩɨɞ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɬɚ ɞɴɥɠɢɧɚ ɧɚ
ɤɚɛɟɥɚɡɚɫɜɴɪɡɜɚɧɟɧɚɤɥɟɦɧɚɬɚɤɭɬɢɹ
ɋɩɨɪɟɞ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɬɚ ɧɚ
ɲɭɧɬɨɜɢɬɟɲɢɧɢɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɜ
ɩɪɟɞɢɲɧɚɬɚ ɫɬɴɩɤɚ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɚɣɬɟ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɰɢɬɟ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ
ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɬɚ
Ɏɢɤɫɢɪɚɣɬɟɤɚɩɚɤɚ
Ɂɚɜɢɧɬɟɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɧɚɬɚɫɤɨɛɚ
ɒɍɇɌ
1 ɇɟɭɬɪɚɥɧɚ
7 Ɂɟɦɹ
3K Ɏɚɡɚ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ
Ⱥɤɨɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɚɩɨɞɦɟɧɢɬɟɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɳɢɹɤɚɛɟɥɫɜɴɪɠɟɬɟ
ɠɢɰɚɬɚɜɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟɫɴɫɫɥɟɞɧɢɬɟɰɜɟɬɨɜɟɤɨɞɨɜɟ
ɊȺɁɉɈɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ
ɊȺɁɉɈɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ
ȿȾɇɈɎȺɁȿɇɢɥɢȾȼɍɎȺɁȿɇɌɈɄ9a
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ɇɟɭɬɪɚɥɧɚ
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Ɂɟɦɹ
ɋɜɴɪɜɚɧɟɤɴɦɤɥɟɦɢɬɟɜɤɥɟɦɧɚɬɚɤɭɬɢɹ
ȿɞɧɨɮɚɡɟɧɬɨɤ9a Ⱦɜɭɮɚɡɟɧɬɨɤ9a
Ɍɪɢɮɚɡɟɧɬɨɤ9a Ɍɪɢɮɚɡɟɧɬɨɤ91a
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ɂɁɉɈɅɁȼȺɇȿ
ȼɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɢɡɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɧɚɧɚɝɪɹɜɚɳɚɬɚɡɨɧɚ
ɁɚɞɚɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥȾɨɤɨɫɧɟɬɟɤɨɹɬɨɢɞɚɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɧɚ
ɡɨɧɚ ɡɚ ɦɢɥɢɫɟɤɭɧɞɢ ɓɟ ɫɟ ɱɭɟ ɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɟɧ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɫɬɨɣɧɨɫɬɬɚijɳɟɫɟɩɨɹɜɢɤɚɬɨɰɢɮɪɚɜɰɟɥɟɜɚɬɚɡɨɧɚ
ɭɤɚɡɜɚɳɚɧɢɜɨɬɨɧɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ
Ⱥɤɨ ɟɬɚɩɴɬ ɧɚ ɝɨɬɜɟɧɟ ɟ ɜɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɬɨɡɢɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɳɟ ɫɟ
ɢɡɤɥɸɱɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ ɫɥɟɞ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɢ ɢ ɳɟ ɩɪɨɡɜɭɱɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬɬɚɧɚɢɡɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɧɚɡɨɧɚɬɚ
Ⱥɤɨɢɦɚɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɹɡɚɨɫɬɚɬɴɱɧɚɬɨɩɥɢɧɚɧɚɞɢɫɩɥɟɹɤɨɣɬɨɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɫɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɳɟɫɟɩɨɹɜɢɩɪɟɜɤɥɸɱɜɚɳɚɫɟij
Ⱥɤɨɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɡɚɡɚɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɧɟɦɨɠɟɬɟɞɚɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ
ɡɨɧɚ
Ɂɚ ɞɚ ɢɡɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥ Ⱦɨɤɨɫɧɟɬɟ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɢ ɞɚ ɟ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɧɚɡɨɧɚɡɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɢɓɟɩɪɨɡɜɭɱɚɬɤɪɚɬɤɢɡɜɭɤɨɜɢ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɢɜɰɟɥɟɜɚɬɚɡɨɧɚɧɹɦɚɞɚɫɟɩɨɹɜɢɧɢɳɨɢɥɢɳɟɫɟɩɨɹɜɢ
ɋɔȼȿɌɈɌɇɈɋɇɈȽɈɌȼȺɊɋɄɂɌȿ
ɋɔȾɈȼȿɉɈȾɏɈȾəɓɂɁȺɉɅɈɌɈȼȿ
ɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɧɟɬɨɧɚɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɢɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɫɴɞɨɜɟɟɤɪɢɬɢɱɧɨɜɚɠɧɨɡɚ
ɩɨɥɭɱɚɜɚɧɟɧɚɧɚɣɞɨɛɪɢɬɟɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬɢɨɬɜɚɲɢɹɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɩɥɨɬ
ȼɢɧɚɝɢ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɢ ɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢ ɫɴɞɨɜɟ ɫɴɫ
ɫɴɜɴɪɲɟɧɨɝɥɚɞɤɢɢɩɥɴɬɧɢɨɫɧɨɜɢɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɧɟɬɨɧɚɬɨɡɢɬɢɩ
ɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɫɴɞɨɜɟɳɟɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɚɧɟɬɨɧɚɝɨɪɟɳɢɬɨɱɤɢ
ɜɨɞɟɳɢɞɨɡɚɥɟɩɜɚɧɟɧɚɯɪɚɧɚɉɥɴɬɧɢɬɟɬɟɧɞɠɟɪɢɢɬɢɝɚɧɢɳɟ
ɨɫɢɝɭɪɹɬɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɪɚɡɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɬɨɩɥɢɧɚɬɚ
ɍɜɟɪɟɬɟɫɟɱɟɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɚɧɚɬɟɧɞɠɟɪɚɬɚɢɥɢɬɢɝɚɧɚɟɫɭɯɚ
ɩɪɢ ɩɴɥɧɟɧɟ ɧɚ ɫɴɞɨɜɟ ɫ ɬɟɱɧɨɫɬ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɫɴɞɨɜɟ
ɤɨɢɬɨɫɚɛɢɥɢɫɴɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɜɯɥɚɞɢɥɧɢɤɚɫɟɭɜɟɪɟɬɟɱɟɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɚ
ɧɚɫɴɞɚɟɧɚɩɴɥɧɨɫɭɯɚɩɪɟɞɢɞɚɹɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɜɴɪɯɭɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹ
ɩɥɨɬɌɨɜɚɳɟɫɩɨɦɨɝɧɟɡɚɢɡɛɹɝɜɚɧɟɧɚɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟɬɨɧɚɩɟɬɧɚɩɨ
ɩɥɨɬɚ
ɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɫɴɞɨɜɟ ɱɢɣɬɨ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɴɪ ɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɴɱɧɨ
ɲɢɪɨɤ ɧɚɩɴɥɧɨ ɞɚ ɩɨɤɪɢɟ ɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɥɨɧɚ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɴɬɧɚɫɴɞɚɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɟɧɟɩɨɦɚɥɴɤɨɬɧɚɝɪɹɜɚɳɚɬɚɡɨɧɚ
Ⱥɤɨɟɦɚɥɤɨɩɨɲɢɪɨɤɟɧɟɪɝɢɹɬɚɳɟɫɟɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɩɪɢɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɧɚ
ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬ
ɂɁȻɈɊɔɌɇȺȽɈɌȼȺɊɋɄɂɋɔȾɈȼȿɋɥɟɞɧɚɬɚɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
ɳɟɜɢɩɨɦɨɝɧɟɞɚɢɡɛɟɪɟɬɟɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɫɴɞɨɜɟɤɨɢɬɨɫɚɫɞɨɛɪɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɇɟɪɴɠɞɚɟɦɚɫɬɨɦɚɧɚɫɬɪɨɝɨɩɪɟɩɨɪɴɱɜɚɧɚɈɫɨɛɟɧɨɞɨɛɪɚɫ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚɨɬɫɚɧɞɜɢɱɟɜɚɨɛɲɢɜɤɚɋɚɧɞɜɢɱɟɜɚɬɚɨɫɧɨɜɚɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɚ
ɩɨɥɡɢɬɟɨɬɧɟɪɴɠɞɚɟɦɚɬɚɫɬɨɦɚɧɚɜɴɧɲɟɧɜɢɞɢɡɞɪɴɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɧɨɫɬ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɢɦɫɬɜɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɚɥɭɦɢɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɞɬɚ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɧɚɬɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɡɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɬɨɩɥɢɧɚɬɚ
ȺɥɭɦɢɧɢɣɩɪɟɩɨɪɴɱɜɚɫɟɝɨɥɹɦɨɬɟɝɥɨȾɨɛɪɚɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬ
Ⱥɥɭɦɢɧɢɟɜɢɬɟɨɫɬɚɬɴɰɢɩɨɧɹɤɨɝɚɫɟɩɨɹɜɹɜɚɬɤɚɬɨɧɚɞɪɚɫɤɜɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɩɥɨɬɚɧɨɦɨɝɚɬɞɚɛɴɞɚɬɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɚɤɨ ɛɴɞɚɬɩɨɱɢɫɬɟɧɢ
ɧɟɡɚɛɚɜɧɨ
ɉɨɪɚɞɢɧɢɫɤɚɬɚɬɨɱɤɚɧɚ ɬɨɩɟɧɟɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɫɟ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬɴɧɴɤ
ɚɥɭɦɢɧɢɣ
Ʌɹɬɨ ɠɟɥɹɡɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚ ɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɪɴɱɜɚ
ɇɟɞɨɛɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ Ɇɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɧɚɞɪɚɫɤɚ
ɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɬɚ
Ɇɟɞɧɨ ɞɴɧɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɪɴɱɜɚ ɫɟ ɝɨɥɹɦɨ ɬɟɝɥɨ Ⱦɨɛɪɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɧɨɦɟɞɬɚɦɨɠɟɞɚɨɫɬɚɜɢɫɥɟɞɢɤɨɢɬɨ
ɞɚ ɢɡɝɥɟɠɞɚɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɚɞɪɚɫɤɜɚɧɢɹ Ɉɫɬɚɬɴɰɢɬɟ ɦɨɝɚɬ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɚɬ
ɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɚɤɨɩɥɨɬɴɬɫɟɩɨɱɢɫɬɢɧɟɡɚɛɚɜɧɨȼɴɩɪɟɤɢɬɨɜɚɧɟ
ɨɫɬɚɜɹɣɬɟɬɚɤɢɜɚɫɴɞɨɜɟɞɚɜɪɹɬɛɟɡɬɟɱɧɨɫɬɉɪɟɝɪɟɬɢɹɬɦɟɬɚɥ
ɦɨɠɟɞɚɫɟɡɚɥɟɩɢɡɚɫɬɴɤɥɟɧɢɬɟɩɥɨɬɨɜɟɉɪɟɝɪɟɬɢɹɬɦɟɞɟɧɫɴɞ
ɳɟɨɫɬɚɜɢɫɥɟɞɚɤɨɹɬɨɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɬɪɚɣɧɨɩɟɬɧɨɜɴɪɯɭɩɥɨɬɚ
ɉɨɪɰɟɥɚɧɟɦɚɣɥȾɨɛɪɢɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɫɚɦɨɫɬɴɧɤɚ
ɝɥɚɞɤɚɩɥɨɫɤɚɨɫɧɨɜɚ
ɋɬɴɤɥɟɧɚ ɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɚ ɧɟ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɪɴɱɜɚ ɇɟɞɨɛɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɆɨɠɟɞɚɧɚɞɪɚɫɤɚɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɬɚ
ɂɡɛɨɪɧɚɡɨɧɚ
Ʉɨɝɚɬɨɟɞɧɚɡɨɧɚɟɜɟɱɟɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɧɟɢɡɛɪɚɧɢɬɟɡɨɧɢɤɨɢɬɨɫɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɳɟɫɜɟɬɧɚɬɫɩɨɧɢɫɴɤɢɧɬɟɧɡɢɬɟɬ
ɋ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɛɭɬɨɧɢ ij ɢɥɢ ij ɫɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɚɜɚ ɢɥɢ
ɧɚɦɚɥɹɜɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚɜɢɡɛɪɚɧɢɬɟɡɨɧɢ3
ɋɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɧɨɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟɧɚɛɭɬɨɧɢijɢɥɢijɧɢɜɨɬɨɧɚ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɚɜɚɧɚɦɚɥɹɜɚ ɧɟɩɪɟɤɴɫɧɚɬɨ ɉɪɢ ɛɴɪɡɨ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɚɜɚɧɟɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɚɧɢɜɨɚɡɚɩɨɜɢɫɨɤɨɧɢɜɨɧɚ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɪɭɝɨɤɪɚɬɤɨɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟɧɚɛɭɬɨɧɚɉɪɢ
ɛɴɪɡɨɭɜɟɥɢɱɚɜɚɧɟɧɚɦɚɥɹɜɚɧɟɧɟɫɟɱɭɜɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɫɢɝɧɚɥ
ɋɥɟɞ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɧɢɜɨ ɧɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ 3 ɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ
ɛɭɬɨɧɚɨɬɧɨɜɨɧɹɦɚɞɚɩɪɨɦɟɧɢɧɢɜɨɬɨɧɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚɧɚɋɥɟɞ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɧɟɧɚɧɢɜɨɧɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟɬɨɧɚɛɭɬɨɧɚɨɬɧɨɜɨ
ɧɹɦɚɞɚɩɪɨɦɟɧɢɧɢɜɨɬɨɧɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚɧɚ3
ɉɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɡɨɧɚ ɫ ɧɢɜɨ ɧɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɚɤɨ ɡɨɧɚɬɚ ɟ
ɝɨɪɟɳɚɳɟɩɪɟɦɢɝɜɚɧɚɞɢɫɩɥɟɹɋɥɟɞɫɟɤɭɧɞɢɳɟɢɡɱɟɡɧɟ
ɢɳɟɫɟɩɨɹɜɢɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɟɧɞɢɫɩɥɟɣɧɚɛɭɤɜɚɬɚÄ+³
Ʉɨɝɚɬɨ ɟ ɢɡɛɪɚɧ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥ ɢ ɛɭɬɨɧɢɬɟ ij ɢ ij ɛɴɞɚɬ
ɞɨɤɨɫɧɚɬɢɟɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɧɢɜɨɬɨɧɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚɳɟɫɬɚɧɟijɧɨ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɬɳɟɩɨɞɞɴɪɠɚɢɡɛɨɪɚɜɪɚɦɤɢɬɟɧɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɢȺɤɨ
ɢɦɚ ɡɚɞɚɞɟɧ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɡɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɴɬ ɳɟ ɫɟ ɢɡɤɥɸɱɢ
Ɍɨɜɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɢ ɫɚɦɨ ɜ ɧɹɤɨɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɨɬɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹɬɚɡɚɫɟɧɡɨɪɟɧɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɋɥɟɞɧɢɬɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɢɫɚɫɚɦɨɡɚɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɅɢɱɧɢɹɬɜɢɨɩɢɬɳɟɜɢɩɨɡɜɨɥɢ
ɞɚɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɚɬɟɬɟɡɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɤɴɦɜɚɲɢɹɜɤɭɫɢɧɚɜɢɰɢ
Ɍɨɜɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɨɠɟɞɚɫɟɢɡɜɴɪɲɢɤɨɝɚɬɨɤɥɚɜɢɲɢɬɟijɢij
ɛɴɞɚɬɞɨɤɨɫɧɚɬɢɟɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɋɥɟɞɬɨɜɚɩɪɢɜɫɹɤɨɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟɧɚɛɭɬɨɧɞɢɫɩɥɟɹɬɳɟɩɨɤɚɠɟÄ/³
ɡɚɫɟɤɭɧɞɢɇɚɝɪɹɜɚɧɟɬɨɨɫɬɚɜɚɜɫɴɳɨɬɨɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
Ɂɚ ɞɚ ɞɟɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɚɬɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɡɚ ɞɟɰɚ ɫɥɟɞɜɚɣɬɟ ɫɴɳɢɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɤɚɤɬɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɩɨɝɨɪɟɋɥɟɞɬɨɜɚɳɟɫɟɱɭɟɤɪɚɬɴɤɡɜɭɤɨɜ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɞɢɫɩɥɟɹɬɳɟɩɨɤɚɠɟɛɭɤɜɚɬɚÄQ³Ƚɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹɬɩɥɨɬɳɟ
ɨɫɬɚɧɟɧɟɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧ
ɁɚɛɟɥɟɠɤɚȺɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɡɚɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɡɚɞɟɰɚɳɟɫɟɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɚ
ɦɢɧɭɬɢɫɥɟɞɩɴɥɧɨɢɡɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɧɚɩɥɨɬɚɌɚɡɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɳɟɫɟ
ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ ɧɨ ɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɞɚ ɹ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢɪɚɬɟȼɢɠɬɟɬɨɱɤɚɬɚɡɚɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɫɤɢɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ
Ⱥɤɨ ɫɚɦɨɟɞɧɚɡɨɧɚ ɟɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɬɚɡɢɡɨɧɚ ɟɜɟɱɟɢɡɛɪɚɧɚɩɨ
ɩɨɞɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɧɟɛɟɡɞɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɚɧɚɬɢɫɧɟɬɟɡɚɤɪɚɬɤɨ
ɦɢɥɢɫɟɤɭɧɞɢɛɭɬɨɧɚɡɚɢɡɛɨɪ
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɚɜɚɧɟɧɚɦɚɥɹɜɚɧɟɧɚɧɢɜɨɬɨɧɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬ
Ɉɩɰɢɹɡɚɡɚɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɡɚɞɟɰɚ
ɫɬɨɣɧɨɫɬÄ+³ɚɤɨɢɦɚɨɫɬɚɬɴɱɧɚɬɨɩɥɢɧɚɁɨɧɚɬɚɳɟɫɟɢɡɤɥɸɱɢ
Ⱥɤɨ ɟɬɚɩɴɬ ɧɚ ɝɨɬɜɟɧɟ ɟ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɬɨɡɢ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɳɟ ɫɟ
ɢɡɤɥɸɱɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ ɫɥɟɞ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɢ ɢ ɳɟ ɩɪɨɡɜɭɱɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬɬɚɧɚɢɡɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɧɚɡɨɧɚɬɚ
Ⱥɤɨɢɦɚɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɹɡɚɨɫɬɚɬɴɱɧɚɬɨɩɥɢɧɚɧɚɞɢɫɩɥɟɹɤɨɣɬɨɟ
ɢɡɤɥɸɱɟɧɳɟɫɟɩɨɹɜɢÄ+³
Ⱦɨɪɢ ɚɤɨ ɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɡɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɞɚ
ɢɡɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɡɨɧɚ
Ⱥɤɨɟɚɤɬɢɜɟɧɫɚɦɨɟɞɢɧɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥ ɢɬɨɣɟɢɡɤɥɸɱɟɧɳɟ
ɩɪɨɡɜɭɱɚɬ ɤɪɚɬɤɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɭɤɚɡɜɚɳɢ ɱɟ ɰɟɥɢɹɬ
ɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɩɥɨɬɟɢɡɤɥɸɱɟɧ
%*
Ɂɚɞɚɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɞɜɨɟɧɭɞɴɥɠɟɧɤɨɬɥɨɧɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɚɬɚɝɥɚɜɧɚɡɨɧɚ
ɬɪɹɛɜɚɜɟɱɟɞɚɟɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɢɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɹɬɚɡɚɧɢɜɨɧɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬ
ɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɟɩɨɜɟɱɟɨɬ
Ⱦɜɨɣɧɚɡɨɧɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ
ɜɨɬɨ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɭɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɟɧ ɛɭɬɨɧ ɜɤɥɸɱɜɚ
ɭɞɴɥɠɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɥɨɧ/('ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɴɬɧɚɞɭɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɧɢɹɛɭɬɨɧɫɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɜɚɚɤɨɭɞɴɥɠɟɧɢɹɬɤɨɬɥɨɧɟɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ
ɪɨɬɨ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɭɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɟɧ ɛɭɬɨɧ ɢɡɤɥɸɱɜɚ
ɭɞɴɥɠɟɧɢɹɤɨɬɥɨɧ
Ʉɪɚɬɴɤɡɜɭɤɨɜɫɢɝɧɚɥɩɪɢɜɫɹɤɨɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟɧɚɭɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɟɧɛɭɬɨɧ
Ɍɪɨɣɧɚɡɨɧɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ
ɜɨɬɨ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɭɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɟɧɛɭɬɨɧ ɜɤɥɸɱɜɚɜɢɹ
ɭɞɴɥɠɟɧɤɨɬɥɨɧ /('ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɚɞɭɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɧɢɹ ɛɭɬɨɧɫɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɜɚ ɚɤɨ ɜɢɹɬ ɭɞɴɥɠɟɧɢ ɤɨɬɥɨɧ ɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɥɟɜɢɹɬ /('
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɜɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɚɬɪɨɣɧɚɡɨɧɚɫɪɟɞɧɢɹɬɢɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧ/('
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɜɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɚɞɜɨɣɧɚɡɨɧɚ
ɪɨɬɨɤɪɚɬɤɨɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟɧɚɭɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɟɧɛɭɬɨɧɢɡɤɥɸɱɜɚɪɢɹ
ɭɞɴɥɠɟɧɤɨɬɥɨɧ/('ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚɧɚɞɭɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɧɢɹɛɭɬɨɧɫɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɜɚɬɚɤɨɜɢɹɬɢɪɢɹɬɭɞɴɥɠɟɧɢɤɨɬɥɨɧɢɫɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢ
ɬɨɬɨɤɪɚɬɤɨɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟɧɚɭɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɟɧɛɭɬɨɧɢɡɤɥɸɱɜɚɜɢɹɢ
ɪɢɹɭɞɴɥɠɟɧɤɨɬɥɨɧ
Ʉɪɚɬɴɤɡɜɭɤɨɜɫɢɝɧɚɥɩɪɢɜɫɹɤɨɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟɧɚɭɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɟɧɛɭɬɨɧ
Ⱦɜɨɣɧɢɬɪɨɣɧɢɡɨɧɢ
Ɇɨɫɬɨɜɚɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ
Ɇɨɫɬɴɬɦɨɠɟɞɚɫɟɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɚɫɚɦɨɤɨɝɚɬɨɢɞɜɚɬɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɫɚ
ɢɡɤɥɸɱɟɧɢ ɂɡɛɢɪɚ ɫɟ ɟɞɢɧ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥ ɧɚ ɦɨɫɬɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɚɫɟɧɡɨɪɧɢɹɬɦɨɫɬɨɜɛɭɬɨɧɡɚɦɨɫɬɨɜɚɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ
ɉɪɨɡɜɭɱɚɜɚ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɢ /(' ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɴɬ ɧɚ ɡɨɧɚɬɚ ɫɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɜɚɚɤɨɡɨɧɚɬɚɟɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ
ɂɞɜɚɬɚɦɨɫɬɨɜɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɳɟɛɴɞɚɬɢɡɛɪɚɧɢɟɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɋɥɟɞ ɤɚɬɨ ɛɴɞɚɬ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢɬɟ ɚɤɨ ɧɢɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚɧɟɟɠɟɥɚɧɨɬɨɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɚɣɬɟɱɪɟɡɛɭɬɨɧɢɬɟɢ
Ⱦɢɫɩɥɟɢɬɟɢɧɚɞɜɚɬɚɦɨɫɬɨɜɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹɳɟɩɨɤɚɡɜɚɬɟɞɧɚɤɜɨ
ɧɢɜɨɧɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚɎɭɧɤɰɢɹɬɚɳɟɛɴɞɟɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɟɧɚ
Ⱥɤɨɛɴɞɟɧɚɬɢɫɧɚɬɦɨɫɬɨɜɢɹɬɛɭɬɨɧɜɪɟɠɢɦɧɚɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ
Ⱥɤɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɬɢɡɛɟɪɟɧɢɜɨɧɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚij
Ɂɚɳɢɬɚɫɪɟɳɭɩɪɟɥɢɜɚɧɟ
ɇɟɳɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɱɧɨɫɬ ɧɚɬɢɫɤɚ ɛɭɬɨɧ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɟɱɟ ɨɬ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɡɜɭɤɨɜɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɟɧ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɤɢ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɢ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ ɛɭɬɨɧɴɬ ɟ ɧɚɬɢɫɧɚɬ
Ƚɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹɬɩɥɨɬɳɟɫɟɢɡɤɥɸɱɢ Ɍɨɡɢɫɢɦɜɨɥɳɟɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɢ
ɞɚɩɪɟɦɢɝɜɚɞɨɤɚɬɨɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɬɨɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ
Ɍɚɣɦɟɪ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹɬɚɡɚ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɦɨɠɟɞɚ ɫɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɚɫɴɫ ɫɜɨɣɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ
ɛɭɬɨɧɢɥɢɱɪɟɡɟɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɞɨɤɨɫɜɚɧɟɧɚɛɭɬɨɧɢɬɟijɢij
ɂɜɞɜɚɬɚɫɥɭɱɚɹɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɛɴɞɟɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢɧɟɝɨɜɨɬɨ
ɧɢɜɨɧɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɟɩɨɜɟɱɟɨɬ
ɂɡɛɟɪɟɬɟɡɨɧɚɬɚɡɚɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɧɟɧɚɬɚɣɦɟɪɇɢɜɨɬɨɧɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɧɚ
ɡɨɧɚɬɚɟɩɨɜɟɱɟɨɬɋɬɚɬɢɱɧɨɫɟɩɨɤɚɡɜɚɜɡɨɧɚɬɚɡɚɤɨɹɬɨɳɟ
ɛɴɞɟɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɬɚɣɦɟɪijɜɰɢɮɪɢɬɟɡɚɩɚɡɟɧɢɡɚɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ
Ɍɚɣɦɟɪɴɬɦɨɠɟɞɚɫɟɢɡɛɟɪɟɬɟɫɤɥɚɜɢɲɢɬɟijɢɥɢijɇɟɫɟ
ɱɭɜɚɬɡɜɭɤɨɜɢɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɩɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɩɪɨɦɹɧɚɬɚ
ȿɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɬɨ ɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɛɭɬɨɧɢɬɟ ij ɧɚ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ
ɨɬɦɟɧɹɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɩɪɨɦɟɧɹɫɟɧɚ
Ⱥɤɨɛɭɬɨɧɢɬɟijɢɥɢijɧɚɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɫɟɡɚɞɴɪɠɚɬɧɚɬɢɫɧɚɬɢɩɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɧɟɬɨɩɨɥɭɱɚɜɚɬɟɞɨɫɬɴɩɞɨɛɴɪɡɚɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ
Ʉɨɝɚɬɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɜɚɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɟ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɚ
ɨɬɢɞɟɬɟɨɬijɞɨijɫɛɭɬɨɧɚijɢɨɬijɞɨijɫɛɭɬɨɧɚij
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɧɨɬɨɜɪɟɦɟɟɦɢɧɭɬɢ
ɋɥɟɞɢɡɬɢɱɚɧɟɧɚɜɪɟɦɟɬɨɢɩɪɨɡɜɭɱɚɜɚɧɟɧɚɡɜɭɤɨɜɫɢɝɧɚɥ
ɨɬɩɥɨɬɚɧɚɬɢɫɧɟɬɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɟɧɛɭɬɨɧɢɚɥɚɪɦɚɬɚɢɰɢɮɪɨɜɚɬɚ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬɳɟɛɴɞɚɬɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɟɧɢ
ȼɴɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɟ ɞɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɚɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪɴɬɟɛɢɥɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɚɧɩɪɟɞɢɬɨɜɚ
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚɧɚɡɨɧɚɬɚɫɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɬɚɣɦɟɪɦɨɠɟɞɚɫɟɩɪɨɦɟɧɢ
ɛɟɡɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɱɪɟɡɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢɪɚɧɟɧɚɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɚɬɚɦɢɧɭɬɚɳɟɛɴɞɟɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚɜɫɟɤɭɧɞɢɩɪɢ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɢ ɟ ɜɢɞɢɦɨ ɫɚɦɨ ɚɤɨ ɧɚɜɥɟɡɟɬɟ ɜ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɢɪɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɟɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɚɬɚ ɦɢɧɭɬɚ ɧɚ
ɨɬɛɪɨɹɜɚɧɟɬɨ
ɋɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟɬɨɧɚɛɭɬɨɧɚɧɚɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɛɟɡɢɡɛɪɚɧɚɡɨɧɚɢɛɟɡ
ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɬɚɣɦɟɪɤɴɦɧɢɤɨɹɡɨɧɚɧɟɫɟɢɡɜɴɪɲɜɚɧɢɳɨ
ɋɧɚɬɢɫɤɚɧɟɬɨɧɚɛɭɬɨɧɚɧɚɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɛɟɡɢɡɛɪɚɧɚɡɨɧɚɢɫ
ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɤɴɦ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɬɨ ɱɪɟɡ ɰɢɮɪɢɬɟ
ɜɪɟɦɟɫɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɹɧɚɪɨɬɚɰɢɨɧɟɧɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɜɚɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ
ɱɢɣɬɨɞɢɫɩɥɟɣɧɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚɟɫɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɚɧɞɟɫɟɬɢɱɟɧɡɧɚɤ
ȼ ɡɨɧɚɬɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɫɟ ɪɟɞɭɜɚɬ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞɢɢɫɟɤɭɧɞɢ
Ɉɫɬɚɜɚɳɨɬɨɜɪɟɦɟɫɟɩɨɤɚɡɜɚɜɰɢɮɪɢɬɟɡɚɩɚɡɟɧɢɡɚɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ
Ⱥɤɨɫɟɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɚɣɦɟɪɤɴɦɧɹɤɨɥɤɨɡɨɧɢɫɟɩɨɤɚɡɜɚɧɚɣɦɚɥɤɨɬɨ
ɨɫɬɚɜɚɳɨɜɪɟɦɟ ɢɞɟɫɟɬɢɱɧɢɹɬ ɡɧɚɤɫɟɩɨɤɚɡɜɚɜɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɬɚ
ɡɨɧɚ
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɡɚɨɫɬɚɬɴɱɧɚɬɨɩɥɢɧɚ
ɩɪɢɢɡɥɴɱɜɚɳɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢ!ɢɡɱɢɫɥɟɧɨ
ɋɴɳɢɬɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɢ ɦɨɝɚɬ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬ ɢ ɡɚ ɭɤɚɡɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ
Äɨɫɬɚɬɴɱɧɚɬɚ ɬɨɩɥɢɧɚ³ Ɂɚ ɬɚɡɢ ɰɟɥ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢ
ɪɚɡɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɨɫɬɚɜɚɳɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɧɚɝɪɹɜɚɧɟ Iɧɢɜɨɧɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɚ
Ⱦɨɤɚɬɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɬɚɧɚɫɬɴɤɥɟɧɚɬɚɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɚɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹ
R
ɩɥɨɬɟ ɧɚɞ & ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɧɚ ɫɬɨɣɧɨɫɬ ɬɨɜɚ ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɳɟɫɟ
ɩɨɤɚɠɟɧɚɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɧɢɹɞɢɫɩɥɟɣɱɪɟɡÄ+³
R
Ɂɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɞ & ɧɚɝɪɹɜɚɳ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ɬɪɹɛɜɚɞɚɪɚɛɨɬɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɤɨɟɬɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɨɬɧɢɜɨɬɨɧɚ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚɋɥɟɞɢɡɬɢɱɚɧɟɧɚɬɨɜɚɜɪɟɦɟɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɬɨɡɚ
ɨɫɬɚɬɴɱɧɚɬɨɩɥɢɧɚɳɟɫɟɩɨɤɚɠɟɤɨɝɚɬɨɧɚɝɪɹɜɚɳɢɹɬɟɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ɛɴɞɟɢɡɤɥɸɱɟɧ
Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɢɡɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɡɚɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬ
Ⱥɤɨ ɧɢɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɟ ɛɴɞɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɟɧɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɢɬɟ ɧɚ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɞɟɧ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɧɢɹɬ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥ ɫɟ
ɢɡɤɥɸɱɜɚɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɧɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɩɪɟɡ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɞɚɞɟɧ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ
ɨɫɬɚɧɟɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɡɚɜɢɫɢɨɬɢɡɛɪɚɧɨɬɨɧɢɜɨɧɚɝɨɬɜɟɧɟ
ɇɢɜɨɧɚ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ
Ɇɚɤɫɜɪɟɦɟɜɴɜ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ
ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɱɚɫɨɜɟ
3
ɁȺȻȿɅȿɀɄȺɞɨɤɚɬɨɦɨɠɟɞɚɜɴɡɧɢɤɧɟɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɧɚɩɪɟɝɪɹɜɚɧɟ
ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɣɜɢɫɨɤɨɬɨ ɧɢɜɨ ɧɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ
ɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹɬɩɥɨɬɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɳɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɚɧɢɜɨɬɨɧɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ
ɡɚɞɚɡɚɳɢɬɢɩɥɨɬɚɨɬɩɪɟɝɪɹɜɚɧɟ
ɉɈɑɂɋɌȼȺɇȿɂɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄȺɉɈȾȾɊɔɀɄȺ
ɉɪɟɞɢ ɞɚ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɢɬɟ ɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɞɪɴɠɤɚ ɩɨ
ɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹɩɥɨɬɨɫɬɚɜɟɬɟɝɨɞɚɫɟɨɯɥɚɞɢ
Ɍɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ ɤɪɟɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɢ
ɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɳɢɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɢɢɫɤɪɟɩɟɪɢɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɧɨɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢ
ɡɚ ɫɬɴɤɥɟɧɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɧɢ ɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɍɟ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɬ ɜ
ɠɟɥɟɡɚɪɫɤɢɬɟɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɢ
ɂɡɛɹɝɜɚɣɬɟɪɚɡɥɢɜɢɬɴɣɤɚɬɨɜɫɢɱɤɨɤɨɟɬɨɩɨɩɚɞɧɟɜɴɪɯɭ
ɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɬɚ ɳɟ ɢɡɝɨɪɢ ɛɴɪɡɨ ɢ ɳɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢ
ɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɧɟɬɨɩɨɬɪɭɞɧɨ
ɉɪɟɩɨɪɴɱɜɚɫɟɞɚɞɴɪɠɢɬɟɞɚɥɟɱɨɬɩɥɨɬɚɜɫɢɱɤɢɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɤɨɢɬɨɦɨɝɚɬɞɚɫɟɪɚɡɬɨɩɹɬɤɚɬɨɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɨɜɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢ
ɡɚɯɚɪɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɧɚɡɚɯɚɪɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɚ
ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄȺɉɈȾȾɊɔɀɄȺ
Ʉɚɩɧɟɬɟ ɧɹɤɨɥɤɨ ɤɚɩɤɢ ɨɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɳ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɜɴɪɯɭɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɬɚɧɚɩɥɨɬɚ
ɂɡɬɴɪɤɚɣɬɟ ɭɩɨɪɢɬɢɬɟ ɩɟɬɧɚ ɫ ɦɟɤɚ ɤɴɪɩɚ ɢɥɢ ɥɟɤɨ
ɧɚɜɥɚɠɧɟɧɚɤɭɯɧɟɧɫɤɚɯɚɪɬɢɹ
ɂɡɛɴɪɲɟɬɟɫɦɟɤɚɤɴɪɩɚɢɥɢɫɭɯɚɤɭɯɧɟɧɫɤɚɯɚɪɬɢɹɞɨɤɚɬɨ
ɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɬɚɟɱɢɫɬɚ
Ⱥɤɨɜɫɟɨɳɟɢɦɚɭɩɨɪɢɬɢɩɟɬɧɚ
Ʉɚɩɧɟɬɟɨɳɟɧɹɤɨɥɤɨɤɚɩɤɢɨɬɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɚɧɚɬɚɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɳɚ
ɬɟɱɧɨɫɬɩɨɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɬɚ
ɂɡɫɬɴɪɠɟɬɟ ɫɴɫ ɫɤɪɟɩɟɪ ɤɚɬɨ ɝɨ ɞɴɪɠɢɬɟ ɩɨɞ ɴɝɴɥ ɨɬ
ɫɩɪɹɦɨɩɥɨɬɚɞɨɤɚɬɨɩɟɬɧɚɬɚɢɡɱɟɡɧɚɬ
ɂɡɛɴɪɲɟɬɟɫɦɟɤɚɤɴɪɩɚɢɥɢɫɭɯɚɤɭɯɧɟɧɫɤɚɯɚɪɬɢɹɞɨɤɚɬɨ
ɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɬɚɟɱɢɫɬɚ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɟɬɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɬɨɚɤɨɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
%*
ɉɪɨɦɹɧɚɬɚɜɰɜɟɬɚɧɚɫɬɴɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɧɚɬɚ
ɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɟɜɥɢɹɟɧɚɧɟɣɧɨɬɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɚɧɟɢɥɢ
ɫɬɚɛɢɥɧɨɫɬɌɨɜɚɨɛɟɡɰɜɟɬɹɜɚɧɟɫɟɞɴɥɠɢɩɪɟɞɢɦɧɨ
ɧɚ ɨɫɬɚɬɴɰɢ ɨɬ ɢɡɝɨɪɟɧɚ ɯɪɚɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɧɟɧɚ
ɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢ ɫɴɞɨɜɟ ɢɡɪɚɛɨɬɟɧɢ ɨɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢ ɤɚɬɨ
ɚɥɭɦɢɧɢɣɢɥɢɦɟɞɬɟɡɢɩɟɬɧɚɫɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɡɚ
ɩɪɟɦɚɯɜɚɧɟ
ɇəɄɈɅɄɈɋɔȼȿɌȺɑɟɫɬɨɬɨɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɹɡɚɳɢɬɟɧɫɥɨɣ
ɤɨɣɬɨ ɟ ɜɚɠɟɧ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɹɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɞɪɚɫɤɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɢ
ɢɡɧɨɫɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɍɜɟɪɟɬɟ ɫɟ ɱɟ ɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɟ ɱɢɫɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɢ ɞɚ
ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬɟɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹɩɥɨɬɨɬɧɨɜɨɁɚɞɚɩɪɟɦɚɯɧɟɬɟɫɥɟɞɢɨɬ
ɜɨɞɚɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟɧɹɤɨɥɤɨɤɚɩɤɢɛɹɥɨɰɟɬɢɥɢɥɢɦɨɧɨɜɫɨɤɋɥɟɞ
ɬɨɜɚɢɡɛɴɪɲɟɬɟɫɩɨɩɢɜɚɳɚɯɚɪɬɢɹɢɧɹɤɨɥɤɨɤɚɩɤɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɚɧɚ ɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɳɚ ɬɟɱɧɨɫɬɋɬɴɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɧɚɬɚ
ɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɳɟɢɡɞɴɪɠɢɧɚɧɚɞɪɚɫɤɜɚɧɟɨɬɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɫɴɞɨɜɟɫ
ɩɥɨɫɤɨ ɞɴɧɨ ɧɨɟ ɜɢɧɚɝɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɟ ɞɚ ɝɢɩɨɜɞɢɝɚɬɟɤɨɝɚɬɨ ɝɢ
ɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɨɬɟɞɧɚɡɨɧɚɤɴɦɞɪɭɝɚ
ɁȺȻȿɅȿɀɄȺ
ɇɟ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɝɴɛɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɟ ɬɜɴɪɞɟ ɦɨɤɪɚ ɇɢɤɨɝɚ ɧɟ
ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟɧɨɠɢɥɢɨɬɜɟɪɬɤɚɋɤɪɟɩɟɪɫɛɪɴɫɧɚɪɫɤɨɧɨɠɱɟ
ɧɹɦɚɞɚɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɬɚɚɤɨɫɟɞɴɪɠɢɩɨɞɴɝɴɥɨɬ
ɇɢɤɨɝɚ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɹɣɬɟ ɫɤɪɟɩɟɪ ɫ ɛɪɴɫɧɚɪɫɤɨ ɧɨɠɱɟ
ɬɚɦɤɴɞɟɬɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɚɬ ɨɬ ɞɟɰɚ ɇɢɤɨɝɚ ɧɟ
ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɳ ɩɪɚɯ
Ɇɟɬɚɥɧɚɬɚɪɚɦɤɚɡɚɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɧɟɧɚɦɟɬɚɥɧɚɬɚɪɚɦɤɚ
ɢɡɦɢɣɬɟɫɴɫɫɚɩɭɧɢɜɨɞɚɢɡɩɥɚɤɧɟɬɟɢɢɡɫɭɲɟɬɟɫɦɟɤɚɤɴɪɩɚ
ɊȺɁɊȿɒȺȼȺɇȿɇȺɉɊɈȻɅȿɆɂ
Ƚɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɬɟɡɨɧɢɧɟ ɢɡɥɴɱɜɚɬɞɨɫɬɚɬɴɱɧɚɬɨɩɥɢɧɚɡɚ
ɤɢɩɜɚɧɟɢɥɢɞɨɫɬɚɬɴɱɧɨɢɡɩɴɪɠɜɚɧɟɧɚɯɪɚɧɚɬɚ
ɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟɫɚɦɨɫɴɞɨɜɟɫɩɥɨɫɤɨɞɴɧɨȺɤɨɦɟɠɞɭɫɴɞɚɢɩɥɨɬɚ
ɫɟɜɢɠɞɚɫɜɟɬɥɢɧɚɡɨɧɚɬɚɧɟɩɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɨɩɥɢɧɚɬɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨ
Ⱦɴɧɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɴɞɚ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɧɚɩɴɥɧɨ ɞɚ ɩɨɤɪɢɜɚ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɴɪɚ ɧɚ
ɢɡɛɪɚɧɚɬɚɡɨɧɚ
Ƚɨɬɜɟɧɟɬɨɟɩɪɟɤɚɥɟɧɨɛɚɜɧɨ
ɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬɫɟɧɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɫɴɞɨɜɟɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟɫɚɦɨɫɴɞɨɜɟɫ
ɩɥɨɫɤɨɞɴɧɨɤɨɢɬɨɫɚɬɟɠɤɢɢɢɦɚɬɞɢɚɦɟɬɴɪɧɚɣɦɚɥɤɨɪɚɜɟɧɧɚ
ɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɚɬɚɡɨɧɚ
Ɇɚɥɤɢ ɞɪɚɫɤɨɬɢɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɬɴɪɤɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɴɤɥɟɧɚɬɚ
ɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɚɩɥɨɬɚ
ɉɪɢɥɚɝɚɫɟɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɧɟɢɥɢɫɟɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬɫɴɞɨɜɟɫ
ɝɪɭɛɨɞɴɧɨɱɚɫɬɢɰɢɤɚɬɨɩɟɫɴɱɢɧɤɢɢɥɢɫɨɥɩɨɩɚɞɚɬɦɟɠɞɭɩɥɨɬɚ
ɢɞɴɧɨɬɨɧɚɫɴɞɚȼɢɠɬɟɬɨɱɤɚÄɉɈɑɂɋɌȼȺɇȿ³ɭɜɟɪɟɬɟɫɟɱɟ
ɞɴɧɚɬɚɧɚɫɴɞɨɜɟɬɟɫɚɱɢɫɬɢɩɪɟɞɢɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɚɢɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟɫɚɦɨ
ɫɴɞɨɜɟɫɝɥɚɞɤɨɞɴɧɨȾɪɚɫɤɨɬɢɧɢɬɟɦɨɝɚɬɞɚɛɴɞɚɬɢɡɛɟɝɧɚɬɢ
ɫɚɦɨɚɤɨɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɧɟɬɨɫɟɢɡɜɴɪɲɜɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨ
ɋɥɟɞɢɨɬɦɟɬɚɥ
ɇɟ ɩɥɴɡɝɚɣɬɟ ɚɥɭɦɢɧɢɟɜɢ ɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢ ɫɴɞɨɜɟ ɩɨ ɩɥɨɬɚ ȼɢɠɬɟ
ɩɪɟɩɨɪɴɤɢɬɟɡɚɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɧɟ
ɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢ ɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɨɳɟ ɢɦɚ ɩɟɬɧɚ
ɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟɛɪɴɫɧɚɪɫɤɨɧɨɠɱɟɢɫɥɟɞɜɚɣɬɟɩɪɟɩɨɪɴɤɢɬɟɜɬɨɱɤɚ
ÄɉɈɑɂɋɌȼȺɇȿ³
Ɍɴɦɧɢɩɟɬɧɚ
ɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɣɬɟɛɪɴɫɧɚɪɫɤɨɧɨɠɱɟɢɫɥɟɞɜɚɣɬɟɩɪɟɩɨɪɴɤɢɬɟɜɬɨɱɤɚ
ÄɉɈɑɂɋɌȼȺɇȿ³
ɋɜɟɬɥɢɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɩɨɩɥɨɬɚ
ɋɥɟɞɢ ɨɬ ɚɥɭɦɢɧɢɟɜ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɞɟɧ ɫɴɞ ɧɨ ɫɴɳɨ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɬɴɰɢ ɨɬ
ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢ ɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɚ ɬɟ ɦɨɝɚɬ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɚɬ ɩɪɟɦɚɯɧɚɬɢ ɫ
ɤɪɟɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɟɧɩɨɱɢɫɬɜɚɳɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ
Ʉɚɪɚɦɟɥɢɡɢɪɚɧɟɢɥɢɪɚɡɬɨɩɟɧɚɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɚɩɨɩɥɨɬɚ
ȼɢɠɬɟɬɨɱɤɚÄɉɈɑɂɋɌȼȺɇȿ³
ɉɥɨɬɴɬɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɢɢɥɢɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɡɨɧɢɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɹɬ
ɒɭɧɬɨɜɟɬɟɧɟɫɚɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɚɧɢɜɤɥɟɦɧɚɬɚɤɭɬɢɹ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɟɬɟ ɞɚɥɢ ɜɪɴɡɤɢɬɟ ɫɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨ ɨɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɢ ɢ ɞɚɥɢ
ɩɚɧɟɥɴɬɡɚɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɟɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɈɬɤɥɸɱɟɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ
Ƚɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹɬɩɥɨɬɧɟɫɟɢɡɤɥɸɱɜɚ
ɉɚɧɟɥɴɬɡɚɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɟɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɈɬɤɥɸɱɟɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ
ɑɟɫɬɨɬɚɧɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɬɚɩɨɜɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɢɡɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɡɚɡɨɧɢ
ɡɚɝɨɬɜɟɧɟ
ɐɢɤɥɢɬɟɧɚɜɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɢɢɡɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɫɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɜɚɬɜɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬ
ɨɬɠɟɥɚɧɨɬɨɧɢɜɨɧɚɬɨɩɥɢɧɚ
ɧɢɫɤɨɧɢɜɨɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɚ
ɜɢɫɨɤɨɧɢɜɨɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɚ
Ƚɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹɬɩɥɨɬɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɢ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɟɬɟ ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɚɡɢɬɟɥɢɬɟɩɪɟɤɴɫɜɚɱɢɬɟ ɡɚ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɟɬɟ ɞɚɥɢ ɧɹɦɚ ɩɪɟɤɴɫɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɧɟɬɨ
Ƚɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹɬɩɥɨɬɫɟɫɚɦɨɢɡɤɥɸɱɜɚ
Ƚɥɚɜɧɢɹɬ ɩɪɟɤɴɫɜɚɱ ɛɭɬɨɧ ɡɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟɢɡɤɥɸɱɜɚɧɟ ɟ ɛɢɥ
ɞɨɤɨɫɧɚɬ ɧɟɜɨɥɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɚ ɞɪɭɝ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɧɚɞ ɧɹɤɨɣ ɛɭɬɨɧ
ȼɤɥɸɱɟɬɟɨɬɧɨɜɨɭɪɟɞɚɛɟɡɧɢɤɚɤɜɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢ ɨɤɨɥɨɛɭɬɨɧɢɬɟ
ȼɴɜɟɞɟɬɟɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢɬɟɨɬɧɨɜɨ
ɉɨɤɚɡɜɚɧɟɧɚ)ɢɰɢɮɪɢ
Ⱥɤɨɧɚɞɢɫɩɥɟɹɫɟɩɨɹɜɹɬ)ɢɰɢɮɪɢɭɪɟɞɴɬɟɡɚɫɹɤɴɥɩɨɜɪɟɞɚ
ɋɥɟɞɧɚɬɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɢɡɛɪɨɹɜɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɞɚ
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɟɦɟɬɟɡɚɞɚɤɨɪɢɝɢɪɚɬɟɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ
ɋɅȿȾɉɊɈȾȺɀȻȿɇɈɈȻɋɅɍɀȼȺɇȿ
ɉɪɟɞɢ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɨɛɚɞɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɢɡɟɧ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɬɟ
ɫɥɟɞɧɨɬɨ
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ɩɪɟɞɩɚɡɢɬɟɥɢ
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ɫɥɟɞɩɪɨɞɚɠɛɟɧɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɜɚɧɟɍɪɟɞɴɬɟɫɧɚɛɞɟɧɫɝɚɪɚɧɰɢɨɧɟɧ
ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɨɫɢɝɭɪɹɜɚ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɛɟɡɩɥɚɬɧɚ ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɚ ɜ
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ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɡɚɯɪɚɧɜɚɧɟɬɨ Ⱥɤɨ ɝɪɟɲɤɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɚɜɚ ɫɟ ɫɜɴɪɠɟɬɟ ɫ ɰɟɧɬɴɪɚ ɡɚ ɫɥɟɞɩɪɨɞɚɠɛɟɧɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɜɚɧɟ Ⱥɤɨ ɝɪɟɲɤɚɬɚ ɢɡɱɟɡɧɟ ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɟ ɫɜɴɪɠɟɬɟ ɫ ɰɟɧɬɴɪɚ ɡɚ
ɫɥɟɞɩɪɨɞɚɠɛɟɧɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɜɚɧɟ
ɋɨɮɬɭɟɪɧɚ ɝɪɟɲɤɚ ɜ ɫɟɧɡɨɪɧɚɬɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɚ
ɂɡɱɚɤɚɣɬɟɞɨɤɚɬɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɬɚɫɩɚɞɧɟȽɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹɬɩɥɨɬɳɟɫɟɜɴɡɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɤɨɝɚɬɨ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɬɚɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɧɨɪɦɚɥɧɚɫɬɨɣɧɨɫɬ
Ɂɨɧɚɬɚ ɫɴɫ ɫɟɧɡɨɪɟɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥ ɟ
ɬɜɴɪɞɟɝɨɪɟɳɚɢɟɢɡɤɥɸɱɢɥɚɜɫɢɱɤɢ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɢ
ɂɡɱɚɤɚɣɬɟɞɨɤɚɬɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɬɚɫɩɚɞɧɟȺɤɨɫɴɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɬɨɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɚɜɚɞɚɫɟɩɨɤɚɡɜɚɫɥɟɞɤɚɬɨ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɬɚ ɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɧɚ ɫɬɨɣɧɨɫɬ ɫɟ ɫɜɴɪɠɟɬɟ ɫ ɰɟɧɬɴɪɚ ɡɚ ɫɥɟɞɩɪɨɞɚɠɛɟɧɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɜɚɧɟ
ɂɡɱɚɤɚɣɬɟɞɨɤɚɬɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɬɚɫɩɚɞɧɟȺɤɨɫɴɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɬɨɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɚɜɚɞɚɫɟɩɨɤɚɡɜɚɫɥɟɞɤɚɬɨ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɬɚ ɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɧɚ ɫɬɨɣɧɨɫɬ ɫɟ ɫɜɴɪɠɟɬɟ ɫ ɰɟɧɬɴɪɚ ɡɚ ɫɥɟɞɩɪɨɞɚɠɛɟɧɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɜɚɧɟ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɢɹɬ ɫɟɧɡɨɪ ɧɚ
ɫɟɧɡɨɪɧɚɬɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɟ
ɩɨɜɪɟɞɟɧ
ȼɢɠɬɟ ɞɚɥɢ ɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹɬ ɩɥɨɬ ɟ ɦɨɧɬɢɪɚɧ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨ ɍɜɟɪɟɬɟ ɫɟ ɱɟ ɛɭɬɨɧɢɬɟ ɞɨɤɨɫɜɚɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɧɨ
ɫɬɴɤɥɟɧɚɬɚɩɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬ
ɉɪɟɤɚɥɟɧɚ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ
ɧɹɤɨɣɨɬɛɭɬɨɧɢɬɟ
Ɍɚɡɢɝɪɟɲɤɚ ɟ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɚɬɚ Ɍɹ ɢɡɱɟɡɜɚɤɨɝɚɬɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɜɴɪɧɟ
ɫɢɝɭɪɧɚɫɬɨɣɧɨɫɬȺɤɨɝɪɟɲɤɚɬɚɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɚɜɚɫɟɫɜɴɪɠɟɬɟɫɰɟɧɬɴɪɚɡɚɫɥɟɞɩɪɨɞɚɠɛɟɧɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɜɚɧɟ
Ƚɪɟɲɤɚɜɫɢɝɭɪɧɨɫɬɬɚɧɚ
ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɚɬɚ
ɌɚɡɢɝɪɟɲɤɚɟɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɧɚɫɨɮɬɭɟɪɚɌɹɢɡɱɟɡɜɚɤɨɝɚɬɨɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɚɬɚɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɜɴɪɧɟɫɢɝɭɪɧɚ
ɫɬɨɣɧɨɫɬȺɤɨɝɪɟɲɤɚɬɚɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɚɜɚɫɟɫɜɴɪɠɟɬɟɫɰɟɧɬɴɪɚɡɚɫɥɟɞɩɪɨɞɚɠɛɟɧɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɜɚɧɟ
Ƚɪɟɲɤɚɜɫɢɝɭɪɧɨɫɬɬɚɧɚ
ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɚɬɚ
ɌɚɡɢɝɪɟɲɤɚɟɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɧɚɫɨɮɬɭɟɪɚɌɹɢɡɱɟɡɜɚɤɨɝɚɬɨɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɚɬɚɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚɜɴɪɧɟɫɢɝɭɪɧɚ
ɫɬɨɣɧɨɫɬȺɤɨɝɪɟɲɤɚɬɚɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɚɜɚɫɟɫɜɴɪɠɟɬɟɫɰɟɧɬɴɪɚɡɚɫɥɟɞɩɪɨɞɚɠɛɟɧɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɜɚɧɟ
Ƚɪɟɲɤɚɜɫɢɝɭɪɧɨɫɬɬɚɧɚ
ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɚɬɚ
Ɇɨɠɟɞɚɢɦɚɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɜɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɜɚɳɚɬɚɜɟɪɢɝɚɧɚɧɹɤɨɟɪɟɥɟɂɡɜɚɞɟɬɟɳɟɩɫɟɥɚɧɚɝɨɬɜɚɪɫɤɢɹɩɥɨɬ
ɨɬɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɢɡɱɚɤɚɣɬɟɟɞɧɚɦɢɧɭɬɚɢɜɤɥɸɱɟɬɟɨɬɧɨɜɨȺɤɨɝɪɟɲɤɚɬɚɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɚɜɚɫɟɫɜɴɪɠɟɬɟɫ
ɰɟɧɬɴɪɚɡɚɫɥɟɞɩɪɨɞɚɠɛɟɧɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɜɚɧɟ
Ƚɪɟɲɤɚɜɫɢɝɭɪɧɨɫɬɬɚɧɚɪɟɥɟɬɚɬɚ
ɉɨɜɪɟɞɚ
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ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɢɹɬɫɟɧɡɨɪɧɚ
ɫɟɧɡɨɪɧɚɬɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɟ
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ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ȼɭɞɶɬɟ
ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɵɢɧɟɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɣɬɟɫɶɤɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ Ⱦɟɬɹɦ ɦɥɚɞɲɟ ɥɟɬ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ ɟɫɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚ
ɧɢɦɢɧɟɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɫɨ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɬɟɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ
ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɜ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɧɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ
ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ
ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨɫɥɭɱɚɹ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ ɉɪɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɢɳɢ ɫ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɠɢɪɨɜɢɥɢɦɚɫɥɚɜɫɟɝɞɚɫɥɟɞɢɬɟ
ɡɚɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɬɚɤɤɚɤɠɢɪɵ
ɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɥɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɨ ɡɚɝɨɪɟɬɶɫɹ
ɄȺɌȿȽɈɊɂɑȿɋɄɂɁȺɉɊȿɓȺȿɌɋəɬɭɲɢɬɶɨɝɨɧɶ
ɜɨɞɨɣ ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɧɚɤɪɨɣɬɟ
ɩɥɚɦɹɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɤɪɵɲɤɨɣɢɥɢɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɦ
ɨɞɟɹɥɨɦ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿɭɝɪɨɡɚɩɨɠɚɪɚɧɟɫɤɥɚɞɢɪɭɣɬɟɜɟɳɢ
ɧɚɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɳɢɧ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ
ɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɵɯɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɢɡ
ɫɟɬɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɬɨɤɨɦ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɟɬɢ ɜ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟɥɟɬɢɫɬɚɪɲɟɥɢɰɚɫɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɬɚɤɠɟɫɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦɨɩɵɬɨɦ
ɢɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢɟɫɥɢɨɧɢɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɩɨɞɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɨɦ
ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠ ɩɨ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦɭɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦɢɨɫɨɡɧɚɸɬ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟɫɧɢɦɪɢɫɤɢɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ
ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɡɚɞɟɬɶɦɢɫɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɱɬɨ
ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɫ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ Ⱦɟɬɹɦ ɛɟɡ
ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨɩɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɚɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɩɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɟɢɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɢɳɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɩɨɞɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬɶɞɟɬɟɣ
ɤɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɦɢɥɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦɡɨɧɚɦɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɞɨɬɟɯɩɨɪɩɨɤɚɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɬɟɩɥɚɜɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɪɢɫɤɚɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɯ
ɨɠɨɝɨɜ
ȼ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɝɨɧɚɥɢɱɢɹɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ
ɧɚɝɚɥɨɝɟɧɧɵɟɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɉɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɤɲɧɭɪɭɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɦɭ
ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɬɨɤɢɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ
ɧɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤ
ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ Ɋɨɡɟɬɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ
ɉɊȺȼɂɅȺȻȿɁɈɉȺɋɇɈɋɌɂ
ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɢɦɟɬɶɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɵɣɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹɉɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤ
ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɠɟɥɬɨɡɟɥɟɧɵɦ Ⱦɚɧɧɭɸ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬ
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɣ ɢ
ɜɢɥɤɨɣɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɚɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɧɚ
ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ȼɢɥɤɚ ɢ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶɧɨɪɦɚɦɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɜɫɬɪɚɧɟ
ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɦ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ
ɀɟɥɬɨɡɟɥɟɧɵɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹɧɟɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɪɚɡɦɵɤɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɪɨɡɟɬɤɚɢɥɢɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶɞɨɥɠɧɵɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɭɞɨɛɧɨɣɡɨɧɟ
ɞɨɫɹɝɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɩɪɢɦɨɧɬɚɠɟɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ⱦɥɹɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɦɨɠɧɨɥɢɛɨɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɜ
ɡɨɧɟɞɨɫɹɝɚɟɦɨɫɬɢɥɢɛɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɲɧɭɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣɞɨɥɠɟɧɛɵɬɶɡɚɦɟɧɟɧ
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɦ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ
ɥɢɰɨɦ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɦ ɜ ɫɯɨɠɟɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɨ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɪɢɫɤɨɜɁɚɡɟɦɥɹɸɳɢɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɟɥɬɨ
ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɥɢɧɧɟɟ ɧɚ ɦɦ ɫɨ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵɤɥɟɦɦɧɨɣɤɨɥɨɞɤɢȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɶɸ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɒɧɭɪ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ
ɬɢɩɚ+99)
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵɬɚɤɢɟɤɚɤɧɨɠɢɜɢɥɤɢ
ɥɨɠɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɪɵɲɤɢ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɇɟɤɥɚɞɢɬɟɧɚɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɭɸɮɨɥɶɝɭ
ɢɧɟɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɧɚɧɢɯɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸɩɨɫɭɞɭ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɨɱɢɫɬɤɭɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢɫɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵ
ɧɚɧɟɣɧɟɨɫɬɚɜɚɥɢɫɶɝɪɹɡɶɢɠɢɪ ȼɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɵɦ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɣ
ɡɚɩɚɯɄɪɨɦɟɬɨɝɨɷɬɨɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤɩɨɠɚɪɭ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɚɪ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɪɭɢ ɩɨɞ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɞɥɹɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɡɨɧɚɦ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɇɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɩɢɳɭ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ȼɫɟɝɞɚɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɞɥɹɷɬɨɝɨɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɭɸɩɨɫɭɞɭ
ȼɫɟɝɞɚɩɨɦɟɳɚɣɬɟɩɨɫɭɞɭɩɨɰɟɧɬɪɭ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ȼɵ
ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟ ɩɢɳɭ ɇɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɣɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɤɚɤɢɟɥɢɛɨɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɜ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɱɧɨɣɞɨɫɤɢ
ɇɟ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɶɸ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɩɚɞɟɧɢɹɨɧɢɦɨɝɭɬɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸɩɚɧɟɥɶ
ɇɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸɩɚɧɟɥɶɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɦɟɫɬɚ
ɫɤɥɚɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ
ɇɟɞɜɢɝɚɣɬɟɩɨɫɭɞɭɩɨɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢ
58
Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦɟɠɞɭɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ
ɩɚɧɟɥɶɸ ɢ ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɨɣ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɤɚɤɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ
ɦɦ ɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ
ɩɚɧɟɥɶɸ ɢ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɫɬɟɧɤɚɦɢɦɟɛɟɥɢɢɥɢ
ɛɨɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɬɟɧɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ
ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɦɦ ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɦɟɛɟɥɢ ɧɚɞ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɶɸ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɦɦ
ɉɪɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟɜɵɬɹɠɤɢɧɚɞ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɬɟɫɶɫ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢɤɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
ɜɵɬɹɠɤɢɧɨɜɥɸɛɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦɟɠɞɭ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸɢ
ɜɵɬɹɠɤɨɣɧɟɞɨɥɠɧɨɟɛɵɬɶ
ɦɟɧɟɟɦɦ
ɄɈȾɉɊɈȾɍɄɌȺ7
Ɍɚɛɥɢɱɤɚɫɞɚɧɧɵɦɢɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚɜɧɢɠɧɟɣɱɚɫɬɢɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɉٻ ɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂəɈȻɓȿȽɈɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊȺ
Ɇɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɧɚɹɧɚɞɚɧɧɨɟɢɡɞɟɥɢɟɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɹɟɬ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɫɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ȿɋ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ
ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵɯɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦɤɞɚɧɧɨɣɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ
Ɇٻ ȿɊɕɉɈɁȺɓɂɌȿɈɄɊɍɀȺɘɓȿɃɋɊȿȾɕ
ɇɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɚ ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɨɣ ȿɋ ȿɋ ɨɛ
ɨɬɯɨɞɚɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ:(((
Ɉɬɯɨɞɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɟ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ
ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣɞɥɹɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵ
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ȼɚɠɧɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɸɜɫɟɯɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɬɚɤɠɟ
ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɬɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɯɨɞɵ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ:(((ɧɟɫɬɚɥɢ
ɡɥɨɛɨɞɧɟɜɧɨɣɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣɞɥɹɨɯɪɚɧɵɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɪɟɞɵɞɥɹ
ɷɬɨɝɨɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ
Ɉɬɯɨɞɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹɤɚɤɛɵɬɨɜɵɟɨɬɯɨɞɵ
Ɉɬɯɨɞɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ ɫɛɨɪɚ
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯɜɥɚɫɬɟɣɢɥɢ
ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ
ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɟɬɫɹɫɛɨɪɝɚɛɚɪɢɬɧɵɯɨɬɯɨɞɨɜɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɧɚɞɨɦɭ
ȼɨɦɧɨɝɢɯɫɬɪɚɧɚɯɩɪɢɩɨɤɭɩɤɟɧɨɜɨɝɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɫɬɚɪɵɣ
ɦɨɠɧɨɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɪɨɡɧɢɱɧɨɦɭɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɭɧɚɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɨɞɢɧɤ
ɨɞɧɨɦɭɟɫɥɢɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɦɨɟɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ
ɬɢɩɚɢɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬɬɚɤɢɦɠɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɨɦɤɚɤɢɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɟ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɟɣ
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɝɨɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɶ
ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɣɜɪɟɞɢɡɞɟɥɢɸɟɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢɥɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɭɝɪɨɡɭ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɫɥɢȼɵɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɥɢɷɬɨɣɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɟɣɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɛɵɥɚɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚɧɟɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɥɢɰɨɦɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ
ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɫ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɫɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɥɢ ɨɧɚ
ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɢɥɢɟɝɨɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɢɥɢɠɟ
ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɜɪɟɞɚɥɸɞɹɦɢɥɢɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɫɢɦ ȼɚɫ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɫɢɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɟɣ
ɩɪɨɞɚɜɰɨɦɢɥɢɫɥɭɠɛɨɣɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɚɹ ɦɟɛɟɥɶ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɜɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ȼɚɲɚ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜɫɹ
ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɚɹɦɟɛɟɥɶɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɚɹɫɹɜɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢɤ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦ ɤ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɦɦɢɧ&
Ʉɪɨɦɟɷɬɨɝɨɜɫɟɞɟɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟɩɥɟɧɤɢɞɨɥɠɧɵɛɵɬɶɩɪɢɤɥɟɟɧɵ
ɬɟɩɥɨɫɬɨɣɤɢɦɤɥɟɟɦ
ɂɡɞɟɥɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɨ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɛɟɥɢ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦɢɥɢɭɬɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɦɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ
PP
PP
PP
PP
PP
0LQPP
ɉɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɩɪɢɦɨɧɬɚɠɟ
ɭɬɨɩɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɢɩɚ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɚ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɵ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚɦɩɪɢɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
Ƚɥɭɛɢɧɚɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɫɬɚɦɦ
PPFPKRE
PP
PPFPKRE
ɉɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɩɪɢɦɨɧɬɚɠɟ
ɭɬɨɩɥɟɧɧɨɝɨɬɢɩɚ
Ɍɨɥɳɢɧɚɫɬɨɥɟɲɧɢɰɵɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɦɟɠɞɭɢɦɦ
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹɜɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɤɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɞɨɫɬɭɩɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɛɨɪɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɧɢɠɟ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɤɭɧɚɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢɦɦɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ
ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɤɚ
PLQPP
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ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȺɍɌɈɉɅȿɇɇɕɆɋɉɈɋɈȻɈɆ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ȼɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɁɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɨɥɟɲɧɢɰɟɣ
ɢɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɫɢɥɢɤɨɧɨɜɵɦ ɤɥɟɟɦ Ɋɚɡɪɨɜɧɹɣɬɟ
ɫɥɨɣɫɢɥɢɤɨɧɨɜɨɝɨɤɥɟɹɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɫɤɪɟɛɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɤɪɵɦ ɩɚɥɶɰɟɦ
ɫɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɦɜɦɵɥɶɧɨɣɜɨɞɟɞɨɬɨɝɨ
ɤɚɤɫɢɥɢɤɨɧɡɚɫɨɯɧɟɬ
ɇɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ ɩɨɤɚ
ɫɥɨɣ ɫɢɥɢɤɨɧɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɟ
ɜɵɫɨɯɧɟɬ
Ɉɛɵɱɧɚɹɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ
Ⱦɨɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɤɪɟɩɟɠɧɵɟɫɤɨɛɵ
ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ ɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɨɜ ɢ
ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ ɇɟ ɡɚɜɢɧɱɢɜɚɣɬɟ
ɲɭɪɭɩɵ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɛɚɯ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɨɧɢ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹ
ȼɫɬɚɜɶɬɟɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸɩɚɧɟɥɶ
ɩɨɰɟɧɬɪɭɩɪɨɟɦɚɜɦɟɛɟɥɢ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɫɤɨɛɵɢ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɢɯɡɚɜɢɧɬɢɬɟ
Ȼɵɫɬɪɚɹ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
Ⱦɨɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɢɡɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚɚɤɫɟɫɫɭɚɪɨɜ
ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɩɪɭɠɢɧɵ ɢɩɪɢɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɤ
ɧɢɡɭ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ
ɐɟɧɬɪɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸɩɚɧɟɥɶ
ɇɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɨɤɚ
ɨɧɚɧɟɫɬɚɧɟɬɧɚɨɩɨɪɭɩɨ
ɜɫɟɦɭɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ
ɉٻ ɈȾɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿɄɗɅȿɄɌɊɈɋȿɌɂ
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ɄɈɇɎɂȽɍɊȺɐɂə ɄɈɇɎɂȽɍɊȺɐɂə ɄɈɇɎɂȽɍɊȺɐɂə
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ȼ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɟ ɫ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ
ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ
ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ
ɩɪɨɤɥɚɞɤɭ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪɭ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɢ
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɨɧɚ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɱɟɤ ɜ ɲɤɚɮ ɩɨɞ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɶɸ
ɇɢɡ
ɄɈɇɎɂȽɍɊȺɐɂə
ȼɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɌȺɃɆȿɊ
ɋɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ȼɵɛɨɪɡɨɧɵ
Ɇɨɫɬ
ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɢ ɩɨɞ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɶɸ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɤɟ
ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɚ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦɟɠɞɭɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɤɨɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
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ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɣɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ
ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ȼɇɂɆȺɇɂȿ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɬ ɥɸɛɨɣ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ
ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨɨɛɨɪɜɚɧɧɨɝɨɢɥɢɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɛɪɵɜɚ ɜ ɥɢɧɢɢ
ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɢɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɹ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɤɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ
ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɫɟɩɨɥɸɫɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɵɤɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ
ȿɫɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɟ ɬɨ ɪɨɡɟɬɤɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɥɟɝɤɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɚ
ɀɟɥɬɨɡɟɥɟɧɵɣɩɪɨɜɨɞɲɧɭɪɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɞɨɥɠɟɧɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɫɹɤ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɪɢɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯɫɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦɲɧɭɪɚ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶɜɰɟɧɬɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɢɥɢ
ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɤɭ
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɚ ɲɧɭɪɨɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɛɵɬɶɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɤɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ9
ɦɟɠɞɭɮɚɡɨɣɢɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɸ
Ɍɟɦɧɟɦɟɧɟɟȼɵɦɨɠɟɬɟɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸɩɚɧɟɥɶɤ
Ɍɪɟɯɮɚɡɧɨɣɫɟɬɢ9
Ɍɪɟɯɮɚɡɧɨɣɫɟɬɢ91
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɦ
ɧɢɠɟ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɨɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ
ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɤɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸɩɚɧɟɥɶɧɚɫɬɨɥɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɜɧɢɡɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɶɬɟɡɚɳɢɬɭɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɫɥɚɛɶɬɟɜɢɧɬɵɡɚɠɢɦɚɲɧɭɪɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚɣɞɢɬɟɞɜɟɥɚɩɤɢɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟɫɛɨɤɭ
ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɡɜɢɟɩɥɨɫɤɨɣɨɬɜɟɪɬɤɢɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜɤɚɠɞɨɣɢɡ
ɥɚɩɨɤɢɢɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ
ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭ
ɑɬɨɛɵɫɧɹɬɶɲɧɭɪɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɬɜɟɪɧɢɬɟɜɢɧɬɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢɤɪɟɩɢɬɫɹɤɥɟɦɦɧɚɹɤɨɥɨɞɤɚɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɲɭɧɬɵɢɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɢɲɧɭɪɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ȼɵɬɹɧɢɬɟɲɧɭɪɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɞɥɹɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɧɨɜɨɝɨɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ȼɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɜɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
ɉɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɟɲɧɭɪɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɱɟɪɟɡɡɚɠɢɦ
Ɂɚɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɤɨɧɰɵɜɫɟɯɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜɲɧɭɪɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɧɚɞɥɢɧɟ
ɦɦɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹɜɪɚɫɱɟɬɞɥɢɧɭɲɧɭɪɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸɞɥɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣɧɚɤɥɟɦɦɧɨɣɤɨɥɨɞɤɟ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɢɲɭɧɬɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɛɵɥɢɫɧɹɬɵɜɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɬɢɩɨɦ
ɥɢɧɢɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɤɚɤɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɜɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɧɢɠɟ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɧɚɦɟɫɬɨɤɪɵɲɤɭɤɥɟɦɦɧɨɣɤɨɥɨɞɤɢ
Ɂɚɬɹɧɢɬɟɜɢɧɬɵɡɚɠɢɦɚɲɧɭɪɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɬɤɪɨɣɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɜɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɱɬɨɜɫɟɜɢɧɬɵɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɡɚɬɹɧɭɬɵ
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɞɥɹɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɧɨɜɨɝɨɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ȼɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɤɚɛɟɥɶɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢɜ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
ɉɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɟɲɧɭɪɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɱɟɪɟɡ
ɡɚɠɢɦ
Ɂɚɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɤɨɧɰɵɜɫɟɯɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ
ɲɧɭɪɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɧɚɞɥɢɧɟɦɦ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɹɜɪɚɫɱɟɬɞɥɢɧɭɲɧɭɪɚɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸɞɥɹɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣɧɚɤɥɟɦɦɧɨɣɤɨɥɨɞɤɟ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ
ɢɲɭɧɬɨɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɛɵɥɢɫɧɹɬɵɜ
ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫ
ɬɢɩɨɦɥɢɧɢɢɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɤɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨɜɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣɧɢɠɟɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɧɚɦɟɫɬɨɤɪɵɲɤɭɤɥɟɦɦɧɨɣɤɨɥɨɞɤɢ
Ɂɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɟɤɪɵɲɤɭɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɜɢɧɬɨɜ
ɒɍɇɌ
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ɇɟɣɬɪɚɥɶ 7
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ɤɨɧɬɭɪɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢɰɜɟɬɚɦɢɤɨɞɚɦɢ
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ɄɈɇɎɂȽɍɊȺɐɂə
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ɇɟɣɬɪɚɥɶ
Ɏɚɡɚ
Ɂɟɦɥɹ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɤɡɚɠɢɦɚɦɧɚɤɥɟɦɦɧɨɣɤɨɥɨɞɤɟ
Ɉɞɧɨɮɚɡɧɨɟɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
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ɗٻ ɄɋɉɅɍȺɌȺɐɂəɉɊɂȻɈɊȺ
ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ȾɥɹȼɄɅɘɑȿɇɂəɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɦɫɟɤ ȼɵɭɫɥɵɲɢɬɟɞɥɢɧɧɵɣɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɜ
ɡɨɧɚɯ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɜɵɫɜɟɬɢɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɧɚ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
Ɋٻ ȿɄɈɆȿɇȾȺɐɂɂɈɌɇɈɋɂɌȿɅɖɇɈȼɕȻɈɊȺ
ɉɈɋɍȾɕȾɅəȼȺɊɈɑɇɈɃɉɈȼȿɊɏɇɈɋɌɂ
ȼɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ ɫ
ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɬɨɥɫɬɨɫɬɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɹɱɢɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɞɝɨɪɚɬɶ ɩɢɳɚ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɥɫɬɨɫɬɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɶ ɢ ɫɤɨɜɨɪɨɞɨɤ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɩɥɚ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɞɧɨɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɢɢɥɢɫɤɨɜɨɪɨɞɵɫɭɯɨɟ
ɉɪɢɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɢɜɨɞɨɣɢɥɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɢ
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɟɟɧɚɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɞɧɨ
ɷɬɨɣ ɤɚɫɬɪɸɥɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɫɭɯɨɟ ɗɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɬ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɹɬɟɧɧɚɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɩɨɫɭɞɨɣ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɶ ɡɨɧɭ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɛɵɬɶɧɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚȿɫɥɢ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɹɛɭɞɟɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɫɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ȼɕȻɈɊɄɍɏɈɇɇɈɃɉɈɋɍȾɕɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɚɹɧɢɠɟɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ȼɚɦ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ ɫ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦɢ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ
ɇɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɚɹɫɬɚɥɶɧɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɤɭɯɨɧɧɚɹɩɨɫɭɞɚɫɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɣɧɵɦ
ɞɧɨɦɬɢɩɚ©ɫɷɧɞɜɢɱªɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɜɫɟɛɟ
ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣɫɬɚɥɢɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ
ɜɢɞɞɨɥɝɨɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɶɢɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɶɢɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹ
ɢɥɢɦɟɞɢɜɵɫɨɤɚɹɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
Ⱥɥɸɦɢɧɢɣ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɹɠɟɥɭɸ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ
ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶ Ⱥɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɚɹ ɩɨɫɭɞɚ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ
ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɧɚɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢɫɥɟɞɵɩɨɯɨɠɢɟɧɚɰɚɪɚɩɢɧɵɇɨ
ɷɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɵ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɭɞɚɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɫɥɢ ɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɩɨɫɥɟɢɯɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɂɡɡɚɧɢɡɤɨɣɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɹɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ
ɬɨɧɤɨɫɬɟɧɧɭɸɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɭɸɩɨɫɭɞɭ
ɑɭɝɭɧ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨ ɧɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɇɢɡɤɢɟ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɰɚɪɚɩɢɧɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɨɫɭɞɚ ɫ ɦɟɞɧɵɦ ɞɧɨɦɤɟɪɚɦɢɤɚ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɹɠɟɥɭɸ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ ɏɨɪɨɲɢɟ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɧɨ ɦɟɞɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢɫɥɟɞɵɩɨɯɨɠɢɟɧɚɰɚɪɚɩɢɧɵɗɬɢɫɥɟɞɵɦɨɝɭɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɵ ɟɫɥɢ ɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɩɨɫɥɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɷɬɢɯɫɥɟɞɨɜ ȼɥɸɛɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɭɫɬɨɣ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɣ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɵɣɦɟɬɚɥɥɦɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɝɨɪɟɬɶɤ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɉɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɚɹɩɨɫɭɞɚɫɦɟɞɧɵɦ
ɞɧɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɥɟɞɵɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɛɭɞɟɬɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ
Ɏɚɪɮɨɪɨɜɚɹɷɦɚɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɭɞɚ ɏɨɪɨɲɢɟ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɩɨɫɭɞɵɫɬɨɧɤɢɦ
ɝɥɚɞɤɢɦɩɥɨɫɤɢɦɞɧɨɦ
ɋɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɩɨɫɭɞɚɧɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɇɢɡɤɢɟ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢɆɨɠɟɬɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢɤ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸɰɚɪɚɩɢɧɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ȼɵɛɨɪɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɉɪɢɭɠɟɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣɡɨɧɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɛɭɞɭɬ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵɧɨɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɧɟɛɭɞɭɬɜɵɛɪɚɧɵɛɭɞɭɬɢɦɟɬɶɦɟɧɶɲɭɸ
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ
Ȼɵɫɬɪɵɦɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦɤɧɨɩɨɤɢɥɢȼɵɦɨɠɟɬɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶɢɥɢ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɜ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ3
ɉɪɢɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɧɚɠɚɬɢɢɤɧɨɩɨɤɢɥɢɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɉɪɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɦ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹɧɚɭɪɨɜɧɟɞɥɹɟɳɟ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɛɵɫɬɪɨɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɧɚɤɧɨɩɤɭȻɵɫɬɪɨɟ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɧɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɦɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ
ɉɪɢɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɭɪɨɜɧɹɊɩɪɢɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɦ
ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɜɟɪɧɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɉɪɢ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɧɟ
ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɞɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɊ
ɉɪɢɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣɡɨɧɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɢɦɟɸɳɟɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɟɫɥɢɡɨɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɝɨɪɹɱɟɣɫɢɦɜɨɥɛɭɞɟɬɦɢɝɚɬɶɑɟɪɟɡ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɟɬ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɫɹ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣɫɢɦɜɨɥ+
ɉɪɢɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣɡɨɧɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɧɚɠɚɬɢɢɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɢɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɫɬɚɧɟɬɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɡɨɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɛɭɞɟɬ
ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɫɟɤɭɧɞȿɫɥɢɡɨɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɛɵɥɚɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɚɩɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɬɚɣɦɟɪɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɗɬɚ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɦɨɠɟɬɢɦɟɬɶɦɟɫɬɨɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢɨɬɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɝɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟɧɢɠɟɩɪɢɦɟɪɵɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵɬɨɥɶɤɨɞɥɹɫɩɪɚɜɤɢɋɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦȼɵɧɚɭɱɢɬɟɫɶɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɬɶɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢɫɨɫɜɨɢɦɢɜɤɭɫɚɦɢɢɩɪɢɜɵɱɤɚɦɢ
ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚɩɨɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸɛɟɡɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ
ɦɫɟɤɧɚɤɧɨɩɤɭɜɵɛɨɪɚ
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ȿɫɥɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɩɨɞɚɧɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟɩɪɢɧɭɥɟɜɨɣɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɜɵɫɜɟɬɢɬɫɹɦɢɝɚɸɳɢɣ
ɫɢɦɜɨɥ
ɉɪɢɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣɮ
ȾɥɹȼɕɄɅɘɑȿɇɂəɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɞɨɬɪɨɧɶɬɟɫɶɞɨ ɥɸɛɨɣɡɨɧɵ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɤ ȼɵ ɭɫɥɵɲɢɬɟ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɯ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɇɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ
ɜɵɫɜɟɬɢɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɫɜɟɬɢɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ + ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ
ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɬɟɩɥɚɉɨɫɥɟɱɟɝɨɡɨɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ
ȿɫɥɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɩɨɞɚɧɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹɫɢɦɜɨɥ+
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɡɨɧɭ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɫɥɢɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɚɛɭɞɟɬɬɨɥɶɤɨɨɞɧɚɡɨɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɢɨɧɚ
ɛɭɞɟɬɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɱɟɬɵɪɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɯɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɢɡɜɟɫɬɹɬɨɬɨɦ
ɱɬɨɜɫɹɜɚɪɨɱɧɚɹɩɚɧɟɥɶɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɭɞɵ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢȼɚɲɟɣɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
58
Ⱦɥɹɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹɡɨɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɭɠɟɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚɚɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɚɹɧɚɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɟɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɜɵɲɟ
ȼɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɞɜɟɡɨɧɵ
ɉɟɪɜɨɟɛɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ Ɂɚɝɨɪɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɧɚɞɤɧɨɩɤɨɣɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ȼɬɨɪɨɟɛɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɄɚɠɞɨɟɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦ
ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɦɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ
ȼɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɪɢɡɨɧɵ
ɉɟɪɜɨɟɛɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɉɪɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢɩɟɪɜɨɣɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɡɚɝɨɪɚɟɬɫɹ
ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɧɚɞɤɧɨɩɤɨɣɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɜɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹɬɪɟɯɡɨɧɷɬɨɛɭɞɟɬɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɫɥɟɜɚɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɞɜɭɯɡɨɧ
ɷɬɨɛɭɞɟɬɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟɢɥɢɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞ
ȼɬɨɪɨɟɛɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɉɪɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɞ
ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɡɚɝɨɪɚɸɬɫɹɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɚ
Ɍɪɟɬɶɟɛɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɩɟɪɜɭɸɢɜɬɨɪɭɸɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɦɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ
Ⱦɜɨɣɧɵɟɬɪɨɣɧɵɟɡɨɧɵ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ%ULGJHɆɨɫɬ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ%ULGJHɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɚɬɨɥɶɤɨɜɬɨɦɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɟɫɥɢ ɨɛɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ Ⱦɥɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
EULGJHɜɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɨɞɧɭɡɨɧɭɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɢɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭEULGJH
Ɉɛɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚȼɵɛɭɞɟɬɟɢɡɜɟɳɟɧɵɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɦ
ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɨɛɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɫ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣEULGJH
ɉɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɛɭɞɭɬɜɵɛɪɚɧɵɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɠɟɥɚɟɦɭɸɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
Ɉɛɟɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ EULGJHɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɣ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚȾɥɹɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ȼɪɟɠɢɦɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɤɧɨɩɤɭEULGJH
ɉɪɢɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟɭɪɨɜɧɹɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ³´
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹɡɚɳɢɬɵɨɬɩɪɨɥɢɜɚ
ɋɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɩɪɢɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢɤɚɤɨɝɨɥɢɛɨɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɢɥɢɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ
ɧɚɥɸɛɭɸɢɡɤɧɨɩɨɤɛɨɥɟɟɫɟɤɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɯɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
ɞɨɥɝɢɣɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɛɭɞɭɬɢɦɟɬɶɦɟɫɬɨɤɚɠɞɵɟɫɟɤɩɨɤɚ
ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɠɚɬɚ ȼɚɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶ
ɦɢɝɚɬɶɩɨɤɚɞɚɧɧɚɹɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɛɭɞɟɬɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ
Ɍɚɣɦɟɪ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɢɥɢɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦɤɧɨɩɨɤɢ
ȼɨɛɨɢɯɫɥɭɱɚɹɯɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɜɵɛɪɚɧɚɡɨɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɚɟɟɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ɞɨɥɠɧɚɛɵɬɶɛɨɥɶɲɟ³´
ȼɵɛɟɪɢɬɟɡɨɧɭ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɜɪɟɦɹɤɨɬɨɪɨɣȼɵ ɠɟɥɚɟɬɟ
ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ³´ ȼ ɡɨɧɟ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɜɪɟɦɹɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɛɭɞɟɬɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ
ɜɵɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɫɢɦɜɨɥ ȼɪɟɦɹɛɭɞɟɬɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɨɧɚɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɦ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɜɪɟɦɹɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɤɧɨɩɨɤɢɥɢ ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɧɟɛɭɞɟɬɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɬɶɫɹɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɦɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ
ɉɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ
ɛɭɞɟɬɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɬɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
Ȼɵɫɬɪɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ
ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɨɬɞɨɚɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɤɧɨɩɤɢ±
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɨɬɞɨ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɧɚɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɦɨɠɟɬɛɵɬɶɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɦɢɧɭɬ
ɉɨ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ
ɢɡɞɚɜɚɬɶɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣɫɢɝɧɚɥɧɚɠɦɢɬɟɥɸɛɭɸɤɧɨɩɤɭɞɥɹɫɛɪɨɫɚɚɜɚɪɢɢ
ɢɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɨɬɫɱɟɬɚɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ȿɫɥɢ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɵɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ
ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɟɝɨɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɡɨɧɵɞɥɹɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɛɵɥɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪɧɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬɤɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɸɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹɦɢɧɭɬɚɛɭɞɟɬɜɵɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɫɟɤɭɧɞɚɯɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɦɟɧɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɜɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣɦɢɧɭɬɵɨɬɱɟɬɚ
ɇɚɠɚɬɢɟɤɧɨɩɤɢɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɛɟɡɜɵɛɨɪɚɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɚɬɚɤɠɟɟɫɥɢ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɧɟ ɛɵɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɡɨɧ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɩɪɨɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɇɚɠɚɬɢɟɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɛɟɡ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɟɫɥɢɬɚɣɦɟɪɛɵɥɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɞɥɹɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɡɨɧɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬɤ
ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɨɟ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ
ɱɟɪɟɞɭɹɫɶ ɢ ɜɵɫɜɟɬɢɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɚɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɞɟɫɹɬɢɱɧɵɯɞɪɨɛɟɣ
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɫɟɤɢɫɟɤɜɵɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɜɡɨɧɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹɤɨɬɨɪɨɣɞɨɥɠɧɨɛɵɬɶɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
Ɉɫɬɚɜɲɟɟɫɹɜɪɟɦɹɜɵɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɰɢɮɪɚɦɢɧɚɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɟɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɡɨɧ ɜɵɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɟɨɫɬɚɜɲɟɟɫɹɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɢɷɬɨɦɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɨɤɨɲɤɟ
ɜɵɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɞɟɫɹɬɢɱɧɵɟɡɧɚɤɢ
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɜɪɚɞɢɚɧɬɧɨɣɡɨɧɟɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ!ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɗɬɢ ɠɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ
ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɰɟɥɢ
Ɉɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣɧɚɝɪɟɜ Iɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵ
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ R&
ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɧɚɞɢɫɩɥɟɟɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ³+´
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɵɲɟ R & ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɨɫɥɟɬɨɝɨɤɚɤ ɷɬɨɬɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ
ɜɵɫɜɟɬɢɬɫɹɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
Ⱦɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦɤɧɨɩɨɤɢ
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɚɡ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ/ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɤɍɪɨɜɟɧɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɛɭɞɟɬɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɷɬɨɦɠɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɡɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɨɬ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɦɭɜɵɲɟɉɨɫɥɟɱɟɝɨȼɵɭɫɥɵɲɢɬɟɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ
ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɜɟɬɢɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ Q
ȼɚɪɨɱɧɚɹɩɚɧɟɥɶɛɭɞɟɬɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚɨɬɞɟɬɟɣ
ɛɭɞɟɬɢɦɟɬɶɦɟɫɬɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɢɧɭɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɗɬɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɨ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɟɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɋɦɨɬɪɢɬɟɪɚɡɞɟɥɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɢɨɬɞɟɬɟɣ
58
Ʌɸɛɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɰɜɟɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɩɨɞɝɨɪɚɧɢɹɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜɩɢɳɢɢɥɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɣɩɨɫɭɞɵɢɡɬɚɤɢɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
ɤɚɤɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɣɢɥɢɦɟɞɶɬɚɤɢɟɩɹɬɧɚɬɹɠɟɥɨɩɨɞɞɚɸɬɫɹ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸ
ɇɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɨɤɪɭɸɦɨɱɚɥɤɭ
Ʉɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɧɨɠɢɥɢɨɬɜɟɪɬɤɭ
ȼɨɢɡɛɟɠɚɧɢɟɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɫɤɪɟɛɨɤɫɥɟɡɜɢɟɦ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɩɨɭɝɥɨɦ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɤɪɟɛɨɤɫɥɟɡɜɢɟɦɜɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯɞɥɹ
ɞɟɬɟɣɦɟɫɬɚɯ
Ɂɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɚɛɪɚɡɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɦɢ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹɦɢɢɥɢɩɨɪɨɲɤɚɦɢ
Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɪɚɦɤɚɞɥɹɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣɨɱɢɫɬɤɢɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɪɚɦɤɢ ɩɪɨɦɨɣɬɟ ɟɟ ɦɵɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɩɨɥɨɫɧɢɬɟ
ɱɢɫɬɨɣɜɨɞɨɣɢɜɵɬɪɢɬɟɧɚɫɭɯɨɦɹɝɤɨɣɬɤɚɧɶɸ
ɊȿɒȿɇɂȿɉɊɈȻɅȿɆ
ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣɧɚɝɪɟɜ
ɉɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɭɞɨɣ ɫ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦ ɞɧɨɦ ȿɫɥɢ
ɦɟɠɞɭɞɧɨɦɩɨɫɭɞɵɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɬɟɩɥɨɛɭɞɟɬɩɥɨɯɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ
Ⱦɧɨɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɣɩɨɫɭɞɵɞɨɥɠɧɨɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɬɶɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɭɸ
ɡɨɧɭɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɉɢɳɚɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɫɹɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɭɞɚ ɉɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɭɞɨɣ ɫ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦ ɞɧɨɦ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨɧɟɦɟɧɶɲɟɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɇɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɰɚɪɚɩɢɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɬɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ
ɧɟɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɭɞɚ ɫ ɲɟɪɨɯɨɜɚɬɵɦ ɞɧɨɦ Ɇɟɠɞɭ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɸɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢɢɞɧɨɦɩɨɫɭɞɵɩɨɩɚɥɢɤɪɭɩɢɧɤɢ
ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɤɢ ɫɨɥɢ ɋɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɈɑɂɋɌɄȺ ɩɟɪɟɞ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦɩɨɫɭɞɵɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɨɧɚɢɦɟɟɬɱɢɫɬɨɟ
ɞɧɨ ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɨɫɭɞɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɝɥɚɞɤɢɦ ɞɧɨɦ ɐɚɪɚɩɢɧɵ
ɦɨɠɧɨɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶɬɨɥɶɤɨɩɪɢɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɨɬɩɟɱɚɬɤɢ
ɇɟɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɝɚɣɬɟɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɭɸɩɨɫɭɞɭɩɨɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɦɨɬɪɢɬɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢɩɨɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɟɫɥɢɩɪɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɵɯɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɩɹɬɧɚ
ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹȼɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶɥɟɡɜɢɟɦɢɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦ
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɜɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɈɑɂɋɌɄȺ
Ɍɟɦɧɵɟɩɹɬɧɚ
ȼɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɥɟɡɜɢɟɦ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦ
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦɜɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɈɑɂɋɌɄȺ
ɋɜɟɬɥɵɟɨɛɥɚɫɬɢɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɋɥɟɞɵɨɬɚɥɸɦɢɧɢɟɜɨɣɢɦɟɞɧɨɣɩɨɫɭɞɵɚɬɚɤɠɟɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɩɹɬɧɚɨɬɜɨɞɵɢɩɢɳɢɗɬɢɩɹɬɧɚɦɨɠɧɨɭɞɚɥɢɬɶɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɱɢɫɬɹɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɋɥɟɞɵ ɠɠɟɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɯɚɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɚ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɋɦɨɬɪɢɬɟɪɚɡɞɟɥɈɑɂɋɌɄȺ
ȼɚɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵɲɭɧɬɵɧɚɤɥɟɦɦɧɨɣɤɨɥɨɞɤɟ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɚɊɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɣɬɟɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸɩɚɧɟɥɶ
ȼɚɪɨɱɧɚɹɩɚɧɟɥɶɧɟɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ Ɋɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸ
ɩɚɧɟɥɶ
ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚɰɢɤɥɨɜɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɞɥɹɡɨɧɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ
Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɛɵɥ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɡɨɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɨɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣɡɚɜɢɫɢɬɨɬɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɹɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɱɚɫɨɜ
3
ɉɊɂɆȿɑȺɇɂȿ ɜɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɛɭɞɟɬɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢɧɚɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɨɬɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ
ɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸɩɚɧɟɥɶɨɬɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜɚ
ɍٻ ɏɈȾɂɈɑɂɋɌɄȺ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɯɨɞɭ ɡɚ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ
ɩɚɧɟɥɶɸɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɨɧɚɨɫɬɵɥɚ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ ɩɚɫɬɵ ɢ ɫɤɪɟɛɤɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɗɬɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɵ ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɜ
ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɦɚɝɚɡɢɧɚɯ
ɉɨɫɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ
ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɪɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɭɫɥɨɠɧɢɬɨɱɢɫɬɤɭ
ɀɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɨɬ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɥɟɝɤɨɪɚɫɩɥɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
ɢɡɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɵɫɚɯɚɪɢɥɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵɧɚɨɫɧɨɜɟɫɚɯɚɪɚ
ɍɏɈȾ
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɤɚɩɟɥɶɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɬɹɳɟɝɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ
ɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɉɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɫɬɨɣɤɢɟ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɹɝɤɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ
ɜɥɚɠɧɵɦɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɦɩɨɥɨɬɟɧɰɟɦ
ɉɪɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɹɝɤɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɫɭɯɢɦ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɦ
ɩɨɥɨɬɟɧɰɟɦɞɨɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ
ȿɫɥɢɫɬɨɣɤɢɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɜɫɟɟɳɟɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ
ɇɚɥɟɣɬɟ ɟɳɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɟɝɨ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɧɚɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɩɚɧɟɥɢ
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɟɫɬɨɣɤɢɟɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸɫɤɪɟɛɤɚɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹ
ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɤ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɣ
ɉɪɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɹɝɤɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɫɭɯɢɦ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɦ
ɩɨɥɨɬɟɧɰɟɦɞɨɱɢɫɬɨɬɵ
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸɜɫɥɭɱɚɟɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɇȿɄɈɌɈɊɕȿɊȿɄɈɆȿɇȾȺɐɂɂ
ɉɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɣɨɱɢɫɬɤɟ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɚɹ ɩɥɟɧɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹɨɱɟɧɶ
ɜɚɠɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɚɪɚɩɢɧ ɢ ɢɡɧɨɫɚ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɨɣ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɟɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɢɫɬɚɹ Ⱦɥɹ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹɩɨɞɬɟɤɨɜɜɨɞɵɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɤɚɩɟɥɶɛɟɥɨɝɨ
ɭɤɫɭɫɚ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɦɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɚɛɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ
ɛɭɦɚɝɨɣ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɩɥɹɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɬɹɳɟɝɨ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ
ɋɬɟɤɥɨɤɟɪɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɰɚɪɚɩɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɭɯɨɧɧɨɣ
ɩɨɫɭɞɨɣ ɫ ɩɥɨɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɝɥɚɞɤɢɦ ɞɧɨɦ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɥɭɱɲɟ
ɩɪɢɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɬɶɩɨɫɭɞɭɩɪɢɟɟɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢɫɨɞɧɨɣɡɨɧɵɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɜɞɪɭɝɭɸ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ
58
ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɧɢɡɤɢɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ±ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣɭɪɨɜɟɧɶɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ±ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɪɚɛɨɬɵ
Ɂɨɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɩɥɚɜɤɢɯɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɟɣɪɚɡɦɵɤɚɬɟɥɟɣɜ
ɞɨɦɟɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶɜɬɨɦɱɬɨɧɟɬɩɟɪɟɛɨɹɜɩɨɞɚɱɟɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
Ɂɨɧɚɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɇɟɱɚɹɧɧɨɟɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹɤɧɨɩɤɚȼɄɅȼɕɄɅ
ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɤɚɤɨɣɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɍɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɫ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ȼɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ
ȼɵɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ)ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɰɢɮɪɵ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟɤɨɝɞɚɜɵɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ)ɢɰɢɮɪɵȼɚɲɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥɨɲɢɛɤɭȼɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɧɢɠɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɶɞɥɹɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ
ɉɈɋɅȿɉɊɈȾȺɀɇɈȿɈȻɋɅɍɀɂȼȺɇɂȿ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɸɩɪɨɫɢɦɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹɜɬɨɦ
ɱɬɨ ɜɢɥɤɚ ɲɧɭɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɢɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ
ȿɫɥɢ ȼɵ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɭ
ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɵɬɚɣɬɟɫɶ
ɨɬɪɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɉɨɡɜɨɧɢɬɟ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪ
ɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɸ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɪɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɨɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ
ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨ
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ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɟɟ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɸȿɫɥɢɨɲɢɛɤɚɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶɜɰɟɧɬɪɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹȿɫɥɢɨɲɢɛɤɚ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɨɜɨɜɪɟɦɹɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶɜɰɟɧɬɪɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɲɢɛɤɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟɩɨɤɚɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɧɟɫɧɢɡɢɬɫɹȼɚɪɨɱɧɚɹɩɚɧɟɥɶɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɜɨɡɨɛɧɨɜɢɬɪɚɛɨɬɵɤɨɝɞɚ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
Ɂɨɧɚ ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɝɨɪɹɱɚɹ ɜɫɟ ɡɨɧɵ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɛɵɥɢɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ
ɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟ ɩɨɤɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɟ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɫɹ ȿɫɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬɭɪɨɜɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶɜɰɟɧɬɪɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɨɞɨɠɞɢɬɟ ɩɨɤɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɟ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɫɹ ȿɫɥɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬɭɪɨɜɧɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶɜɰɟɧɬɪɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɞɚɬɱɢɤ
ɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ
ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɜɚɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɫɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨ ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɤɚɫɚɸɬɫɹɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɨɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
ɂɡɥɢɲɧɹɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɫɟɯɤɧɨɩɨɤ
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ Ɉɲɢɛɤɚ
ɢɫɱɟɡɚɟɬɤɨɝɞɚɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹɤɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦɭɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸȿɫɥɢɨɲɢɛɤɚ
ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶɜɰɟɧɬɪɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɲɢɛɤɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɧɨɩɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ Ɉɲɢɛɤɚ
ɢɫɱɟɡɚɟɬɤɨɝɞɚɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹɤɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦɭɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸȿɫɥɢɨɲɢɛɤɚ
ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶɜɰɟɧɬɪɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɲɢɛɤɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɧɨɩɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ Ɉɲɢɛɤɚ
ɢɫɱɟɡɚɟɬɤɨɝɞɚɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹɤɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɦɭɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸȿɫɥɢɨɲɢɛɤɚ
ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶɜɰɟɧɬɪɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɲɢɛɤɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ
ɤɧɨɩɨɱɧɨɣɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɚɹɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɜɨɞɧɨɣɢɡɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɰɟɩɟɣɪɟɥɟɈɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɜɚɪɨɱɧɭɸɩɚɧɟɥɶɨɬɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɜɵɠɞɢɬɟɦɢɧɭɬɭɩɨɫɥɟɱɟɝɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟȿɫɥɢɨɲɢɛɤɚɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟɫɶɜɰɟɧɬɪ
ɩɨɫɥɟɩɪɨɞɚɠɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɲɢɛɤɚɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢɪɟɥɟ
Ɉɲɢɛɤɚ
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
Ⱦɢɫɩɥɟɣɡɨɧɵ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚ
ɉɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɞɚɬɱɢɤɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ
58
ȈĮȢ ıȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİ ȞĮ ijȣȜȐȟİIJİ IJȚȢ ȠįȘȖȓİȢ
İȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȢ țĮȚ ȤȡȒıȘȢ ȖȚĮ ȝİȜȜȠȞIJȚțȒ
ĮȞĮijȠȡȐ țĮȚ ʌȡȚȞ Įʌȩ IJȘȞ İȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ IJȘȢ
İıIJȓĮȢȞĮıȘȝİȚȫıİIJİIJȠȞĮȡȚșȝȩıİȚȡȐȢIJȘȢıİ
ʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣȤȡİȚĮıIJİȓIJİȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘĮʌȩIJȘȞ
ȣʌȘȡİıȓĮȝİIJĮȖȠȡĮıIJȚțȒȢİȟȣʌȘȡȑIJȘıȘȢ
ȆȇȅǼǿǻȅȆȅǿǾȈǾȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ țĮȚIJĮ
ʌȡȠıȕȐıȚȝĮIJȝȒȝĮIJȐIJȘȢșİȡȝĮȓȞȠȞIJĮȚʌȠȜȪțĮIJȐ
IJȘ įȚȐȡțİȚĮ IJȘȢ ȤȡȒıȘȢ ĬĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ įȓȞİIJĮȚ
ʌȡȠıȠȤȒ ȫıIJİ ȞĮĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚIJȠ ȐȖȖȚȖȝĮ IJȦȞ
șİȡȝĮȞIJȚțȫȞıIJȠȚȤİȓȦȞȆĮȚįȚȐȘȜȚțȓĮȢțȐIJȦIJȦȞ
İIJȫȞ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ʌĮȡĮȝȑȞȠȣȞ ȝĮțȡȚȐ Įʌȩ IJȘ
ıȣıțİȣȒ İțIJȩȢ İȐȞ ȕȡȓıțȠȞIJĮȚ ȣʌȩ ıȣȞİȤȒ
İʌȓȕȜİȥȘ
ȆȇȅǼǿǻȅȆȅǿǾȈǾ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ ȝȩȞȠ
ʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣIJȚțȐİıIJȚȫȞʌȠȣıȤİįȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠȞ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȒIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȒʌȠȣ
ȣʌȠįİȚțȞȪȠȞIJĮȚ Įʌȩ IJȠȞ țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȒ IJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢıIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢȤȡȒıȘȢȦȢțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜĮȒIJĮ
ʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣIJȚțȐİıIJȚȫȞ ʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚ İȞıȦȝĮIJȦȝȑȞĮ
ıIJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒǾȤȡȒıȘ ĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȦȞ
ʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣIJȚțȫȞ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚ
ĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮ
ȆȇȅǼǿǻȅȆȅǿǾȈǾIJȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮȤȦȡȓȢİʌȓȕȜİȥȘ
ıİ ȝȓĮ İıIJȓĮ ȝİ ȜȓʌȠȢ Ȓ ȜȐįȚ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ
İʌȚțȓȞįȣȞȠțĮȚȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐ
ȆȅȉǼȝȘȞʌȡȠıʌĮșȒıİIJİȞĮıȕȒıİIJİȝȚĮijȦIJȚȐ
ȝİȞİȡȩĮȜȜȐĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚ
ıIJȘ ıȣȞȑȤİȚĮ țĮȜȪȥIJİ IJȘ ijȜȩȖĮ ʌȤ ȝİ ȑȞĮ
țĮʌȐțȚȒȝȚĮțȠȣȕȑȡIJĮʌȣȡȩıȕİıȘȢ
ȆȇȅǼǿǻȅȆȅǿǾȈǾ țȓȞįȣȞȠȢ ʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐȢ ȝȘȞ
ĮʌȠșȘțİȪİIJİ ĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮ ıIJȚȢ İʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
ȆȇȅǼǿǻȅȆȅǿǾȈǾ İȐȞ Ș İʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ İȓȞĮȚ
ȡĮȖȚıȝȑȞȘ ȝȘȞ ĮȖȖȓȗİIJİ IJȠ ȖȣĮȜȓ țĮȚ
ĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȒıIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ʌȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣ ȞĮ
ĮʌȠijİȣȤșİȓȘʌȚșĮȞȩIJȘIJĮȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢ
ǹȣIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓĮʌȩ
ʌĮȚįȚȐȘȜȚțȓĮȢİIJȫȞȒȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡĮțĮȚĮʌȩȐIJȠȝĮ
ȝİ ȝİȚȦȝȑȞİȢ ıȦȝĮIJȚțȑȢ ĮȚıșȘIJȘȡȚĮțȑȢ Ȓ
įȚĮȞȠȘIJȚțȑȢ ȚțĮȞȩIJȘIJİȢ Ȓ ȑȜȜİȚȥȘ İȝʌİȚȡȓĮȢ țĮȚ
ȖȞȫıȘȢ İȐȞ İȓȞĮȚ ȣʌȩ İʌȓȕȜİȥȘ Ȓ IJȠȣȢ ȑȤȠȣȞ
įȠșİȓ ȠįȘȖȓİȢ ĮȞĮijȠȡȚțȐ ȝİ IJȘ ȤȡȒıȘ IJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢȝİĮıijĮȜȒIJȡȩʌȠțĮȚȑȤȠȣȞțĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚ
IJȠȣȢ țȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢ ʌȠȣ İȞȑȤȠȞIJĮȚ ȉĮ ʌĮȚįȚȐ șĮ
ʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİʌȚȕȜȑʌȠȞIJĮȚȫıIJİȞĮįȚĮıijĮȜȓȗİIJĮȚȩIJȚ
įİȞʌĮȓȗȠȣȞȝİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȅțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢțĮȚȘ
ıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘ Įʌȩ IJȠȞ ȤȡȒıIJȘ įİȞ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ
ȖȓȞİIJĮȚĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐȤȦȡȓȢİʌȓȕȜİȥȘ
ȆȇȅȈȅȋǾȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮ
ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚ ȣʌȩ İʌȓȕȜİȥȘ ȂȚĮ ıȪȞIJȠȝȘ
įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ İʌȚȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚ
ıȣȞİȤȫȢ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȚįȚĮȓIJİȡĮȞĮțȡĮIJȐIJİIJĮʌĮȚįȚȐȝĮțȡȚȐ
ĮʌȩIJȚȢȗȫȞİȢ ȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢİȞȫ ĮȣIJȑȢ İȓȞĮȚıİ
ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȒȩIJĮȞİȓȞĮȚ ıȕȘıIJȑȢȖȚĮȩıȠȤȡȩȞȠ
İȓȞĮȚ ĮȞĮȝȝȑȞȘ Ș ȑȞįİȚȟȘ ȣʌȠȜİȚʌȩȝİȞȘȢ
șİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮȢ ʌȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣ ȞĮ ĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚ Ƞ
țȓȞįȣȞȠȢʌȡȩțȜȘıȘȢıȠȕĮȡȫȞİȖțĮȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ǹȣIJȒȘ ıȣıțİȣȒįİȞʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȖȚĮ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ
ȝȑıȦ İȟȦIJİȡȚțȠȪ ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ Ȓ ȟİȤȦȡȚıIJȠȪ
ıȣıIJȒȝĮIJȠȢIJȘȜİȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪ
ȂȘȞțȠȚIJȐȗİIJİĮʌİȣșİȓĮȢıIJĮıIJȠȚȤİȓĮIJȘȢİıIJȓĮȢ
ȝİȜȐȝʌİȢĮȜȠȖȩȞȠȣİȐȞȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞ
ȈȣȞįȑıIJİȑȞĮijȚȢıIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢʌȠȣ
İȓȞĮȚ țĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȠ ȖȚĮ IJȘȞ IJȐıȘ IJȠ ȡİȪȝĮ țĮȚ IJȠ
ijȠȡIJȓȠ ʌȠȣ ĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚ ıIJȘȞ İIJȚțȑIJĮ țĮȚ IJȠ
ȠʌȠȓȠįȚĮșȑIJİȚİʌĮijȒȖİȓȦıȘȢǾʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮ
İȓȞĮȚțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȖȚĮIJȠijȠȡIJȓȠʌȠȣĮȞĮȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ
ıIJȘȞİIJȚțȑIJĮțĮȚʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȑȤİȚIJȘȞİʌĮijȒȖİȓȦıȘȢ
ıȣȞįİįİȝȑȞȘ țĮȚ ıİ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ ȅ ĮȖȦȖȩȢ
ȅǻǾīǿǼȈǹȈĭǹȁǼǿǹȈ
ȖİȓȦıȘȢ ȑȤİȚ țȓIJȡȚȞȠʌȡȐıȚȞȠ ȤȡȫȝĮ ǹȣIJȒ Ș
İȡȖĮıȓĮ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ İțIJİȜİȓIJĮȚ Įʌȩ
ʌȚıIJȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȠ İʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȓĮ Ȉİ ʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘ
ĮıȣȝȕĮIJȩIJȘIJĮȢȝİIJĮȟȪIJȘȢʌȡȓȗĮȢțĮȚIJȠȣijȚȢIJȘȢ
ʌȡȓȗĮȢ IJȘȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢ ȗȘIJȒıIJİ Įʌȩ ȑȞĮȞ
ʌȚıIJȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȠ ȘȜİțIJȡȠȜȩȖȠ ȞĮ ĮȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJȒıİȚ
IJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮȝİȝȓĮȐȜȜȘțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȠȣIJȪʌȠȣȉȠijȚȢ
țĮȚȘʌȡȓȗĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮıȣȝȝȠȡijȫȞȠȞIJĮȚȝİIJȠȣȢ
ȚıȤȪȠȞIJİȢțĮȞȩȞİȢIJȘȢȤȫȡĮȢİȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȢ
Ǿ ıȪȞįİıȘ ıIJȘȞ IJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮ ȚıȤȪȠȢ ȝʌȠȡİȓ
İʌȓıȘȢ ȞĮȖȓȞİȚ IJȠʌȠșİIJȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮȞ ʌȠȜȣʌȠȜȚțȩ
ĮıijĮȜİȚȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȝİIJĮȟȪIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢțĮȚIJȘȢ
IJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢ ȚıȤȪȠȢ Ƞ ȠʌȠȓȠȢ ȞĮ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ
ĮȞIJȑȟİȚIJȠȝȑȖȚıIJȠıȣȞįİįİȝȑȞȠijȠȡIJȓȠțĮȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚ
ıȪȝijȦȞȠȢȝİIJȘȞȚıȤȪȠȣıĮȞȠȝȠșİıȓĮ
ȉȠțȓIJȡȚȞȠʌȡȐıȚȞȠțĮȜȫįȚȠȖİȓȦıȘȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚ
ȞĮ įȚĮțȩʌIJİIJĮȚ Įʌȩ IJȠȞ ĮıijĮȜİȚȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ Ǿ
ʌȡȓȗĮȒȠʌȠȜȣʌȠȜȚțȩȢĮıijĮȜİȚȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȢʌȠȣ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚȖȚĮIJȘıȪȞįİıȘșĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚ
İȪțȠȜĮ ʌȡȠıȕȐıȚȝȠȢ ȩIJĮȞ ȑȤİȚ IJȠʌȠșİIJȘșİȓ Ș
ıȣıțİȣȒıIJȘșȑıȘIJȘȢ
Ǿ ĮʌȠıȪȞįİıȘ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ İʌȚIJİȣȤșİȓ ȑȤȠȞIJĮȢ
ʌȡȩıȕĮıȘ ıIJȠ ijȚȢ Ȓ İȞıȦȝĮIJȫȞȠȞIJĮȢ ȑȞĮȞ
įȚĮțȩʌIJȘıIJȘȞıIJĮșİȡȒțĮȜȦįȓȦıȘıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİ
IJȠȣȢțĮȞȩȞİȢțĮȜȦįȓȦıȘȢ
ǼȐȞȑȤİȚʌȡȠțȜȘșİȓȗȘȝȚȐıIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠ
IJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮĮȞIJȚțĮIJĮıIJĮșİȓĮʌȩIJȠȞ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȒIJȠȞİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠIJİȤȞȚțȩIJȠȣȒ
ȐIJȠȝĮȝİʌĮȡȩȝȠȚĮIJİȤȞȚțȒțĮIJȐȡIJȚıȘȑIJıȚȫıIJİ
ȞĮ ĮʌȠijİȣȤșİȓ ȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİ țȓȞįȣȞȠȢ ȅ
ĮȖȦȖȩȢ ȖİȓȦıȘȢ țȓIJȡȚȞȠȣʌȡȐıȚȞȠȣ ȤȡȫȝĮIJȠȢ
ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠȢ Įʌȩ PP ıIJȘȞ
ʌȜİȣȡȐ IJȠȣ ȝʌȜȠț ĮțȡȠįİțIJȫȞ Ǿ İıȦIJİȡȚțȒ
įȚĮIJȠȝȒIJȦȞĮȖȦȖȫȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘ
ȖȚĮ IJȘȞ ȚıȤȪ ʌȠȣ ĮʌȠȡȡȠijȐIJĮȚ Įʌȩ IJȘȞ İıIJȓĮ
ĮȞĮȖȡȐijİIJĮȚ ıIJȘȞ İIJȚțȑIJĮ ȅ IJȪʌȠȢ IJȠȣ
țĮȜȦįȓȠȣȚıȤȪȠȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚ+299)
ȂȘȞ IJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİ ȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐ ĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮ ȩʌȦȢ
ȝĮȤĮȓȡȚĮ ʌȚȡȠȪȞȚĮ țȠȣIJȐȜȚĮ Ȓ țĮʌȐțȚĮ ıIJȘȞ
İıIJȓĮǼȞįȑȤİIJĮȚȞĮșİȡȝĮȞșȠȪȞ
ǻİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȠȪȞIJĮȚijȪȜȜĮĮȜȠȣȝȚȞȓȠȣ
țĮȚʌȜĮıIJȚțȐıțİȪȘİʌȐȞȦıIJȚȢȗȫȞİȢșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢ
ȂİIJȐĮʌȩțȐșİȤȡȒıȘĮʌĮȚIJİȓIJĮȚțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȦȞ
İıIJȚȫȞȑIJıȚȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚȘıȣııȫȡİȣıȘ
ȡȪʌȦȞțĮȚȜȓʌȠȣȢǼȐȞʌĮȡĮȝİȓȞİȚĮȣIJȩ
İʌĮȞĮșİȡȝĮȓȞİIJĮȚ ȩIJĮȞ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȞIJĮȚ ȠȚ
İıIJȓİȢ țĮȚ țĮȓȖİIJĮȚ ʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJĮȢ țĮʌȞȩ țĮȚ
įȣıȐȡİıIJİȢ ȝȣȡȦįȚȑȢ ȖȚĮ ȞĮ ȝȘȞ ĮȞĮijȑȡȠȣȝİ
IJȠȣȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢįȚȐįȠıȘȢʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐȢ
ȆȠIJȑ ȝȘȞ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ ĮIJȝȩ Ȓ ȥİțĮıȝȩ ȝİ
ȣȥȘȜȒʌȓİıȘȖȚĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȂȘȞ ĮȖȖȓȗİIJİ IJȚȢ ȗȫȞİȢ șȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢ țĮIJȐ IJȘȞ
įȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȘȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢȒĮȝȑıȦȢȝİIJȐIJȘȤȡȒıȘ
ȆȠIJȑȝȘȞȝĮȖİȚȡİȪİIJİijĮȖȘIJȩĮʌİȣșİȓĮȢİʌȐȞȦ
ıIJȠIJȗȐȝȚIJȘȢțİȡĮȝȚțȒȢİıIJȓĮȢ
ȃĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȐȞIJĮIJȠțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȠȝĮȖİȚȡȚțȩ
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ȝȠȞȐįĮȢ İʌȐȞȦ ıIJȘȞ ȠʌȠȓĮ ȝĮȖİȚȡİȪİIJİ ȂȘȞ
IJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȓʌȠIJĮıIJȠȞʌȓȞĮțĮİȜȑȖȤȠȣ
ȂȘȞ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ IJȘȞ İıIJȓĮ ȦȢ İʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
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ȂȘȞ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ IJȘȞ İʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ ıĮȞ ȟȪȜȠ
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ȂȘȞĮʌȠșȘțİȪİIJİȕĮȡȚȐĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮİʌȐȞȦĮʌȩ
IJȘȞ İıIJȓĮ ǼȐȞ ʌȑıȠȣȞ İʌȐȞȦ ıIJȘȞ İıIJȓĮ
İȞįȑȤİIJĮȚȞĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıȠȣȞȗȘȝȚȐ
ȂȘȞ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ IJȘȞ İıIJȓĮ ȖȚĮ ĮʌȠșȒțİȣıȘ
ȠʌȠȚȦȞįȒʌȠIJİĮȞIJȚțİȚȝȑȞȦȞ
ȂȘȞ ıȑȡȞİIJİ IJĮ ȝĮȖİȚȡȚțȐ ıțİȪȘ İʌȐȞȦ ıIJȘȞ
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İıIJȓĮȢțĮȚIJȠȣʌȓıȦIJȠȚȤȫȝĮIJȠȢ
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ĮıijȐȜİȚĮȢ ȣȖİȓĮȢ țĮȚ ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞIJȠȢ ʌȠȣ ȚıȤȪȠȣȞ ȖȚĮ ĮȣIJȒȞ IJȘȞ
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ȆȇȅȈȉǹȈǿǹȉȅȊȆǼȇǿǺǹȁȁȅȃȉȅȈ
ǹȣIJȒ Ș ıȣıțİȣȒ ijȑȡİȚ ıȒȝĮȞıȘ ıȪȝijȦȞĮ ȝİ IJȘȞ
ǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȒ ȅįȘȖȓĮ ǼǼ ȖȚĮ IJĮ ǹʌȩȕȜȘIJĮ
ǾȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪțĮȚǾȜİțIJȡȠȞȚțȠȪǼȟȠʌȜȚıȝȠȪǹǾǾǼ
ȉĮ ǹǾǾǼ ʌİȡȚȑȤȠȣȞ ȡȣʌȠȖȩȞİȢ ȠȣıȓİȢ ʌȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ
įȣȞĮIJȩȞĮ ʌȡȠțĮȜȑıȠȣȞĮȡȞȘIJȚțȑȢ İʌȚʌIJȫıİȚȢıIJȠ
ʌİȡȚȕȐȜȜȠȞțĮșȫȢțĮȚȕĮıȚțȐıȣıIJĮIJȚțȐIJĮȠʌȠȓĮ
İȓȞĮȚ įȣȞĮIJȩ ȞĮ İʌĮȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșȠȪȞ ȉĮ ǹǾǾǼ
İȓȞĮȚ ıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȩ ȞĮ ȣʌȠȕȐȜȜȠȞIJĮȚ ıİ İȚįȚțȑȢ
İʌİȟİȡȖĮıȓİȢ ʌȡȠțİȚȝȑȞȠȣ ȞĮ ĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞȠȞIJĮȚ țĮȚ ȞĮ
ĮʌȠȡȡȓʌIJȠȞIJĮȚıȦıIJȐȩȜĮIJĮȡȣʌȠȖȩȞĮıIJȠȚȤİȓĮțĮȚȞĮĮȞĮțIJȫȞIJĮȚ
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ȉĮ ȐIJȠȝĮ ȝʌȠȡȠȪȞ ȞĮ įȚĮįȡĮȝĮIJȓıȠȣȞ ıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȩ ȡȩȜȠ ıIJȘȞ
İȟĮıijȐȜȚıȘ ȩIJȚ IJĮ ǹǾǾǼ įİȞ șĮ ĮʌȠIJİȜȑıȠȣȞ ʌİȡȚȕĮȜȜȠȞIJȚțȩ
ʌȡȩȕȜȘȝĮǼȓȞĮȚĮʌĮȡĮȓIJȘIJȠȞĮĮțȠȜȠȣșȠȪȞIJĮȚȠȡȚıȝȑȞȠȚȕĮıȚțȠȓ
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ȉĮ ǹǾǾǼ įİȞ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ĮȞIJȚȝİIJȦʌȓȗȠȞIJĮȚ ıĮȞ ȠȚțȚĮțȐ
ĮʌȠȡȡȓȝȝĮIJĮ
ȉĮ ǹǾǾǼ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ʌĮȡĮįȓįȠȞIJĮȚ ıIJĮ ıȤİIJȚțȐ ıȘȝİȓĮ
ıȣȜȜȠȖȒȢ ʌȠȣ įȚĮȤİȚȡȓȗȠȞIJĮȚ ȠȚ įȘȝȠIJȚțȑȢ ĮȡȤȑȢ Ȓ ȠȚ
İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞİȢİIJĮȚȡİȓİȢȈİʌȠȜȜȑȢȤȫȡİȢȖȚĮȝİȖȐȜĮǹǾǾǼ
İȞįȑȤİIJĮȚȞĮȣʌȐȡȤİȚıȣȜȜȠȖȒțĮIJȠȓțȠȞ
ȈİʌȠȜȜȑȢȤȫȡİȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮȖȠȡȐțĮȚȞȠȪȡȖȚĮȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȘʌĮȜȚȐ
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİʌȚıIJȡĮijİȓıIJȠȞȑȝʌȠȡȠȜȚĮȞȚțȒȢʌȫȜȘıȘȢȠȠʌȠȓȠȢ
ʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȘȞʌĮȡĮȜȐȕİȚȤȦȡȓȢȤȡȑȦıȘȝİĮȞIJȚıIJȠȚȤȓĮȑȞĮʌȡȠȢ
ȑȞĮİijȩıȠȞȠİȟȠʌȜȚıȝȩȢİȓȞĮȚȚıȠįȪȞĮȝȠȣIJȪʌȠȣțĮȚİʌȚIJİȜİȓIJȚȢ
ȓįȚİȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓİȢȝİIJȠȞʌĮȡİȤȩȝİȞȠİȟȠʌȜȚıȝȩ
Ǿ İȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ ȝȚĮȢ ȠȚțȚĮțȒȢ ıȣıțİȣȒȢ İȓȞĮȚ ȝȚĮ ʌİȡȓʌȜȠțȘ
įȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮȘȠʌȠȓĮİȐȞįİȞİțIJİȜİıIJİȓıȦıIJȐȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȑȤİȚıȠȕĮȡȑȢ
İʌȚʌIJȫıİȚȢ ıIJȘȞ ĮıijȐȜİȚĮ IJȦȞ ĮȖĮșȫȞ IJȦȞ ʌİȡȚȠȣıȚȫȞ Ȓ IJȦȞ
ʌȡȠıȫʌȦȞīȚĮIJȠȞȜȩȖȠĮȣIJȩșĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚĮʌȩ
İȟİȚįȚțİȣȝȑȞȠ İʌĮȖȖİȜȝĮIJȓĮ ıȪȝijȦȞĮ ȝİ IJȠȣȢ IJİȤȞȚțȠȪȢ
țĮȞȠȞȚıȝȠȪȢ
ȈİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘʌȠȣĮȖȞȠȘșİȓ ĮȣIJȒȘıȣȝȕȠȣȜȒțĮȚ ȘİȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ
ʌȡĮȖȝĮIJȠʌȠȚȘșİȓĮʌȩȝȘİȟİȚįȚțİȣȝȑȞȠȐIJȠȝȠȠțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȒȢįİȞ
ijȑȡİȚ țĮȝȓĮ İȣșȪȞȘ ȖȚĮ IJȣȤȩȞ IJİȤȞȚțȒ ȕȜȐȕȘ IJȠȣ ʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢ
ĮȞİȟȐȡIJȘIJĮĮʌȩIJȠİȐȞȑȤİȚȦȢĮʌȠIJȑȜİıȝĮIJȘȗȘȝȓĮıİĮȖĮșȐȒIJȠȞ
IJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȩĮIJȩȝȦȞȒȗȫȦȞ
ǹijȠȪĮijĮȚȡİșİȓȘıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȕİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİȩIJȚȘıȣıțİȣȒįİȞȑȤİȚ
ȣʌȠıIJİȓ ȗȘȝȚȐ įȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐ İʌȚțȠȚȞȦȞȒıIJİ ȝİ IJȘȞ ȣʌȘȡİıȓĮ
ȝİIJĮȖȠȡĮıIJȚțȒȢ İȟȣʌȘȡȑIJȘıȘȢ IJȠȣ IJȠȣ ʌȡȠȝȘșİȣIJȒ Ȓ IJȠȣ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȒ
ǺİȕĮȚȦșİȓIJİȩIJȚIJȠȑʌȚʌȜȠıIJȠȠʌȠȓȠșĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȘșİȓȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚ
ȩȜĮ IJĮ ȐȜȜĮ ȑʌȚʌȜĮ ʌȠȣ ȕȡȓıțȠȞIJĮȚ ıİ İȖȖȪIJȘIJĮ İȓȞĮȚ
țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıȝȑȞĮ ȝİ ȣȜȚțȐ ʌȠȣ ȝʌȠȡȠȪȞ ȞĮ ĮȞIJȑȟȠȣȞ ıİ ȣȥȘȜȑȢ
șİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓİȢİȜȐȤ&
ǼʌȚʌȜȑȠȞ ȩȜİȢ ȠȚ įȚĮțȠıȝȘIJȚțȑȢ ȜĮȝȚȞĮȡȚıȝȑȞİȢ İʌȚțĮȜȪȥİȚȢ șĮ
ʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȘșȠȪȞȝİțȩȜȜĮȣȥȘȜȒȢĮȞIJȠȤȒȢ
Ǿ ıȣıțİȣȒ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ İȖțĮIJĮıIJĮșİȓ ıİ İȞıȦȝĮIJȦȝȑȞȠ ȑʌȚʌȜȠ
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ǼȐȞIJȠțȐIJȦȝȑȡȠȢIJȘȢİıIJȓĮȢİȓȞĮȚįȓʌȜĮıİȤȫȡȠʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚıȣȞȒșȦȢ
ʌȡȠıȕȐıȚȝȠȢ ȖȚĮ İȡȖĮıȓİȢ ȤİȚȡȚıȝȠȪ Ȓ țĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ
IJȠʌȠșİIJȘșİȓȑȞĮįȚĮȤȦȡȚıIJȚțȩPPțȐIJȦĮʌȩIJȠțȐIJȦȝȑȡȠȢIJȘȢ
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ȀĮIJȐ IJȘȞ İȖțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ İȞȩȢ ijȠȪȡȞȠȣ țȐIJȦ Įʌȩ IJȘȞ İıIJȓĮ IJȠ
įȚĮȤȦȡȚıIJȚțȩįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮIJȠʌȠșİIJȘșİȓțĮȚȘİȜȐȤȚıIJȘĮʌȩıIJĮıȘ
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İıIJȓĮȢİȓȞĮȚıȦıIJȒȖİȝȓıIJİIJȠ
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ȑȞĮȟȑıIJȡȠȒȝİȣȖȡȩįȐȤIJȣȜȠ
ʌȠȣȑȤİȚȣȖȡĮȞșİȓȝİȞİȡȩțĮȚ
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ıIJİȖȞȫıİȚİȞIJİȜȫȢ
ȀĮȞȠȞȚțȒıIJİȡȑȦıȘ
ȆȐȡIJİ IJĮ țȜȚʌ ıIJİȡȑȦıȘȢ
Įʌȩ IJȘȞ IJıȐȞIJĮ ĮȟİıȠȣȐȡ țĮȚ
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ȋȇǾȈǾ
ǼȃǼȇīȅȆȅǿǾȈǾǹȆǼȃǼȇīȅȆȅǿǾȈǾȂǿǹȈ
ĬǼȇȂǹȃȉǿȀǾȈǽȍȃǾȈ
īȚĮ IJȘȞ İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘ İȞȩȢ șİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡĮ ĮȖȖȓȟIJİ ȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİ
șİȡȝĮȞIJȚțȒȗȫȞȘ ȖȚĮPVHF ĬĮĮțȠȣıIJİȓȑȞĮȢʌĮȡĮIJİIJĮȝȑȞȠȢ
ȒȤȠȢ ȝʌȚʌ țĮȚ șĮ İȝijĮȞȚıIJİȓ Ș IJȚȝȒ ıIJȠ ȥȘijȓȠ IJȘȢ ȗȫȞȘȢ
ʌȡȠȠȡȚıȝȠȪįİȓȤȞȠȞIJĮȢIJȠİʌȓʌİįȠȚıȤȪȠȢ
ǼȐȞȠʌȠȚȠįȒʌȠIJİıIJȐįȚȠȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢİȓȞĮȚıIJȘșȑıȘĮȣIJȒȘ
ȠșȩȞȘșĮĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘșİȓĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮȝİIJȐĮʌȩįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮțĮȚ
șĮȘȤȒıİȚȘĮțȠȜȠȣșȓĮĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢȗȫȞȘȢ
ǼȐȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚȑȞįİȚȟȘȣʌȠȜİȚʌȩȝİȞȘȢșİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮȢıIJȘȞȠșȩȞȘʌȠȣ
İȓȞĮȚİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȘĮȜȜȐıİȚıȤȪIJȠșĮİȝijĮȞȚıIJİȓȞĮĮȜȜȐȗİȚ
ǼȐȞȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮțȜİȚįȫȝĮIJȠȢİȓȞĮȚİȞİȡȖȒįİȞİȓȞĮȚįȣȞĮIJȒȘ
İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘȝȚĮȢȗȫȞȘȢ
īȚĮ ĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘ İȞȩȢ șİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡĮ ĮȖȖȓȟIJİ ȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİ ȗȫȞȘ
șȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢ ȖȚĮ įİȣIJİȡȩȜȑʌIJĮĬĮ ĮțȠȣıIJȠȪȞ ıȪȞIJȠȝȠȚ ȒȤȠȚ
ȝʌȚʌțĮȚįİȞșĮİȝijĮȞȚıIJİȓIJȓʌȠIJĮȒ ȘIJȚȝȒ+șĮİȝijĮȞȚıIJİȓıIJȠ
ȥȘijȓȠIJȘȢȗȫȞȘȢʌȡȠȠȡȚıȝȠȪİȐȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚȣʌȠȜİȚʌȩȝİȞȘșİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮ
ǾȗȫȞȘșĮĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘșİȓ
ǼȐȞȠʌȠȚȠįȒʌȠIJİıIJȐįȚȠȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢİȓȞĮȚıIJȘșȑıȘĮȣIJȒȘ
ȈȊȂǺȅȊȁǼȈīǿǹȂǹīǼǿȇǿȀǹȈȀǼȊǾ
ǾȤȡȒıȘȝĮȖİȚȡȚțȫȞıțİȣȫȞțĮȜȒȢʌȠȚȩIJȘIJĮȢİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪıȘȝĮȞIJȚțȒȖȚĮ
IJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘĮʌȩįȠıȘIJȘȢİıIJȓĮȢıĮȢ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİʌȐȞIJĮȝĮȖİȚȡȚțȐıțİȪȘțĮȜȒȢʌȠȚȩIJȘIJĮȢȝİ
IJİȜİȓȦȢİʌȓʌİįİȢțĮȚȝİȖȐȜȠȣʌȐȤȠȣȢȕȐıİȚȢȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢ
ĮȣIJȩȞIJȠȞIJȪʌȠȝĮȖİȚȡȚțȫȞıțİȣȫȞĮʌȠIJȡȑʌȠȞIJĮȚIJĮșİȡȝȐıȘȝİȓĮIJĮ
ȠʌȠȓĮʌȡȠțĮȜȠȪȞIJȠ³țȩȜȜȘȝĮ´IJȠȣijĮȖȘIJȠȪȉĮȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȐıțİȪȘțĮȚ
IJĮ įȠȤİȓĮ ȝİȖȐȜȠȣ ʌȐȤȠȣȢ ʌĮȡȑȤȠȣȞ ȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijȘ țĮIJĮȞȠȝȒ IJȘȢ
șİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮȢ
ȈȚȖȠȣȡİȣIJİȓIJİ ȩIJȚ Ș ȕȐıȘ IJȠȣ ıțİȪȠȣȢ Ȓ IJȠȣ įȠȤİȓȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ
ıIJİȖȞȒȩIJĮȞȖİȝȓȗİIJİıțİȪȘȝİȣȖȡȩȒȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİİțİȓȞȠʌȠȣ
İȓȞĮȚȒįȘĮʌȠșȘțİȣȝȑȞȠȝȑıĮıİȥȣȖİȓȠıȚȖȠȣȡİȣIJİȓIJİȩIJȚȘȕȐıȘIJȠȣ
ıțİȪȠȣȢİȓȞĮȚIJİȜİȓȦȢıIJİȖȞȒʌȡȚȞIJȠIJȠʌȠșİIJȒıİIJİİʌȐȞȦıIJȘȞİıIJȓĮ
ǹȣIJȩșĮȕȠȘșȒıİȚıIJȘȞĮʌȠijȣȖȒʌȡȩțȜȘıȘȢȜİțȑįȦȞİʌȐȞȦıIJȘȞ
İıIJȓĮ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİıțİȪȘIJȦȞȠʌȠȓȦȞȘįȚȐȝİIJȡȠȢİȓȞĮȚĮȡțİIJȒ
ȫıIJİ ȞĮ țĮȜȪʌIJİIJĮȚ İȞIJİȜȫȢ Ș İʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ IJȘȢ ȝȠȞȐįĮȢ IJȠ
ȝȑȖİșȠȢ IJȠȣ įȠȤİȓȠȣ įİȞ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ İȓȞĮȚ ȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȠ Įʌȩ IJȘȞ
ʌİȡȚȠȤȒșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢ ǼȐȞİȓȞĮȚ İȜĮijȡȫȢʌȚȠ ijĮȡįȪȘ İȞȑȡȖİȚĮ șĮ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓıIJȘȝȑȖȚıIJȘĮʌȩįȠıȒIJȘȢ
ǼȆǿȁȅīǾ ȂǹīǼǿȇǿȀȅȊ ȈȀǼȊȅȊȈ ȅȚ ʌȜȘȡȠijȠȡȓİȢ ʌȠȣ
ĮțȠȜȠȣșȠȪȞșĮıĮȢȕȠȘșȒıȠȣȞȞĮİʌȚȜȑȟIJİIJȠȝĮȖİȚȡȚțȩıțİȪȠȢʌȠȣ
ʌĮȡȑȤİȚIJȘȞțĮȜȪIJİȡȘįȣȞĮIJȒĮʌȩįȠıȘ
ǹȞȠȟİȓįȦIJȠĮIJıȐȜȚıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚȑȞIJȠȞĮǼȟĮȚȡİIJȚțȐțĮȜȩȝİȕȐıȘ
IJȪʌȠȣıȐȞIJȠȣȚIJȢĮʌȩțȡȐȝĮȝİIJȐȜȜȦȞǾȕȐıȘIJȪʌȠȣıȐȞIJȠȣȚIJȢ
ıȣȞįȣȐȗİȚIJĮȠijȑȜȘIJȠȣĮȞȠȟİȓįȦIJȠȣĮIJıĮȜȚȠȪİȝijȐȞȚıȘĮȞIJȠȤȒ
țĮȚıIJĮșİȡȩIJȘIJĮȝİIJĮʌȜİȠȞİțIJȒȝĮIJĮĮȜȠȣȝȚȞȓȠȣȒIJȠȣȤĮȜțȠȪ
șİȡȝȚțȒĮȖȦȖȚȝȩIJȘIJĮȠȝȠȚȩȝȠȡijȘțĮIJĮȞȠȝȒIJȘȢșİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮȢ
ǹȜȠȣȝȓȞȚȠ ıȣȞȚıIJȫȞIJĮȚ ȝİȖȐȜȠȣ ȕȐȡȠȣȢ ȀĮȜȒ ĮȖȦȖȚȝȩIJȘIJĮ ȉĮ
ȣʌȠȜİȓȝȝĮIJĮ ĮȜȠȣȝȚȞȓȠȣ İȝijĮȞȓȗȠȞIJĮȚ ȝİȡȚțȑȢ ijȠȡȑȢ ıĮȞ
ȖȡĮIJıȠȣȞȚȑȢİʌȐȞȦıIJȘȞİıIJȓĮĮȜȜȐȝʌȠȡȠȪȞȞĮĮijĮȚȡİșȠȪȞİȐȞ
țĮșĮȡȚıIJȠȪȞȐȝİıĮ
ǹȣIJȩ IJȠ ĮȜȠȣȝȓȞȚȠ įİȞ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚ ȜȩȖȦ IJȠȣ
ȤĮȝȘȜȠȪıȘȝİȓȠȣIJȒȟȘȢIJȠȣ
ȋȣIJȠıȓįȘȡȠȢ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓ ĮȜȜȐ įİȞ ıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚ
ȋĮȝȘȜȒĮʌȩįȠıȘȂʌȠȡİȓȞĮȖȡĮIJıȠȣȞȓıİȚIJȘȞİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ǺȐıȘĮʌȩȤĮȜțȩțİȡĮȝȚțȩıȣȞȚıIJȫȞIJĮȚȝİȖȐȜȠȣȕȐȡȠȣȢȀĮȜȒ
ĮʌȩįȠıȘĮȜȜȐȠ ȤĮȜțȩȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮĮijȒıİȚ ȣʌȠȜİȓȝȝĮIJĮIJĮ ȠʌȠȓĮ
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİȝijĮȞȓȗȠȞIJĮȚıĮȞȖȡĮIJıȠȣȞȚȑȢȉĮȣʌȠȜİȓȝȝĮIJĮȝʌȠȡȠȪȞ
ȞĮĮijĮȚȡİșȠȪȞĮȡțİȓȞĮțĮșĮȡȓȗİIJĮȚĮȝȑıȦȢȘİıIJȓĮȍıIJȩıȠȝȘȞ
ĮijȒȞİIJİ ĮȣIJȐ IJĮ ıțİȪȘ ȞĮ ıIJİȖȞȫȞȠȣȞ țĮIJȐ IJȠ ȕȡȐıȚȝȠ ȉȠ
ȣʌİȡșİȡȝĮıȝȑȞȠȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩįȠȤİȓȠȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮıIJȡĮȕȫıİȚİʌȐȞȦıIJȠ
ȖȣĮȜȓIJȘȢİıIJȓĮȢDzȞĮȣʌİȡșİȡȝĮıȝȑȞȠȤȐȜțȚȞȠıțİȪȠȢșĮĮijȒıİȚ
ȣʌȠȜİȓȝȝĮIJĮIJĮȠʌȠȓĮșĮĮijȒıȠȣȞȑȞĮȝȩȞȚȝȠȜİțȑİʌȐȞȦıIJȘȞİıIJȓĮ
ȆȠȡıİȜȐȞȘİȝĮȖȚȑ ȀĮȜȒĮʌȩįȠıȘ ȝȩȞȠ ȝİ ȜİʌIJȒ ȜİȓĮ İʌȓʌİįȘ
ȕȐıȘ
īȣĮȜȓțİȡĮȝȚțȩ įİȞ ıȣȞȚıIJȐIJĮȚ ȋĮȝȘȜȒ ĮʌȩįȠıȘ ȂʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ
ȖȡĮIJıȠȣȞȓıİȚIJȘȞİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ǼʌȚȜȠȖȒȝȚĮȢȗȫȞȘȢ
ǵIJĮȞ Ș ȗȫȞȘ İȓȞĮȚ ȒįȘ İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȘ ʌĮȡȐȖİIJĮȚ ȤĮȝȘȜȩIJİȡȘ
ȑȞIJĮıȘ ijȦIJȚıȝȠȪ ȖȚĮ IJȚȢ ȝȘ İʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞİȢ ȗȫȞİȢ ʌȠȣ İȓȞĮȚ
İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞİȢ
ȂİȑȞĮıȪȞIJȠȝȠʌȐIJȘȝĮIJȦȞʌȜȒțIJȡȦȞȒĮȣȟȒıIJİȒȝİȚȫıIJİIJȘȞ
ȚıȤȪıIJȠȥȘijȓȠİʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞȦȞȗȦȞȫȞ3
ȆĮIJȫȞIJĮȢʌĮȡĮIJİIJĮȝȑȞĮIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮȒ IJȠİʌȓʌİįȠȚıȤȪȠȢ
ĮȣȟȐȞİIJĮȚ ȝİȚȫȞİIJĮȚ ıȣȞİȤȫȢ Ȃİ ȝȚĮ ȖȡȒȖȠȡȘ ĮȪȟȘıȘ Ș
IJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮ ıIJĮȝĮIJȐ ıIJȠ İʌȓʌİįȠ țĮȚ ȖȚĮ ȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘ ȚıȤȪ
ȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚĮțȩȝȘȑȞĮıȪȞIJȠȝȠʌȐIJȘȝĮıIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠǻİȞĮțȠȪȖİIJĮȚ
țĮȞȑȞĮȢȒȤȠȢȝʌȚʌȝİȖȡȒȖȠȡȘĮȪȟȘıȘȝİȓȦıȘ
ȂȩȜȚȢİʌȚIJİȣȤșİȓIJȠİʌȓʌİįȠȚıȤȪȠȢ3ʌĮIJȫȞIJĮȢʌȐȜȚIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠ
įİȞĮȜȜȐȗİȚIJȠİʌȓʌİįȠȚıȤȪȠȢıIJȠȂȩȜȚȢİʌȚIJİȣȤșİȓIJȠİʌȓʌİįȠ
ȚıȤȪȠȢʌĮIJȫȞIJĮȢʌȐȜȚIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠįİȞĮȜȜȐȗİȚIJȠİʌȓʌİįȠȚıȤȪȠȢ
ıIJȠ3
Ȃİ ȝȚĮȗȫȞȘ İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȘıIJȠİʌȓʌİįȠ İȐȞȘ ȗȫȞȘİȓȞĮȚ
șİȡȝȒIJȠșĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚİȞĮȜȜȐȟȂİIJȐĮʌȩįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮIJȠ
ʌĮȪİȚ ȞĮ İȝijĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚ țĮȚ Ș ȑȞįİȚȟȘ + İȝijĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚ ıIJĮșİȡȐ ıIJȘȞ
ȠșȩȞȘ
ǵIJĮȞ İʌȚȜİȖİȓ ȑȞĮȢ șİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡĮȢ țĮȚ IJĮ ʌȜȒțIJȡĮ țĮȚ
ĮȖȖȓȗȠȞIJĮȚIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮIJȠİʌȓʌİįȠȚıȤȪȠȢșĮijIJȐıİȚıIJȠĮȜȜȐȠ
șİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡĮȢșĮįȚĮIJȘȡȘșİȓİʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞȠȢȖȚĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮǼȐȞȠ
șİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡĮȢȒIJĮȞȤȡȠȞȠʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȑȞȠȢȠȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȢșĮ
ĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘșİȓǹȣIJȒȘİȞȑȡȖİȚĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİțIJİȜİıIJİȓıİĮȡțİIJȑȢ
ʌİȡȚʌIJȫıİȚȢȝȩȞȠĮȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȘįȚĮȝȩȡijȦıȘIJȠȣȤİȚȡȚıIJȘȡȓȠȣĮijȒȢ
ȉĮĮțȩȜȠȣșĮʌĮȡĮįİȓȖȝĮIJĮİȓȞĮȚȝȩȞȠȖȚĮȜȩȖȠȣȢİȞȘȝȑȡȦıȘȢȈIJȘ
ıȣȞȑȤİȚĮ Ș ʌȡȠıȦʌȚțȒ ıĮȢ İȝʌİȚȡȓĮ șĮ ıĮȢ İʌȚIJȡȑȥİȚ ȞĮ
ʌȡȠıĮȡȝȩıİIJİĮȣIJȑȢIJȚȢȡȣșȝȓıİȚȢĮȞȐȜȠȖĮȝİIJȚȢʌȡȠIJȚȝȒıİȚȢțĮȚIJȚȢ
ıȣȞȒșİȚȑȢıĮȢ
ǹȣIJȒȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚĮȖȖȓȗȠȞIJĮȢIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮ
țĮȚ
ȈIJȘıȣȞȑȤİȚĮțȐșİijȠȡȐʌȠȣĮȖȖȓȗİIJĮȚȑȞĮʌȜȒțIJȡȠȘȠșȩȞȘ
İȝijĮȞȓȗİȚIJȘȞȑȞįİȚȟȘ/ȖȚĮįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮǾșȑȡȝĮȞıȘ
ʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚıIJȘȞȓįȚĮțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ
īȚĮ ȞĮ ĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘșİȓ Ș ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ ʌĮȚįȚțȒȢ ĮıijȐȜİȚĮȢ
ĮțȠȜȠȣșȒıIJİIJȘȞȓįȚĮįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮʌȠȣİȟȘȖȒșȘțİʌȡȠȘȖȠȣȝȑȞȦȢȈIJȘ
ıȣȞȑȤİȚĮ ĮțȠȪȖİIJĮȚ ȑȞĮȢ ıȪȞIJȠȝȠȢ ȒȤȠȢ ȝʌȚʌ țĮȚ İȝijĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚ Ș
ȑȞįİȚȟȘQǾİıIJȓĮʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚȟİțȜİȚįȦȝȑȞȘ
ȈȘȝİȓȦıȘǾĮȣIJȩȝĮIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮʌĮȚįȚțȒȢĮıijȐȜİȚĮȢİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚ
İȞIJȩȢȜİʌIJȫȞȝİIJȐIJȘıȣȞȠȜȚțȒĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘIJȘȢİıIJȓĮȢǹȣIJȒȘ
ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚ ĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮ ĮȜȜȐ ʌȡȠȘȖȠȣȝȑȞȦȢ İȓȞĮȚ
ĮʌĮȡĮȓIJȘIJȠȢ Ƞ ʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȩȢ IJȘȢ ǺȜ İȞȩIJȘIJĮ ȇȣșȝȓıİȚȢ
ȤȡȒıIJȘ
ǼȐȞȑȤİȚİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘșİȓȝȩȞȠȝȓĮȗȫȞȘĮȣIJȒȘȗȫȞȘȑȤİȚȒįȘİʌȚȜİȖİȓ
ĮʌȩʌȡȠİʌȚȜȠȖȒȤȦȡȓȢȞĮĮʌĮȚIJİȓIJĮȚıȪȞIJȠȝȠʌȐIJȘȝĮPVHF
IJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣİʌȚȜȠȖȒȢ
ǹȪȟȘıȘȂİȓȦıȘİʌȚʌȑįȠȣȚıȤȪȠȢ
ǼʌȚȜȠȖȒȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢʌĮȚįȚțȒȢĮıijȐȜİȚĮȢ
ȠșȩȞȘșĮĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘșİȓĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮȝİIJȐĮʌȩįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮțĮȚ
șĮȘȤȒıİȚȘĮțȠȜȠȣșȓĮĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢȗȫȞȘȢ
ǼȐȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚȑȞįİȚȟȘȣʌȠȜİȚʌȩȝİȞȘȢșİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮȢıIJȘȞȠșȩȞȘʌȠȣ
İȓȞĮȚĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȘșĮİȝijĮȞȚıIJİȓȘȑȞįİȚȟȘ+
ǹțȩȝȘțĮȚİȐȞȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮțȜİȚįȫȝĮIJȠȢİȓȞĮȚİȞİȡȖȒİȓȞĮȚįȣȞĮIJȒ
ȘĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘȝȚĮȢȗȫȞȘȢ
ǼȐȞ İȓȞĮȚ İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȠȢ ȝȩȞȠ ȑȞĮȢ șİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡĮȢ țĮȚ ĮȣIJȩȢ
ĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘșİȓșĮĮțȠȣıIJȠȪȞıȪȞIJȠȝȠȚȒȤȠȚȝʌȚʌįİȓȤȞȠȞIJĮȢȩIJȚ
ȩȜȘȘİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢİȓȞĮȚĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȘ
*5
īȚĮȞĮİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘșİȓȠįȚʌȜȩȢįĮțIJȪȜȚȠȢİʌȑțIJĮıȘȢȘıȤİIJȚțȒțȪȡȚĮ
ȗȫȞȘʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȒįȘİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȘțĮȚȘȑȞįİȚȟȘIJȠȣİʌȚʌȑįȠȣ
ȚıȤȪȠȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȘĮʌȩ
ǼȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘįȚʌȜȒȢȗȫȞȘȢ
ȂİIJȠȠıȪȞIJȠȝȠʌȐIJȘȝĮıIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠİʌȑțIJĮıȘȢİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚȠ
įĮțIJȪȜȚȠȢİʌȑțIJĮıȘȢȉȠ/('ıIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠİʌȑțIJĮıȘȢİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚ
İȐȞȠįĮțIJȪȜȚȠȢİʌȑțIJĮıȘȢİȓȞĮȚİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȠȢ
ȂİIJȠȠıȪȞIJȠȝȠʌȐIJȘȝĮıIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠİʌȑțIJĮıȘȢĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚȠ
įĮțIJȪȜȚȠȢİʌȑțIJĮıȘȢǹțȠȪȖİIJĮȚȑȞĮȢıȪȞIJȠȝȠȢȒȤȠȢȝʌȚʌıİțȐșİ
ʌȐIJȘȝĮIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣİʌȑțIJĮıȘȢ
ǼȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘIJȡȚʌȜȒȢȗȫȞȘȢ
ȂİIJȠȠıȪȞIJȠȝȠʌȐIJȘȝĮıIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠİʌȑțIJĮıȘȢİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚȠ
ȠȢ įĮțIJȪȜȚȠȢ İʌȑțIJĮıȘȢ /(' ıIJȠ ʌȜȒțIJȡȠ İʌȑțIJĮıȘȢ
İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚİȐȞȠȠȢįĮțIJȪȜȚȠȢİʌȑțIJĮıȘȢİȓȞĮȚİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȠȢ
ĮȡȚıIJİȡȩ/('ıİʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘIJȡȚʌȜȒȢȗȫȞȘȢȝİıĮȓȠțĮȚȑȞĮ/('ıİ
ʌİȡȓʌIJȦıȘįȚʌȜȒȢȗȫȞȘȢ
ȂİIJȠȠıȪȞIJȠȝȠʌȐIJȘȝĮıIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠİʌȑțIJĮıȘȢİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚȠ
ȠȢ įĮțIJȪȜȚȠȢ İʌȑțIJĮıȘȢ /(' ıIJȠ ʌȜȒțIJȡȠ İʌȑțIJĮıȘȢ
İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȠȪȞIJĮȚ İȐȞ Ƞ ȠȢ țĮȚ Ƞ ȠȢ įĮțIJȪȜȚȠȢ İʌȑțIJĮıȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ
İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȠȚ
ȂİIJȠȠıȪȞIJȠȝȠʌȐIJȘȝĮıIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠİʌȑțIJĮıȘȢĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚȠ
ȠȢțĮȚȠȠȢįĮțIJȪȜȚȠȢİʌȑțIJĮıȘȢ
ǹțȠȪȖİIJĮȚȑȞĮȢıȪȞIJȠȝȠȢȒȤȠȢȝʌȚʌıİțȐșİʌȐIJȘȝĮIJȠȣʌȜȒțIJȡȠȣ
İʌȑțIJĮıȘȢ
ǻȚʌȜȑȢȉȡȚʌȜȑȢȗȫȞİȢ
ȁİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȖȑijȣȡĮȢ
ǾȖȑijȣȡĮȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘșİȓȝȩȞȠȩIJĮȞțĮȚȠȚįȪȠșİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡİȢ
İȓȞĮȚĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȠȚǵIJĮȞȑȤİȚİʌȚȜİȖİȓȑȞĮȢșİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡĮȢIJȘȢ
ȖȑijȣȡĮȢ ȖȚĮ ȞĮ İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘșİȓ Ș ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ ȖȑijȣȡĮȢ ĮȖȖȓȟIJİ IJȠ
ʌȜȒțIJȡȠȖȑijȣȡĮȢ
ǹțȠȪȖİIJĮȚȑȞĮȢȒȤȠȢȝʌȚʌțĮȚIJȠ/('IJȘȢȗȫȞȘȢİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚİȐȞȘ
ȗȫȞȘİȓȞĮȚİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȘ
ȀĮȚȠȚįȪȠșİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡİȢIJȘȢȖȑijȣȡĮȢİʌȚȜȑȖȠȞIJĮȚIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮ
ȂȩȜȚȢİʌȚȜİȖȠȪȞȠȚșİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡİȢİȐȞIJȠİʌȓʌİįȠȚıȤȪȠȢįİȞİȓȞĮȚIJȠ
İʌȚșȣȝȘIJȩȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮ
ȀĮȚ ȠȚ įȪȠ ȠșȩȞİȢ șİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡȦȞ IJȘȢ ȖȑijȣȡĮȢ İȝijĮȞȓȗȠȣȞ IJȠ ȓįȚȠ
İʌȓʌİįȠȚıȤȪȠȢǾȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJİȡȝĮIJȓȗİIJĮȚ
ǼȐȞIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȖȑijȣȡĮȢĮȖȖȚȤșİȓıIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȡȪșȝȚıȘȢ
ǼȐȞȠȤȡȒıIJȘȢİʌȚȜȑȟİȚİʌȓʌİįȠȚıȤȪȠȢ
ǹıijȐȜİȚĮȣʌİȡȤİȓȜȚıȘȢ
ȀȐIJȚĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞȠȒȣȖȡȩʌȚȑȗİȚțȐʌȠȚȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠȖȚĮʌİȡȚııȩIJİȡȠĮʌȩ
įİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮǹțȠȪȖȠȞIJĮȚıȪȞIJȠȝȠȚȒȤȠȚȝʌȚʌʌĮȡĮIJİIJĮȝȑȞȠȢ
ȒȤȠȢȝʌȚʌțȐșİįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮİȞȫʌĮIJȐIJİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠǾİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢșĮĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘșİȓǹȣIJȩIJȠıȪȝȕȠȜȠșĮıȣȞİȤȓıİȚ
ȞĮĮȞĮȕȠıȕȒȞİȚİȞȫIJȠȗȒIJȘȝĮʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚ
ȋȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȢ
Ǿ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ İȓȞĮȚ įȣȞĮIJȩ ȞĮ İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘșİȓ ȝİ IJȠ
ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠIJȠȣȒĮȖȖȓȗȠȞIJĮȢIJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮIJĮʌȜȒțIJȡĮțĮȚ
ȀĮȚıIJȚȢįȪȠʌİȡȚʌIJȫıİȚȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİʌȚȜİȖİȓȑȞĮȢșİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡĮȢțĮȚIJȠ
İʌȓʌİįȠȚıȤȪȠȢIJȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠĮʌȩ
ǼʌȚȜȑȟIJİIJȘȗȫȞȘʌȠȣʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮȤȡȠȞȠʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıIJİȓǼʌȓʌİįȠ
ȚıȤȪȠȢIJȘȢȗȫȞȘȢȝİȖĮȜȪIJİȡȠĮʌȩǾıIJĮIJȚțȒȑȞįİȚȟȘİȝijĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚ
ıIJȘ ȤȡȠȞȠʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȑȞȘ ȗȫȞȘ ıIJĮ ȥȘijȓĮ ʌȠȣ
ʌȡȠȠȡȓȗȠȞIJĮȚȖȚĮIJȠȞȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ
ȅ ȤȡȩȞȠȢ IJȠȣ ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ İȓȞĮȚ įȣȞĮIJȩ ȞĮ İʌȚȜİȖİȓ ȝİ IJĮ
ʌȜȒțIJȡĮȒǻİȞĮțȠȪȖȠȞIJĮȚȒȤȠȚȝʌȚʌțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮȜȜĮȖȒIJȠȣ
ȤȡȩȞȠȣ
ȆĮIJȫȞIJĮȢ IJĮȣIJȩȤȡȠȞĮ IJĮ ʌȜȒțIJȡĮ IJȠȣ ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȠ
ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȢĮțȣȡȫȞİIJĮȚIJȓșİIJĮȚıIJȠ
ǼȐȞ IJĮ ʌȜȒțIJȡĮ Ȓ IJȠȣ ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ įȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚ
ʌĮIJȘȝȑȞĮ țĮIJȐ IJȘ įȚȐȡțİȚĮ IJȠȣ ȤȡȩȞȠȣ ʌȠȣ ʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚ ȞĮ
ʌȡȠıįȚȠȡȚıIJİȓİʌȚIJȣȖȤȐȞİIJĮȚȖȡȒȖȠȡȘȡȪșȝȚıȘ
ȀĮIJȐIJȘȡȪșȝȚıȘIJȠȣȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȘȝİIJȐȕĮıȘĮʌȩIJȠȑȦȢ
IJȠİȓȞĮȚįȣȞĮIJȒȝİIJȠʌȜȒțIJȡȠțĮȚĮʌȩIJȠȑȦȢIJȠȝİIJȠ
ʌȜȒțIJȡȠ
ȂȑȖȚıIJȠȢȤȡȩȞȠȢȜİʌIJȐ
ǵIJĮȞ ȑȤİȚ ʌĮȡȑȜșİȚ Ƞ ȤȡȩȞȠȢ țĮȚ Ș İıIJȓĮ ıȕȒȞİȚ ʌȚȑȗȠȞIJĮȢ
ȠʌȠȚȠįȒʌȠIJİ ʌȜȒțIJȡȠ Ș ĮțȠȜȠȣșȓĮ ıȣȞĮȖİȡȝȫȞ țĮȚ ȥȘijȓȦȞ
IJİȡȝĮIJȓȗİIJĮȚ
ȅȤȡȩȞȠȢIJȠȣȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘİȓȞĮȚįȣȞĮIJȩȞĮȡȣșȝȚıIJİȓİȞȫȠ
ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘȢİȓȞĮȚȒįȘıİȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ
Ǿ ȚıȤȪȢIJȘȢ ȤȡȠȞȠʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȑȞȘȢȗȫȞȘȢ İȓȞĮȚ įȣȞĮIJȩȞĮ
IJȡȠʌȠʌȠȚȘșİȓ ȤȦȡȓȢ ıȣȞȑʌİȚİȢ ıIJȠȞ ʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȩ IJȠȣ
ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ
ȉȠIJİȜİȣIJĮȓȠȜİʌIJȩİȝijĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚıİįİȣIJİȡȩȜİʌIJĮȈIJȚȢįȚȐijȠȡİȢ
ʌĮȡĮȜȜĮȖȑȢİȓȞĮȚȠȡĮIJȒȝȩȞȠİȚıȐȖȠȞIJĮȢIJȠȞʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȩIJȠȣ
ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘțĮIJȐIJȠIJİȜİȣIJĮȓȠȜİʌIJȩIJȘȢĮȞIJȓıIJȡȠijȘȢȝȑIJȡȘıȘȢ
ȆĮIJȫȞIJĮȢ IJȠ ʌȜȒțIJȡȠ IJȠȣ ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ ȤȦȡȓȢ țȐʌȠȚĮ
İʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞȘ ȗȫȞȘ țĮȚ ȩIJĮȞ įİȞ ȣʌȐȡȤİȚ ȤȡȠȞȠʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȑȞȘ
ȗȫȞȘįİȞıȣȝȕĮȓȞİȚIJȓʌȠIJĮ
ȆĮIJȫȞIJĮȢ IJȠ ʌȜȒțIJȡȠ IJȠȣ ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ ȤȦȡȓȢ țȐʌȠȚĮ
İʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞȘȗȫȞȘțĮȚȩIJĮȞʌȠȜȜȑȢȗȫȞİȢİȓȞĮȚ
ȤȡȠȞȠʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȑȞİȢ Ƞ ȤȡȩȞȠȢ ʌȠȣ İȝijĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚ ıIJĮ ȥȘijȓĮ
ȤȡȩȞȠȣ ĮȜȜȐȗİȚ ȝİ ʌİȡȚıIJȡȠijȚțȩ IJȡȩʌȠ țĮȚ įİȓȤȞİȚ IJȘȞ ȫȡĮ IJȠȣ
ȠʌȠȓȠȣȘȑȞįİȚȟȘȚıȤȪȠȢȑȤİȚIJȠįİțĮįȚțȩıȘȝİȓȠİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȠ
ǼȞĮȜȜĮțIJȚțȐ Ș ȚıȤȪȢ V țĮȚ V İȝijĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚ ıIJȘ
ȤȡȠȞȠʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮIJȚıȝȑȞȘȗȫȞȘ
ȅȣʌȠȜİȚʌȩȝİȞȠȢȤȡȩȞȠȢİȝijĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚıIJĮȥȘijȓĮʌȠȣʌȡȠȠȡȓȗȠȞIJĮȚ
ȖȚĮ IJȠȞ ȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJȘ ǼȐȞ İȓȞĮȚ ȤȡȠȞȠʌȡȠȖȡĮȝȝĮıȝȑȞİȢ
ʌȠȜȜĮʌȜȑȢȗȫȞİȢİȝijĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚȠȝȚțȡȩIJİȡȠȢȤȡȩȞȠȢʌȠȣĮʌȠȝȑȞİȚțĮȚ
IJȠįİțĮįȚțȩıȘȝİȓȠİȝijĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚıIJȘȞĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤȘȗȫȞȘ
DzȞįİȚȟȘȣʌȠȜİȚʌȩȝİȞȘȢșİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮȢ
ıİșİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡİȢĮțIJȚȞȠȕȠȜȓĮȢ!ȣʌȠȜȠȖȚıȝȑȞȘ
ȅȚȓįȚİȢİȞįİȓȟİȚȢİȓȞĮȚįȣȞĮIJȩȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșȠȪȞțĮȚȖȚĮIJȘȞȑȞįİȚȟȘ
ȣʌȠȜİȚʌȩȝİȞȘȢ șİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮȢ īȚĮ IJȠȞ ıțȠʌȩ ĮȣIJȩ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ
țĮșȠȡȚıIJİȓ ȑȞĮ ȤȡȠȞȠįȚȐȖȡĮȝȝĮ ȋȡȩȞȠȢ ȣʌȠȜİȚʌȩȝİȞȘȢ
șİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮȢ IİʌȓʌİįȠȚıȤȪȠȢȤȡȩȞȠȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
ǵIJĮȞȘșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌȐȞȦıIJȘȖȣȐȜȚȞȘİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢİȓȞĮȚ
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ʌȐȞȦĮʌȩ &șİȦȡȘIJȚțȒIJȚȝȒıIJȘıȤİIJȚțȒȠșȩȞȘİȝijĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚȘ
ȑȞįİȚȟȘ+
R
īȚĮȞĮįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖȘșİȓșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮʌȐȞȦĮʌȩ &ȑȞĮșİȡȝĮȞIJȚțȩ
ıIJȠȚȤİȓȠʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖİȓȖȚĮȠȡȚıȝȑȞȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮǹȣIJȩȢ
Ƞ ȤȡȩȞȠȢ İȟĮȡIJȐIJĮȚ ĮʌȩIJȠ İʌȓʌİįȠ ȚıȤȪȠȢ ȂȩȜȚȢȜȒȟİȚ ĮȣIJȩȢ Ƞ
ȤȡȩȞȠȢ İȝijĮȞȓȗİIJĮȚȘ ʌȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȓȘıȘȣʌȠȜİȚʌȩȝİȞȘȢșİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮȢ
ȩIJĮȞIJȠșİȡȝĮȞIJȚțȩıIJȠȚȤİȓȠİȓȞĮȚĮʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȠ
ǹʌİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘĮȣIJȩȝĮIJȘȢĮıijȐȜİȚĮȢ
ǼȐȞ IJȠ İʌȓʌİįȠ ȚıȤȪȠȢ įİȞ ĮȜȜȐȟİȚ țĮIJȐ IJȘ įȚȐȡțİȚĮ İȞȩȢ
ʌȡȠțĮșȠȡȚıȝȑȞȠȣ ȤȡȩȞȠȣ Ƞ ĮȞIJȓıIJȠȚȤȠȢ șİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡĮȢ ıȕȒȞİȚ
ĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮ
ȅ ȝȑȖȚıIJȠȢ ȤȡȩȞȠȢ ʌȠȣ ȝʌȠȡİȓ ȞĮ ʌĮȡĮȝİȓȞİȚ ȑȞĮȢ șİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡĮȢ
İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȘȝȑȞȠȢ İȟĮȡIJȐIJĮȚ Įʌȩ IJȠ İʌȚȜİȖȝȑȞȠ İʌȓʌİįȠ
ȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ
ǼʌȓʌİįȠ
ȚıȤȪȠȢ
ȂȑȖȤȡȩȞȠȢ
İȞİȡȖȠʌȠȓȘıȘȢȫȡİȢ
3
ȈǾȂǼǿȍȈǾ İȞȫ Ș țĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ ȣʌİȡșȑȡȝĮȞıȘȢ șĮ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ
ıȣȝȕĮȓȞİȚ țĮIJȐ IJȘ ȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮ ıIJĮ ȣȥȘȜȩIJİȡĮ İʌȓʌİįĮ ȚıȤȪȠȢ Ƞ
ȡȣșȝȚıIJȒȢ IJȘȢ İıIJȓĮȢ ȡȣșȝȓȗİȚ ĮȣIJȩȝĮIJĮ IJȠ İʌȓʌİįȠ ȚıȤȪȠȢ ȖȚĮ
ʌȡȠıIJĮıȓĮIJȘȢİıIJȓĮȢĮʌȩȣʌİȡșȑȡȝĮȞıȘ
ȀǹĬǹȇǿȈȂǵȈȀǹǿȈȊȃȉdzȇǾȈǾ
ȆȡȚȞĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİȡȖĮıȓĮıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢıIJȘȞİıIJȓĮĮijȒıIJİIJȘȞ
ȞĮțȡȣȫıİȚ
ĬĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȠȪȞIJĮȚȝȩȞȠʌȡȠȧȩȞIJĮțȡȑȝİȢțĮȚȟȑıIJȡĮ
İȚįȚțȐıȤİįȚĮıȝȑȞĮȖȚĮȖȣȐȜȚȞİȢțİȡĮȝȚțȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢȂʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮIJĮ
ȕȡİȓIJİıİİȝʌȠȡȚțȐțĮIJĮıIJȒȝĮIJĮ
ȃĮĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚȠįȚĮıțȠȡʌȚıȝȩȢȣȖȡȫȞțĮșȫȢȠIJȚįȒʌȠIJİʌȑijIJİȚ
İʌȐȞȦıIJȘȞİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮIJȘȢİıIJȓĮȢțĮȓȖİIJĮȚȖȡȒȖȠȡĮțĮȚțĮșȚıIJȐʌȚȠ
įȪıțȠȜȠIJȠȞțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩ
ȀĮȜȩİȓȞĮȚ ȞĮțȡĮIJȐIJİȝĮțȡȚȐ ĮʌȩIJȘȞİıIJȓĮ ȩȜİȢ IJȚȢȠȣıȓİȢʌȠȣ
ȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȜȚȫıȠȣȞȩʌȦȢʌȜĮıIJȚțȐĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞĮȗȐȤĮȡȘȒʌȡȠȧȩȞIJĮ
ȝİȕȐıȘIJȘȗȐȤĮȡȘ
ȈȊȃȉǾȇǾȈǾ
ȇȓȟIJİȝİȡȚțȑȢıIJĮȖȩȞİȢIJȠȣİȚįȚțȠȪțĮșĮȡȚıIJȚțȠȪʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢİʌȐȞȦ
ıIJȘȞİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮIJȘȢİıIJȓĮȢ
ȉȡȓȥIJİ IJȣȤȩȞ İʌȓȝȠȞȠȣȢ ȜİțȑįİȢ ȝİ ȑȞĮ ȝĮȜĮțȩ ʌĮȞȓ Ȓȝİ ȑȞĮ
İȜĮijȡȐȞȠIJȚıȝȑȞȠȤĮȡIJȓțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢ
ȈțȠȣʌȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓȒȝİıIJİȖȞȩȤĮȡIJȓțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢȝȑȤȡȚȞĮ
țĮșĮȡȓıİȚȘİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ǼȐȞȣʌȐȡȤȠȣȞĮțȩȝĮțȐʌȠȚȠȚİʌȓȝȠȞȠȚȜİțȑįİȢ
ȇȓȟIJİȝİȡȚțȑȢĮțȩȝĮıIJĮȖȩȞİȢIJȠȣİȚįȚțȠȪțĮșĮȡȚıIJȚțȠȪʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢ
İʌȐȞȦıIJȘȞİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ȄȪıIJİȝİȑȞĮȟȑıIJȡȠțȡĮIJȫȞIJĮȢIJȠȣʌȩȖȦȞȓĮȦȢʌȡȠȢIJȘȞ
*5
0D[L
ȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİ ĮȜȜĮȖȒ ıIJȠȞ ȤȡȦȝĮIJȚıȝȩ IJȘȢ ȖȣȐȜȚȞȘȢ
țİȡĮȝȚțȒȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮȢįİȞİʌȘȡİȐȗİȚIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȘȢȒIJȘ
ıIJĮșİȡȩIJȘIJĮIJȘȢ İʌȚijȐȞİȚĮȢ ȉȑIJȠȚȠȚĮʌȠȤȡȦȝĮIJȚıȝȠȓ İȓȞĮȚ
țȣȡȓȦȢ ĮʌȠIJȑȜİıȝĮ ȣʌȠȜİȚȝȝȐIJȦȞ țĮȝȝȑȞȦȞ IJȡȠijȫȞ Ȓ
ȤȡȒıȘȢ ȝĮȖİȚȡȚțȫȞ ıțİȣȫȞ țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıȝȑȞȦȞ Įʌȩ ȣȜȚțȐ
ȩʌȦȢĮȜȠȣȝȓȞȚȠȒȤĮȜțȩȢǹȣIJȠȓȠȚȜİțȑįİȢİȓȞĮȚįȪıțȠȜȠȞĮ
ĮijĮȚȡİșȠȪȞ
İıIJȓĮȝȑȤȡȚȞĮİȟĮijĮȞȚıIJȠȪȞȠȚȜİțȑįİȢ
ȈțȠȣʌȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓȒȝİıIJİȖȞȩȤĮȡIJȓțȠȣȗȓȞĮȢȝȑȤȡȚȞĮ
țĮșĮȡȓıİȚȘİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ǼʌĮȞĮȜȐȕİIJİIJȘįȚĮįȚțĮıȓĮİȐȞȤȡİȚȐȗİIJĮȚ
ȂǼȇǿȀǼȈȈȊȂǺȅȊȁǼȈ
ȅıȣȤȞȩȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢĮijȒȞİȚȑȞĮʌȡȠıIJĮIJİȣIJȚțȩıIJȡȫȝĮIJȠȠʌȠȓȠ
İȓȞĮȚ ȕĮıȚțȩ ȖȚĮ IJȘȞ ʌȡȩȜȘȥȘ IJȦȞ ȖȡĮIJıȠȣȞȚȫȞ țĮȚ IJȘȢ ijșȠȡȐȢ
ȈȚȖȠȣȡİȣIJİȓIJİȩIJȚȘİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮİȓȞĮȚțĮșĮȡȒʌȡȚȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİțĮȚ
ʌȐȜȚIJȘȞİıIJȓĮīȚĮȞĮĮijĮȚȡȑıIJİıȘȝȐįȚĮʌȠȣȑȤȠȣȞȝİȓȞİȚĮʌȩȞİȡȩ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȝİȡȚțȑȢıIJĮȖȩȞİȢĮʌȩȐıʌȡȠȟȪįȚȒȤȣȝȩȜİȝȠȞȚȠȪ
ȂİIJȐıțȠȣʌȓıIJİȝİȑȞĮĮʌȠȡȡȠijȘIJȚțȩȤĮȡIJȓțĮȚȝİȝİȡȚțȑȢıIJĮȖȩȞİȢ
İȚįȚțȠȪțĮșĮȡȚıIJȚțȠȪȣȖȡȠȪ
ǾȖȣȐȜȚȞȘțİȡĮȝȚțȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮșĮĮȞIJȑȟİȚIJȠȟȪıȚȝȠĮʌȩȝĮȖİȚȡȚțȐ
ıțİȪȘ ȝİ İʌȓʌİįȘ ȕȐıȘ ȦıIJȩıȠ İȓȞĮȚ ʌȐȞIJĮ țĮȜȪIJİȡĮ ȞĮ IJĮ
ıȘțȫȞİIJİȩIJĮȞIJĮȝİIJĮțȚȞİȓIJİĮʌȩȝȓĮȗȫȞȘıİȝȓĮȐȜȜȘ
ȈǾȂ
ȂȘȞ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ ȑȞĮ ıijȠȣȖȖȐȡȚ IJȠ ȠʌȠȓȠ İȓȞĮȚ ʌȠȜȪ
ȕȡİȖȝȑȞȠ
ȆȠIJȑȝȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİȝĮȤĮȓȡȚȒțĮIJıĮȕȓįȚ
DzȞĮȟȑıIJȡȠȝİȟȣȡȐijȚįİȞșĮʌȡȠțĮȜȑıİȚȗȘȝȚȐıIJȘȞİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
İijȩıȠȞțȡĮIJȚȑIJĮȚȣʌȩȖȦȞȓĮ
ȆȠIJȑȝȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİȑȞĮȟȑıIJȡȠȝİȟȣȡȐijȚıİȝȑȡȠȢʌȡȠıȕȐıȚȝȠ
ĮʌȩʌĮȚįȚȐ
ȆȠIJȑ ȝȘȞ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİ ȜİȚĮȞIJȚțȐ ʌȡȠȧȩȞIJĮ Ȓ ʌȠȪįȡİȢ
țĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪȝİIJȡȓȥȚȝȠ
ȂİIJĮȜȜȚțȩʌİȡȓȕȜȘȝĮȖȚĮȞĮțĮșĮȡȓıİIJİȝİĮıijȐȜİȚĮIJȠȝİIJĮȜȜȚțȩ
ʌİȡȓȕȜȘȝĮʌȜȪȞİIJȑIJȠȝİıĮʌȠȪȞȚțĮȚȞİȡȩȟİʌȜȪȞİIJȑIJȠțĮȚȝİIJȐ
ıIJİȖȞȫıIJİIJȠȝİȑȞĮȝĮȜĮțȩʌĮȞȓ
ǼȆǿȁȊȈǾȆȇȅǺȁǾȂǹȉȍȃ
ȅȚ ȗȫȞİȢ ȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢ įİȞ ıȚȖȠȕȡȐȗȠȣȞ Ȓ IJȘȖĮȞȓȗȠȣȞ ȝȩȞȠ
İȜĮijȡȐ
ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİȝȩȞȠıțİȪȘȝİİʌȓʌİįȘȕȐıȘǼȐȞȣʌȐȡȤİȚȠȡĮIJȩ
ijȦȢȝİIJĮȟȪIJȠȣıțİȪȠȣȢ țĮȚIJȘȢİıIJȓĮȢ ȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢȘȗȫȞȘįİȞ
ȝİIJĮįȓįİȚıȦıIJȐIJȘșİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮ
ǾȕȐıȘIJȠȣıțİȪȠȣȢșĮʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțĮȜȪʌIJİȚʌȜȒȡȦȢIJȘįȚȐȝİIJȡȠIJȘȢ
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ȉȠȝĮȖİȓȡİȝĮİȓȞĮȚʌȠȜȪĮȡȖȩ
DzȤȠȣȞ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓ ĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜĮ ıțİȪȘ ȋȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİ ȝȩȞȠ
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ȈijȐȜȝĮʌȜȘțIJȡȠȜȠȖȓȠȣĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢ
ȀȐʌȠȚȠȢȠįȘȖȩȢȡİȜȑİȞįȑȤİIJĮȚȞĮʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚțȐʌȠȚȠʌȡȩȕȜȘȝĮǹʌȠıȣȞįȑıIJİIJȘȞİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮȝĮȖİȚȡȑȝĮIJȠȢĮʌȩ
IJȘȞIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȚıȤȪȠȢʌİȡȚȝȑȞİIJİȑȞĮȜİʌIJȩțĮȚİʌĮȞİȞİȡȖȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘȞǼȐȞIJȠıijȐȜȝĮʌĮȡĮȝȑȞİȚțĮȜȑıIJİıIJȘȞ
ȣʌȘȡİıȓĮȝİIJĮȖȠȡĮıIJȚțȒȢİȟȣʌȘȡȑIJȘıȘȢ
ȈijȐȜȝĮĮıijĮȜİȓĮȢȡİȜȑ
ǺȜȐȕȘ
ǼȞȑȡȖİȚĮ
ȅșȩȞȘ
șİȡȝĮȞIJȒȡĮ
ȅĮȚıșȘIJȒȡĮȢșİȡȝȠțȡĮıȓĮȢĮijȒȢ
İȞįȑȤİIJĮȚȞĮȑȤİȚȣʌȠıIJİȓȕȜȐȕȘ
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ΎλϧΔόοΑ
ϝϛΗϟϭεϭΩΧϟϥϣΩϗϭϣϟΔϳΎϣΣϟΔϳέϭέοΔϳΎϣΣΔϘΑρέϳϓϭΗϲϓέέϛΗϣϟϑϳυϧΗϟΩϋΎ˰˰˰˰˰γϳ
ϩΎϳϣϟΎϬϛέΗΗϲΗϟΕΎϣϼόϟΔϟίϹϪϣΩΧΗ˰˰˰γΓΩϭΎόϣϝΑϗΩϗϭϣϟρ˰˰γΔϓΎυϧϥϣΩϛ΄ΗϟϲϐΑϧϳ
ΔργϭΑρ˰γϟ˰γϣϡΛϥϭϣϳϠϟέϳ˰λϋϭνϳΑϷϝΧϟϥϣρΎϘϧΔόοΑϡΩΧΗγˬργϟϝϋ
ιλΧΗϣϟϑϳυϧΗϟϝΎγϥϣϝϳϠϘϟϭΔϳϗέϭϟϑηΎϧϣϟ
ϲϧϭΩϋϭϗΎϬϳϓΏΑ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰γΗΗΩϗϲΗϟεϭΩΧϟΔϣϭΎϘϣϰϠϋϪΗέΩϘΑϲΟΎΟίϟϑίΧϟργίϳϣΗϳ
ϯέΧϰϟ·ΔϠόηϥϣϡϬϠϘϧΩϧϋΔϳΎϧϋϭιέΣΑϡϬόϓέϝοϓϷϥϣϪϧϻ·ˬϲϬρϟ
ΔϣΎϫΕΎυΣϼϣ
ΓΩηΑϝϠΑϣΞϧϔγϡΩΧΗγέυΣϳ
ϙϔϣϟϭϥϳϛγϟϡΩΧΗγΎϳΎϬϧέυΣϳ
˱
˼˹ΔϳϭίϰϠϋΕυϓΎΣΎϣϟΎρˬργϟϑϼΗ·ϲϓΓΩΎΣϟΕέϔηϟΕΫρηΎϛϣϟΏΑγΗΗϥϟ
ΎϬϣΩΧΗγΩϧϋΔΟέΩ
ϝΎϔρϷϝϭΎϧΗϣϲϓΓΩΎΣΓέϔηΑΔρηϛϣΔϳϙέΗΏϧΟΗ
ϑϳυϧΗϟϕϳΣΎγϣϭΔϛΎΣΕΎΟΗϧϣϱϡΩΧΗγέυΣϳ
ˬϥϭΑΎλϟϭ˯ΎϣϟϡΩΧΗγΎΑλϧϧˬϲϧΩόϣϟϝϛϳϬϠϟϥϣϵϑϳυϧΗϟϥΎϣοϟϲϧΩόϣϟϝϛϳϬϟ
˱
ΔϣϋΎϧεΎϣϗΔόρϘΑϪϔϳϔΟΗϡϗΩϳΟϪϔρηϡΛ
ΔϧΎΗϣϭϝϣϋΓ˯ΎϔϛϰϠϋϲΟΎΟίϟϙϳϣέϳ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰γϟργϥϭϟϲϓέϳϐΗϱέΛ΅ϳϥϟ
ϲϧϭϡΩΧΗγϭϡΎόρϟΎϳΎϘΑϕέΗΣϻΔΟϳΗϧΎΑϟΎϏΫϫϥϭϠϟέϳϐΗΙΩΣϳρ˰˰˰˰˰γϟ
˱
ϙϠΗΔϟί·Ώό˰˰˰˰˰λϳϭ˭αΎΣϧϟϭϡϭϳϧϣϭϟϷΎϛΩϭϣϟνόΑϥϣΔϋϭϧ˰˰˰˰λϣϟϲϬρϟ
ϊϘΑϟ
ΕϼϛηϣϟϝΣ
ΔΩΎϫϕϓέΑϯϭγϝϣόΗϻϭϡΎόρϟϲϠϏϲϓϲϬρϟΕϼόηΟϧΗϻ
ϲϬρϟ˯Ύϧ·ϥϳΑ˯ϭοϟΔϳ΅έϙϧΎϛϣΈΑϥΎϛΫΈϓΓΩϋΎϘϟΔΣργϣϲϧϭϷϯϭγϡΩΧΗγΗϻ
ΔΣϳΣλΓέϭλΑΓέέΣϟϝϘϧΗϻΔϠόηϟϥϲϧόϳΫϬϓˬΩϗϭϣϟϭ
ϝϣΎϛϟΎΑΔϣΩΧΗγϣϟΔϠόηϟέρϗϲρϐΗϭΎϣ
˱
ΎϣΗϲϬρϟ˯Ύϧ·ΓΩϋΎϗέϘΗγΗϥϲϐΑϧϳΙϳΣ
ΔϳΎϐϠϟ˯ϲρΑϲϬρϟ
ϥϰϠϋˬΓΩϋΎϘϟΔΣργϣϲϬρϲϧϭϯϭγϡΩΧΗγΗϻΔΑγΎϧϣέϳϏϲϬρϲϧϭϡΩΧΗγ
ϲϬρϟΔϠόηέρϗˬϝϗϷϰϠϋˬϕΑΎρϳέρϘΑϭΔϛϳϣγϥϭϛΗ
ΩϗϭϣϠϟϲΟΎΟίϟργϟϰϠϋΓέϳϐλΕϼϛΗϭεϭΩΧϙΎϧϫ
ΩϭΟϭϝϣΗΣϳϭ˭ΓΩϋΎϘϟΔϧηΧϲϬρϲϧϭϡΩΧΗγϭϳΣλέϳϏϑϳυϧΗΏϭϠγωΎΑΗ
˭ϑϳυϧΗϟϡγϗϊΟέΩϗϭϣϟργϭϲϬρϟ˯Ύϧ·ΓΩϋΎϗϥϳΑϠϣϟϭϝΎϣέϟΕέΫνόΑ
ΓΩϋΎϘϟΕΫϲϧϭϷϯϭγϡΩΧΗγΗϻϭˬΎϬϣΩΧΗγϝΑϗϲϧϭϷΩϋϭϗΔϓΎυϧϥϣΩϛ΄Ηϭ
ΔΣϳΣλϟϑϳυϧΗϟΔϘϳέρωΎΑΗΎΑϻ·εϭΩΧϟΓΩΣϑϳϔΧΗϥϛϣϳϻΔϣϋΎϧϟΔΣργϣϟ
ΔϳϧΩόϣΕΎϣϼϋ
ΕΎϳλϭΗϊΟέΩϗϭϣϟργϰϠϋϡϭϳϧϣϭϟϷϥϣΔϋϭϧλϣϟϲϬρϟϲϧϭΏΣγΗϻ
ϑϳυϧΗϟΕΩΎηέ·ϭ
ΕΫΔρηϛϣϡΩΧΗγΎϳΎϘΑϟϭϊϘΑϟνόΑϙΎϧϫϝίΗϻϥϛϟˬΔΣϳΣλϟΩϭϣϟΕϣΩΧΗγ
ϑϳυϧΗϟϡγϗϲϓΓΩέϭϟΕΎϣϳϠόΗϟϊΑΗϭˬΓΩΎΣΓέϔη
ΔϧϛΩϊϘΑ
ϑϳυϧΗϟϡγϗϲϓΓΩέϭϟΕΎϣϳϠόΗϟϊΑΗϭˬΓΩΎΣΓέϔηΕΫΔρηϛϣϡΩΧΗγ
ΩϗϭϣϟϰϠϋϥϭϠϟΔΣΗΎϓργ
Ώγϭέϰϟ·ΔϓΎοϹΎΑˬαΎΣϧϟϭϡϭϳϧϣϭϟϷϥϣΔϋϭϧλϣϟϲϬρϟϲϧϭϥϣΕΎϣϼϋϲϫ
ϑϳυϧΗϟϡϳέϛϡΩΧΗγΎΑΔϟί·ϙϧϛϣϳ˭ϡΎόρϟϭ˯Ύϣϟ
ΩϗϭϣϟργϰϠϋΔΑΫΔϳϛϳΗγϼΑΎϳΎϘΑΩϭΟϭϭΔϠϣέϛϟ
ϑϳυϧΗϟϡγϗϊΟέ
ΕϼόηϟνόΑϪΑϝϣόΗϻϭϝϣόϳϻΩϗϭϣϟ
ϝϳλϭΗϟΔΣϭϟϰϠϋΔΣϳΣλΓέϭλΑΔρϭΑοϣέϳϏϊϳέϔΗϟΕΩΣϭϥϭϛΗΩϗ
Ωϗϭϣϟϝϔϗ˯Ύϐϟ·ϡϛΣΗϟΔΣϭϟϝϔϗϭΕϼϳλϭΗϟΔΣλϥϣϕϘΣΗ
ϝϣόϟϥϋΩϗϭϣϟϑϗϭΗϳϻ
Ωϗϭϣϟϝϔϗ˯Ύϐϟ·ϡϛΣΗϟΔΣϭϟϝϔϗ
ϲϬρϟΕϼόηϟϑΎϘϳϹϝϳϐηΗϟΕΎϳϠϣϋέέϛΗϝΩόϣ
ΏϭϠρϣϟΓέέΣϟϯϭΗγϣϟΎό
˱
ΑΗϑΎϘϳϹϝϳϐηΗϟΓέϭΩέϳϐΗΗ
ˬΓέϳλϗϝϣϋΓέΗϓνϔΧϧϣϭΗγϣ
ΔϠϳϭρϝϣϋΓέΗϓϊϔΗέϣϭΗγϣ
ΩϣόϳϻΩϗϭϣϟργ
ϥϣϲϧΎόΗΕϧΎϛΫ·ΎϣϣΩϛ΄ΗϭϙόϗϭϣϲϓΓέΩϟΕΎόρΎϗέϬλϧϣϟΔϟΎΣϥϣϕϘΣΗ
ΔϗΎρϟϲϓωΎρϘϧ
Ϫγϔϧ˯ΎϘϠΗϥϣϝϣόϟϥϋΩϗϭϣϟργϑϗϭΗ
ΎϣΎϣ
˱
γΟϙΎϧϫϥϭˬ΄ρΧϟϕϳέρϥϋϑΎϘϳϹϝϳϐηΗϟέίϲγϳέϟΡΎΗϔϣϟαϣϟϡΗ
ϰϠϋϡγΟϱΩϭΟϭϡΩϋϥϣΩϛ΄ΗϭϯέΧΓέϣίΎϬΟϟϝϳϐηΗΩϋέίϱϲϠϋρϐοϳ
ϙΗΩΩϋ·ϝΎΧΩ·ΩϋϳΗΎϔϣϟΔΣϭϟ
ϡΎϗέϭ'ϑέΣϟνέϋ
ϊΑΗϝρϋΩϭΟϭϟίΎϬΟϟϑΎηΗϛϲϧόϳΫϬϓˬϡΎϗέϪόϣϭ'ϑέΣϟΔηΎηϟΕοέϋΫ·
ΔϠϛηϣϟϝΣϲϓϙΗΩϋΎγϣϟϲϟΎΗϟϝϭΩΟϟϲϓΓέϭϛΫϣϟΕϭρΧϟϭΕ˯έΟϹ
ΔϘΣϼϟΔϳΎϧόϟ
ϲϠϳΎϣϣϕϘΣΗϟϰΟέϳˬΔϣΩΧϟαΩϧϬϣΑϝΎλΗϻϝΑϗ
˷ ˵
˭έϬλϧϣϟΩϭΟϭϭΔΣϳΣλΓέϭλΑαΑΎϘϟϝϳλϭΗ²
ϡΛ²ϪΑΙΑόϟϝϭΎΣΗϻϭ²ϝϣόϟϥϋίΎϬΟϟϑΎϘϳ·ϙϳϠϋˬϝρόϟϑ˰˰˰˰˰ηΗϛϥϣϥϛϣΗΗϡϟΫ·
Ρϼλ·ϙϟϥϣ˰˰οΗϥΎϣοΓΩΎϬηϪόϣϭίΎϬΟϟΩϳέϭΗϡΗϳΔϘΣϼϟΔϳΎϧόϟΕΎϣΩΧίϛέϣΑϝ˰λΗ
˱
ΔϣΩΧϟίϛέϣϲϓΎϧΎΟϣίΎϬΟϟ
ϥΎΧγϟΔηΎη
ϝρόϟ
˯έΟϹ
αϣϠϟΎΑϡϛΣΗϟΕΎϳΟϣέΑϲϓ΄ρΧ
ˬΔϳΎϐϠϟΔϧΧΎγαϣϠϟΎΑϡϛΣΗϟΔϘρϧϣΕΣΑλ
ϝϣόϟϥϋΕΎϧΎΧγϟϊϳϣΟϑΎϘϳ·ϡΗΫϟ
ΓέέΣΔΟέΩέόηΗγϣΑϑϠΗΩϭΟϭϝϣΗΣϳ
αϣϠϟΎΑϡϛΣΗϟΔΣϭϟ
ΓέέΣΔΟέΩέόηΗγϣΑϑϠΗΩϭΟϭϝϣΗΣϳ
αϣϠϟΎΑϡϛΣΗϟΔΣϭϟ
ϳΗΎϔϣϟΩΣϷΔρέϔϣϟΔϳγΎγΣϟ
ϳΗΎϔϣϟΔΣϭϠΑιΎΧϥΎϣ΄ρΧ
ϳΗΎϔϣϟΔΣϭϠΑιΎΧϥΎϣ΄ρΧ
ϳΗΎϔϣϟΔΣϭϠΑιΎΧϥΎϣ΄ρΧ
ΕϼΣέϣϟΎΑιΎΧϥΎϣ΄ρΧ
ίϛέϣΑϝλΗˬΓΩϭΟϭϣΔϠϛηϣϟΕέϣΗγΫ·ϯέΧΓέϣϪϠϳλϭΗΩϋϡΛΔϗΎρϟέΩλϣϥϋΩϗϭϣϟϝλϓˬ΄ρΧϟΫϫΙϭΩΣΩϧϋ
ϊϳΑϟΩόΑΎϣΕΎϣΩΧίϛέϣΑϝλΗˬϱΩΎόϟϝϳϐηΗϟ˯ΎϧΛΓ΄Οϓ΄ρΧϟϙϟΫΙΩΣΫ·ϊϳΑϟΩόΑΎϣΕΎϣΩΧ
ϲόϳΑρϟΎϬόοϭϰϟ·ΓέέΣϟΔΟέΩΓΩϭϋέϭϓΎϳ
˱
ΎϘϠΗϯέΧΓέϣϝϣόϠϟΩϗϭϣϟΩϭόϳγΓέέΣϟΔΟέΩνϔΧϧΗϰΗΣέυΗϧ
ίϛέϣΑϝλΗˬΔϳόϳΑρϟΎϬΗϣϳϗϰϟ·ΓέέΣϟΔΟέΩΓΩϭϋΩόΑέϭϬυϟϲϓΔϟΎγέϟΕϠυΫ·ΓέέΣϟΔΟέΩνϔΧϧΗϰΗΣέυΗϧ
ϊϳΑϟΩόΑΎϣΕΎϣΩΧ
ίϛέϣΑϝλΗˬΔϳόϳΑρϟΎϬΗϣϳϗϰϟ·ΓέέΣϟΔΟέΩΓΩϭϋΩόΑέϭϬυϟϲϓΔϟΎγέϟΕϠυΫ·ΓέέΣϟΔΟέΩνϔΧϧΗϰΗΣέυΗϧ
ϊϳΑϟΩόΑΎϣΕΎϣΩΧ
ΔΣϳΣλΓέϭλΑϲΟΎΟίϟργϠϟϳΗΎϔϣϟΔγϣϼϣϥϣΩϛ΄ΗΔΣϳΣλΓέϭλΑΩϗϭϣϟΏϳϛέΗϥϣΩϛ΄Η
ΕέϣΗγΫ·ΔϧϣϵΔϣϳϘϟϰϟ·ϲΎϘϠΗϟιΣϔϟΓΩϭϋέϭϓ΄ρΧϟΫϫϲϔΗΧϳγϳΗΎϔϣϟΔΣϭϠϟϲΎϘϠΗϟιΣϔϟΎΑιΎΧ΄ρΧϟΫϫ
ϊϳΑϟΩόΑΎϣΕΎϣΩΧίϛέϣΑϝλΗˬΓΩϭΟϭϣΔϠϛηϣϟ
ΔϠϛηϣϟΕέϣΗγΫ·ΔϧϣϵΔϣϳϘϟϰϟ·ϲΎϘϠΗϟιΣϔϟΓΩϭϋέϭϓ΄ρΧϟΫϫϲϔΗΧϳγΕΎϳΟϣέΑϠϟϲΎϘϠΗϟιΣϔϟΎΑιΎΧ΄ρΧϟΫϫ
ϊϳΑϟΩόΑΎϣΕΎϣΩΧίϛέϣΑϝλΗˬΓΩϭΟϭϣ
ΔϠϛηϣϟΕέϣΗγΫ·ΔϧϣϵΔϣϳϘϟϰϟ·ϲΎϘϠΗϟιΣϔϟΓΩϭϋέϭϓ΄ρΧϟΫϫϲϔΗΧϳγΕΎϳΟϣέΑϠϟϲΎϘϠΗϟιΣϔϟΎΑιΎΧ΄ρΧϟΫϫ
ϊϳΑϟΩόΑΎϣΕΎϣΩΧίϛέϣΑϝλΗˬΓΩϭΟϭϣ
Ϋ·ϯέΧΓέϣϪϠϳϐηΗϡΛˬΔϘϳϗΩΓΩϣϟέΎυΗϧϻϭˬΔϗΎρϟέΩλϣϥϋΩϗϭϣϟϝλϓϝϳϐηΗϟΕϼΣέϣΩΣ΄ΑΔϠϛηϣΔϳΩΟϭΗΩϗ
ϊϳΑϟΩόΑΎϣΕΎϣΩΧίϛέϣΑϝλΗˬΓΩϭΟϭϣΔϠϛηϣϟΕέϣΗγ
3
ΔϳΛϼΛϟΔΟϭΩίϣϟΕϼόηϟ
ϥϭϛϳϥϭˬϝόϔϟΎΑϝϣόΗΔϳγϳέϟΔϠόηϟϥϭϛΗϥϡΗΣΗϳˬΔΟϭΩίϣϟΩϳΩϣΗϟΔϘϠΣϝϳϐηΗϟ
ϥϣϰϠϋϪϟοϭϣϟΔϗΎρϟϯϭΗγϣ
ΔΟϭΩίϣϟΔϘρϧϣϟϝϳϐηΗ
˵
-&%ΔΑϣϟ˯ϲοΗΩϳΩϣΗϟΔϘϠΣϝϳϐηΗϰϠϋΩϳΩϣΗϟέίϰϠϋΓέϳλϗΔρϐοϝϭϝϣόΗ
ϝϣόΗΩϳΩϣΗϟΔϘϠΣΕϧΎϛΫ·ΩϳΩϣΗϟΡΎΗϔϣϰϠϋ
ΓέϓΎλΩϳΩϣΗϟΔϘϠΣϝϳϐηΗϑΎϘϳ·ϰϠϋΩϳΩϣΗϟέίϰϠϋΓέϳλϗΔρϐοϲϧΎΛϝϣόΗ
ΩϳΩϣΗϟέίϰϠϋΔρϐοϝϛϊϣΓέϳλϗ
ΔϳΛϼΛϟΔϘρϧϣϟϝϳϐηΗ
˵
-&%ΔΑϣϟ˯ϲ˰˰οΗϰϟϭϷΩϳΩϣΗϟΔϘϠΣϝϳϐ˰ηΗϰϠϋΩϳΩϣΗϟέίϰϠϋΓέϳ˰λϗΔρϐοϝϭϝϣόΗ
ΔϟΎΣϲϓϯέ˰˰γϳϟ-&%ΔΑϣϟϝϳϐ˰ηΗϟΩϳϗϰϟϭϷΩϳΩϣΗϟΔϘϠΣΕϧΎϛΫ·ΩϳΩϣΗϟέίϰϠϋϰϟϭϷ
ΔΟϭΩίϣϟΔϘρϧϣϟΔϟΎΣϲϓΓΩϳΣϭϟ-&%ΔΑϣϟϭϰργϭϟϭˬΔϳΛϼΛϟΔϘρϧϣϟ
˵
ΔΑϣϟ˯ϲ˰˰οΗΔϳϧΎΛϟΩϳΩϣΗϟΔϘϠΣϝϳϐ˰ηΗϑΎϘϳ·ϰϠϋΩϳΩϣΗϟέίϰϠϋΓέϳ˰λϗΔρϐοϲϧΎΛϝϣόΗ
ΔϳϧΎΛϟϭϰϟϭϷΩϳΩϣΗϟϲΗϘϠΣϝϳϐηΗϡΗΫ·ΩϳΩϣΗϟΡΎΗϔϣϰϠϋΔϳϧΎΛϟ-&%
ϰϟϭϷΩϳΩϣΗϟϲΗϘϠΣϝϳϐηΗϑΎϘϳ·ϰϠϋΩϳΩϣΗϟέίϰϠϋΓέϳλϗΔρϐοΙϟΎΛϝϣόΗ
ΔϳϧΎΛϟϭ
ΩϳΩϣΗϟέίϰϠϋΔρϐοϝϛϊϣΓέϳλϗΓέϓΎλ
ρΑέϟΔϔϳυϭ
ΔϔϳυϭϥϣΩΣϭϥΎΧγέΎϳΗΧϡΗϥϳϧΎΧ˰˰γϟϝϳϐ˰˰ηΗϑΎϘϳ·Ωϧϋϻ·ρΑέϟΔϳλΎΧϝϳόϔΗϥϛϣϳϻ
ρΑέϟΡΎΗϔϣαϣϟρΑέϟΔϳλΎΧϝϳόϔΗϟϭˬρΑέϟ
ΔϘρϧϣϟϝϳόϔΗϡΗΫ·-&%ΔΑϣϟ˯ϲοΗϭΓέϓΎλΕϭλέΩλϳ
ΕϗϭϟαϔϧϲϓρΑέϟϲ
˷
ϧΎΧγέΎϳΗΧϡΗϳ
ΏϭϏέϣϟϯϭΗγϣϟΩϧϋΔϗΎρϟϯϭΗγϣϥϛϳϡϟΫ·ˬϳΗΎϔϣΔργϭΑˬΕΎϧΎΧγϟέΎϳΗΧέϭϓ
ΕϻΎΣϟϲϓΔϳλΎΧϟϩΫϫϝϳόϔΗϲϬΗϧϳΔϗΎρϟϯϭΗ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰γϣαϔϧρΑέϟΕΎϧΎΧγΎΗηΎηνέόΗ
ΔϳϟΎΗϟ
ΩΩϋϹϊοϭϲϓρΑέϟΡΎΗϔϣαϣϟΩϧϋ
ΔϗΎρϟϯϭΗγϣϡΩΧΗγϣϟέΎΗΧΫ·
ϕϓΩΗϟρέϓϥϳϣ΄Η
ΕϭλέΩ˰˰λϳϥϭΛΕίϭΎΟΗΓέΗϔϟΡΎΗϔϣϱϰϠϋρϐ˰οϳϝΎγϭϡ˰γΟϭΎϣ˯ϲηϙΎϧϫ
˶
έ
˱
ϣΗ˰γϣΡΎΗϔϣϟϰϠϋρϐ˰οϟϝυΎϣϟΎρΔϳϧΎΛϝϛΔϠϳϭρΓέϓΎλϥϳΗέϳ˰λϗϥϳΗέϓΎλ
ΔϣΎϗΔϠϛηϣϟΕϠυΎϣϟΎρνϣϭϳίϣέϟΫϫϝυϳϲϬρϟργΊϔρϧϳγ
Εϗ΅ϣϟ
ΕϗϭϟαϔϧϲϓϭϱέίαϣϠΑϭˬιΎΧϟΎϫέίϡΩΧΗγΎΑΕϗ΅ϣϟΔϳλΎΧϝϳόϔΗϥϛϣϳ
ϥϣέΑϛϪΗϗΎρϯϭΗγϣϥϭϛϳϥΏΟϳϭϥΎΧγϟέΎϳΗΧϡΗΣΗϳˬϥϳΗϟΎΣϟϲϓϭ
νέόϳ
˵
ϥϣέΑϛΔϘρϧϣϠϟΔϗΎρϟϯϭΗ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰γϣΎϬΗϳϗϭΗρΑοΏϭϠρϣϟΔϘρϧϣϟέΎϳΗΧ
˵
ρΑ˰˰˰˰˰˰οϟΔϳϣϗέϟΕΎϧΎΧϟι˰˰˰˰˰λΧΗΕϳϗϭΗϟρΑοϝΣϣΔϘρϧϣϟϲϓΕΑΎΛϟίϣέϟ
Εϗ΅ϣϟ
έϳϳϐΗΩϧϋΕέϓΎλϱέΩ˰˰˰˰λΗϻϭέέίϷϡΩΧΗγΎΑΕϗ΅ϣϟΕϗϭέΎϳΗΧϥϛϣϳ
Εϗϭϟ
ϊοϭϟϰϟ·ΩϭόϳέέίϷϰϠϋΩΣϭϥϲϓρϐοϟΎΑΕϗ΅ϣϟ˯Ύϐϟ·ϡΗϳ
ϰϟ·ρΑ˰˰˰˰˰˰οϟϝϘΗϧϳˬ5#%Εϗϭ˯ΎϧΛϭέέίϷϰϠϋΔϠϳϭρΓέΗϔϟρϐ˰˰˰˰˰οϟΩϧϋ
ϊϳέγϟϊοϭϟ
ϥϣϭˬέίϟϰϠϋρϐ˰˰˰οϟΎΑϰϟ·ϥϣϝΎϘΗϧϻϥϛϣϳˬΕϗ΅ϣϟΕϗϭρΑοΩϧϋ
έίϟϰϠϋρϐοϟΎΑϰϟ·
ΔϘϳϗΩϭϫϲϧϣίΩΣϰλϗ
˯ΎϬϧϹΡΎΗϔϣϱϰϠϋρϐ˰οϟϙϧϛϣϳˬΕέϓΎ˰λϟέΩλ·ϲϓΩϗϭϣϟΩΑϳϭϥϣίϟ˯Ύ˰οϘϧΩόΑ
ϲϣϗέϟϝγϠγΗϟϭέΫϧϹΕϭλ
ϕΑΎγρΑοϰϠϋΕϗ΅ϣϟϝϣϋ˯ΎϧΛΕϗ΅ϣϟϥϣίρΑοϥϛϣϳ
Εϗ΅ϣϟΔΟϣέΑϲϓέϳϳϐΗϱϥϭΩΔΗϗ΅ϣϟΔϘρϧϣϟΔϗΎρϝϳΩόΗϥϛϣϳΎϣϛ
˵
ϲ˰ϟίΎϧΗϟΩόϟ˯ΎϧΛΕϗ΅ϣϟΔΟϣέΑϰϟ·ϝϭΧΩϟΩϧϋρϘϓνέόΗϭϲϧϭΛϟΎΑΔϘϳϗΩέΧνέόΗ
ΔϘϳϗΩέΧϵ
ϡΗϳϻΎϣΩϧϋϭˬΔϘρϧϣΔϳέΎϳΗΧϥϭΩΕϗ΅ϣϟΡΎΗϔϣϰϠϋρϐ˰˰˰˰˰˰οϟΩϧϋ˯ϲηϱΙΩΣϳϻ
ΔϘρϧϣΔϳϷΕϗ΅ϣϟρΑο
$5
ϥϣέΛϛϷΕϗ΅ϣϟρΑοϡΗϳΎϣϧϳΑΔϘρϧϣΔϳέΎϳΗΧϥϭΩΕϗ΅ϣϟέίϰϠϋρϐ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰οϟϱΩ΅ϳ
ϝϳόϔΗϡΗϱΫϟΕϗϭϟνέϋϡΗϳϭˬΔϳέϭΩΓέϭ˰˰˰λΑϭΎϳ
˱
ϣϗέΕϗϭϟϲϓέϳϐΗϟνέϋϡΗϳϓˬΔϘρϧϣ
ϪΗϗΎρϟϱέηόϟέγϛϟνέϋ
ΔΗϗ΅ϣϟΔϘρϧϣϟϲϓΔϳϧΎΛˬϭΔϳϧΎΛΓέΩϘϟνέϋϡΗϳΙϳΣ
ϕρΎϧϣϟΕϗ΅ϣϟρΑοΩϧϋΕϗ΅ϣϠϟΔ˰˰˰˰λ˰˰˰˰λΧϣϟΔϳϣϗέϟΕΎϧΎΧϟϲϓϲϘΑΗϣϟΕϗϭϟνέόϳ
˵
ΔλΎΧϟΔϘρϧϣϟϰϠϋϱέ˰˰ηόϟέ˰˰γϛϟνέόϳ
˵
ΎϣϧϳΑˬΔϳϘΑΗϣΔϳϧϣίΓέΗϓϝϗνέϋϡΗϳˬΓΩΩόΗϣ
ϪΑ
ΔΑγΗΣϣ
˵
ΔϳϋΎόηϹΕΎϧΎΧγϟϲϓΔϳϘΑΗϣϟΓέέΣϟέη΅ϣ
ϲϧϣίϝϭΩΟΩϳΩΣΗϡΗΣΗϳΎο
˱
ϳΔϳϘΑΗϣϟΓέέΣϟϥΎϳΑέ˰˰η΅ϣϛέ˰˰η΅ϣϟΕΫϡΩΧΗ˰γϥϛϣϳ
ϝϣόϟΕϗϭˬΔϗΎρϟϭΗγϣG ϥϳΧγΗϟΔΣέΕϗϭνέϐϟΫϬϟ
ΔΟέΩ
ϡΗϳϓˬΔϳέυϧϟΔϣϳϘϟΔϳϭϣ ϥϣϰϠϋΩϗϭϣϠϟϲΟΎΟίϟργϟΓέέΣΔΟέΩϥϭϛΗΎϣΩϧϋ
)ϑέΣϟνέόΑˬΎϬΑΔλΎΧϟΔηΎηϟϰϠϋΔϟΎΣϟνέϋ
ΔΟέΩ
ΩϣΗόΗϭˬΓΩΩΣϣ
˵
ΔϳϧϣίΓέΗϔϟϥΎΧ˰˰γϟϝϳϐ˰˰ηΗϲϐΑϧϳˬΔϳϭϣ ϥϣϰϠϋΓέέΣΔΟέΩΩϳϟϭΗϟ
ΩϧϋΔϳϘΑΗϣϟΓέέΣϟέϳΫΣΗνέϋϡΗϳˬΕϗϭϟ˯ΎϬΗϧέϭϓΔϗΎρϟϯϭΗ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰γϣϰϠϋΓέΗϔϟϙϠΗ
ϥΎΧγϟϝϳϐηΗϑΎϘϳ·
ϲΎϘϠΗϟϥΎϣϷϝϳϐηΗϟϑΎϘϳ·
ϝϣόϟϥϋΎϳ
˱
ΎϘϠΗϲϧόϣϟϥΎΧγϟϑϗϭΗϳˬϕΑγϣϟΩΩϋϹΓέΗϓ˯ΎϧΛΔϗΎρϟϯϭΗγϣέϳϐΗϳϡϟΫ·
έΎΗΧϣ
˵
ϟϲϬρϟϯϭΗγϣϰϠϋ˯
˱
ΎϧΑϙϟΫˬϭϫΎϣϛϥΎΧγϟΕϗϭϟϰλϗϷΩΣϟϝυϳϥϥϛϣϳϭ
ΓΩΣϭϝϣόΗˬΔϗΎρϠϟΕΎϳϭΗ˰γϣϰϠϋΩϧϋϝϳϐ˰ηΗϟ˯ΎϧΛϥϳΧγΗϟρέϓϊοϭϕϘΣΗΩϧϋΔυΣϼϣ
ΓέέΣϟΔΟέΩωΎϔΗέρέϓϥϣΩϗϭϣϟΔϳΎϣΣϟΔϗΎρϟϯϭΗγϣρΑοϰϠϋΎϳ
˱
ΎϘϠΗΩϗϭϣϟΎΑϡϛΣΗϟ
ΔϗΎρϟϯϭΗγϣ
ΔϋΎγϟΎΑϝϳϐηΗϟΕϗϭϟϰλϗϷΩΣϟ
ΔϧΎϳλϟϭϑϳυϧΗϟ
ϪϟΔϧΎϳλϝΎϣϋϱΫϳϔϧΗϲϓ˯ΩΑϟϝΑϗΎϣ
˱
ΎϣΗΩέΑϳϟΩϗϭϣϟϙέΗϲϐΑϧϳ
ΏγΎϧΗϟΎλ
˱
ϳ˰λΧΓΩόϣ
˵
ϟρηϛϟΕϭΩΕΎΣγΎϣϟϭϡϳέϛϟΕΎΟΗϧϣϟϯϭγϡΩΧΗγέυΣϳ
ΕϭΩϷϭΩΩόϟέΟΎΗϣϥϣΎϬϳϠϋϝϭλΣϟϥϛϣϳϲΟΎΟίϟϑίΧϟργ
ˬϊϳέ˰γϟϕέΗΣϻϰϟ·ΩϗϭϣϟργϰϠϋρϘγϳ˯ϲηϱνέόΗϳΙϳΣˬΩϭϣϟΏΎϛγϧΏϧΟΗ
ΎΑ
˱
όλέ
˱
ϣϪϔϳυϧΗϥϣϝόΟϳΎϣ
ΕΎΟΗϧϣϟϭέϛ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰γϟϭΔϳϛϳΗγϼΑϟΩϭϣϟϝΛϣˬϥΎΑϭΫϠϟΔϠΑΎϘϟΩϭϣϟϊϳϣΟΩΎόΑΈΑ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰λϧϧ
ΩϗϭϣϟϥϋΎϣ
˱
ΎϣΗέϛγϟϥϣΔϋϭϧλϣϟ
ΔϧΎϳλϟ
ΩϗϭϣϟργϰϠϋιΎΧϟϑϳυϧΗϟΞΗϧϣϥϣρΎϘϧΔόοΑϊοϭ
ϝϠΑϣΦΑρϣϕέϭϡΩΧΗγΎΑϭˬΔϣϋΎϧεΎϣϗΔόρϘΑΔΑϠλϊϘΑϱΔϟί·
ϪϔϳυϧΗϡΎϣΗϰΗΣϑΎΟΦΑρϣϕέϭϭΔϣϋΎϧεΎϣϗΔόρϘΑργϟγϣ
ΔΑόλϟΔΑϠλϟϊϘΑϟνόΑϙΎϧϫΕϠυΫ·
ργϰϠϋιΎΧϟϑϳυϧΗϟϝΎγϥϣΩϳίϣϟΔϓΎο·
ΏγϭέϟϭϊϘΑϟϊϳϣΟΔϟί·ϭρηϛϟˬΩϗϭϣϟργϰϠϋΔΟέΩΔϳϭίΑΔρηϛϣϟϡΩΧΗγ
ϪϔϳυϧΗϡΎϣΗϰΗΣϑΎΟΦΑρϣϕέϭϭΔϣϋΎϧεΎϣϗΔόρϘΑργϟγϣ
ϡίϟΎϣΑγΣΔϳϠϣόϟϩΫϫέέϛΗ
ΩϗϭϣϟϊϣΔϣΩΧΗγϣϟϲϬρϟϲϧϭιϭλΧΑΔΣϳλϧ
ϰϠϋϰϠϋϝϭλΣϠϟΓΩϭΟϟΔϳϟΎϋϲϬρΕϭΩϭϲϧϭϡΩΧΗγϱέϭέοϟϥϣϟϪϧ·
ϙΑιΎΧϟΩϗϭϣϟϥϣΓ˯Ύϔϛ
ϝϭΣϳΔϛϳϣγϭΔΣρ˰γϣΓΩϋΎϗΕΫΓΩϭΟϟΔϳϟΎϋϲϬρΕϭΩϭϲϧϭϡΩΧΗγΎΑΎϣΩλϧϧ
˵ ˱
ϲϧϭϷέϓϭΗΎϣϛΔϧΧΎ˰˰˰γϟϊϘΑϟϲϓϡΎόρϟϕΎ˰˰˰λΗϟϥϭΩϲϬρϟϲϧϭϥϣωϭϧϟΫϫϡΩΧΗγ
˱
ΓέέΣϠϟΎϘγΎϧΗϣΎό
˱
ϳίϭΗΔϛϳϣγϟΔϳϧΩόϣϟϲϟΎϘϣϟϭ
ϲΗϟϲϧϭϷΩΣϡΩΧΗγϭϝΎγϟΎΑϲϧϭϷ˯ϝϣΩϧϋΓϼϘϣϟϭ˯ΎϧϹΓΩϋΎϗϑΎϔΟϥϣΩϛ΄Ηϟ
ΩϗϭϣϟϰϠϋΎϬό˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰οϭϝΑϗΎϣ
˱
ΎϣΗϲϧϭϷΓΩϋΎϗϑϳϔΟΗϥϣΩϛ΄ΗϟϲϐΑϧϳϓˬΔΟϼΛϟΎΑΕϧΎϛ
ΥΎγϭϷΎΑΦρϠΗϟϥϣΩϗϭϣϟΔϳΎϗϭϲϓϙϟΫϙΩϋΎγϳγϓ
ϡΟΣϝϘϳϻϲϐΑϧϳϝϣΎϛϟΎΑΔϠό˰˰ηϟΓΩΣϭργΔϳρϐΗϟϲϔϛϳΎϣΑέϳΑϛέρϗΕΫϥϭϡΩΧΗγ
˳
˱
ΔϳϟΎόϓϰ˰˰˰λϗϕϳϘΣΗϙϟΫΑϥϣ˰˰˰οΗϓˬϼϳϠϗνέϋΕϧΎϛϥ·ΎϣΔϠό˰˰˰ηϟΔΣΎ˰˰γϣϥϋϲϧϭϷ
ΔϗΎρϠϟϡΩΧΗγ
ϙϟϥϣ˰˰˰˰˰οΗϲΗϟϲϬρϟϲϧϭέΎϳΗΧϲϓΔϳϟΎΗϟΕΎϣϭϠόϣϟϙΩϋΎ˰˰˰˰γΗγϲϬρϟϲϧϭέΎϳΗΧ
ΔϳϟΎϋ˯ΩΓ˯ΎϔϛϰϠϋϝϭλΣϟ
ΓΩϋΎϘΑΎϬϧϣΩϭίϳΎϣΎλ
˱
ϭλΧϭΓΩηΑΫΑ
˷
Σϣ
˵
ϝϳΗγαϠϧΎΗγΩλϠϟϡϭΎϘϣϟΏϠλϟ
ΎϳίϣϥϳΑΔϳϧϳΑϟΔϘΑρϟΕΫΔΟϭΩίϣϟΓΩϋΎϘϟΝίϣΗΙϳΣΔϳϧϳΑΔϘΑρΎϬϠϠΧΗϳΔΟϭΩίϣ
ΓΩϭΟαΎΣϧϟϭϡϭϳϧϣϭϟϷΎϳίϣϭέέϘΗγϻϭΔϧΎΗϣϟϭέϬυϣϟΩλϠϟϡϭΎϘϣϟΏϠλϟ
ΓέέΣϠϟϡυΗϧϣϟϊϳίϭΗϟϭˬΓέέΣϟϝϳλϭΗ
˱
εϭΩΧϛΎϧΎϳΣϡϭϳϧϣϭϟϷΏγϭέΎϳΎϘΑέϬυΗϝϳλϭΗϟΓΩϭΟϥίϭϟϝϳϘΛΑ˰˰˰˰˰λϧϳ
˵
ϡϭϳϧϣϭϟϷ
έ
˱
ϭϓΎϬϔϳυϧΗΩϧϋΎϬΗϟί·ϥϛϣϳϭˬΩϗϭϣϟργϰϠϋ
ϩέΎϬλϧΓέέΣΔΟέΩνΎϔΧϧϻέ
˱
υϧˬΔϘϳϗέϟϡϭϳϧϣϭϟϷϲϧϭϡΩΧΗγΏϧΟΗΑλϧϧϭ
ργϟεΩΧϲϓΏΑγΗϳΩϗ˯ϱΩέ˯ΩϪΑϲλϭϧϻΎϧϧϛϟˬϡΩΧΗγϼϟϟΎλέϫίϟΩϳΩΣ
ΎϳΎϘΑαΎΣϧϟϙέΗϳΩϗϥϛϟϭˬΩϳΟ˯ΩϥίϭϟϝϳϘΛΑ˰˰˰˰˰λϧϳ
˵
ΔϳγΎΣϧΓΩϋΎϗΕΫΔϳϓίΧϟϲϧϭϷ
ϱέϭϔϟϑϳυϧΗϟϰϠϋΕυϓΎΣΎϣϟΎρˬΎϳΎϘΑϟϙϠΗΔϟί·ϥϛϣϳϭΩϗϭϣϟρ˰γϰϠϋεϭΩΧϛέϬυΗ
ΔϧϭΧ˰˰γϟΓΩϳΩηϥΩΎόϣϟϕ˰λΗϠΗϥϝϣΗΣϳΙϳΣΔϏέΎϓϲϠϐΗϲϧϭϷϙϠΗϙέΗέυΣϳϭΩϗϭϣϠϟ
ΩϗϭϣϟϰϠϋΎϣ
˱
ΩϝυΗγΎϳΎϘΑΔϧϭΧγϟΓΩϳΩηΔϳγΎΣϧϟϲϧϭϷϙέΗΗγΩϗϭϣϠϟϲΟΎΟίϟργϟΎΑ
˱
ΔϣϋΎϧϭΔϘϳϗέϭΔΣργϣΓΩϋΎϘΑΕϧΎϛΫ·ϻ·ΩϳΟ˯
˱
ΩϕϘΣΗϻΎϧϳϣϟϥϳϠγέϭΑϟ
ργϟεΩΧϲϓΏΑγΗϳΩϗ˯ϱΩέ˯ΩϪΑλϧϳ
˵
ϻϲΟΎΟίϑίΧ
ϡΩΧΗγϻ
ΔϠόηϟϑΎϘϳ·ϝϳϐηΗ
ϡΛˬΔϠϳϭρΓέϓΎλϊϣ˰˰˰˰γΗγΔϳϧΎΛϲϠϠϣ˽˹˹ΓΩϣϟΔϠόηΔϘρϧϣΔϳαϣϠΑϡϗˬΔϠόηΔϳϝϳϐ˰˰˰˰ηΗϟ
ΔϗΎρϟϯϭΗγϣϥϋέ
˱
ΑόϣˬΔϓΩϬΗγϣ
˵
ϟΔϘρϧϣϟϰϠϋ˹ϡϗέϟέϬυϳ
ϡΛˬϥϭΛ˺˹έϭέϣΩόΑΎϳ
˱
ΎϘϠΗΔηΎηϟϙϠΗΊϔρϧΗγϓˬ˹ϊοϭϟΩϧϋϲϬρϟΔϠΣέϣΕϧΎϛΫ·
ϝϣόϟϥϋΔϠόηϟϑΎϘϳϹϝγϠγΗϣΕϭλέΩλϳ
έϬυϳ˰˰γϓˬ˹ΎϬΗϗΎρΕϧΎϛϥϛϟϭˬϝϳϐ˰ηΗϟΩϳϗΔηΎ˰ηϟϲϓΓέέΣϟϥϣΎϳΎϘΑϱϙΎϧϫΕϧΎϛΫ·
ϝΩΎΑΗϟΎΑ˹ϡϗέϟ
ϝϔϘϟΔϳλΎΧϝϳόϔΗϡΗΫ·ΔϠόηΔϳϝϳϐηΗϙϧϛϣϳϻ
ΕέϓΎλ˼ϊϣ˰˰˰γΗ˰˰˰γϓΔϳϧΎΛ˻ˬ˺ΓΩϣϟϥΎΧ˰˰γϟΔϘρϧϣαϣϟˬΕΎϧΎΧ˰˰γϟΩΣϝϳϐ˰˰ηΗϑΎϘϳϹ
Ϋ·ΔϓΩϬΗ˰˰γϣϟΔϘρϧϣϠϟΔϳϣϗέϟΔΣϭϠϟϰϠϋ+ϑέΣϟέϬυϳϭ˯ϲηϱέϬυϳϥϟϭˬΓέϳ˰˰λϗ
ΔϠόηϟΔϘρϧϣϟΊϔρϧΗϡΛΓέέΣΔϳΎϬΑΕϠυ
ϡΛˬϥϭΛ˺˹έϭέϣΩόΑΎϳ
˱
ΎϘϠΗΔηΎηϟϙϠΗΊϔρϧΗγϓˬ˹ϊοϭϟΩϧϋϲϬρϟΔϠΣέϣΕϧΎϛΫ·
ϝϣόϟϥϋΔϠόηϟϑΎϘϳϹϝγϠγΗϣΕϭλέΩλϳ
+ϑέΣϟέϬυϳγϓˬΓ΄ϔρϣϟΔϘρϧϣϟΔηΎηϲϓΓέέΣϟϥϣΎϳΎϘΑϱϙΎϧϫΕϧΎϛΫ·
ϝϔϘϟΔϳλΎΧϝϳόϔΗϊϣϰΗΣΔϠόηΔϳϝϳϐηΗϑΎϘϳ·ϙϧϛϣϳ
˽ϊϣγΗγϓˬϑΎϘϳϹϊοϭϲϓϥΎΧγϟϙϟΫϥΎϛϭˬΩΣϭϥΎΧγϯϭγϝϳόϔΗϡΗϳϡϟΫ·
ϲϬρϟργϝϳϐηΗϑΎϘϳΈΑϙέΎρΧϹΓέϳλϗΕέϓΎλ
ΔϠόηϟέΎϳΗΧ
ΕϼόηϠϟ˯ϭοϟΔϓΎΛϛνϔΧϧΗγϓˬϝόϔϟΎΑϝϳϐηΗϟΩϳϗΔϠόηϟΕϧΎϛΫ·
ΓέΎΗΧϣ
˵
ϟέϳϏϭϯέΧϷΔϠϣΎόϟ
ϰϟ·ΔΟΎΣϟϥϭΩˬΔϳοέΗϓΔϠό˰ηϛϝόϔϟΎΑΔϠό˰ηϟϙϠΗέΎϳΗΧϡΗϳϓˬρϘϓΓΩΣϭΔϠόηϝϳϐηΗϡΗΫ·
ΎϬΑιΎΧϟϡγϘϟΡΎΗϔϣϰϠϋΔϳϧΎΛϲϠϠϣ˺˾˹ΓέϳλϗΓέΗϔϟρϐοϟ
ΔϗΎρϟϯϭΗγϣνϳϔΧΗΓΩΎϳί
ϳΗΎϔϣϰϠϋΓέϳ˰λϗΓέΗϔϟρϐ˰οϟΎΑΓέΎΗΧϣ
˵
ϟϕρΎϧϣϟΔϗΎρϯϭΗγϣνϳϔΧΗϭΓΩΎϳίϙϧϛϣϳ
3˼˻˺˹ϭ
ϭϳΗΎϔϣϟϰϠϋΔϠϳϭρΓέΗϔϟρϐ˰οϟΩϧϋέέϣΗγΎΑΔϗΎρϟϯϭΗ˰γϣνϳϔΧΗΓΩΎϳίϡΗΗ
ϙϣίϠϳϰϠϋΔϗΎρϰϠϋϝϭ˰˰˰˰λΣϠϟϭˬϯϭΗ˰˰˰γϣϟΩϧϋΔϗΎρϟϑϗϭΗΗˬΔόϳέ˰˰˰γϟΓΩΎϳίϟϊϣ
νϳϔΧΗϟΓΩΎϳίϟΩϧϋΓέϓΎλΕϭλϣ˰γΗϥϟΡΎΗϔϣϟϰϠϋΓέϳ˰λϗΓέΗϔϟϯέΧΓέϣρϐοϟ
ϊϳέγϟ
ΔϗΎρϟϯϭΗ˰γϣϯέΧΓέϣέίϰϠϋρϐ˰οϟέϳϐϳϥϠϓˬ3ΔϗΎρϟϯϭΗ˰γϣϰϟ·ϝϭλϭϟέϭϓ
ϰϟ·έίϰϠϋϯέΧΓέϣρϐ˰˰˰˰˰˰οϟέϳϐϳϥϠϓˬ˹ΔϗΎρϟϯϭΗ˰˰˰˰˰˰γϣϰϟ·ϝϭλϭϟέϭϓϭ˹ϰϟ·
3ϯϭΗγϣϟ
ΩόΑϭΔϧΧΎγΔϠόηϟΕϧΎϛΫ·ˬϝΩΎΑΗϟΎΑ˹ίϣέϟνϣϭϳγˬ˹ϯϭΗγϣϟϰϠϋΔϠόηϟϝϳϐηΗΩϧϋ
ΔηΎηϟϰϠϋΕΑΎΛϟ+ϑέΣϟέϬυϳϭ˹ίϣέϟϲϔΗΧϳˬϥϭΛ˺˹
ϯϭΗ˰˰γϣϝϘΗϧϳ˰˰γϓˬΕϗϭϟαϔϧϲϓΎό
˱
ϣϭέέίϷαϣϟϭˬΕΎϧΎΧ˰γϟΩΣέΎϳΗΧΩϧϋ
ϑϗϭΗϳ˰˰γϓˬϥΎΧ˰˰γϟϝϳρόΗϡΗΫ·ϥϭΛ˺˹ΓΩϣϟέ
˱
ΎΗΧϣ
˵
ϥΎΧ˰˰γϟϝυϳϭ˹ϊοϭϟϰϟ·ΔϗΎρϟ
˳
˱
ΕΩΩϋϹΎϘϓϭΓΩΩΣϣ
˵
ϟΕϻΎΣϟϥϣΩΩϋϲ˰˰ϓϻ·˯έ˰ΟϹΫϫΫΎΧΗϥϛϣϳϻϭϝϣόϟϥϋΕϗ΅ϣϟ
ΎϣΑΕΩΩϋϹϙϠΗρΑοϙϧϛϣϳγϭΏ˰˰˰˰˰˰γΣϓϳοϭΗϟνέϏϷΔϳϟΎΗϟΔϠΛϣϷαϣϠϟΎΑϡϛΣΗϟ
ΔϳλΧηϟϙΗέΑΧΩϳίΗϊϣˬϙΗϼϳοϔΗϭϙϗΫϣϊϣΏγΎϧΗϳ
ϝΎϔρϷΙΑϋέυΣΔϳλΎΧ
ΕϗϭϟαϔϧϲϓϭϥϳέίϟϰϠϋρϐοϟΩϧϋΔϳλΎΧϟϩΫϫϝϳόϔΗϡΗϳ
˱
ϝυϳϭϥϳΗϳϧΎΛΓΩϣϟ/ϑέΣϟΔηΎηϟνέόΗϓˬΎϘΣϻέέίϷΩΣΔγϣϼϣΩϧϋϡΛ
ϪΗϟΎΣαϔϧΩϧϋϥϳΧγΗϟ
ˬΓέϳ˰λϗΓέϓΎλϊϣγΗγϓϥΎϳΑϟΔϔϟΎγΕϭρΧϟΕΫϊΑΗˬϝΎϔρϷΙΑϋέυΣΔϳλΎΧϝϳρόΗϟ
ϲ
ϣΣϣέϳϏΩϗϭϣϟϝυϳϭQϑέΣϟΔηΎηϟνέόΗϭ
ΩϗϭϣϠϟϲϠϛϟϝϳϐ˰ηΗϟϑΎϘϳ·ϥϣΔϘϳϗΩ˺˾ΩόΑΎϳ
˱
ΎϘϠΗϝΎϔρϷΙΑϋέυΣϝϔϗϝϳόϔΗϡΗϳΔυΣϼϣ
˱
ϡΩΧΗγϣϟΕΩΩϋ·ϡγϗϊΟέΎϘΑγϣΎϬρΑοϡίϠϳϥϛϟϭΎϳ
˱
ΎϘϠΗΔϔϳυϭϟϩΫϫρηϧΗϭ
$5
ΕΎϳϟϭ΅˰γϣϟϊϳϣΟϥϣϊϧ˰λϣϟϝλϧΗϳΕΎϬϳΟϭΗϟϭέϳϳΎόϣϟϊϣΏϳϛέΗϟϕΑΎρΗϳϥϡΗΣΗϳ
˵
ΏγΎϧϣϟέϳϏϭΊρΎΧϟϡΩΧΗγϻΔΟϳΗϧΙΩΣΗΩϗέέοϱϰϠϋΔΑΗέΗϣϟ
ΩΣϡΩΧΗγ˯ΎϧΛϊϘϳΩϗΎϣϣϪΗΎόΑΗϭΙΩΎΣϱϥϋΔϳϟϭ΅˰˰˰˰γϣΔϣΛϊϧ˰˰˰λϣ
˵
ϟϝϣΣΗϳϥϟέϳΫΣΗ
ΔΑϳόϣνϳέ΄ΗΔϠλϭΑΔοέ΅ϣϟϭˬΔοέ΅ϣϟέϳϏΓίϬΟϷ
ϲΎΑέϬϛϟϝϳϐ˰˰˰˰˰˰ηΗϟϝΑϗˬ˯ΎΑέϬϛϟαΎϳϘϣϡΩΧΗγΎΑΔϳΫϐΗϟέΩ˰˰˰˰˰λϣέΗϭΗϥϣϕϘΣΗϟϰΟέϳ
˵
έϬλϧϣϟΔϣ˯ϼϣϭνϳέ΄ΗϟΔϠλϭΔϳέέϣΗγϭˬΓέΩϟϊρΎϗρΑοϥϣΩϛ΄ΗϟϭˬίΎϬΟϠϟ
˱
ϙϟΫϡΎϣΗ·ϲϐΑϧϳϭ˭ίΎϬΟϠϟΔϳέΎϳόϣϟΔϗΎρϟϡϳϘϟΎϘϓϭΔϳΎΑέϬϛϟΕϼ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰λϭϟΏϳϛέΗϲϐΑϧϳ
ΏΎρϗϷΩΩόΗϣϊρϗΡΎΗϔϣϡΩΧΗγΎΑ
˱
ΝέΧϟαΑϘϣϰϟ·ϝϭλϭϟϝϬγΗΔϘϳέρΑΔΑϳϛέΗϡΗΣΗϳϓˬΝέΧαΑϘϣΑΩϭίϣίΎϬΟϟϥΎϛΫ·
ϥϣϝϛϟϲοέϷϑέρϟϰϟ·έ˰˰˰οΧϷέϔλϷϥϳϧϭϠϟϱΫΔϗΎρϟΎΑΔϳΫϐΗϟϝΑΎϛϝϳλϭΗϡΗΣΗϳ
ίΎϬΟϠϟΔϳϓέρϟΫϓΎϧϣϟϭΔϗΎρϟέΩλϣ
ΔϘϠόΗϣΕϻ΅Ύ˰˰γΗϱιϭ˰˰λΧΑˬι˰λΧΗϣϟϲϧϔϟϭϊϳΑϟΩόΑΎϣΕΎϣΩΧϊϣϝλϭΗϟϰΟέϳ
˵
ΔϗΎρϟϝϳλϭΗϝΑΎϛΑ
˱
ΔϣϳϘΑΩϬΟϱΫΔϗΎρέΩ˰˰λϣΑϻ·ϪϠϳλϭΗϡΩϋϲϐΑϧϳϓˬΔϗΎρϟϝϳλϭΗϝΑΎϛΑΩϭίϣΩϗϭϣϟϥΎϛΫ·
ΩϳΎΣϣ
˵
ϟϭέϭρϟϲϓέρϥϳΑΕϟϭϓ˻˻˹˻˽˹
ϲϠϳΎϣΑΩϗϭϣϟϝϳλϭΗΎο
˱
ϳϥϛϣϣϟϥϣϭ
˼Εϟϭϓ˻˽˹˻˻˹έϭρϟϲΛϼΛ
91˻Εϟϭϓ˽˺˾˼˹έϭρϟϲΛϼΛ
ϩΎϧΩΕΩΎηέϹωΎΑΗϰΟέϳ
˵
ˬΓΩϳΩΟΕϼϳλϭΗΫϳϔϧΗϟ
ϥϣΩϛ΄ΗϟϭˬϝϳλϭΗϟϡΎϣΗ·ϝΑϗΏγΎϧϣϟέϬ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰λϧϣϟϡΩΧΗγΎΑΏϳϛέΗϟΔϳΎϣΣϥϣΩϛ΄ΗϟϲϐΑϧϳ
ΔϳόϳΑρΓέϭλΑίΎϬΟϠϟΔϣίϼϟΔϳΫϐΗϟέϳϓϭΗϟϲϔϛϳέϳΑϛωΎρϗΕΫϙϼγ΄ΑϩΩϳϭίΗ
ΝΎΟίϟΔϳΎϣΣϟέΫΣϟϊϣˬίϳϬΟΗϟργϟΎϬ
˱
ΟϭϣϲΟΎΟίϟργϟϥϭϛϳΙϳΣΑΩϗϭϣϟΏϠϗ
˭˺ϝΑΎϛϟΕϳΑΛΗϙΑηϣέϳϣΎγϣϙϓ
˭ϥϳϳΑϧΎΟϟϥϳρϳέηϟϰϠϋέϭΛόϟ
˭ϝΧΩϠϟρϐοϟϊϣˬ˼ϭ˻ρϳέηϝϛΔϣΩϘϣϲϓργϣϟϙϔϣϟαέϊοϭ
˯ΎρϐϟΔϟί·
ΔϗΎρϟΎΑΔϳΫϐΗϟϝΑΎϛΔϟίϹ
ϝΑΎϛΕϼλϭϣϊϳέϔΗϟϥΎΑοϗϱϭΣΗϲΗϟΔϳϓέρϟΔϋϭϣΟϣϠϟΔΗΑΛϣϟέϳϣΎγϣϟΔϟί·
˭ΔϳΫϐΗϟ
ΝέΎΧϠϟΔϳΫϐΗϟϝΑΎϛΏΣγ
ΓΩϳΩΟΔϠλϭΏϳϛέΗϟΔόΑΗϣϟΕ˯έΟϹ
˵
˱
˭ϝϭΩΟϟϲϓΓΩέϭϟΕΎϳλϭΗϠϟΎϘΑρΔϗΎρϟΎΑΔϳΫϐΗϟϝΑΎϛέΎϳΗΧ
˭ΕϳΑΛΗϟϙΑηϣέΑϋΔϗΎρϟΎΑΔϳΫϐΗϟϝΑΎϛέϳέϣΗ
ϡίϼϟϝϭρϟΓΎϋέϣϊϣˬϝΑΎϛϟΎΑϝϳλϭΗϑέρϝϛϥϣϡϠϣ˺˹ϝϭρΑΔόρϗέϳηϘΗ
˭ΔϳϓέρϟΔϋϭϣΟϣϟΎΑϝΑΎϛϟϝϳλϭΗϟ
˱ ˱
ΏϳϛέΗϟΕΩΎηέϹΎϘΑρϭˬΔρϳέΧϟΎΑοϭϣϭϫΎϣϟΎϘϓϭϝλϭϣϟΕϳΑΛΗϲϓ˯ΩΑϟ
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ΔΣϳΣλΓέϭλΑϡΩΧΗγϻΓΩΎϋϹΔΣϟΎλϟΩϭϣϟ
ΔϳΎΑέϬϛϟΕΩόϣϟΕΎϳΎϔϧϝϭΣΗϡΩϋϥΎϣ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰οϟΔϳΎϐϠϟϡϬϣέϭΩΔγέΎϣϣΩέϓϷϊϳρΗ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰γϳ
ΔϳγϳέϟΩϋϭϘϟνόΑωΎΑΗϱέϭέοϟϥϣϟϪϧΈϓΫϟ˭ΔϳΑϟΩΩϬΗΔϠϛηϣϟΔϳϧϭέΗϛϟϹϭ
ϯέΧϷΔϳϟίϧϣϟΕΎϔϠΧϣϟϥϣοΔϳϧϭέΗϛϟϹϭΔϳΎΑέϬϛϟΕΩόϣϟΕΎϳΎϔϧϥϣιϠΧΗϟέυΣϳ
ΔόοΎΧϟΔ˰λ˰λΧΗϣϟϊϳϣΟΗϟίϛέϣϰϟ·ΔϳϧϭέΗϛϟϹϭΔϳΎΑέϬϛϟΕΩόϣϟΕΎϳΎϔϧϡϳϠ˰γΗϲϐΑϧϳ
ΕΩόϣϟΕΎϳΎϔϧϊϣΟϟΕΎϣΩΧϝϭΩϟνόΑέϓϭΗΔϠΟ˰˰˰˰˰˰γϣ
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ϝίΎϧϣϟϥϣϡΟΣϟΓέϳΑϛΔϳϧϭέΗϛϟϹϭΔϳΎΑέϬϛϟ
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ΕΎΟΗϧϣϱϑϼΗ·ϲϓϙϟΫΏΑ˰γΗ˯ϭγˬϝϫ΅ϣέϳϏιΧηίΎϬΟϟΏϳϛέΗΑϡΎϗϭˬΎ˰λϧϟϩΫϫ
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ϲϠ˰˰γϠ˰˰γΗϟϪϣϗέϝϳΟ˰γΗϙϳϠϋˬΩϗϭϣϟΏϳϛέΗϝΑϗϭˬΎϘΣϻϡΩΧΗγϻϭ
ϊϳΑϟΩόΑΎϣΕΎϣΩΧϥϣΓΩϋΎγϣϟϰϠϋϝϭλΣϠϟϙΗΟΎΣϝΎΣ
˯ΎϧΛΔϳΎϐϠϟΔϧΧΎγΔγϭϣϠϣϟϪΗΎϧϭϛϣϭίΎϬΟϟΫϫΑ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰λϳέϳΫΣΗ
ϡΗΣΗϳΔϧΧΎ˰˰γϟ˯ίΟϷΔ˰˰γϣϼϣΏϧΟΗϟιέΣϟϲϐΑϧϳΫϟϪϣΩΧΗγ
ϥϛϳϡϟΎϣˬίΎϬΟϟϥϋέϣόϟϥϣΕϭϧ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰γϥϣϝϗϝΎϔρϷΩΎόΑ·
ΔϘϳλϟϭΔυϘϳΔΑΎϗέΕΣΗϪϟϡϬϣΩΧΗγ
ϭΎϬϣϣ˰λϲΗϟϯϭ˰γϲϬρϟίΎϬΟϟΕΎϳϗϭϱϡΩΧΗ˰γέυΣϳέϳΫΣΗ
ΔϘϓέϣϟΕΎϳϗϭϟϡΩΧΗγϭϝϳϟΩϟΫϫϲϓίΎϬΟϟϊϧ˰˰˰˰˰˰λϣΎϬΑϰλϭ
ΕΎϳϗϭϟϡΩΧΗγϥΫ·ΏγΎϧϣϟϡΩΧΗγϻϥΎϣοϟϪέηΩϧϋίΎϬΟϟΎΑ
ΙΩϭΣϟϲϓΏΑγΗϳΩϗΔΑγΎϧϣϟέϳϏ
ΩϗϭΔϳΎϐϠϟέ
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ρΧϡϭΣ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰ηϟϭΕϳίϟΎΑΔϣόρϷϲϬρϥϭϛϳΩϗέϳΫΣΗ
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˯Ύϔρ·ΎϘϠρϣϝϭΎΣΗϻΔΑΎϗέϥϭΩϡΗΫ·ˬϕϳέΣΏϭ˰˰˰˰˰ηϧϲϓΏΑ˰˰˰˰˰γΗϳ
ϰϠϋˬΏϬϠϟρϏϡΛίΎϬΟϟϝϳϐ˰˰˰˰˰ηΗϑΎϘϳΈΑέΩΎΑϥϛϟϭˬ˯ΎϣϟΎΑϕέΣϟ
˶
ϕϳέΣϟΔϳϧΎρΑϭ˯ΎρϏϡΩΧΗγΎΑϝΎΛϣϟϝϳΑγ
ϲϬρϟργϰϠϋϡΎγΟϱϥίΧΗϻϕϳέΣΏϭηϧέρΧέϳΫΣΗ
ϝϳϐ˰˰ηΗϑΎϘϳΈΑέΩΎΑϭˬΝΎΟίϟαϣϟΏϧΟΗϓˬρ˰˰γϟϕϘ˰˰ηΗΫ·έϳΫΣΗ
˯ΎΑέϬϛϟΎΑϕόλϠϟνέόΗϟέρΧϱΩΎϔΗϟίΎϬΟϟ
ΕΎϗΎϋϹϱϭΫϙϟΫϛϭˬέΑϛ΄ϓΕϭϧ˰˰γέϣϋϲϓϡϫϥϣϣϝΎϔρϸϟϥϛϣϳ
ˬΔϓέόϣϭΓέΑΧϕΑΎ˰˰˰γΑϥϭόΗϣΗϳϻϥϣϭΔϳϧϫΫϟϭΔϳ˰˰γΣϟϭΔϳϧΩΑϟ
ϡΩΧΗγΎΑιΎΧϪϳΟϭΗϭϑέηϹϡϬϋϭ˰οΧρέηΑίΎϬΟϟΫϫϡΩΧΗγ
ϪϣΩΧΗγϻΔΑΣΎ˰˰˰˰λϣϟέρΎΧϣϠϟϡϬΑΎόϳΗγϭˬΔϧϣΔϘϳέρΑίΎϬΟϟΫϫ
ίΎϬΟϟΫϬϟϡϬϣΩΧΗγϡΩϋϥΎϣ˰οϟϑέηϺϟϝΎϔρϷϊοΧϳϥϲϐΑϧϳ
ΕΣΗϻ·ίΎϬΟϟΫϫΔϧΎϳ˰˰˰˰˰λϭϑϳυϧΗϝΎϔρϷϰϠϋέυΣϳΏόϠϟϲϓ
ϑέη·
ΔόΑΎΗϣϡΗΣΗϳϭέ˰˰˰˰ηΎΑϣϑέ˰˰˰η·ΕΣΗϲϬρϟΔϳϠϣϋϡΎϣΗ·ϡΗΣΗϳϪϳΑϧΗ
ΩϣϷΓέϳλϗϲϬρϟΕΎϳϠϣϋϰϠϋΓέϣΗγϣΔϔλΑϑέηϹ
ΩϧϋϭˬΎϬϠϳϐ˰˰ηΗ˯ΎϧΛϲϬρϟΕϼόηϥϋϝΎϔρϷΩΎόΑΈΑΓΩ˰˰ηΑ˰˰λϧϧ
ΔϳϐΑϙϟΫϭˬϝϣόϳΔϳϘΑΗϣϟΓέέΣϟΩϭΟϭέ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰η΅ϣϝυΎϣϟΎρˬΎϬΎϔρ·
ΓΩϳΩηϟϕϭέΣϟέρΎΧϣϟνέόΗϟϥϣϡϬΗϳΎϗϭ
ϥϋϡϛΣΗϟΔϣυϧϭϲΟέΎΧΕϗ΅ϣϡΩΧΗγΎΑϝϣόϳϟίΎϬΟϟΫϫϡϣλϳ
˵
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ΩόΑ
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ίΎϬΟϟϥϣΏέϘϟΎΑ
ϝϣΣϭέΎϳΗϭΩϬΟϝϣΣΗϰϠϋέΩΎϗΔϳΫϐΗϝΑΎϛΑαΑΎϘϟϝϳ˰˰˰˰˰˰λϭΗϲϐΑϧϳ
ΔϠλϭέϓϭΗΓέϭέοϊϣˬϲϔϳέόΗϟϕ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰λϠϣϟϰϠϋοϭϣϟίΎϬΟϟ
ϕ˰˰˰˰λϠϣϟϰϠϋοϭϣϟϝϣΣϠϟΎΑ
˱
γΎϧϣαΑϘϣϟϥϭϛϳϥϲϐΑϧϳνϳέ΄Η
νϳέ΄ΗϟΔϠλϭϝϣόΗϭΔϠ˰˰λΗϣνϳέ΄ΗΔϠλϭέϓϭΗϡΗΣΗϳϭˬϲϔϳέόΗϟ
ΔϳϠϣόϟϩΫϬΑϡϭϘϳϥϲϐΑϧϳέ˰οΧϷϭέϔλϷϥϳϧϭϠϟΕΫΔϠλϭϟϲϫ
αΑΎϗϭαΑϘϣϟϥϳΑϕϓϭΗϟϡΩϋΔϟΎΣϲϓι˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰λΧΗϣϭϝϫ΅ϣϲϧϓ
ϪϠϳΩΑΗϭαΑϘϣϟέϳϳϐΗΑι˰˰˰˰˰˰˰λΧΗϣϟϲΎΑέϬϛϟΔΑϟΎρϣϙϳϠϋˬίΎϬΟϟ
ϊϣαΑΎϘϟϭαΑϘϣϟϥϣϝϛϕϓϭΗϳϥϡΗΣΗϳΏ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰γΎϧϣωϭϧϥϣέΧΑ
ϡΩΧΗγϻΔϟϭΩϲϓΔϳέΎγϟΔϳϟΎΣϟέϳϳΎόϣϟ
ΩΩόΗϣϊρΎϗϡΩΧΗγϕϳέρϥϋΔϗΎρϟέΩ˰˰˰˰˰˰˰˰λϣΑϝϳλϭΗϟϥϛϣϳΎϣϛ
ϝϣΣϰ˰˰˰˰λϗϝϣΣΗϰϠϋέΩΎϘϟΔϗΎρϟέΩ˰˰˰˰λϣϭίΎϬΟϟϥϳΑΏΎρϗϷ
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ΔϳϟΎΣϟϥϳϧϭϘϟϊϣΎϘϓϭΗϣϥϭϛϳϥϰϠϋˬϝλΗϣ
ΔργϭΑέ˰οΧϷϭέϔλϷϥϳϧϭϠϟϱΫνϳέ΄ΗϟϝΑΎϛϝλϓϡΩϋϲϐΑϧϳ
ΏΎρϗϷΩΩόΗϣϊρΎϘϟϭαΑΎϘϟϰϟ·ϝϭλϭϟϝϬ˰˰˰γϳϥϲϐΑϧϳϊρΎϘϟ
ίΎϬΟϟΏϳϛέΗϡΎϣΗΩόΑ
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ΔϧΧΎγΑλΗΩϗΎϬϧ·ΙϳΣΩϗϭϣϟργϰϠϋΔϳρϏϷ
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ΩϲϧϭϷϊοϭϲϐΑϧϳ
ϡϛΣΗϟΔΣϭϟϰϠϋ˯ϲηϱϊοϭΏϧΟΗϲϬρϟ
ίϳϬΟΗϠϟργϛΩϗϭϣϟϡΩΧΗγΏϧΟΗ
ϊϳρϘΗϠϟργϛΩϗϭϣϟϡΩΧΗγΏϧΟΗ
ΎϬρϭϘγϱΩ΅ϳΩϗΙϳΣˬΩϗϭϣϟϰϠϋΔϠϳϘΛϡΎγΟϱϊοϭέυΣϳ
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