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7. Noise
LEDs can suffer from audible noise, specifically when used at deep dimming levels. The voltages and
current which are produced, can create mechanical resonance in the components. This noise can be
perceived as very annoying and uncomfortable. This is the reason why Energy Star has put requirements
in to place for audible noise levels.
According to the Energy Star requirements for audible noise, lamps shall not emit noise above 24 dBA @
1 meter distance [51]. This threshold is not strict enough for lamps in a completely silent living room
(around 20 dBA), or lamps located close to the people (reading light, bedside lamp). All Philips branded
EyeComfort LED products of Signify take the published regulations into account.
References:
[1] Małgorzata Perz, Dragan Sekulovski, Ingrid Vogels & Ingrid Heynderickx (2017): Quantifying the
Visibility of Periodic Flicker, LEUKOS, DOI: 10.1080/15502724.2016.1269607
[2] IEC CIE TN 006:2016, Visual Aspects of Time-Modulated Lighting Systems – Definitions and
Measurement Models, September 2016: http://files.cie.co.at/883_CIE_TN_006-2016.pdf.
[3] https://www.lightingeurope.org/images/publications/position-papers/LightingEurope_-
_position_paper_-_flicker_and_stroboscopic_effect_-_final.pdf
[4] http://www.nema.org/Standards/Pages/Temporal-Light-Artifacts-Flicker-and-Stroboscopic-
Effects.aspx?_sm_au_=i5VMrMH4n4J8p7jb
[5] WILKINS, A., VEITCH, J., LEHMAN, B. 2010. LED Lighting Flicker and Potential Health Concerns: IEEE
Standard PAR1789 Update. In 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 171–78.
[6] Jaen, M., J. Sandoval, E. Colombo, and T. Troscianko, “Office workers visual performance and
temporal modulation of fluorescent lighting,” LEUKOS, vol. 1, pp. 27–46, 2005.
[7] Veitch, J. A., and S. L. McColl, “Modulation of fluorescent light: Flicker rate and light source effects on
visual performance and visual comfort,” Lighting Research and Technology, vol. 27, p. 243,1995.
[8] Wilkins, A.J., Nimmo-Smith, I.M., Slater, A. and Bedocs, L. (1989) Fluorescent lighting, headaches and
eye-strain. Lighting Research and Technology, 21(1), 11-18.
[9] Arnold Wilkins, Brad Lehman. Biological effects and health hazards from flicker, including flicker that
is too rapid to see. 2/15/10, IEEE Standard P1789. http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1789.
[10] J. D. Bullough, K. S. Hickcox, T. R. Klein and N. Narendran, "Effects of flicker characteristics from
solid-state lighting on detection, acceptability and comfort," Lighting Research and Technology, vol. 43,
p. 337–348, 201
[11] Harding, G. F. A., and P. Jeavons, Photosensitive Epilepsy. London: Mac Keith Press, 1994.
[12] Binnie, C. D., R. A. de Korte, and T. Wisman, “Fluorescent lighting and epilepsy,” Epilepsia, vol. 20,
pp. 725–727, 1979.
[13] Harding, G. F. A., and P. F. Harding, “Photosensitive epilepsy and image safety,” Applied
Ergonomics, 16 Oct. 2008.
[14] Fisher, R. S., G. F. A. Harding, G. Erba, G. L. Barkley, and A. Wilkins, “Photic- and pattern-induced
seizures: A review for the Epilepsy Foundation of America working group,” Epilepsia, vol. 46, pp. 1426–
1441, Sep. 2005.
[15] Global Lighting Association: Optical and Photobiological Safety of LED, CFLs and Other High
Efficiency General Lighting Sources
[16] IEC 62471:2006, Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems
[17] IEC TR 62778, Application of IEC 62471 for the assessment of blue light hazard to light sources
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