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Headroom. The difference, in decibels, between
the peak and RMS levels in program material.
Hybrid. A product created by the marriage
of two different technologies. Meant here as
the combination of a dynamic woofer with an
electrostatic transducer.
Hz (Hertz). Unit of frequency equivalent to the
number of cycles per second.
Imaging. To make a representation or imitation
of the original sonic event.
Impedance. The total opposition offered by
an electric circuit to the flow of an alternating
current of a single frequency. It is a combination
of resistance and reactance and is measured in
ohms. Remember that a speaker’s impedance
changes with frequency, it is not a constant value.
Inductance. The property of an electrical circuit
by which a varying current in it produces a varying
magnetic field that introduces voltages in the same
circuit or in a nearby circuit. It is measured in henrys.
Inductor. A device designed primarily to
introduce inductance into an electrical circuit.
Sometimes called a choke or coil.
Linearity. The extent to which any signal
handling process is accomplished without
amplitude distortion.
Midrange. The middle frequencies where the
ear is the most sensitive.
Passive crossover. Uses no active components
(transistors, IC’s, tubes) and needs no power
supply (AC, DC, battery) to operate. The crossover
in a typical loudspeaker is of the passive variety.
Passive crossovers consist of capacitors, inductors
and resistors.
Phase. The amount by which one sine wave
leads or lags a second wave of the same
frequency. The difference is described by the term
phase angle. Sine waves in phase reinforce each
other; those out of phase cancel.
Pink noise. A random noise used in
measurements, as it has the same amount of
energy in each octave.
Polarity. The condition of being positive or
negative with respect to some reference point or
object.
RMS. Abbreviation for root mean square. The
effective value of a given waveform is its RMS
value. Acoustic power is proportional to the square
of the RMS sound pressure.
Resistance. That property of a conductor
by which it opposes the flow of electric current,
resulting in the generation of heat in the conducting
material, usually expressed in ohms
Resistor. A device used in a circuit to provide
resistance.
Resonance. The effect produced when the
natural vibration frequency of a body is greatly
amplified by reinforcing vibrations at the same or
nearly the same frequency from another body.
Sensitivity. The volume of sound delivered for a
given electrical input.
Stator. The fixed part forming the reference for
the moving diaphragm in a planar speaker.
THD. The abbreviation for total harmonic
distortion. (See Distortion)
TIM. The abbreviation for transient intermodulation
distortion.
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