Cub Cadet 13C226HD603 Riding Lawn Mower Model

Product's Documents

Below are documents related to this product, you can read online or download:
User Manual
  • User Manual: OP:CC:13B226HD:30RD:EU:#1 - (English) Read Online | Download pdf
  • User Manual: OP:CC:13B226HD:30RD:EU:#2 - (English) Download
  • User Manual: OP:MTD ENG:420cc: 4P90JT: - (English) Download
  • User Manual: Operator: MTD ENGINE 4P90JT:EU - (English) Download
Other Documents
  • SHT:INSTR:CSTMR:13B226HD603:EU - (English) Download
  • SUP:CONF:DECLA:13C226HD603 - (English) Download
  • SUP:CONF:DECLA:13C226HD603 - (English) Download

User Manual: OP:CC:13B226HD:30RD:EU:#1

This is the main product document for model 13C226HD603.

The file format is pdf, 152 pages, you can download this manual here .

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MTD Products Aktiengesellschaft • SaarbrückenGermany
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English
(Original operating instructions)
Français
(Notice d'instructions d'origine)
Deutsch
(Originalbetriebsanleitung)
Nederlands
(Originele gebruiksaanwijzing)
Italiano
(Istruzioni per l'uso originali)
Español
(Instrucciones de funcionamiento originales)
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(Originalbruksanvisning)
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(Originale driftsvejledning)
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(Originale driftsanvisningen)
Suomi
(Alkuperäinen käyttöohjekirja)
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(Instruções de serviço originais)
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Αυθεντικές οδηγίες χειρισμού)
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(Eredeti üzemeltetési útmutató)
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(Oryginalna instrukcja obsługi)
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ˢˠˠ˺ˤ˰ˤ˯˧˞˦˱ˤ˪˙ˮ˪ˤ˰ˤ
˞˪˙˨ˤ˵ˤ˯˧˙˥ˢˢ˲˥˺˪ˤ˯˞˭˹˱ˤ˪
˭˨ˢ˲ˮ˙˱ˬ˲˧˞˱˞˰˧ˢ˲˞˰˱˛ˍ
˴ˮ˛˰˱ˤ˯ˢ˲˥˺˪ˢ˱˞˦ˠ˦˞˹˨ˢ˯˱˦˯
ˣˤ˩˦˚˯ˬ˦ˬ˭ˬ˜ˢ˯˭ˮˬ˧˞˨ˬ˺˪˱˞˦˰ˢ
˱ˮ˜˱ˬ˲˯˧˞˦˰˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˲˰˜˞˱ˬ˲˯
˞˭˹˱ˤ˴ˮ˛˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯
ʿ˲˥˞˜ˮˢ˱ˢ˯˞˨˨˞ˠ˚˯˰˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
˞˭ˬ˧˨ˢ˜ˬ˲˪ˬ˭ˬ˦˞ˡ˛˭ˬ˱ˢˢ˲˥˺˪ˤ
˱ˬ˲˧˞˱˞˰˧ˢ˲˞˰˱˛ˠ˦˞ˣˤ˩˦˚˯˭ˬ˲
ˢ˪ˡˢ˴ˬ˩˚˪˶˯˭ˮˬ˧˺˵ˬ˲˪˞˭˹
˞˲˱˚˯
ˑˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˞˲˱˹ˡˢ˪˭ˮˬˬˮ˜ˣˢ˱˞˦
ˠ˦˞˴ˮ˛˰ˤ˰ˢˡˤ˩˹˰˦ˬ˲˯ˡˮ˹˩ˬ˲˯
ˬ˺˱ˢˠ˦˞˱ˤ˩ˢ˱˞˳ˬˮ˙˞˱˹˩˶˪
ˁˢ˪˦˧˚˯˲˭ˬˡˢ˜˫ˢ˦˯
˞˰˳˞˨ˢ˜˞˯
ˎˮ˦˪˱ˤ˪˭ˮ˻˱ˤ˴ˮ˛˰ˤ˱ˬ˲
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯ˡ˦˞˟˙˰˱ˢ˭ˮˬ˰ˢ˧˱˦˧˙
˞˲˱˚˯˱˦˯ˬˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˧˞˦
ˢ˪ˢˮˠˢ˜˱ˢ˟˙˰ˢ˦˞˲˱˻˪
ˈ˞˱˞˱ˬ˭˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˲˯˙˨˨ˬ˲˯˴ˮ˛˰˱ˢ˯
˰˴ˢ˱˦˧˙˩ˢ˱ˬ˰˶˰˱˹˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩˹˱ˬ˲
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯
ˉˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˩˹˪ˬ
˹˱˞˪˞˲˱˹˟ˮ˜˰˧ˢ˱˞˦˰˱ˤ˪˱ˢ˴˪˦˧˛
˧˞˱˙˰˱˞˰ˤ˭ˬ˲˭ˮˬˡ˦˞ˠˮ˙˳ˢ˱˞˦
˧˞˦˰˱ˤ˪ˬ˭ˬ˜˞˭˞ˮ˞ˡ˜ˡˢ˱˞˦˞˭˹
˱ˬ˪˧˞˱˞˰˧ˢ˲˞˰˱˛
˓˲˨˙˫˱ˢ˧˞˨˙˞˲˱˚˯˱˦˯ˬˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯
˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˧˞˦˚˴ˢ˱˚˱˦˯˭ˮ˹˴ˢ˦ˮˢ˯
ˠ˦˞˧˙˥ˢ˴ˮ˛˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯
ʿ˪˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˞˨˨˙˫ˢ˦˦ˡ˦ˬ˧˱˛˱ˤ
˞˲˱˚˯ˬ˦ˬˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦
˪˞˭˞ˮ˞ˡˬ˥ˬ˺˪˩˞ˣ˜˩ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˑ˞˞˪˱˞˨˨˞˧˱˦˧˙˧˞˦˱˞ˢ˫˞ˮ˱˛˩˞˱˞
˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞˭˨ˤˮˬ˺˪˱˦˯
˧˞˥ˬˮ˦˰˩˚˪ˢ˯˞˭˹˱ˬ˪
˧˞˱˞˰˧ˢ˲˞˰˱˛˞˫˦˻˰ˢ˦˯
ˁ˦ಬ˞˲˱˹˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˩˹˪ˬ
ˠ˪˛˰˦˞˞˪˱˞˨˨˞˧˱˦˧˙˧˞˦
ˢ˫˞ˮ˱˛˩˞˱˞˛ˢˠ˧ˢ˧ˮ˦˩˚˪˞˞˭˹˱ˬ˪
˧˞˱˞˰˧ˢ˲˞˰˱˛˞˪˱˞˨˨˞˧˱˦˧˙˧˞˦
ˢ˫˞ˮ˱˛˩˞˱˞
ʿ˪˞˥˚˱ˢ˱ˢ˱˦˯ˢ˭˦˰˧ˢ˲˚˯
˞˭ˬ˧˨ˢ˦˰˱˦˧˙˰ˢˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ
˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬ
ˎˮ˦˪˞˭˹˱ˤ˪ˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞˩ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˊˤ˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˰ˢ
˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˧˹˭˶˰ˤ˯˧˞˦
˞˰˥˚˪ˢ˦˞˯
ˑ˞˙˱ˬ˩˞˱˞ˬ˭ˬ˜˞˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˣˬ˪˱˞˦˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˡˢ˪ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱˞˦˪˞
˟ˮ˜˰˧ˬ˪˱˞˦˲˭˹˱ˤ˪ˢ˭˛ˮˢ˦˞
˪˞ˮ˧˶˱˦˧˻˪ˬ˲˰˦˻˪˭˴˞˨˧ˬ˹˨
˪˞ˮ˧˶˱˦˧˻˪˛˳˞ˮ˩˙˧˶˪
ʶ˱ˬ˩˞ˤ˨˦˧˜˞˯˧˙˱˶˱˶˪ˢ˱˻˪
ˡˢ˪ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱˞˦˪˞˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˣˬ˪˱˞˦˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˑˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˞˲˱˹ˡˢ˪˭ˮˬˬˮ˜ˣˢ˱˞˦
ˠ˦˞˴ˮ˛˰ˤ˞˭˹˙˱ˬ˩˞
˰˲˩˭ˢˮ˦˨˞˩˟˞˪ˬ˩˚˪˶˪˱˶˪
˭˞˦ˡ˦˻˪˩ˢ˭ˢˮ˦ˬˮ˦˰˩˚˪ˢ˯
˳˲˰˦˧˚˯˞˦˰˥ˤ˱˛ˮ˦ˢ˯˛˪ˬˤ˱˦˧˚˯
˦˧˞˪˹˱ˤ˱ˢ˯˛˩ˢ˚˨˨ˢ˦˵ˤ˭ˢ˜ˮ˞˯˧˞˦
˛ˠ˪˻˰ˢ˶˪ˢ˧˱˹˯˧˞˦ˢ˙˪
ˢ˭˦˟˨˚˭ˬ˪˱˞˦˛˚˴ˬ˲˪˧˞˱˞˱ˬ˭˦˰˱ˢ˜
˰˴ˢ˱˦˧˙˩ˢ˱ˤ˴ˮ˛˰ˤ˱ˬ˲
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯˞˭˹˙˱ˬ˩ˬ˲˭ˢ˺˥˲˪ˬ
ˠ˦˞˱ˤ˪˞˰˳˙˨ˢ˦˙˱ˬ˲˯
ˑ˞˭˞˦ˡ˦˙˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞ˢ˭˦˟˨˚˭ˬ˪˱˞˦
˻˰˱ˢ˪˞ˡ˦˞˰˳˞˨˦˰˱ˢ˜˹˱˦ˡˢ˪
˭˞˜ˣˬ˲˪˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˎˮˬ˱ˬ˺˞ˮ˴˜˰ˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˪ˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞˩ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˢ˫ˬ˦˧ˢ˦˶˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˩ˢ˹˨˞˱˞
˰˲˰˱˛˩˞˱˞˧˞˦˱˞˰˱ˬ˦˴ˢ˜˞
˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˧˞˥˻˯˧˞˦˩ˢ˱˦˯
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜ˢ˯˞˲˱˻˪
ʿ˭ˬ˥ˤ˧ˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˱˞˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˩˹˪ˬ˰ˢ
ˢˠ˧ˢ˧ˮ˦˩˚˪˞ˠ˦˞˲˱˹ˡˬ˴ˢ˜˞˧˞˦˭ˬ˱˚
˧ˬ˪˱˙˰ˢ˭ˤˠ˚˯˥ˢˮ˩˹˱ˤ˱˞˯ ˭˴
˥ˢˮ˩˙˰˱ˮˢ˯˛ ˥ˢˮ˩ˬ˰˜˳˶˪ˢ˯
ʿ˨˨˙ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˴˞˨˞˰˩˚˪ˤˢ˫˙˱˩˦˰ˤ
˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˧˞˦˱ˬ˧˞˭˙˧˦˱ˬ˲
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
ˈˬ˱˰˙ˮˢ˱ˢ˱˦˯ˮ˲˩ˬ˺˨˧ˢ˯˧˞˦˱˞
˭ˮˬ˰˞ˮ˱ˬ˺˩ˢ˪˞˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱˞
˰˺˩˳˶˪˞˩ˢ˱˦˯˭ˮˬˡ˦˞ˠˮ˞˳˚˯˅
˰˲˩˭ˢˮ˦˳ˬˮ˙˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯
˰˱ˤ˪ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤˤ˦˧˞˪˹˱ˤ˱˞ˠ˦˞
˰˱ˮ˜˵˦˩ˬ˧˞˦˳ˮˢ˪˙ˮ˦˰˩˞˧˞˦ˤ
˰˲˩˭ˢˮ˦˳ˬˮ˙˰ˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ
˞˪˞˱ˮˬ˭˛˯ˢ˭ˤˮˢ˙ˣˬ˪˱˞˦˞˭˹
˭ˮˬ˰˞ˮ˱ˬ˺˩ˢ˪˞˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱˞
ˮ˲˩ˬ˺˨˧ˢ˯˭ˮ˹˰˥ˢ˱˞˟˙ˮˤ˧˞˥˻˯
˧˞˦˹˱˞˪ˬ˦ˡ˦˞˱˙˫ˢ˦˯˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯
˴˨˹ˤ˯ˢ˜˪˞˦ˠˢ˩˙˱ˢ˯
background
ˍˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˴˨ˬˬ˧ˬ˭˱˦˧˹˱ˮ˞˧˱˚ˮ ˃˨˨ˤ˪˦˧˙

ˈ˞˱˙˱ˤ˪ˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞˩ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˈ˞˱˙˱˦˯ˢˮˠ˞˰˜ˢ˯˩ˢ˛˰˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˳ˬˮ˙˱ˢ˞˪˙˨ˬˠˤ
ˢ˪ˡ˲˩˞˰˜˞˭˴˲˭ˬˡ˛˩˞˱˞
˞˰˳˞˨ˢ˜˞˯˩˞˧ˮ˦˙˭˞˪˱ˢ˨˹˪˦˞
ˢ˳˞ˮ˩ˬ˰˱˙ˮˬ˺˴˞˭ˮˬ˰˱˞˱ˢ˲˱˦˧˙
˩˞˱ˬˠ˲˙˨˦˞˧˞˦˶˱ˬ˞˰˭˜ˡˢ˯
˃ˮˠ˞˰˜ˢ˯˴˶ˮ˜˯˶˱ˬ˞˰˭˜ˡˢ˯
˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞ˬˡˤˠ˛˰ˬ˲˪˰ˢ˞˭˻˨ˢ˦˞
˱ˤ˯˞˧ˬ˛˯
ˆ˚˱ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˰ˢ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞
˩˹˪ˬ˹˱˞˪˞˲˱˹˟ˮ˜˰˧ˢ˱˞˦˰ˢ˙ˮ˦˰˱ˤ
˱ˢ˴˪˦˧˛˧˞˱˙˰˱˞˰ˤ
ˊˤ˪˞˨˨˙ˣˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚˱˦˯
ˢˮˠˬ˰˱˞˰˦˞˧˙˭ˮˬˮ˲˥˩˦˰˩˚˪ˢ˯
ˮ˲˥˩˜˰ˢ˦˯˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˊˤˠˢ˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˩ˢ
˧˞˺˰˦˩˞ˢ˪˹˰˶ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
˟ˮ˜˰˧ˢ˱˞˦˰ˢ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˛ˢ˜˪˞˦
˭ˬ˨˺ˣˢ˰˱˹˯ˁˢ˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˩ˢ˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˩˹˪ˬ˰˱ˤ˪
˺˭˞˦˥ˮˬ
ʿ˭ˬ˳ˢ˺ˠˢ˱ˢ˞˪ˬ˦˴˱˚˯ˢ˰˱˜ˢ˯
˳˶˱˦˙˯˧˞˥˻˯˧˞˦˱ˬ˰˴ˤ˩˞˱˦˰˩˹
˰˭˦˪˥˛ˮ˶˪˧˞˦˩ˤ˪˧˞˭˪˜ˣˢ˱ˢ
ˀˢ˟˞˦˻˪ˢ˰˱ˢ˰˲˪ˢ˴˻˯˹˱˦ˡˢ˪
˲˭˙ˮ˴ˬ˲˪˙˱ˬ˩˞˧˲ˮ˜˶˯˭˞˦ˡ˦˙
ˬ˺˱ˢˣ˻˞˰˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛ˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞˯
˃˫ˢ˱˙ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛˰˱ˤ˪ˬ˭ˬ˜˞
˭ˮ˹˧ˢ˦˱˞˦˪˞˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˧˞˦˞˭ˬ˩˞˧ˮ˺˪ˢ˱ˢ˹˨˞
˱˞˞˪˱˦˧ˢ˜˩ˢ˪˞˱˞ˬ˭ˬ˜˞˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞
˭˦˞˰˱ˬ˺˪˰˞˲˱˹˧˞˦˪˞
ˢ˧˱˦˪˞˴˱ˬ˺˪˭ˮˬ˯˧˙˥ˢ
˧˞˱ˢ˺˥˲˪˰ˤʸ˱˰˦˞˭ˬ˳ˢ˺ˠˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ
˥˚˰ˤ˰ˢ˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˞˱˹˩˶˪˧˞˥˻˯˧˞˦
ˣˤ˩˦˚˯˰˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˊˤ˪˧ˬ˲ˮˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˰ˢ˞˭˹˱ˬ˩˞˭ˮ˞˪˛
˩ˢ˧˨˜˰ˤ˩ˢˠ˞˨˺˱ˢˮˤ˞˭˹
˅ˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞˰ˢ˭ˮ˞˪˛ˢ˜˪˞˦
ˢ˭˦˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˤ˧˞˦˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˩˭ˬˮˢ˜
˪˞˞˪˞˱ˮ˞˭ˢ˜˛˪˞ˠ˨˦˰˱ˮ˛˰ˢ˦ːˢ
˭ˮ˞˪˛˫ˢ˧˦˪˙˱ˢ˧˞˦˳ˮˢ˪˙ˮˢ˱ˢ
˭˙˪˱ˬ˱ˢ˧˞˱˙˱ˬˡ˲˪˞˱˹˪˩˞˨˞˧˙
˰˱ˤ˪˧˞˱ˤ˳˹ˮ˞ˡ˦˞˱ˤˮˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˤˣˢ˺˫ˤ
˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˢ˦˶˱˛ˮ˞
˰˱ˮˬ˳˻˪˧˞˦ˬˡˤˠˢ˜˱ˢ˞ˮˠ˙ˊˤ˪
ˬˡˤˠˢ˜˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚ˢˠ˧˙ˮ˰˦˞˰˱ˬ
˭ˮ˞˪˚˯˞˨˨˙˭˙˪˱ˬ˱ˢ˩ˢ
˧˞˱ˢ˺˥˲˪˰ˤ˭ˮˬ˯˱˞ˢ˭˙˪˶˛˭ˮˬ˯
˱˞˧˙˱˶
˂ˬ˲˨ˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˩˹˪ˬ˩ˢ
˱ˬ˳˶˯˱ˤ˯ˤ˩˚ˮ˞˯˛˩ˢˢ˭˞ˮ˧˛
˱ˢ˴˪ˤ˱˹˳˶˱˦˰˩˹
ˑˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˡˢ˪˚˴ˢ˦ˢˠ˧ˮ˦˥ˢ˜ˠ˦˞
˱ˤ˩ˢ˱˞˳ˬˮ˙˭ˮˬ˰˻˭˶˪ˊˤ˪
˭˞˜ˮ˪ˢ˱ˢ˩˞ˣ˜˰˞˯˰˲˪ˬˡˤˠ˹
ˎˮ˦˪˞˭˹˹˨ˢ˯˱˦˯ˢˮˠ˞˰˜ˢ˯˰˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˎˮˬ˰˱˞˱ˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪ˢ˞˲˱˹˰˞˯˞˭˹
˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺˯ˎˮ˦˪˞˭˹˹˨ˢ˯˱˦˯
ˢˮˠ˞˰˜ˢ˯˰˞˲˱˹˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ː˟˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˀˠ˙˨˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˱ˤ˯˩˜ˣ˞˯
ːˤ˧˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ
ˎˢˮ˦˩˚˪ˢ˱ˢ˩˚˴ˮ˦˪˞
˞˧˦˪ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˥ˬ˺˪˭˨˛ˮ˶˯˹˨˞˱˞
˧˦˪ˬ˺˩ˢ˪˞˩˚ˮˤˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞˚˴ˢ˦˧ˮ˲˻˰ˢ˦
ˑˮ˞˟˛˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ˞˭˹
˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜ˬ˺˱˶˯˻˰˱ˢ˪˞˩ˤ˪
ˢ˜˪˞˦ˡ˲˪˞˱˛ˤ˞˥˚˨ˤ˱ˤˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ
˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˊˢ˱˙˞˭˹˱ˤ˪ˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞˩ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
˃ˠ˧˞˱˞˨ˢ˜˭ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˩˹˪ˬ
˞˳ˬ˺˚˴ˢ˱ˢ˥˚˰ˢ˦˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˢ˧˱˹˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯˚˴ˢ˱ˢ˰ˤ˧˻˰ˢ˦˱ˬ
˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ˧˞˦˞˳˞˦ˮ˚˰ˢ˦˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜
˱ˤ˯˩˜ˣ˞˯
ː˲˰˱˛˩˞˱˞˞˰˳˞˨ˢ˜˞˯
ˑ˞˰˲˰˱˛˩˞˱˞˞˰˳˞˨ˢ˜˞˯
˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˢ˺ˬ˲˪˰˱ˤ˪˞˰˳˙˨ˢ˦˙˰˞˯
˧˞˦˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦˭˙˪˱ˬ˱ˢ
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˦˧˙
˂ˢ˪ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱˞˦˪˞˧˙˪ˢ˱ˢ˧˞˩˜˞
˞˨˨˞ˠ˛˰˱˞˰˲˰˱˛˩˞˱˞˞˰˳˞˨ˢ˜˞˯
ˬ˺˱ˢ˪˞˞ˠ˪ˬˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˤ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˱ˬ˲˯
ː˲˰˱˛˩˞˱˞˞˰˳˞˨ˢ˜˞˯ˢ˜˪˞˦˱˞ˢ˫˛˯
˂˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
ˈ˨˞˭˚˱ˬˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲ˈ˨ˢ˜˥ˮˬ
˧˙˨˲˵ˤ˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
˃˦˧˹˪˞
ʿ˲˱˙˱˞˩˚ˮˤ˰˙˯˭ˮˬ˰˱˞˱ˢ˺ˬ˲˪
˞˭˹˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺˯˞˭˹˱ˤ˨ˢ˭˜ˡ˞
˧ˬ˭˛˯˛˞˭˹˰˧˨ˤˮ˙˞˪˱˦˧ˢ˜˩ˢ˪˞
˭ˬ˲ˢ˧˱˦˪˙˰˰ˬ˪˱˞˦˭ˮˬ˯˱˞˚˫˶ˑˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱˞˦˪˞
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠˢ˜˩˹˪ˬ˩ˢ˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱ˤ˩˚˪ˤ˱ˤ
ˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯D˰ˢ
˰˲˪ˡ˲˞˰˩˹˩ˢ˱ˬ˧˞˪˙˨˦ˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲E
˛˱ˬ˧˨˞˭˚˱ˬˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲F˛˱ˬ
˧˨ˢ˜˥ˮˬ˧˙˨˲˵ˤ˯˴˨˹ˤ˯G
ː˺˰˱ˤ˩˞˞˰˳˙˨˦˰ˤ˯
ˈ˞˥˦˰˱˙ˡ˲˪˞˱˛˱ˤ˪ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˩˹˪ˬ˪˹˱˞˪
ˬˬˡˤˠ˹˯˧˞˥˜˰ˢ˦˰˱ˬ˧˙˥˦˰˩˞
˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯
˚˴ˢ˦˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˥ˢ˜˱ˬ
˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ
ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹˯˧˞˱ˢ˺˥˲˪˰ˤ˯ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯
˟ˮ˜˰˧ˢ˱˞˦˰˱ˬರˋರ
˚˴ˢ˦˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱ˤ˥ˢ˜˱ˬ˧˨˞˭˚˱ˬ
ˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˜˥ˮˬ˧˙˨˲˵ˤ˯
˴˨˹ˤ˯˛˱ˬ˧˞˪˙˨˦ˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲
ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˯˧ˬ˭˛˯˚˴ˢ˦˱ˢ˥ˢ˜
ˢ˧˱˹˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
ˑˬ˰˺˰˱ˤ˩˞˞˰˳˙˨˦˰ˤ˯˥˚˱ˢ˦
˱ˬ˪ ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞ˢ˧˱˹˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
˩˹˨˦˯ˬ ˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˱˛˯ˢˠ˧˞˱˞˨ˢ˜˵ˢ˦˱ˬ
˧˙˥˦˰˩˞˱ˬ˲ˬˡˤˠˬ˺˴˶ˮ˜˯
˪˞ ˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˥ˢ˜˱ˬ˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ
˧˞˦˞˭ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˥ˢ˜ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˯
˧ˬ˭˛˯
ˑˬ˰˺˰˱ˤ˩˞˞˰˳˙˨˦˰ˤ˯ˢ˩˭ˬˡ˜ˣˢ˦
˱ˬ˧ˬ˺ˮˢ˩˞˴˶ˮ˜˯˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦
˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱ˤ˩˚˪ˤˤˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯
˴˨˹ˤ˯˞˲˱˹˩˞˱ˤ˥˚˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˢ˧˱˹˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
ːˢ˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱˞˴˶ˮ˜˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞
2&5˛˞˪˱˜˰˱ˬ˦˴˞˩ˢ
˞˭ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˩˚˪ˤ˱ˤ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞
2&5˱ˬ˰˺˰˱ˤ˩˞˞˰˳˙˨˦˰ˤ˯
ˢ˩˭ˬˡ˜ˣˢ˦˱ˤ˪ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˩ˢ˱ˤ˪
˹˭˦˰˥ˢ˪˩ˢˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˩˚˪ˬ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˧ˬ˭˛˯˞˲˱˹˩˞˱ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
ˢ˧˱˹˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˁ˦˞˲˱˹˭ˮˬ˱ˬ˺ˬˡˤˠ˛˰ˢ˱ˢ˩ˢ˱ˤ˪
˹˭˦˰˥ˢ˪˥˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹
˧ˬ˭˛˯ˢ˧˱˹˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
ː˺˩˟ˬ˨˞˰˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ː˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˥˞˟ˮˢ˜˱ˢˡ˦˙˳ˬˮ˞
˞˲˱ˬ˧˹˨˨ˤ˱˞˰˺˩˟ˬ˨˞ʿ˧ˬ˨ˬ˲˥ˢ˜
ˢ˭ˢ˫˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˱˶˪˰˲˩˟˹˨˶˪
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛ˎˮ˦˪˱ˤ
˥˚˰ˤ˰ˢ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞
ˡ˦˞˟˙˰˱ˢ˱˦˯ˬˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯
˴ˮ˛˰ˤ˯
background
˃˨˨ˤ˪˦˧˙ ˍˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˴˨ˬˬ˧ˬ˭˱˦˧˹˱ˮ˞˧˱˚ˮ

ˈˮ˞˱˙˱ˢ˱ˮ˜˱ˬ˲˯
˩˞˧ˮ˦˙˞˭˹˱ˤ˪
ˢ˭˦˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˤ˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺˞˭˹
˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮˢ˳˹˩ˢ˪ˢ˯
˨ˢ˭˜ˡˢ˯˛˞˭˹
˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮˢ˳˹˩ˢ˪˞
˩˚ˮˤ
˅ˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞˰ˢ
˞˭˹˱ˬ˩˞˭ˮ˞˪˛
˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦
ˢ˭˦˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˤ
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺˞˭˹
ˢ˧˱˦˪˞˰˰˹˩ˢ˪ˤ˴˨˹ˤ˛
˰˧˨ˤˮ˙˞˪˱˦˧ˢ˜˩ˢ˪˞
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
˚˧ˮˤ˫ˤ˯
ˍ˫˺˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯
˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯ˢˠ˧˞˲˩˙˱˶˪
ʻ˱˞˪˞˪ˢ˟˞˜˪ˢ˱ˢ˧˞˦
˧˞˱ˢ˟˞˜˪ˢ˱ˢ˩ˤ˪
˭˞˱˛˰ˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚˰˱ˬ˪
˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˧ˬ˭˛˯
ˎˮ˦˪˞˭˹ˢˮˠ˞˰˜ˢ˯
˰˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹
˧ˬ˭˛˯˱ˮ˞˟˙˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩˭ˬ˲ˣˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ˞˭˹
˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
ˈˮ˞˱˙˱ˢ˱˞ˡ˙˴˱˲˨˞
˱˶˪˴ˢˮ˦˻˪˧˞˦˱˞
˭˹ˡ˦˞˩˞˧ˮ˦˙˞˭˹˱˞
ˢˮˠ˞˨ˢ˜˞˧ˬ˭˛˯ˎˮ˦˪
˱ˤˮ˺˥˩˦˰ˤ˛˱ˬ˪
˧˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˱ˬ˲
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ˍ˦˭˞˨˦˚˯˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜ˢ˯
ˡˢ˪ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱˞˦˪˞
˞˭ˬˮˮ˜˭˱ˬ˪˱˞˦˰˱˞
ˬ˦˧˦˞˧˙˞˭ˬˮˮ˜˩˩˞˱˞
ˎˮ˦˪˱ˬ˙ˡˢ˦˞˰˩˞˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯
˞˭ˬ˰˲˪˞ˮ˩ˬ˨ˬˠˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˤ˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞
ˑˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱˞˦˪˞
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠˢ˜˩˹˪ˬ˩ˢ˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱ˤ˩˚˪ˤ˱ˤ
ˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯˰ˢ
˰˲˪ˡ˲˞˰˩˹˩ˢ˱ˬ˧˞˪˙˨˦ˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲˱ˬ
˧˨˞˭˚˱ˬˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲˛˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˜˥ˮˬ
˧˙˨˲˵ˤ˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
ʿ˲˱˙˱˞˰˺˩˟ˬ˨˞˰˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦˭˙˪˱˞
ˢ˲˞˪˙ˠ˪˶˰˱˞
ʿ˪˱˦˧˞˥˦˰˱˙˱ˢ˱˞˧˞˱ˢ˰˱ˮ˞˩˩˚˪˞˛
˩ˤˢ˲˞˪˙ˠ˪˶˰˱˞˭˨˚ˬ˪˰˺˩˟ˬ˨˞
ː˺˩˟ˬ˨˞˰˱˦˯˭˞ˮˬ˺˰ˢ˯
ˬˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯
ː˞˲˱˹˱ˬˢˠ˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˡ˦ˬ
˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˬ˺˪˱˞˦˱˞˞˧˹˨ˬ˲˥˞
˰˺˩˟ˬ˨˞
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
˃˳˦˰˱˙˱˞˦ˤ˭ˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛˰˞˯˰ˢ
˧˦˪ˡ˺˪ˬ˲˯ˬ˦ˬ˭ˬ˜ˬ˦˰˴ˢ˱˜ˣˬ˪˱˞˦˩ˢ
˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˦ˠˮ˞˳˹˩ˢ˪ˤˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞˧˞˱˙
˱ˤ˪ˬ˭ˬ˜˞˲˭˙ˮ˴ˢ˦˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯ˠ˦˞˱˞
˭ˮ˹˰˶˭˞
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
˃˳˦˰˱˙˱˞˦ˤ˭ˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛˰˞˯˰ˢ
˧˦˪ˡ˺˪ˬ˲˯ˬ˦ˬ˭ˬ˜ˬ˦˰˴ˢ˱˜ˣˬ˪˱˞˦˩ˢ
˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˦ˠˮ˞˳˹˩ˢ˪ˤˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞˧˞˱˙
˱ˤ˪ˬ˭ˬ˜˞˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˪˪˞˭ˮˬ˧˨ˤ˥ˬ˺˪
˲˨˦˧˚˯ˣˤ˩˦˚˯
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
˃˭˦˰ˤ˩˞˜˪ˢ˦˰ˤ˩˞˪˱˦˧˚˯
˭˨ˤˮˬ˳ˬˮ˜ˢ˯˧˞˦˰˲˩˟ˬ˲˨˚˯
ˢ˳˞ˮ˩ˬˠ˛˯
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ˞˭˹ˮˮ˦˵ˤ˯
ʿ˭ˬˮˮ˜˭˱ˢ˱ˢ˱˞˧˞˱˙˨ˬ˦˭˞˱ˤ˯
˰˲˰˧ˢ˲˞˰˜˞˯˱˞˭˞˨˦˙
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱˞˧˱˨˰˺˩˳˶˪˞˩ˢ˱˦˯
˱ˬ˭˦˧˚˯˭ˮˬˡ˦˞ˠˮ˞˳˚˯
˃˪ˡˢ˜˫ˢ˦˯˥˚˰ˢ˶˪
ʻ˱˞˪˞˪˞˳ˢˮ˹˩˞˰˱ˢ˰ˢ˥˚˰ˢ˦˯˰˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˭ ˴˞ˮ˦˰˱ˢˮ˙ˡˢ˫˦˙
˭˞˜ˮ˪ˬ˲˩ˢ˭˙˪˱ˬ˱ˢ˰˞˪˟˙˰ˤ˱ˤ˪
˧˞˱ˢ˺˥˲˪˰ˤˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞˯˱ˬ˲
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯˞˭˹˱ˤ˥˚˰ˤ˱ˬ˲
˧˞˥˛˩ˢ˪ˬ˲ˬˡˤˠˬ˺
ː˲˪˞ˮ˩ˬ˨˹ˠˤ˰ˤ
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˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˛ ˶˯ˢ˭˦˰˲˪˞˭˱˹˩ˢ˪ˬ
˳˺˨˨ˬ˰˙˯ˡˢ˜˴˪ˬ˲˩ˢ˩ˢˢ˦˧˹˪ˢ˯
˭˻˯˥˞˰˲˪˞ˮ˩ˬ˨ˬˠ˛˰ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
˅ˠˮ˞˳˦˧˛˭˞ˮ˙˰˱˞˰ˤ˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞
ˡ˦˞˳˚ˮˢ˦˰ˢ˨ˢ˭˱ˬ˩˚ˮˢ˦ˢ˯˞˭˹˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˭ˬ˲˞ˠˬˮ˙˰˞˱ˢ
ˆ˚˰ˤ˱ˤ˯˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯˰ˢ
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯ˡˤ˨ˤ˱ˤˮ˜˞˰ˤ˯˧˞˦
˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺˞˭˹˱˞ˬ˫˚˞˱ˤ˯
˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯
˓ˬˮ˙˱ˢ˭ˮˬ˰˱˞˱ˢ˲˱˦˧˙ˠ˲˞˨˦˙˧˞˦
˭ˮˬ˰˱˞˱ˢ˲˱˦˧˙ˠ˙˪˱˦˞ʿ˭ˬ˳ˢ˺ˠˢ˱ˢ
˱ˤ˪ˢ˭˞˳˛˱ˬ˲ˡ˚ˮ˩˞˱ˬ˯˩ˢ˱˞ˬ˫˚˞
˱ˤ˯˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯
ʿ˪ˬ˫˚˞˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯˧˞˱˞˨˛˫ˬ˲˪˰˱ˬ
˭ˮ˹˰˶˭ˬ˛˰˱˞˩˙˱˦˞˱˞˰ˤ˩ˢ˜˞
˞˲˱˙˥˞˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞˫ˢ˭˨˲˥ˬ˺˪
˞˩˚˰˶˯˩ˢ˧ˮ˺ˬ˪ˢˮ˹˧˞˦˪˞
˞˪˞ˣˤ˱ˤ˥ˢ˜˦˞˱ˮ˦˧˛˰˲˩˟ˬ˲˨˛
ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲˧˞˱˞˭˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˧˞˱˙
˨˙˥ˬ˯ˬ˫˚˞˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯˭˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˭ˬ˨˺
˪ˢˮ˹˧˞˦ˣˤ˱˛˰˱ˢ˞˩˚˰˶˯˦˞˱ˮ˦˧˛
˰˲˩˟ˬ˲˨˛
ʿ˭ˬ˥ˤ˧ˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˱˦˯˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜ˢ˯˰ˢ˩˚ˮˤ
˞˭ˮ˹˰˦˱˞ˠ˦˞˱˞˭˞˦ˡ˦˙
ˎˬ˱˚˩ˤˠ˚ˮ˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞ˡ˦˹˱˦
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ˍˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˴˨ˬˬ˧ˬ˭˱˦˧˹˱ˮ˞˧˱˚ˮ ˃˨˨ˤ˪˦˧˙

˂˜˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˭ˢˮ˜˰˰˦ˬˬ˫˺˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯
˭˜˰˶˰˱ˬ˧˞˱˙˰˱ˤ˩˞˞˭˹˭ˬ˲
˞ˠˬˮ˙˰˞˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˛˰ˢ˩˜˞
ˢ˭˦˴ˢ˜ˮˤ˰ˤ˞˭˹ˮˮ˦˵ˤ˯
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˭˲ˮ˧˞ˠ˦˙˯˚˧ˮˤ˫ˤ˯˧˞˦
ˡ˦˙˟ˮ˶˰ˤ˯˞˭˹˱˞ˬ˫˚˞˧˞˦˱˞
˞˚ˮ˦˞ˬ˫˚˶˪˱ˤ˯˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˞˩˚˰˶˯˱˞˩˚ˮˤ˱ˬ˲
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯˱˞ˬ˭ˬ˜˞˚˴ˢ˦
˭˦˱˰˦˨˜˰ˢ˦˱ˬˬ˫˺˱ˤ˯˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯ˑˬ
ˬ˫˺˱ˤ˯˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯ˡˮ˞ˡ˦˞˟ˮ˶˱˦˧˙
ˊˤ˪˧˞˭˪˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˧ˮ˞˱˙˱ˢ˩˞˧ˮ˦˙
˞˪˱˦˧ˢ˜˩ˢ˪˞˭ˬ˲˧˞˜˪ˢ˧˞˦ˢ˜˪˞˦
˭ˬ˨˺ˣˢ˰˱˙
˓ˬˮ˱˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱˦˯˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜ˢ˯˩˹˪ˬ˰ˢ
˧˞˨˙˞ˢˮ˦ˣ˹˩ˢ˪ˬ˲˯˧˞˦˫ˤˮˬ˺˯
˴˻ˮˬ˲˯
ˎ˦˥˞˪˹˟ˮ˞˴˲˧˺˧˨˶˩˞˧˞˱˙˱˦˯
ˢˮˠ˞˰˜ˢ˯˰˱ˤ˪˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞
ˊˤ˪˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱ˢ˜˱ˢˢˮˠ˞˨ˢ˜˞˛
˩ˢ˱˞˨˨˦˧˙˞˪˱˦˧ˢ˜˩ˢ˪˞ˢ˭˙˪˶˰˱ˤ
˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞
ˑˤˮˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˤ˰ˢ˦ˮ˙˱ˬ˭ˬ˥˚˱ˤ˰ˤ˯
˰˲˪˞ˮ˩ˬ˨˹ˠˤ˰ˤ˯˧˞˱˙˱ˤ˰˺˪ˡˢ˰ˤ
˧˞˦˞˭ˬ˰˺˪ˡˢ˰ˤ˱ˤ˯˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯
ʿ˭ˬ˰˺˪ˡˢ˰ˤ
ʿ˭ˬ˰˲˪ˡ˚˰˱ˢ˭ˮ˻˱˞˱ˬ˩˞˺ˮˬದ
˧˞˦˩ˢ˱˙˱ˬ˧˹˧˧˦˪ˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ
ː˺˪ˡˢ˰ˤ
ː˲˪ˡ˚˰˱ˢ˭ˮ˻˱˞˱ˬ˧˹˧˧˦˪ˬ
˧˞˦˩ˢ˱˙˱ˬ˩˞˺ˮˬದ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ
˅˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞ˢ˜˪˞˦ˠˢ˩˦˰˩˚˪ˤ˩ˢˬ˫˺
˧˞˦˰˳ˮ˞ˠ˦˰˩˚˪ˤ˞˭˹˱ˬ
ˢˮˠˬ˰˱˙˰˦ˬʿ˧˹˩ˤ˹˩˶˯˧˞˦˩˜˞
˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞m˭ˬ˲ˡˢ˴ˮˢ˦˙ˣˢ˱˞˦
˰˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ}˞˭˞˦˱ˢ˜˧˙˭ˬ˦ˬ˲
ˢ˜ˡˬ˲˯˰˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˻˰˱ˢ˪˞
ˡ˦˞˰˳˞˨˜ˣˢ˱˞˦˰˲ˠ˧ˢ˧ˮ˦˩˚˪ˤ
ˡ˦˙ˮ˧ˢ˦˞ˣ˶˛˯
˂˦˞˱ˤˮˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˤ˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˧˞˥˞ˮ˛
ʿ˭ˬ˳ˢ˺ˠˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˧˨˜˰ˤ˱ˤ˯
˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯ʿ˧˹˩ˤ˧˞˦˞˭˹˩˜˞
m˰˳ˮ˞ˠ˦˰˩˚˪ˤ}˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞ˢ˧ˮ˚ˢ˦
ˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮˬ˨˺˱ˤ˯˹˱˞˪˞˲˱˛˟ˮˢ˥ˢ˜
˰ˢ˧ˢ˧˨˦˩˚˪ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
ˎˮ˦˪˱ˤ˪˞ˮ˴˦˧˛˥˚˰ˤ˰ˢ
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˳ˬˮ˱˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ
˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˩ˢ˳ˬˮ˱˦˰˱˛˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯
˩˚ˠ˦˰˱ˬˮˢ˺˩˞˳˹ˮ˱˦˰ˤ˯ 9ROW
$PSHUHˠ˦˞˚˶˯ ˻ˮˢ˯
ˊˢ˱˙˱ˤ˳˹ˮ˱˦˰ˤ˟ˠ˙˨˱ˢ˭ˮ˻˱˞
˱ˬ˳˦˯˱ˬ˲˳ˬˮ˱˦˰˱˛˞˭˹˱ˤ˪
˭ˮ˜ˣ˞˧˞˦˩ˢ˱˙˞˭ˬ˰˲˪ˡ˚˰˱ˢ˱ˤ
˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˟˨ˢ˭˜˰ˤ˯ˍˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯
˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˱ˬ˲˳ˬˮ˱˦˰˱˛
ˑˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˙˰˞˯˩ˢ˩˦˞
˩˞˱˦˙
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛˄ˤ˩˦˚˯˰˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
˃ˡ˻˭ˢˮ˦ˠˮ˙˳ˬ˪˱˞˦˭ˮˬ˧˞˱˞ˮ˧˱˦˧˙
ˬ˦˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜ˢ˯˱˶˪˰˱ˬ˦˴ˢ˜˶˪
˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˧˞˦ˢ˪ˡˢ˜˫ˢ˶˪ˊˤ˪
ˢ˧˱ˢ˨˚˰ˢ˱ˢ˞˧˹˩˞˧˞˩˜˞˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞
˃˦˧˹˪˞
ˊˬ˴˨˹˯ˠ˦˞˟˞˥˩˜ˡˢ˯˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞˯
˓ˮ˚˪ˬ˞˧˦˪ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ˯
ˑ˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞˃˦˧˹˪˞D
˔˞˩ˤ˨˛˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞
ˊˬ˴˨˹˯˰˱ˬರರ
ˊˢˠ˙˨ˤ˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞
ˊˬ˴˨˹˯˰˱ˬರರ˛ರರ
˭ˮˬ˞˦ˮˢ˱˦˧˙
ʿ˺˫ˤ˰ˤ˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞˯
ʿ˨˨˙˫˱ˢ˱˦˯˟˞˥˩˜ˡˢ˯
ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯˴˶ˮ˜˯˪˞˭˞˱˛˰ˢ˱ˢ
˱ˬ˭ˢ˪˱˙˨ˣˢ˺˫ˤ˯˳ˮ˚˪ˬ˲
ˊˢ˜˶˰ˤ˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞˯
ʿ˨˨˙˫˱ˢ˱˦˯˟˞˥˩˜ˡˢ˯
ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯˭˞˱˻˪˱˞˯˧˞˱˙˱ˬ
˛˩˦˰˲˱ˬ˭ˢ˪˱˙˨ˣˢ˺˫ˤ˯
˳ˮ˚˪ˬ˲
˓ˮ˚˪ˬ˞˧˦˪ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ˯
˃˦˧˹˪˞E
˃˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲
˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ˲
ˎ˞˱˛˰˱ˢ˩˚˴ˮ˦˱ˬ˱˚ˮ˩˞˱ˬ
˭ˢ˪˱˙˨˰˲˩˭˨˚˧˱ˤ˭ˢ˪˱˙˨
˳ˮ˚˪ˬ˲˶˥˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˩ˬ˴˨˹ˠ˦˞
˱ˤ˟˞˥˩˜ˡ˞˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞˯˰˱ˬ
ʿ˭ˢ˩˭˨ˬ˧˛˱ˬ˲˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ˲
ˎ˞˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˭ˢ˪˱˙˨˰˲˩˭˨˚˧˱ˤ
˳ˮ˚˪ˬ˲˩˚˴ˮ˦˱ˬ˱˚ˮ˩˞˳˚ˮ˱ˢ
˱ˬ˪˩ˬ˴˨˹˰ˢ˩˦˞˟˞˥˩˜ˡ˞
˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞˯
ˎˢ˪˱˙˨ˣˢ˺˫ˤ˯˳ˮ˚˪ˬ˲
˄ˢ˺˫ˤ
ˎ˞˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˭ˢ˪˱˙˨
˧˞˱˙˱ˬ˛˩˦˰˲
ˎ˚ˡˤ˰ˤ
ˎ˞˱˛˰˱ˢ˱˚ˮ˩˞˱ˬ
˭ˢ˪˱˙˨
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
˔ˮˤ˰˦˩ˢ˺ˢ˦ˢ˭˜˰ˤ˯ˠ˦˞˱ˤ˪
ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ
˞˭ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲
˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ˲
ˊˬ˴˨˹˯ˮ˺˥˩˦˰ˤ˯˱ˬ˲˺˵ˬ˲˯
˧ˬ˭˛˯
ˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹˱˦˯
ˡ˦˙˳ˬˮˢ˯˟˞˥˩˜ˡˢ˯˺˵ˬ˲˯
˧ˬ˭˛˯˚˶˯˱ˬ˭ˬ˨˺ದ
˞˪˙˨ˬˠ˞˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˪˱˚˨ˬ
ˀ˞˥˩˜ˡ˞ ˃˨˙˴˦˰˱ˬ˺˵ˬ˯
˧ˬ˭˛˯ದ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˯˧ˬ˭˛˯
˱˚ˮ˩˞˧˙˱˶
ˀ˞˥˩˜ˡ˞ ˊ˚ˠ˦˰˱ˬ˺˵ˬ˯
˧ˬ˭˛˯ದ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˯˧ˬ˭˛˯
˱˚ˮ˩˞˭˙˪˶
ʿ˪˙˨ˬˠ˞˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˪˱˚˨ˬˍ
˩˚ˠ˦˰˱ˬ˯˞ˮ˦˥˩˹˯˞˪˱˦˰˱ˬ˦˴ˢ˜
˰˱ˬ˩˚ˠ˦˰˱ˬ˺˵ˬ˯˧ˬ˭˛˯
ʸ˪ˡˢ˦˫ˤ˭ˢˮ˦ˢ˴ˬ˩˚˪ˬ˲
ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
˞˪˙˨ˬˠ˞˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˪˱˚˨ˬ
˂ˢ˜˴˪ˢ˦˰˱ˬ˭˞ˮ˙˥˲ˮˬ
˭˞ˮ˞˧ˬ˨ˬ˺˥ˤ˰ˤ˯˱ˤ˰˱˙˥˩ˤ
˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯˱ˬ˲ˡˬ˴ˢ˜ˬ˲
˧˞˲˰˜˩˶˪˃˦˧˹˪˞
ˊˬ˴˨˹˯˞˨˨˞ˠ˛˯˧˞˱ˢ˺˥˲˪˰ˤ˯
ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯
ˍ˦ˮ˲˥˩˜˰ˢ˦˯ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱˞˦˪˞
ˠ˜˪ˬ˪˱˞˦˩˹˪ˬ˰ˢ
˞˧˦˪ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˩˚˪ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˁ˦˞
˱ˬ˪˰˧ˬ˭˹˞˲˱˹˭˞˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ
˭ˢ˪˱˙˨˳ˮ˚˪ˬ˲˩˚˴ˮ˦˱ˬ˱˚ˮ˩˞
˧˞˦˧ˮ˞˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˭˞˱ˤ˩˚˪ˬ
ˈ˞˱ˢ˺˥˲˪˰ˤ˭ˮˬ˯˱˞ˢ˩˭ˮ˹˯ 
ˊˬ˴˨˹˯˰˱ˬರ)
ˏˢ˨˞˪˱˜ ˊˬ˴˨˹˯˰˱ˬರ1ರ
ˈ˞˱ˢ˺˥˲˪˰ˤ˭ˮˬ˯˱˞˭˜˰˶
˹˭˦˰˥ˢ˪ ˊˬ˴˨˹˯˰˱ˬರ5
ˊˬ˴˨˹˯372
ˊˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹372ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˯
˧ˬ˭˛˯˱˜˥ˢ˱˞˦˰ˢ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˧˞˦
ˢ˧˱˹˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˧˙
ʿ˭ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩ˬ˺
˧ˬ˭˛˯
ˎ˦˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹˚˫˶˞˭˹˱ˤ˪
ˢˠ˧ˬ˭˛˧˞˦˱ˮ˞˟˛˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˱˚ˮ˩˞
˭˜˰˶
˃˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩ˬ˺
˧ˬ˭˛˯
ˎ˦˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹˞ˮˠ˙˭ˮˬ˯˱˞
ˢ˩˭ˮ˹˯˧˞˦˧ˬ˲˩˭˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪
˰˱ˤ˪ˢˠ˧ˬ˭˛
background
˃˨˨ˤ˪˦˧˙ ˍˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˴˨ˬˬ˧ˬ˭˱˦˧˹˱ˮ˞˧˱˚ˮ

7
ˊ˜ˣ˞˞˪˙˨ˬˠ˞˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˪˱˚˨ˬ
ˊ˜ˣ˞
˃˦˧˹˪˞D
˃˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤˁ˲ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜
˭ˮˬ˯˱˞ˡˢ˫˦˙ ˩˚˴ˮ˦˪˞
˞˪˙˵ˢ˦ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˧˞˱˹˭˦˪
˞˳˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬˢ˨ˢ˺˥ˢˮˬˑˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜
˟ˮ˜˰˧ˢ˱˞˦˰˱ˬ
ː˱˞˩˙˱ˤ˩˞ˁ˲ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜
˭ˮˬ˯˱˞˞ˮ˦˰˱ˢˮ˙˰˱ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
ˊ˜ˣ˞˩ˢ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞2&5
˞˪˙˨ˬˠ˞˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˪˱˚˨ˬ
˃˦˧˹˪˞E
ʿ˲˱˛ˤ˩˜ˣ˞ˢ˜˪˞˦ˢ˳ˬˡ˦˞˰˩˚˪ˤ
˩ˢ˩˦˞˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞-2&5 
˧ˬ˺ˮˢ˩˞ˢ˨ˢˠ˴˹˩ˢ˪ˬ˞˭˹˱ˬ
˴ˮ˛˰˱ˤ˩ˢ˱ˤ˪˹˭˦˰˥ˢ˪
˃˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤˁ˲ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜
˭ˮˬ˯˱˞ˡˢ˫˦˙ ˩˚˴ˮ˦˪˞
˞˪˙˵ˢ˦ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˧˞˱˹˭˦˪
˞˳˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬˢ˨ˢ˺˥ˢˮˬˑˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜
˟ˮ˜˰˧ˢ˱˞˦˰˱ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
˧˞˪ˬ˪˦˧˛˥˚˰ˤ˧˞˦ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˱ˬ
˧ˬ˺ˮˢ˩˞˩ˢ˳ˬˮ˙˭ˮˬ˯˱˞
ˢ˩˭ˮ˹˯
ˆ˚˰ˤ2&5ˁ˲ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜
˭ˮˬ˯˱˞˞ˮ˦˰˱ˢˮ˙˞˭˹˱ˤ˪
˧˞˪ˬ˪˦˧˛˥˚˰ˤ˰˱ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
˧ˬ˲ˮ˚˩˞˱ˬ˯˩ˢ˱ˤ˪˹˭˦˰˥ˢ˪
˧˞˦˭˦˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ
ˡ˦˞˧˹˭˱ˤ˅ˢ˪ˡˢ˦˧˱˦˧˛
˨˲˴˪˜˞˞˪˙˟ˢ˦˧˞˦ˡˢ˜˴˪ˢ˦˰˱ˬ
˴ˮ˛˰˱ˤ˹˱˦˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˩˹˪ˬ˧ˬ˺ˮˢ˩˞˩ˢ˱ˤ˪
˹˭˦˰˥ˢ˪˧˞˦˩ˢ˳ˬˮ˙˭ˮˬ˯˱˞
ˢ˩˭ˮ˹˯
ː˱˞˩˙˱ˤ˩˞ˁ˲ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜
˭ˮˬ˯˱˞˞ˮ˦˰˱ˢˮ˙˰˱ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
ˊˬ˴˨˹˯ˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺
ˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˞ˮ˦˥˩˹˰˱ˮˬ˳˻˪
˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˴˶ˮ˜˯ˡ˦˞˟˞˥˩˜˰ˢ˦˯
ˁˮ˛ˠˬˮˤ˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮˬ˳˛˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ʿˮˠ˛˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮˬ˳˛˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˑ˰ˬ˧˞˪˙˨ˬˠ˞˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˪˱˚˨ˬ
ˁ˦˞˱ˤ˪ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˩ˢ˧ˮ˺ˬ
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˱ˮ˞˟˛˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˱˰ˬ˧D
˛˳˚ˮ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹ˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺˰˱ˤ
˥˚˰ˤ E
 ˈ˞˭˙˧˦ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
ˁ˚˩˦˰˩˞˩ˢ˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
 ː˱˹˩˦ˬ˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ˁˢ˩˜˰˱ˢ˩ˢ˨˙ˡ˦˧˞˦ˢ˨˚ˠ˫˱ˢ˱ˤ
˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
 ˊ˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞
 ˂˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
ˊ˞ˣ˚˵˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˧ˬ˩˩˚˪ˤ˴˨˹ˤ
 ˈ˞˪˙˨˦ˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲
ˍˡˤˠ˛˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˧ˬ˩˩˚˪ˤ˴˨˹ˤ
˰˱ˤˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
 ː˲ˠ˧ˮ˙˱ˤ˰ˤ˧ˬ˲˱˦ˬ˺
 ˂˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˞˪˙ˮ˱ˤ˰ˤ˯
˞˪˙˨ˬˠ˞˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˪˱˚˨ˬ
˅˴ˮ˛˰ˤˢ˜˪˞˦ˡ˲˪˞˱˛˩˹˪ˬˢ˙˪
˚˴ˢ˦˞˳˞˦ˮˢ˥ˢ˜ˤˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ
˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
 ʸ˪ˡˢ˦˫ˤ˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˯˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯
˞˪˙˨ˬˠ˞˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˪˱˚˨ˬ
˔ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩˹˯
ˎˮˬ˰˚˫˱ˢˢ˭˜˰ˤ˯˱˦˯˲˭ˬˡˢ˜˫ˢ˦˯
˰˱ˬˢˠ˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˡ˦ˬ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯˱ˬ˲
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺
ˎˮ˹˰˶˭˞ˢ˦ˡ˦˧˙˭˞˦ˡ˦˙˧˞˦ˣ˻˞
ˡˢ˪ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱˞˦˪˞˟ˮ˜˰˧ˬ˪˱˞˦˭ˬ˱˚
˧ˬ˪˱˙˰˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˧˞˱˙˱ˬ
˧ˬ˺ˮˢ˩˞ˊ˭ˬˮˢ˜˱ˢ˪˞
˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˱ˢ˜˱ˢ˞˭˹
ˢ˧˰˳ˢ˪ˡˬ˪˦ˣ˹˩ˢ˪ˢ˯˭˚˱ˮˢ˯˛
˭˞ˮ˹˩ˬ˦˞ːˢ˧˞˩˜˞˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤˡˢ˪
ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱˞˦˪˞˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˣˬ˪˱˞˦˭˞˦ˡ˦˙˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˋ˞ˢ˜˰˱ˢ˦ˡ˦˞˜˱ˢˮ˞˭ˮˬ˰ˢ˧˱˦˧ˬ˜˧˞˱˙
˱ˬ˧ˬ˺ˮˢ˩˞˩ˢ˱ˤ˪˹˭˦˰˥ˢ˪
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱˞˩ˢˡ˦˞˧˹˭˱ˤ2&5
˂ˢ˪ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱˞˦˪˞˟ˮ˜˰˧ˬ˪˱˞˦
˱ˮ˜˱ˬ˦˰˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛ˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞˯˱ˬ˲
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯
ˊˤ˪˞ˡˢ˦˙ˣˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚˱ˤˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ
˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯ˢ˪˹˰˶ˬ
˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˯˧ˬ˭˛˯˟ˮ˜˰˧ˢ˱˞˦˰ˢ
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞
ˈ˞˱˙˱ˬ˙ˡˢ˦˞˰˩˞˱ˤ˯ˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˯
˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞
˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˱ˢ˜˱ˢˢ˰ˢ˜˯˛˙˨˨ˬ˦˞˭˹˱ˬ
ˢ˧˱˦˪˞˰˰˹˩ˢ˪ˬ˧ˬ˩˩˚˪ˬ˲˨˦˧˹
ˈ˞˱˙˱ˬ˧ˬ˺ˮˢ˩˞˰ˢ˞˭˹˱ˬ˩˞
˭ˮ˞˪˛˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˪˞
˞˪˞˱ˮ˞˭ˢ˜˧˦ˢ˰ˢ˜˯˪˞
˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˱ˢ˜˱ˢˊˤ˪ˬˡˤˠˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˭ˬ˱˚ˢˠ˧˙ˮ˰˦˞˰˱ˬ
˭ˮ˞˪˚˯˞˨˨˙˩˹˪ˬ˩ˢ˧˞˱ˢ˺˥˲˪˰ˤ
˭ˮˬ˯˱˞˭˙˪˶˧˞˦˭ˮˬ˯˱˞˧˙˱˶
ˈˬ˲ˮˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˩˹˪ˬ˰ˢ
˭ˮ˞˪˛˩ˢ˧˨˜˰ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˨˺ˊˤ
˰˱ˮ˜˟ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˰˱ˬ˭ˮ˞˪˚˯
ˈ˞˱˙˱ˬ˧ˬ˺ˮˢ˩˞˟ˮˢˠ˩˚˪ˤ˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˢ˪ˡ˚˴ˢ˱˞˦˨˹ˠ˶
˩ˢ˦˶˩˚˪ˤ˯˭ˮ˹˰˳˲˰ˤ˯˰˱ˬ
˚ˡ˞˳ˬ˯˪˞ˠ˨˦˰˱ˮ˛˰ˢ˦˧˦ˢ˰ˢ˜˯˪˞
˭˚˰ˢ˱ˢˈˬ˲ˮˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˴˨˹ˤ˩˹˪ˬ
˹˱˞˪ˢ˜˪˞˦˰˱ˢˠ˪˛
˅˲˭ˢˮ˟ˬ˨˦˧˛˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞
˞˲˫˛˰ˢ˦˱ˬ˪˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˞˱˲˴˛˩˞˱ˬ˯
ʻ˱˞˪˧ˬ˲ˮˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˴˨˹ˤ˰ˢˬˮ˦˞˧˚˯
˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˚˯˹˭˶˯˭ ˴˧ˬ˪˱˙˰ˢ
˞˭˹˱ˬ˩˞˭ˮ˞˪˛˛˧˙˱˶˞˭˹
ˡ˚˪˱ˮ˞˰ˢ˥˙˩˪ˬ˲˯˧˞˦˳ˮ˙˧˱ˢ˯
˧ˮ˞˱˙˱ˢˢ˭˞ˮ˧˛˞˭˹˰˱˞˰ˤ
ˎˮˬ˰˚˴ˢ˱ˢ˦ˡ˦˞˜˱ˢˮ˞˹˱˞˪
˧ˬ˲ˮˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˴˨˹ˤˬˡˤˠ˻˪˱˞˯˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˩ˢ˱ˤ˪˹˭˦˰˥ˢ˪
˃˫ˢ˱˙ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛˰˱ˤ˪ˬ˭ˬ˜˞
˭ˮ˹˧ˢ˦˱˞˦˪˞˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˧˞˦˞˭ˬ˩˞˧ˮ˺˪ˢ˱ˢ˹˨˞
˱˞˞˪˱˦˧ˢ˜˩ˢ˪˞˱˞ˬ˭ˬ˜˞ˢ˜˪˞˦
ˡ˲˪˞˱˹˪˪˞˭˦˞˰˱ˬ˺˪˰˞˲˱˹˧˞˦˪˞
ˢ˧˱˦˪˞˴˱ˬ˺˪˭ˮˬ˯˧˙˥ˢ
˧˞˱ˢ˺˥˲˪˰ˤ
ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲˧˙˭ˬ˦ˬ˫˚˪ˬ
˰˻˩˞˭ ˴˭˚˱ˮ˞˴˱˲˭˛˰ˢ˦˰˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˧ˬ˭˛˯˛˞˪˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
˞ˮ˴˜˰ˢ˦˪˞˧ˮ˞ˡ˙ˣˢ˱˞˦˞˰˲˪˛˥˦˰˱˞
ː˟˛˰˱ˢ˞˩˚˰˶˯˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞ˎˮ˦˪
˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˞˦˱˚ˮ˶˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞
˞˭ˢ˲˥˲˪˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˰ˢˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ
˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬˠ˦˞˱ˬ˚˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˱ˬ˲
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯ˠ˦˞ˣˤ˩˦˚˯
ːˢ˧ˬ˲ˮˢ˲˱˦˧˙˩ˢˡˮˢ˭˙˪˦˞˩ˤ
˰˱˚˧ˢ˰˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚˩˭ˮˬ˰˱˙˞˭˹˱˞
˞˪ˬ˜ˠ˩˞˱˞ˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲˴˨˹ˤ˯
ˊˤ˟˙ˣˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚˱˞˴˚ˮ˦˞˛˱˞˭˹ˡ˦˞
˰˞˯˩˚˰˞˛˧˙˱˶˞˭˹
˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮˢ˳˹˩ˢ˪˞˩˚ˮˤ
ː˟˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˧˞˦˱ˮ˞˟˛˫˱ˢ
˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˱ˤ˯˩˜ˣ˞˯˞˭˹˱ˬ˪
˞˪˞˳˨ˢ˧˱˛ˮ˞˧˞˦˱ˬ
˩˭ˬ˲ˣˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ˞˭˹˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜
˭ˮ˦˪˞˭˹˱ˬ˫ˢ˩˭˨ˬ˧˙ˮ˦˰˩˞˛˱ˬ
˫ˢ˟ˬ˺˨˶˩˞˰˱ˬ˧˞˪˙˨˦ˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲
ˊˤ˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˩ˢ
˙˰˴ˤ˩ˢ˯˧˞˦ˮ˦˧˚˯˰˲˪˥˛˧ˢ˯˹˭˶˯
˭˴˰ˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˧˦˪ˡ˺˪ˬ˲ˠ˦˞
˟ˮˬ˴˛˛˧˞˱˞˦ˠ˜ˡ˞
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˞˰˳˲˫˜˞˯˞˭˹˩ˬ˪ˬ˫ˢ˜ˡ˦ˬ
˱ˬ˲˙˪˥ˮ˞˧˞
ʿ˳˛˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞ˢ˰˶˱ˢˮ˦˧˛˯
˧˞˺˰ˤ˯˞˪˞˩˩˚˪ˬ˩˹˪ˬ˰˱ˬ
˺˭˞˦˥ˮˬ
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˚˧ˮˤ˫ˤ˯˧˞˦˭˲ˮ˧˞ˠ˦˙˯
ˍ˦˞˱˩ˬ˜˱˶˪˧˞˲˰˜˩˶˪˱ˤ˯˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˯
ˢ˜˪˞˦ˢ˧ˮˤ˧˱˦˧ˬ˜˧˞˦˱˞˧˞˺˰˦˩˞ˢ˜˪˞˦
˙˧ˮ˶˯˞˪˞˳˨˚˫˦˩˞
!
background
ˍˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˴˨ˬˬ˧ˬ˭˱˦˧˹˱ˮ˞˧˱˚ˮ ˃˨˨ˤ˪˦˧˙

ˁˢ˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˩ˢ˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
˭ˮˬ˱ˬ˺˥˚˰ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˰ˢ
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞ˈˮ˞˱˙˱ˢ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
˧˨ˢ˦˰˱˹ˢ˪˹˰˶ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯ˢ˜˪˞˦
˞˪˞˩˩˚˪ˬ˯˛˞˧˹˩˞ˣˢ˰˱˹˯
ː˲˩˭˨ˤˮ˻˪ˢ˱ˢ˰˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˩˹˪ˬ˹˱˞˪ˢ˜˪˞˦˰˟ˤ˰˱˹˯
˧˞˦ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˧ˮ˺ˬ˯ʿ˭ˬ˳ˢ˺ˠˢ˱ˢ
˱˦˯˞˪ˬ˦˴˱˚˯ˢ˰˱˜ˢ˯˳˶˱˦˙˯˧˞˦˱ˬ
˰˴ˤ˩˞˱˦˰˩˹˰˭˦˪˥˛ˮ˶˪ˊˤ˪
˧˞˭˪˜ˣˢ˱ˢˁˢ˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
˩ˢ˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˩˹˪ˬ˰˱ˤ˪˺˭˞˦˥ˮˬ
ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲˚˴ˬ˲˪
˲˭ˢˮ˴ˢ˦˨˜˰ˢ˦˱˞˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˩ˤ˪
˞˪˙˵ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ʿ˭ˬ˩˞˧ˮ˺˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˞˭˹˱ˤ
˨ˢˮ˶˩˚˪ˤ˩ˢ˧˞˺˰˦˩˞ˢ˭˦˳˙˪ˢ˦˞˧˞˦
˭ˢˮ˦˩˚˪ˢ˱ˢ˩˚˴ˮ˦˪˞ˢ˫˞˱˩˦˰˱ˬ˺˪˱˞
˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
ˁ˦˞˪˞˞˭ˬ˳˺ˠˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ
˭˲ˮ˧˞ˠ˦˙˯˭ˮˬ˰˚˴ˢ˱ˢ˪˞˩ˤ˪
˚ˮ˴ˬ˪˱˞˦˱˞˞˧˹˨ˬ˲˥˞˩˚ˮˤ˱ˬ˲
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯˰ˢˢ˭˞˳˛˩ˢ˴˨˹ˤ
˛ ˨˙ˡ˦˭ˬ˲ˢ˧ˮ˚ˢ˦ˈ˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
ˢ˫˙˱˩˦˰ˤ˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
˧˞˲˰˜˩˶˪
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺˞˭˹
˴˞˨˞˰˩˚˪ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
˔ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˩˹˪ˬ
˹˱˞˪˞˲˱˹˟ˮ˜˰˧ˢ˱˞˦˰ˢ˙ˮ˦˰˱ˤ
˧˞˱˙˰˱˞˰ˤˎˮ˦˪˞˭˹˧˙˥ˢ
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˧˙˪ˢ˱ˢˬ˭˱˦˧˹˚˨ˢˠ˴ˬ
˃˨˚ˠ˴ˢ˱ˢ˦ˡ˦˞˜˱ˢˮ˞˞˪˱˞˰˲˰˱˛˩˞˱˞
˞˰˳˞˨ˢ˜˞˯˱˞ˢˮˠ˞˨ˢ˜˞˧ˬ˭˛˯˩ˢ˱ˬ
˰˱˛ˮ˦ˠ˩˞˱˞˰˱ˬ˦˴ˢ˜˞˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˧˞˦
ˬ˦˧ˬ˴˨˦ˬ˰˲˪ˡ˚˰ˢ˦˯˚˴ˬ˲˪˲˭ˬ˰˱ˢ˜
ˣˤ˩˦˚˯˧˞˦˞˪˟ˮ˜˰˧ˬ˪˱˞˦˰˱˞˥ˢˮ˙
˰˱ˤ˥˚˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˯
ʿ˪˱˦˧˞˥˦˰˱˙˱ˢ˱˞ˢ˨˞˱˱˶˩˞˱˦˧˙
˩˚ˮˤ˭ˮ˦˪˱ˤ˥˚˰ˤ˱ˬ˲
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯˰ˢ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺
ˊˤ˪ˢ˧˱ˢ˨ˢ˜˱ˢˢˮˠ˞˰˜ˢ˯ˢ˨˚ˠ˴ˬ˲˧˞˦
˰˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˯ˮ˺˥˩˦˰ˤ˯˩ˢ˞˪˞˩˩˚˪ˬ
˛˧˞˲˱˹˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ʽˮˢ˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
ˑˤˮˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˬ˲˯ˢ˥˪˦˧ˬ˺˯˱ˬ˭˦˧ˬ˺˯
˧˞˪ˬ˪˦˰˩ˬ˺˯˭ˢˮ˜˶ˮ˻˪
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯˞˪˴ˮˢ˦˙ˣˢ˱˞˦ˮ˶˱˛˰˱ˢ
˰˴ˢ˱˦˧˙˱ˤ˪˞ˮ˩˹ˡ˦˞˲˭ˤˮˢ˰˜˞
ˎˮ˦˪˞˭˹˧˙˥ˢ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞
˃˨˚ˠ˴ˢ˱ˢ
˹˨ˢ˯˱˦˯˭ˮˬ˰˱˞˱ˢ˲˱˦˧˚˯
ˡ˦˞˱˙˫ˢ˦˯
˱ˤ˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˨˞ˡ˦˻˪˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
˟˨˃ˠ˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˡ˦ˬ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
˱ˤ˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˱ˬ˲ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
˱ˤ˪˭˜ˢ˰ˤ˱˶˪ˢ˨˞˰˱˦˧˻˪
ˑ˦˯ˬ˭˚˯˞ˢˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˰˱ˤ˪˭ˢˮ˦ˬ˴˛
˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞ˠ˦˞˭˦˥˞˪ˬ˺˯
ˮ˺˭ˬ˲˯˧˞˦˧˞˱˙˨ˬ˦˭˞˴˨˹ˤ˯
ˁ˚˩˦˰˩˞˱ˬ˲ˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˩ˢ
˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˧˞˦˚˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˯˱ˤ˯
˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ˍ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯ˢ˜˪˞˦˛ˡˤ˞˭˹˱ˬ
ˢˮˠˬ˰˱˙˰˦ˬ˭˨˛ˮˤ˯˩ˢ˨˙ˡ˦ದ
ˢ˨˚ˠ˫˱ˢ˧˞˦ˢ˙˪˴ˮˢ˦˙ˣˢ˱˞˦
˰˲˩˭˨ˤˮ˻˰˱ˢ
ˁˢ˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˩ˢ
˞˩˹˨˲˟ˡˤ˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ
ˀ˨˃ˠ˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˡ˦ˬ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˁˢ˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˱ˬ˭ˬ˨˺
˩˚˴ˮ˦FP˧˙˱˶˞˭˹˱ˤ˪˧˙˱˶
˙˧ˮˤ˱ˬ˲˰˱ˬ˩˜ˬ˲˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯
ʿ˰˳˞˨˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
˃˨˚ˠ˴ˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˱ˬ˲˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ʿ˲˱˛˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞˟ˮ˜˰˧ˢ˱˞˦˩ˢ˱˞˫˺
˱˶˪˰ˤ˩˞ˡ˦˻˪ರ)XOO0D[ರ˧˞˦
ರ$GG0LQರ˟˨˚˭ˢˢ˭˜˰ˤ˯˰˱ˬ
ˢˠ˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˡ˦ˬ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯˱ˬ˲
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ʸ˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˯˱ˤ˯˭˜ˢ˰ˤ˯˱˶˪
ˢ˨˞˰˱˦˧˻˪
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ˁ˦˞˨˹ˠˬ˲˯˭˞ˮ˞ˠ˶ˠ˛˯ˤ˭˜ˢ˰ˤ˱˶˪
ˢ˨˞˰˱˦˧˻˪˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦˲˵ˤ˨˹˱ˢˮˤ
˞˭˹˱˦˴ˮˢ˦˙ˣˢ˱˞˦
˃˨˚ˠ˫˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˭˜ˢ˰ˤ˱˶˪
ˢ˨˞˰˱˦˧˻˪ʿ˪˴ˮˢ˦˙ˣˢ˱˞˦
ˡ˦ˬˮ˥˻˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˟˨ˈˢ˳˙˨˞˦ˬ
ರː˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤರ
˩˭ˮˬ˰˱˙ EDU
˭˜˰˶ EDU
ˏ˺˥˩˦˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˧˞˥˜˰˩˞˱ˬ˯˱ˬ˲
ˬˡˤˠˬ˺
˃˦˧˹˪˞
˓˚ˮ˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˙˥˦˰˩˞˰˱ˤ˪ˢ˭˦˥˲˩ˤ˱˛
˥˚˰ˤ
ˏ˺˥˩˦˰ˤ˱˦˩ˬ˪˦ˬ˺
˞˪˙˨ˬˠ˞˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˪˱˚˨ˬ
˃˦˧˹˪˞
ˎ˦˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧ˬ˲˩˭˜˞˰˳˙˨˦˰ˤ˯˧˞˦
˳˚ˮ˱ˢ˱ˬ˱˦˩˹˪˦˰˱ˤ˪ˢ˭˦˥˲˩ˤ˱˛
˥˚˰ˤDEF
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ˎˮˬ˰˚˫˱ˢˢ˙˪˱ˬ˧ˬ˲˩˭˜˞˰˳˙˨˦˰ˤ˯
˚˴ˢ˦˞˰˳˞˨˜˰ˢ˦˰˶˰˱˙
˃˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ˊˢˮ˦˧˙˩ˬ˪˱˚˨˞ˡˢ˪˚˴ˬ˲˪&KRNH
ˍ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˭ˮˬ˰˞ˮ˩˹ˣˢ˱˞˦
˞˲˱˹˩˞˱˞˰˱ˤ˪ˢ˧˙˰˱ˬ˱ˢˡ˦˞ˡ˦˧˞˰˜˞
ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯
ʿ˪ˬ˜˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧ˮˬ˲˪˹˟ˢ˪ˣ˜˪ˤ˯˞˪
˲˭˙ˮ˴ˢ˦ದ˟˨˃ˠ˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˡ˦ˬ
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˈ˞˥˜˰˱ˢ˰˱ˬ˧˙˥˦˰˩˞˱ˬ˲ˬˡˤˠˬ˺
ʿ˭ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹
˧ˬ˭˛˯˧˞˦ˮ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˭ˮˬ˯˱˞
˭˙˪˶
˓˚ˮ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹372˰˱ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
2II
ˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹ˮ˺˥˩˦˰ˤ˯
˱ˬ˲˺˵ˬ˲˯˧ˬ˭˛˯˰˱ˬರರ
˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˯˧ˬ˭˛˯ˢ˭˙˪˶
ːˤ˧˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ
˓˚ˮ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˩ˬ˴˨˹˧˞˱ˢ˺˥˲˪˰ˤ˯
ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯˰˱ˬರ1ರ
ˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹ˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺˰˱ˤ
˥˚˰ˤ 
ʻ˱˞˪ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯ˢ˜˪˞˦˧ˮ˺ˬ˯
˱ˮ˞˟˛˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˱˰ˬ˧˛˞˪˱˜˰˱ˬ˦˴˞
ˮ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹ˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺˰˱ˤ
˥˚˰ˤ
ˁ˲ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˱ˤ˯˩˜ˣ˞˯˰˱ˤ
˥˚˰ˤ ˩˚˴ˮ˦˪˞˞˪˙˵ˢ˦ˬ
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˭ˮˬ˰˭˙˥ˢ˦˞
ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯ˠ˦˞ˡˢ˲˱ˢˮ˹˨ˢ˭˱˞˱ˬ
˭ˬ˨˺˭ˮ˦˪˱ˤ˪ˢ˭˹˩ˢ˪ˤ
˭ˮˬ˰˭˙˥ˢ˦˞˭ˢˮ˦˩˚˪ˢ˱ˢ
ˡˢ˲˱ˢˮ˹˨ˢ˭˱˞
ʻ˱˞˪ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠˢ˜
˳˚ˮ˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˱ˤ˯˩˜ˣ˞˯˰˱ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
ˊ˹˨˦˯ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˫ˢ˧˦˪˛˰ˢ˦
˶˥˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˱˰ˬ˧˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹ˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺
˞ˮˠ˙˭ˮˬ˯˱˞˭˜˰˶˩˚˴ˮ˦ˬ
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˪˞˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠˢ˜˛ˮˢ˩˞
!
!
background
˃˨˨ˤ˪˦˧˙ ˍˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˴˨ˬˬ˧ˬ˭˱˦˧˹˱ˮ˞˧˱˚ˮ

ː˱˞˩˙˱ˤ˩˞˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹ˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺˰˱ˤ
˩˚˰ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
ʿ˳˛˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˪˞
ˡˬ˲˨˚˵ˢ˦ˢ˭˜˭ˢˮ
ˡˢ˲˱ˢˮ˹˨ˢ˭˱˞
˓˚ˮ˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˱ˤ˯˩˜ˣ˞˯˰˱ˤ
˥˚˰ˤ
ˑˮ˞˟˛˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˱ˤ˯˩˜ˣ˞˯
ˎˮˬ˱ˬ˺ˢˠ˧˞˱˞˨ˢ˜˵ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˰ˤ˧˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ
˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ
ˍˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
˅˞˭˹˱ˬ˩ˤˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˫˞˳˪˦˧˹
˰˱˞˩˙˱ˤ˩˞˧˞˦ˤˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˩ˢ˭ˬ˨˺
˩ˢˠ˙˨ˤ˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞˞˲˫˙˪ˬ˲˪˱ˬ˪
˧˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˞˱˲˴˛˩˞˱ˬ˯˧˞˦˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞
˭ˮˬ˧˞˨˚˰ˬ˲˪ˣˤ˩˦˚˯˰˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˎˮˬ˰˚˴ˢ˱ˢ˦ˡ˦˞˜˱ˢˮ˞˧˞˱˙˱ˤ˪
ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˩ˢ˱ˤ˪˹˭˦˰˥ˢ˪
ˊˤˮ˲˥˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚˱ˬ˱˦˩˹˪˦˱ˬ
˧˙˥˦˰˩˞˱ˬ˲ˬˡˤˠˬ˺˧˞˱˙˱ˤ˪
ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛˄ˤ˩˦˚˯˰˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˊˤ˪˞˨˨˙ˣˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚˱ˤ˪˧˞˱ˢ˺˥˲˪˰ˤ
ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯˴˶ˮ˜˯˪˞
˞˧˦˪ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰ˢ˱ˢ˭ˮˬˤˠˬ˲˩˚˪˶˯˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˌˢ˧˦˪˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˹˭˶˯
˞˪˞˳˚ˮˢ˱˞˦˭˞ˮ˞˭˙˪˶
ʿ˭ˢ˩˭˨ˬ˧˛˱ˬ˲˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ˲
ˎ˞˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˭ˢ˪˱˙˨˰˲˩˭˨˚˧˱ˤ
˳ˮ˚˪ˬ˲˩˚˴ˮ˦˱ˬ˱˚ˮ˩˞˳˚ˮ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪
˩ˬ˴˨˹˰ˢ˩˦˞˟˞˥˩˜ˡ˞˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞˯
˓˚ˮ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˩ˬ˴˨˹˧˞˱ˢ˺˥˲˪˰ˤ˯
ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯˰˱ˤ˪˞˪˱˜˰˱ˬ˦˴ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
ʿ˳˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˭ˢ˪˱˙˨ˣˢ˺˫ˤ˯˳ˮ˚˪ˬ˲
˞ˮˠ˙ˢ˨ˢ˺˥ˢˮˬ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
˧˦˪ˢ˜˱˞˦
ː˱˞˩˙˱ˤ˩˞˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯
ˎ˞˱˛˰˱ˢ˭ˢ˪˱˙˨ˣˢ˺˫ˤ˯˳ˮ˚˪ˬ˲
˩˚˴ˮ˦˪˞˰˱˞˩˞˱˛˰ˢ˦˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˈˬ˺ˮˢ˩˞
ː˱ˤ˪˧˞˪ˬ˪˦˧˛˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞ 
˟˨˔ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩˹˯˩˜ˣ˞˯
ʿ˭ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹
˧ˬ˭˛˯˭ˮ˦˪˱ˤ˪ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˩ˢ˱ˤ˪
˹˭˦˰˥ˢ˪˧˞˦ˮ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˭ˮˬ˯
˱˞ ˭˙˪˶
ː˱ˤ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˩ˢ˱ˤ˪˹˭˦˰˥ˢ˪
˟˨˔ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩˹˯
˩˜ˣ˞˯ˎˮˬ˰˚˴ˢ˱ˢ˦ˡ˦˞˜˱ˢˮ˞˧˞˱˙
˱ˬ˧ˬ˺ˮˢ˩˞˩ˢ˱ˤ˪˹˭˦˰˥ˢ˪
ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˻˪˱˞˯˱ˬ˩˹˪ˬ˹˱˞˪
ˢ˜˪˞˦˞˭ˬ˨˺˱˶˯˞˭˞ˮ˞˜˱ˤ˱ˬ
ˊˤ˪˞˨˨˙ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˧˞˱ˢ˺˥˲˪˰ˤ
ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯˹˱˞˪˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
˧˲˨˙ˢ˦˛˧˦˪ˢ˜˱˞˦
ˌˢ˧˦˪˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˹˭˶˯
˞˪˞˳˚ˮˢ˱˞˦˭˞ˮ˞˭˙˪˶
˓˚ˮ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹ˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺˰˱ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
ˠ˦˞˪˞ˡ˦˞˰˳˞˨˜˰ˢ˱ˢˢ˭˞ˮ˧˛
˞˭˹ˡˬ˰ˤ
ʿ˭ˢ˩˭˨ˬ˧˛˱ˬ˲˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ˲
ˎ˞˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˭ˢ˪˱˙˨˰˲˩˭˨˚˧˱ˤ
˳ˮ˚˪ˬ˲˩˚˴ˮ˦˱ˬ˱˚ˮ˩˞˳˚ˮ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪
˩ˬ˴˨˹˰ˢ˩˦˞˟˞˥˩˜ˡ˞˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞˯
ˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˩ˬ˴˨˹˞˨˨˞ˠ˛˯
˧˞˱ˢ˺˥˲˪˰ˤ˯ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯˰˱ˬರ)ರ
˭ˮˬ˯˱˞ˢ˩˭ˮ˹˯
˃˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩ˬ˺
˧ˬ˭˛˯
˃˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ372
ʿ˳˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˧ˬ˭˛˯
ʿ˳˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˭ˢ˪˱˙˨ˣˢ˺˫ˤ˯˳ˮ˚˪ˬ˲
˞ˮˠ˙ˢ˨ˢ˺˥ˢˮˬ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
˧˦˪ˢ˜˱˞˦
ʶˡˢ˦˞˰˩˞˱ˤ˯ˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˯
˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
ʻ˱˞˪˰˱ˬ˚ˡ˞˳ˬ˯˭˞ˮ˞˩˚˪ˢ˦
˧ˬ˩˩˚˪ˤ˴˨˹ˤ˛ˤ˚˪ˡˢ˦˫ˤ˱ˤ˯
˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˯˭˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˯˃˦˧˹˪˞
ˡˢ˜˴˪ˢ˦˹˱˦˱ˬ˧˞˨˙˥˦˚˴ˢ˦ˠˢ˩˜˰ˢ˦
ː˱˞˩˞˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ːˤ˧˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ
ʿ˭ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹
˧ˬ˭˛˯
˃˦˧˹˪˞D
ˑˮ˞˟˛˫˱ˢ˱ˤˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯
˴˨˹ˤ˯˰˱ˤ˪ˬ˭˜˰˥˦˞˨˞˟˛˭ˮˬ˯
˱˞˭˙˪˶˧˞˦˞ˡˢ˦˙˰˱ˢ˱ˤ
˛
˃˦˧˹˪˞E
ː˱˞˩˞˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˧˞˦
˭ˢˮ˦˩˚˪ˢ˱ˢ˩˚˴ˮ˦˪˞
˞˧˦˪ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˥ˬ˺˪˭˨˛ˮ˶˯˹˨˞˱˞
˧˦˪ˬ˺˩ˢ˪˞˩˚ˮˤ
ʿ˳˞˦ˮ˚˰˱ˢ˱ˤˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯
˴˨˹ˤ˯
ʿˡˢ˦˙˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˭ˢˮ˦ˢ˴˹˩ˢ˪ˬ
˃˭˞˪˞˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˤˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ
˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
ˁˢ˪˦˧˙
ˈ˞˱˙˱ˤˮ˺˥˩˦˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˺˵ˬ˲˯˧ˬ˭˛˯
˧˞˦˱ˤ˯˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞˯ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˡˢ˪˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞
˲˭ˢˮ˳ˬˮ˱˻˪ˢ˱˞˦ʿ˪˙˨ˬˠ˞˩ˢ˱ˬ
˩˛˧ˬ˯˱ˬˢ˜ˡˬ˯˧˞˦˱ˤ˪˲ˠˮ˞˰˜˞˱ˬ˲
˲˨˦˧ˬ˺˧ˬ˭˛˯ˢ˜˪˞˦˞˭˞ˮ˞˜˱ˤ˱ˬ˪˞
˭ˮˬ˰˞ˮ˩˹˰ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˺˵ˬ˯˧ˬ˭˛˯˧˞˦
˱ˤ˪˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯ˠ˦˞˪˞
ˡ˦˞˰˳˞˨˜˰ˢ˱ˢ˞˭ˮ˹˰˧ˬ˭˱ˤ
ˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞ːˢ˭ˢˮ˦˭˱˻˰ˢ˦˯˚˩˳ˮ˞˫ˤ˯
˩ˢ˦˻˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯˧˞˦
ˮ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˩ˢˠ˞˨˺˱ˢˮˬ˺˵ˬ˯˧ˬ˭˛˯
ː˱˙˥˩ˢ˲˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯
ː˱˞˩˞˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˎ˞˱˛˰˱ˢ˱˚ˮ˩˞˱ˬ˭ˢ˪˱˙˨˳ˮ˚˪ˬ˲
˧˞˦˰ˤ˧˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ
ʿ˭ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹
˧ˬ˭˛˯˧˞˦ˮ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˭ˮˬ˯˱˞
˭˙˪˶
ˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹ˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺˰˱ˤ
˩˚˰ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
ˁ˲ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˱ˤ˯˩˜ˣ˞˯˩ˢ˱˙
˞˭˹ˡˢ˲˱ˢˮ˹˨ˢ˭˱˞˰˱ˤ
˥˚˰ˤ
ˑˮ˞˟˛˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˱ˤ˯˩˜ˣ˞˯
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ː˱˞˥˩ˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˱˞˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱˞˩˹˪ˬ˩ˢ
˧ˮ˺ˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˧˞˦˰ˢ˧˨ˢ˦˰˱ˬ˺˯
˴˻ˮˬ˲˯
˃˫˞ˮ˱˛˩˞˱˞˭ˮˬ˞˦ˮˢ˱˦˧˙
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺˞˭˹˱ˬ
ˢˮˠ˞˨ˢ˜ˬ˧ˬ˭˛˯
˓ˬˮ˙˱ˢˠ˙˪˱˦˞˞˰˳˞˨ˢ˜˞˯
˃˦˧˹˪˞
ˈˬ˺ˮˢ˩˞˩ˢ˭˨˞˷˪˛˚˫ˬˡˬ
˃˫˙ˮ˱ˤ˩˞.˨˞˭˚˱ˬˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲F
ˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹ˮ˺˥˩˦˰ˤ˯
˺˵ˬ˲˯˧ˬ˭˛˯˰˱ˬರರ
˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˯˧ˬ˭˛˯˧˙˱˶
ˀˠ˙˨˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˞˪˙˨˦ˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲E
ː˲˪˞ˮ˩ˬ˨ˬˠ˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨˞˭˚˱ˬ
ˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲F
ˈ˙˨˲˵ˤ˴˨˹ˤ˯
˃˫˙ˮ˱ˤ˩˞ˈ˨ˢ˜˥ˮˬ˧˙˨˲˵ˤ˯˴˨˹ˤ˯G
ˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹ˮ˺˥˩˦˰ˤ˯
˺˵ˬ˲˯˧ˬ˭˛˯˰˱ˬರರ
˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˯˧ˬ˭˛˯˧˙˱˶
ˀˠ˙˨˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˞˪˙˨˦ˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲E
ː˲˪˞ˮ˩ˬ˨ˬˠ˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˜˥ˮˬ
˧˙˨˲˵ˤ˯˴˨˹ˤ˯G
!
!
background
ˍˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˴˨ˬˬ˧ˬ˭˱˦˧˹˱ˮ˞˧˱˚ˮ ˃˨˨ˤ˪˦˧˙

˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ˉ˹ˠ˶˱ˬ˲˰˲˰˱˛˩˞˱ˬ˯˞˰˳˙˨˦˰ˤ˯
ˤˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯D
˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱ˤ˩˚˪ˤ
˞˧˹˩ˤ˧˞˦˧˞˱˙˱ˬ˧ˬ˺ˮˢ˩˞˩ˢ
˭˨˞˷˪˛˚˫ˬˡˬ˛˞˪˱˜˰˱ˬ˦˴˞˧˞˱˙˱ˤ˪
˧˙˨˲˵ˤ˯˱ˤ˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
ː˲˩˟ˬ˲˨˚˯ˠ˦˞˱ˤ
˳ˮˬ˪˱˜ˡ˞˱ˬ˲ˠ˧˞ˣ˹˪
ˊˢˮ˦˧˚˯˰˲˩˟ˬ˲˨˚˯ˠ˦˞˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦˱ˬ
ˠˮ˞˰˜ˡ˦˰˞˯˲ˠ˦˚˯˧˞˦˪˞
˞˪˞˭˱˺˰˰ˢ˱˞˦ˬ˩ˬ˦˹˩ˬˮ˳˞
ˈˬ˺ˮˢ˩˞
ˑˬˠˮ˞˰˜ˡ˦˞˭ˬ˱ˢ˨ˢ˜˱˞˦˞˭˹
ˡ˦˙˳ˬˮ˞ˢ˜ˡˤ˴˹ˮ˱˶˪ʿ˪˱ˬ
˧ˬ˲ˮˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˰˲˴˪˙˱˹˱ˢˢ˲˪ˬˢ˜˱˞˦
˭ˢˮ˦˰˰˹˱ˢˮˬˤ˞˪˙˭˱˲˫ˤ
˴ˬˮ˱˞ˮ˦˻˪˩ˢ˦˰˴˲ˮ˹ˮ˜ˣ˶˩˞˱˞
ˬ˭ˬ˜˞˰˴ˤ˩˞˱˜ˣˬ˲˪˩˜˞˰˧˨ˤˮ˛
˧ˮˬ˺˰˱˞˰˱ˬ˚ˡ˞˳ˬ˯ʿ˪˱ˬ
˧ˬ˲ˮˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˰˭˙˪˦˞˱˹˱ˢ
˞˪˞˭˱˺˰˰ˬ˪˱˞˦˧˞˨˺˱ˢˮ˞˴ˬˮ˱˙ˮ˦˞
˩ˢ˵ˤ˨˛˧˞˨˞˩˦˙˧˞˦˙˨˨˞
˞ˠˮ˦˹˴ˬˮ˱˞˭ ˴˱ˮ˦˳˺˨˨˦
˞˰˱ˮˬ˨ˬ˺˨ˬ˲ˡˬ
ˑˬ˧˞˪ˬ˪˦˧˹˺˵ˬ˯˱ˤ˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
˧˲˩˞˜˪ˢ˱˞˦˩ˢ˱˞˫˺˧˞˦FP
˭ˢˮ˜˭ˬ˲ˎˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞˧ˬ˲ˮˢ˺ˢ˱˞˦
˩˹˪ˬ˱ˬ˱ˬ˲˰˲˪ˬ˨˦˧ˬ˺˺˵ˬ˲˯
˱ˤ˯˴˨˹ˤ˯ˡˤ˨˰ˢದFP˧˹˟ˢ˱ˢ
˰ˢ˧˞˪ˬ˪˦˧˹˺˵ˬ˯ˊˤ˪˧ˬ˲ˮˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ
˱ˤ˴˨˹ˤ˧˙˱˶˞˭˹˺˵ˬ˯ˢ˧ˡ˦˹˱˦
˰ˢ˭ˢˮ˜ˬˡˬ˫ˤˮ˞˰˜˞˯
˧˞˱˞˰˱ˮ˚˳ˢ˱˞˦ˤ˧ˮˬ˺˰˱˞˩ˢ˱ˬ
ˮ˜ˣ˶˩˞ˈˬ˲ˮˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˴˨˹ˤˤ
ˬ˭ˬ˜˞˚˴ˢ˦˞˪˞˭˱˲˴˥ˢ˜˧˞˦˵ˤ˨˻˰ˢ˦
˭ˬ˨˺˭ ˴˩ˢ˱˙˱˦˯ˡ˦˞˧ˬ˭˚˯
˰˱˞ˡ˦˞˧˙˩˚˴ˮ˦˱ˬ˧˞˪ˬ˪˦˧˹˺˵ˬ˯
ˈ˙˨˲˵ˤ˱ˤ˯˴˨˹ˤ˯˩ˢ
ˢ˫˙ˮ˱ˤ˩˞
ˈ˞˱˙˱ˬ˧ˬ˺ˮˢ˩˞ˤ˴˨˹ˤ˧˹˟ˢ˱˞˦˰ˢ
˩˦˧ˮ˙˧ˬ˩˩˙˱˦˞˭ˢˮˢ˧˧˞˦
˭˞ˮ˞˩˚˪ˢ˦ˢ˭˙˪˶˰˱ˬ˚ˡ˞˳ˬ˯
ʸ˱˰˦˭˞ˮ˞˩˚˪ˬ˲˪˰˱ˤ˴˨˹ˤ˭ˬ˨˨˙
˥ˮˢ˭˱˦˧˙˰˲˰˱˞˱˦˧˙
ˁ˦˞˚˪˞˧˞˨˹˞˭ˬ˱˚˨ˢ˰˩˞ˤ˴˨˹ˤ
˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞ˡ˦˞˱ˤˮˢ˜˱˞˦˭˙˪˱˞˧ˬ˪˱˛
˟˨ˢ˭˜˰ˤ˯˭˞ˮ˙ˠˮ˞˳ˬರˈˬ˺ˮˢ˩˞ರ
ˁ˦˞˱ˤ˪˧˙˨˲˵ˤ˱ˤ˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
˭ˮˬ˰˚˴ˢ˱ˢ˱˦˯˞˧˹˨ˬ˲˥ˢ˯
˲˭ˬˡˢ˜˫ˢ˦˯
ˊˤ˪˧ˬ˲ˮˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˟ˮˢˠ˩˚˪ˤ˴˨˹ˤ
ˊˤ˪˧ˬ˲ˮˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˭ˢˮ˦˰˰˹˱ˢˮˬ˞˭˹
ˢ˧˱ˬ˭ˬ˨˺˱ˬ˲˰˲˪ˬ˨˦˧ˬ˺
˩˛˧ˬ˲˯˱ˤ˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
ˍˡˤˠˢ˜˱ˢ˞ˮˠ˙
˔ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˚ˠ˦˰˱ˬ
˞ˮ˦˥˩˹˰˱ˮˬ˳˻˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱˞˧˱˦˧˙˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹
˧ˬ˭˛˯
ˊˢ˱˞˳ˬˮ˙
ˁ˦˞˪˞˞˨˨˙˫ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˰ˤ˩ˢ˜ˬ˴ˮ˛˰ˤ˯
ˬˡˤˠˢ˜˱ˢ˩˹˪ˬ˩˦˧ˮ˚˯ˡ˦˞ˡˮˬ˩˚˯˩ˢ
˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˁ˦˞˩ˢˠ˞˨˺˱ˢˮˢ˯
˞˭ˬ˰˱˙˰ˢ˦˯˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢ
˩ˢ˱˞˳ˬˮ˦˧˹˹˴ˤ˩˞
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤˑˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˡˢ˪˚˴ˢ˦
˙ˡˢ˦˞˧˲˧˨ˬ˳ˬˮ˜˞˯˰˺˩˳˶˪˞˩ˢ
˱ˬ˪ ˧˻ˡ˦˧˞ˬˡ˦˧˛˯˧˲˧˨ˬ˳ˬˮ˜˞˯
ˊ˦˧ˮ˚˯˞˭ˬ˰˱˙˰ˢ˦˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ː˱ˬ˪˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮˢ˳˹˩ˢ˪ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹
˧ˬ˭˛˯˩˭ˬˮˬ˺˪˪˞˭˦˞˰˱ˬ˺˪
˞˪˱˦˧ˢ˜˩ˢ˪˞˧˞˦˪˞ˢ˧˱ˬ˫ˢ˲˥ˬ˺˪˩ˢ
˞˭ˬ˱˚˨ˢ˰˩˞˪˞˭ˮˬ˧˨ˤ˥ˬ˺˪
ˣˤ˩˦˚˯
ˎˮˬ˱ˬ˺ˬˡˤˠ˛˰ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
˥˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˧ˬ˭˛˯ˢ˧˱˹˯
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
ˊˢˠ˙˨ˢ˯˞˭ˬ˰˱˙˰ˢ˦˯
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
˄ˤ˩˦˚˯˧˞˱˙˱ˤ˩ˢ˱˞˳ˬˮ˙
ˑ˞˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˬ˺˩ˢ˪˞˩ˢ˱˞˳ˬˮ˦˧˙
˩˚˰˞˭ ˴˩ˢ˱˞˳ˬˮ˦˧˹˹˴ˤ˩˞
ˮ˙˩˭˞˳˹ˮ˱˶˰ˤ˯˛˭˞ˮ˹˩ˬ˦˞
˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˬ˺˪˱˞˦
˰˺˩˳˶˪˞˩ˢ˱˦˯˭ˮˬˡ˦˞ˠˮ˞˳˚˯˟˨
˰˱˦˯˞˪˱˜˰˱ˬ˦˴ˢ˯ˬˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺
ˁ˦˞˱ˤ˩ˢ˱˞˳ˬˮ˙˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞
˞˰˳˞˨˜˰ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˠ˦˞˪˞˩ˤ
ˠ˨˦˰˱ˮ˛˰ˢ˦
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˭ˢˮ˦˟˙˨˨ˬ˪˞˭˹
ˢ˧ˮˬ˛˧˞˲˰˜˩˶˪
ˊˤ˩ˢ˱˞˳˚ˮˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
˰ˢ˧ˢ˧˨˦˩˚˪ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
˃˱ˬ˦˩˙˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˢ˱˞˳ˬˮ˦˧˹˹˴ˤ˩˞
ˑˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˤˮ˙˩˭˞˳˹ˮ˱˶˰ˤ˯
˰˱ˬ˩ˢ˱˞˳ˬˮ˦˧˹˹˴ˤ˩˞
ː˭ˮ˻˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˩ˢ˱ˬ˴˚ˮ˦
˰˱ˬˮˢ˨˞˪˱˜ˢ˭˙˪˶˰˱ˤ˪
ˢ˭˦˳˙˪ˢ˦˞˳˹ˮ˱˶˰ˤ˯
ːˤ˧˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ
ʿ˰˳˞˨˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˚˪˞˪˱˦
ˬ˨˜˰˥ˤ˰ˤ˯
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˯ː˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺˞˭˹˱ˤ˪
˞˥˚˨ˤ˱ˤˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˎˮˬ˰˱˞˱ˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪ˢ˞˲˱˹˰˞˯˞˭˹
˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺˯ˎˮ˦˪˞˭˹˹˨ˢ˯˱˦˯
ˢˮˠ˞˰˜ˢ˯˰˞˲˱˹˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ː˟˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˀˠ˙˨˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˱ˤ˯˩˜ˣ˞˯
ːˤ˧˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ
ˎˢˮ˦˩˚˪ˢ˱ˢ˩˚˴ˮ˦˪˞
˞˧˦˪ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˥ˬ˺˪˭˨˛ˮ˶˯˹˨˞˱˞
˧˦˪ˬ˺˩ˢ˪˞˩˚ˮˤˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞˚˴ˢ˦˧ˮ˲˻˰ˢ˦
ˑˮ˞˟˛˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ˞˭˹
˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜ˬ˺˱˶˯˻˰˱ˢ˪˞˩ˤ˪
ˢ˜˪˞˦ˡ˲˪˞˱˛ˤ˞˥˚˨ˤ˱ˤˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ
˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
ˊˤ˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˢ˜˱ˢˠ˦˞˱ˬ˪
˧˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˧˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺
˩ˢ˲˵ˤ˨˛˭˜ˢ˰ˤ
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˯
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ˊˢ˱˙˞˭˹˧˙˥ˢ˴ˮ˛˰ˤ˧˞˥˞ˮ˜ˣˢ˱ˢ
˧˞˨˙˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ˑˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱ˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˢ˭˙˪˶
˰ˢ˰˱˞˥ˢˮ˛˧˞˦ˢ˭˜˭ˢˡˤ
ˢ˭˦˳˙˪ˢ˦˞
ːˤ˧˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˯˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩ˬ˺˧ˬ˭˛˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺˞˭˹
˱ˬ ˧ˬ˳˱ˢˮ˹˩˞˴˞˜ˮ˦˧ˬ˭˛˯
˓ˬˮ˙˱ˢˠ˙˪˱˦˞ˢˮˠ˞˰˜˞˯
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱˞ˢˮˠ˞˨ˢ˜˞˧ˬ˭˛˯
˭ˮˬ˰ˢ˧˱˦˧˙
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
ˀ˨˙˟ˤ˰˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˊˤˠ˚ˮ˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˭˙˪˶˞˭˹
rː˱ˬ˴˻ˮˬˢ˰˶˱ˢˮ˦˧˛˯˧˞˺˰ˤ˯
˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞ˢ˦˰˴˶ˮ˛˰ˬ˲˪˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
˧˞˦˪˞˭ˮˬ˧˞˨˚˰ˬ˲˪˟˨˙˟ˤ˰˱ˬ˪
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˑˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱ˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˧ˬ˭˛˯
˱˚ˮ˩˞ˢ˭˙˪˶
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˴˻ˮˬ˧ˬ˭˛˯˩ˢ
˟ˬ˺ˮ˱˰˞˰˧ˬ˺˭˞˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˯˛˭˞˪˜
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background
˃˨˨ˤ˪˦˧˙ ˍˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˴˨ˬˬ˧ˬ˭˱˦˧˹˱ˮ˞˧˱˚ˮ

ˊˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˯˧ˬ˭˛˯˩ˢ˩˭ˢ˧
˧˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺
˞˪˙˨ˬˠ˞˩ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˪˱˚˨ˬ
˃˦˧˹˪˞
ˑˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˢ˭˙˪˶
˰ˢˢ˭˜˭ˢˡˤˢ˭˦˳˙˪ˢ˦˞ˢ˨ˢ˺˥ˢˮˤ
˞˭˹˰˟˹˨ˬ˲˯˭˚˱ˮˢ˯˧˱˨˧˞˦
˰ˤ˧˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ
ː˱ˢˮˢ˻˰˱ˢ˚˪˞˪ˢ˺˧˞˩˭˱ˬ
˰˶˨˛˪˞˪ˢˮˬ˺˩ˢ˧ˬ˦˪˹
˱˞˴˲˰˺˪ˡˢ˰˩ˬ˰˱ˬ˩˭ˢ˧
˧˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺ʿ˪ˬ˜˫˱ˢ˱ˤ˟ˮ˺˰ˤ
ˌˢ˧˦˪˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ʿ˳˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˧ˬ˭˛˯˧˞˦
ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪ˠ˦˞˩ˢˮ˦˧˙
˨ˢ˭˱˙
ʿ˭ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˧ˬ˭˛˯˧˞˦˱ˬ˪
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ʿ˭ˬ˩˞˧ˮ˺˪ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪ˢ˺˧˞˩˭˱ˬ
˰˶˨˛˪˞˪ˢˮˬ˺
˃˭˞˪˞˨˙˟ˢ˱ˢ˱˞˟˛˩˞˱˞ದ˰˱ˬ
ˡˢ˺˱ˢˮˬ˩˭ˢ˧˧˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˞˪
˲˭˙ˮ˴ˢ˦
ˊˢ˱˙˱ˤ˪ˬ˨ˬ˧˨˛ˮ˶˰ˤ˱ˤ˯
ˡ˦˞ˡ˦˧˞˰˜˞˯˧˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺
˟˛˩˞ದ
ʿ˪˞˰ˤ˧˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˧ˬ˭˛˯
ˌˢ˧˦˪˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˧˞˦
ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˧ˬ˭˛˯ˠ˦˞˩ˢˮ˦˧˙
˨ˢ˭˱˙˻˰˱ˢ˪˞˰˱ˢˠ˪˻˰ˢ˦ˬ
˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˯˧ˬ˭˛˯
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˩˹˯˱ˤ˯ˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˯
˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
ʿ˳˞˦ˮ˚˰˱ˢ˧˞˦˞ˡˢ˦˙˰˱ˢ˱ˤ
ˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
˅ˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˪˞˧˞˥˞ˮ˦˰˱ˢ˜˩ˢˡ˲˪˞˱˛
ˮ˦˭˛˪ˢˮˬ˺˩ˢ˱ˬ˨˙˰˱˦˴ˬˠ˦˞˱ˬ
˭˹˱˦˰˩˞˱ˬ˲˧˛˭ˬ˲
ˎˮ˦˪˱ˤ˪ˢ˭˹˩ˢ˪ˤ˴ˮ˛˰ˤ˞˳˛˰˱ˢ
˱ˤ˪˞˰˱ˢˠ˪˻˰ˢ˦˧˞˨˙
ː˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ
ˑˤˮˢ˜˱ˢ˱˦˯˭ˮˬˡ˦˞ˠˮ˞˳˚˯
˰˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˯˰˱ˬˢˠ˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˡ˦ˬ
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞ː˱ˬ˱˚˨ˬ˯
˱ˤ˯˰ˢˣ˹˪˞˪˞˥˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˚˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˧˞˦
˱ˤ˰˲˪˱˛ˮˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯˰ˢ
˚˪˞ˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬ
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˭ˢˮ˦˟˙˨˨ˬ˪˞˭˹
˨˙ˡ˦˞˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˶˪
ˎ˞ˮ˞ˡ˜ˡˢ˱ˢ˱˞˧˞˩˚˪˞˨˙ˡ˦˞
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˶˪ˠ˦˞˞˭˹˰˲ˮ˰ˤ˰˱˞
˰˴ˢ˱˦˧˙˧˚˪˱ˮ˞˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˛˰ˢ
ˢ˭˦˴ˢ˦ˮ˛˰ˢ˦˯˞˭˹ˮˮ˦˵ˤ˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˭ˢˮ˦˟˙˨˨ˬ˪˞˭˹
˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜ˢ˯
ˊˤ˪˭ˢ˱˙˱ˢ˱˦˯˧˞˩˚˪ˢ˯˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜ˢ˯
˰˱˞ˬ˦˧˦˞˧˙˞˭ˬˮˮ˜˩˩˞˱˞˂˻˰˱ˢ
˱˦˯˧˞˩˚˪ˢ˯˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜ˢ˯˭ˮˬ˯
˞˭˹˰˲ˮ˰ˤ˰˱ˬ˪˭ˮˬ˩ˤ˥ˢ˲˱˛˰˞˯˛
˰ˢˢ˭˦˴ˢ˜ˮˤ˰ˤ˞˭˹ˮˮ˦˵ˤ˯
ʿ˳˞˦ˮ˚˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˭ˮ˦˪˞˭˹
˱ˤ˪˞˭˹˰˲ˮ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯
˔ˮ˛˰ˤ˧˞˨˶ˡ˜ˬ˲ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ˊˤˠˢ˳˲ˮ˻˪ˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚˩˜˞
˴˞˨˞˰˩˚˪ˤ˛˭˞ˠ˶˩˚˪ˤ˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞
˩ˢ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯ˎˮˬ˰˚˴ˢ˱ˢ
˪˞˩ˤ˪˞˧ˬ˲˩˭ˬ˺˪˩ˢ˱˞˫˺˱ˬ˲˯˱˞
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱˞˧˞˦ˬ˦˞˧ˮˬˡ˚˧˱ˢ˯˱ˬ˲
˧˞˨˶ˡ˜ˬ˲˧˞˦˪˞ˢ˜˪˞˦˰˟ˤ˰˱˚˯ˬ˦
˞˪˞˳˨˚˫ˢ˦˯
ː˲˪ˡ˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˹˧˧˦˪ˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ
ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯˰˱ˬ˲˯˥ˢ˱˦˧ˬ˺˯
˭˹˨ˬ˲˯˱ˤ˯ˢ˧˳ˬˮ˱˦˰˩˚˪ˤ˯
˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯˨˛˭˱ˤ˧˞˦˱ˤ˯
˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯ˡ˹˱ˤ
ː˲˪ˡ˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˞˺ˮˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ
ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯˭ˮ˻˱˞˰˱ˬ˪˞ˮ˪ˤ˱˦˧˹
˭˹˨ˬದ˱ˤ˯˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯ˡ˹˱ˤ
ː˲˪ˡ˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˙˨˨ˬ˞˧ˮˬˡ˚˧˱ˤ
˰˱ˬ˭˨˞˜˰˦ˬ˱ˬ˲˩˭˨ˬ˧˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
˱ˬ˲ˬ˴˛˩˞˱ˬ˯˩ˢ˱ˤ˪
ˢ˧˳ˬˮ˱˦˰˩˚˪ˤ˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˧˞˱˙˱ˬ
ˡ˲˪˞˱˹˪˩˞˧ˮ˦˙˞˭˹˱ˤ
˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭ˬ˲ˤ˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞
ˡ˹˱ˤ˯ˢ˜˪˞˦˱ˬ˭ˬ˥ˢ˱ˤ˩˚˪ˤ˰ˢ
˹˴ˤ˩˞˱˹˱ˢ˱ˬ˹˴ˤ˩˞˞˲˱˹ˡˢ˪
ˢ˭˦˱ˮ˚˭ˢ˱˞˦˪˞˫ˢ˧˦˪˛˰ˢ˦˧˞˱˙˱ˤ
ˡ˦˞ˡ˦˧˞˰˜˞˱ˤ˯˟ˬ˛˥ˢ˦˞˯ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯
˃˧˧˦˪˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˹˴ˤ˩˞˩ˢ˱ˤ˪
ˢ˧˳ˬˮ˱˦˰˩˚˪ˤ˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˧˞˦
˰ˤ˧˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ
ʿ˭ˬ˰˲˪ˡ˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ
ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯˩ˢ˱ˤ˪˞˪˱˜˰˱ˮˬ˳ˤ
˰ˢ˦ˮ˙
ˎ˜ˢ˰ˤˢ˨˞˰˱˦˧˻˪
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
ˊˤ˪˲˭ˢˮ˟˞˜˪ˢ˱ˢ˭ˬ˱˚˱ˤ˩˚ˠ˦˰˱ˤ
ˢ˭˦˱ˮˢ˭˱˛˭˜ˢ˰ˤˢ˨˞˰˱˦˧˻˪˟˨˰˱˞
˱ˬ˦˴˻˩˞˱˞˱˶˪ˢ˨˞˰˱˦˧˻˪ˈ˞˱˙˱ˬ
˳ˬ˺˰˧˶˩˞˱˶˪ˢ˨˞˰˱˦˧˻˪˩ˤ
˰˱˚˧ˢ˰˱ˢ˩˭ˮˬ˰˱˙˛˭˙˪˶˞˭˹
˞˲˱˙
˅˰˲˪˦˰˱˻˩ˢ˪ˤ˭˜ˢ˰ˤ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
˱˶˪ˢ˨˞˰˱˦˧˻˪ˢ˜˪˞˦
˩˭ˮˬ˰˱˙ EDU
˭˜˰˶ EDU
˅˞˲˫ˤ˩˚˪ˤ˭˜ˢ˰ˤ˱˶˪ˢ˨˞˰˱˦˧˻˪
˩ˢ˦˻˪ˢ˦˱ˤˡ˦˙ˮ˧ˢ˦˞ˣ˶˛˯˱˶˪
ˢ˨˞˰˱˦˧˻˪˅˭˜ˢ˰ˤ˱˶˪ˢ˨˞˰˱˦˧˻˪
˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞ˢ˨˚ˠ˴ˢ˱˞˦˭ˮ˦˪˞˭˹˧˙˥ˢ
ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ
ˊˢ˱˙˞˭˹˻ˮˢ˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
ˎˮ˻˱ˤ˞˨˨˞ˠ˛˱ˬ˲˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˱ˬ˲
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞ˁ˦˞˱ˬ˭˹˱ˢ˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞
ˠ˜˪ˬ˪˱˞˦˭ˢˮ˞˦˱˚ˮ˶˞˨˨˞ˠ˚˯
˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˟˨˃ˠ˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˡ˦ˬ
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
˔ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˪ˢˠ˧ˬ˭˛
ˮˬ˛˯˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˭ˮˬ˞˦ˮˢ˱˦˧˙
˃˦˧˹˪˞ˠ˦˞˱ˤ˪ˢ˧˧˚˪˶˰ˤ˱ˬ˲
˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ˊˢ˱˙˞˭˹˻ˮˢ˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
ˉ˦˭˞˜˪ˢ˱ˢ˹˨˞˱˞˰ˤ˩ˢ˜˞
˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮˬ˳˛˯˧˞˦˚ˡˮ˞˰ˤ˯
˩ˬ˴˨˹˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺ˮ˺˥˩˦˰ˤ
˺˵ˬ˲˯˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩ˬ˺˧ˬ˭˛˯
˭ˢ˪˱˙˨ˣˢ˺˫ˤ˯˭ˢ˪˱˙˨˳ˮ˚˪ˬ˲
˩ˢ˩ˢˮ˦˧˚˯˰˱˞ˠ˹˪ˢ˯ˢ˨˞˳ˮˬ˺
˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˲˯˭˹˨ˬ˲˯˱ˤ˯
˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯
ʿ˪˙˻ˮˢ˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
ˁˮ˞˰˙ˮˢ˱ˢ˹˨ˬ˲˯˱ˬ˲˯˙˫ˬ˪ˢ˯
˨ˢ˭˜ˡ˶˪˱˞ˮ˙ˬ˲˨˞˱˙˪˲˰ˤ˯˧˞˦
˱˞˰˱ˤˮ˜ˠ˩˞˱˙˱ˬ˲˯˰˱˞
ˠˮ˞˰˞ˡˬˮ˙˧˦˞˩ˢˠˮ˙˰ˬ˱˺˭ˬ˲
+(3ʿ˪˞˥˚˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˪ˢ˧˱˚˨ˢ˰ˤ
˞˲˱˻˪˱˶˪ˢˮˠ˞˰˦˻˪˰ˢ
ˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬ
ˁˮ˞˰˙ˮˢ˱ˢ˱˞ˡ˹˪˱˦˞˱ˤ˯
˰˺ˣˢ˲˫ˤ˯˱ˬ˲˱˦˩ˬ˪˦ˬ˺˩ˢˠˮ˙˰ˬ
ˠˢ˪˦˧˛˯˴ˮ˛˰ˤ˯
ˉ˞ˡ˻˪ˢ˱ˢ˱˦˯˞ˮ˥ˮ˻˰ˢ˦˯˱ˬ˲
˰˲˰˱˛˩˞˱ˬ˯ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯˩ˢ˩ˢˮ˦˧˚˯
˰˱˞ˠ˹˪ˢ˯ˢ˨˞˳ˮˬ˺˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
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background
ˍˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˴˨ˬˬ˧ˬ˭˱˦˧˹˱ˮ˞˧˱˚ˮ ˃˨˨ˤ˪˦˧˙

ˁˮ˞˰˙ˮˢ˱ˢ˱˞˚ˡˮ˞˪˞˱˶˪
˱ˮˬ˴˻˪˧˞˦˱ˬ˲˯˙˫ˬ˪ˢ˯˱˶˪
ˢ˩˭ˮ˹˰˥˦˶˪˱ˮˬ˴˻˪˰˱˞
ˠˮ˞˰˞ˡˬˮ˙˧˦˞˩ˢˠˮ˙˰ˬ
˭ˬ˨˨˞˭˨˛˯˴ˮ˛˰ˤ˯
ʿ˪˙˻ˮˢ˯˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
ʿ˭ˢ˲˥˲˪˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˰ˢˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ
˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬˠ˦˞˱ˤ˪˞˭ˬ˩˙˧ˮ˲˪˰ˤ
˱˶˪ˮ˺˭˶˪˧˞˦˱˶˪˧˞˱˞˨ˬ˜˭˶˪
˴˨˹ˤ˯˞˭˹˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹
˩ˢ˱˙ˡˬ˰ˤ˯˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˯
ʿ˪˴ˮˢ˦˙ˣˢ˱˞˦
˓˹ˮ˱˦˰ˤ˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯
ʿ˪ˡˢ˪˭ˮ˹˧ˢ˦˱˞˦˪˞
˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰ˢ˱ˢˠ˦˞˩ˢˠ˙˨ˬ
˴ˮˬ˪˦˧˹ˡ˦˙˰˱ˤ˩˞˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
˰˲˪˦˰˱ˬ˺˩ˢ˪˞˟ˠ˙ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞
˞˭˹˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˧˞˦˪˞˱ˤ
˳ˬˮ˱˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˭ˮ˦˪˱ˤ˪˞˭ˬ˥˛˧ˢ˲˰ˤ
˧˞˥˻˯˧˞˦˞˪˙˩˛˪ˢ˯˧˞˱˙˱ˤ˪
˞˭ˬ˥˛˧ˢ˲˰ˤ˧˞˦˪˞˱ˤ˪
ˢ˭˞˪˞˳ˬˮ˱˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˭ˮ˦˪˱ˤ˪ˢ˧˪˚ˬ˲
˥˚˰ˤ˰ˢ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞
˒˭˹ˡˢ˦˫ˤ
ˎˮˬ˰˚˫˱ˢ˱˦˯˲˭ˬˡˢ˜˫ˢ˦˯˰˱˦˯
ˬˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺˱ˬ˲˳ˬˮ˱˦˰˱˛
˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˦˻˪
ʿ˪˱˦˧˞˱˙˰˱˞˰ˤ˱˶˪˞˰˳˞˨ˢ˦˻˪
ʿ˪˱˦˧˞˥˦˰˱˙˱ˢ˱˦˯˧˞˩˚˪ˢ˯
˞˰˳˙˨ˢ˦ˢ˯˩˹˪ˬ˩ˢ˞˰˳˙˨ˢ˦ˢ˯
˜ˡ˦˞˯˦˰˴˺ˬ˯
ˊ˜˞˳ˬˮ˙˧˙˥ˢ˰ˢˣ˹˪
ˁˮ˞˰˙ˮˢ˱ˢ˱˞ˡ˹˪˱˦˞˱ˤ˯˰˺ˣˢ˲˫ˤ˯
˱ˬ˲˱˦˩ˬ˪˦ˬ˺˩ˢˠˮ˙˰ˬˠˢ˪˦˧˛˯
˴ˮ˛˰ˤ˯
ˉ˞ˡ˻˪ˢ˱ˢ˱˦˯˞ˮ˥ˮ˻˰ˢ˦˯˱ˬ˲
˰˲˰˱˛˩˞˱ˬ˯ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯˩ˢ˩ˢˮ˦˧˚˯
˰˱˞ˠ˹˪ˢ˯ˢ˨˞˳ˮˬ˺˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ˉ˦˭˞˜˪ˢ˱ˢ˹˨˞˱˞˰ˤ˩ˢ˜˞
˭ˢˮ˦˰˱ˮˬ˳˛˯˧˞˦˚ˡˮ˞˰ˤ˯˩ˬ˴˨˹˯
˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺ˮ˺˥˩˦˰ˤ˺˵ˬ˲˯˱ˬ˲
˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩ˬ˺˧ˬ˭˛˯˭ˢ˪˱˙˨
ˣˢ˺˫ˤ˯˭ˢ˪˱˙˨˳ˮ˚˪ˬ˲˩ˢ
˩ˢˮ˦˧˚˯˰˱˞ˠ˹˪ˢ˯ˢ˨˞˳ˮˬ˺˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜˧˞˦
ˮ˲˥˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˞˭˹˰˱˞˰ˤ˱˶˪
ˤ˨ˢ˧˱ˮˬˡ˜˶˪˛˞˨˨˙ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ
˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜˟˨˃ˠ˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˡ˦ˬ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ʿ˭ˢ˲˥˲˪˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˰ˢˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ
˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬˠ˦˞˱ˬˠˮ˞˰˙ˮ˦˰˩˞˱˶˪
˞˫˹˪˶˪˱˶˪ˬ˭˜˰˥˦˶˪˱ˮˬ˴˻˪˩ˢ
ˢ˦ˡ˦˧˹ˠˮ˙˰ˬ˭ˬ˲˞˭˶˥ˢ˜˱ˬ˪ˢˮ˹
ʿ˭ˢ˲˥˺˪ˢ˰˱ˢ˰ˢˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ
˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬˠ˦˞˱ˬ˱ˮ˹˴˦˰˩˞˛˱ˤ˪
˞˪˱˦˧˞˱˙˰˱˞˰ˤ˱ˤ˯˨ˢ˭˜ˡ˞˯
˧ˬ˭˛˯
ˊ˞˧ˮˬ˴ˮ˹˪˦˞
˞˧˦˪ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ
ˎˮˬ˰ˬ˴˛
˄ˤ˩˦˚˯˲˨˦˧ˬ˺˰˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ʿ˭ˬ˥ˤ˧ˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˩ˢ˧ˮ˺ˬ
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˩˹˪ˬ˰ˢ˧˞˥˞ˮˬ˺˯˧˞˦
˰˱ˢˠ˪ˬ˺˯˴˻ˮˬ˲˯ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ
˩˞˧ˮˬ˴ˮ˹˪˦˞˯˞˭ˬ˥˛˧ˢ˲˰ˤ˯˭˴
˱ˬ˴ˢ˦˩˻˪˞˭ˮˬ˰˱˞˱ˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ
ˬ˭˶˰ˡ˛˭ˬ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˞˭˹˱ˤ
˰˧ˬ˲ˮ˦˙
ˊˢ˱˙˱ˬ˱˚˨ˬ˯˱ˤ˯˰ˢˣ˹˪˛˹˱˞˪˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞ˡˢ˪˭ˮ˹˧ˢ˦˱˞˦˪˞
˴ˮˤ˰˦˩ˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˥ˢ˜ˠ˦˞ˡ˦˙˰˱ˤ˩˞
˩ˢˠ˞˨˺˱ˢˮˬ˞˭˹˚˪˞˩˛˪˞
ˈ˞˥˞ˮ˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˧˞˦˱ˤ
ˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
ː˧ˬ˲˭˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˹˨˞˱˞˩ˢ˱˞˨˨˦˧˙
˩˚ˮˤ˱ˬ˲˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱ˬ˯˩ˢ
˨˞ˡ˶˩˚˪ˬ˭˞˪˜˛˵ˢ˧˙ˣˢ˱˚˱˞˩ˢ
˨˙ˡ˦˵ˢ˧˞˰˩ˬ˺ˠ˦˞˪˞˱˞
˭ˮˬ˰˱˞˱˚˵ˢ˱ˢ˞˭˹˱ˤ˰˧ˬ˲ˮ˦˙
˓ˬˮ˱˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˩ˢ
˳ˬˮ˱˦˰˱˛
ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˞˧˦˪ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ˯
˧˞˱˙˱ˤˡ˦˙ˮ˧ˢ˦˞˱ˬ˲˴ˢ˦˩˻˪˞
˞˳˞˦ˮˢ˜˱ˢ˱ˤ˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˳ˬˮ˱˜ˣˢ˱˚
˱ˤ˧˞˦˞˭ˬ˥ˤ˧ˢ˺ˢ˱˚˱ˤ˰ˢ˚˪˞
˰˱ˢˠ˪˹˵˲˴ˮ˹˩˚ˮˬ˯
˭ˮˬ˰˱˞˱ˢ˲˩˚˪ˤ˞˭˹˱ˬ˪
˭˞ˠˢ˱˹ʿ˪˙ದˢ˟ˡˬ˩˙ˡˢ˯
˧˞˥˻˯˧˞˦˭ˮ˦˪˱ˤ˪
ˢ˭˞˪˞˱ˬ˭ˬ˥˚˱ˤ˰ˤ˳ˬˮ˱˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱ˤ
˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞
ʿˡˢ˦˙ˣˢ˱ˢ˱˞˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˩˹˪ˬ˰˱ˤ˪
˺˭˞˦˥ˮˬ˧˞˦ˢ˧˱ˢ˨ˢ˜˱ˢ˱˦˯
ˢˮˠ˞˰˜ˢ˯˞˧˦˪ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ˯˱ˬ˲
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˹˭˶˯˭ˢˮ˦ˠˮ˙˳ˢ˱˞˦
˰˱ˬˢˠ˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˡ˦ˬ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯˱ˬ˲
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˁˢ˩˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˱˞ˢ˨˞˰˱˦˧˙˩ˢ˞˚ˮ˞
˰˺˩˳˶˪˞˩ˢ˱˞˰˱ˬ˦˴ˢ˜˞˰˱˞
˱ˬ˦˴˻˩˞˱˙˱ˬ˲˯ˑ˞ˢ˨˞˰˱˦˧˙
˴˶ˮ˜˯˰˱ˬ˦˴ˢ˜˞˰˱˞˱ˬ˦˴˻˩˞˱˙
˱ˬ˲˯˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞ˠˢ˩˜ˣˬ˲˪˩ˢ˞˚ˮ˞
˭˜ˢ˰ˤ˯EDU
ʿ˭ˬ˥ˤ˧ˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˰ˢ
˧˞˥˞ˮ˹˰˱ˢˠ˪˹˴˻ˮˬ
˃ˠˠ˺ˤ˰ˤ
ːˢ˧˙˥ˢ˴˻ˮ˞˦˰˴˺ˬ˲˪ˬ˦˹ˮˬ˦
ˢˠˠ˺ˤ˰ˤ˯˭ˬ˲ˢ˧ˡ˹˥ˤ˧˞˪˞˭˹˱ˤ˪
ˢ˱˞˦ˮˢ˜˞˩˞˯˛˞˭˹˱ˬ˪ˢ˦˰˞ˠ˶ˠ˚˞
ˀ˨˙˟ˢ˯ˢ˭˦ˡ˦ˬˮ˥˻˪ˬ˲˩ˢ˰˱ˬ
˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˙˰˞˯ˡ˶ˮˢ˙˪˰˱˞˭˨˞˜˰˦˞
˱ˤ˯ˢˠˠ˺ˤ˰ˤ˯ˢ˳˹˰ˬ˪ˤ˞˦˱˜˞ˢ˜˪˞˦
ˢ˨˙˱˱˶˩˞˲˨˦˧ˬ˺˛˧˞˱˞˰˧ˢ˲˞˰˱˦˧˹
˰˳˙˨˩˞ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˭˞ˮˬ˴˛˯
ˢˠˠ˺ˤ˰ˤ˯˞˭ˢ˲˥˺˪ˢ˰˱ˢ˰˱ˬ
˧˞˱˙˰˱ˤ˩˞˞˭˹˱ˬˬ˭ˬ˜ˬ
˞ˠˬˮ˙˰˞˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˛˰˱ˬ
˭˨ˤ˰˦˚˰˱ˢˮˬ˲˭ˬ˧˞˱˙˰˱ˤ˩˙˩˞˯
ˎ˨ˤˮˬ˳ˬˮ˜ˢ˯˰˴ˢ˱˦˧˙˩ˢ
˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˍ˧˞˱˞˰˧ˢ˲˞˰˱˛˯˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˳˚ˮˢ˦
ˢ˲˥˺˪ˤˠ˦˞˹˨˞˱˞˭ˮˬ˟˨˛˩˞˱˞˭ˬ˲
˞˳ˬˮˬ˺˪˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˰˴ˢ˱˦˧˙˩ˢ˱ˤ˪
˞˭˹ˡˬ˰ˤ˦˰˴˺˱ˤ˩˚˱ˮˤ˰ˤ˦˰˴˺ˬ˯
˱˞˱ˢ˴˪˦˧˙˴˞ˮ˞˧˱ˤˮ˦˰˱˦˧˙˱ˤ˪
ˢˠˠ˺ˤ˰ˤ˧˞˦˱ˬ˰˚ˮ˟˦˯ː˴ˢ˱˦˧˚˯
˭˨ˤˮˬ˳ˬˮ˜ˢ˯˥˞˟ˮˢ˜˱ˢ˰˱ˬ
˫ˢ˴˶ˮ˦˰˱˹ˢˠ˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˡ˦ˬ˩ˢ˱˦˯ˬˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯
˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˭ˬ˲ˢ˧ˡ˜ˡˢ˦
ˬ˧˞˱˞˰˧ˢ˲˞˰˱˛˯ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˪˦ˡ˦ˬ˧˱˛˱ˤ
˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˱˛˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ʿ˪˱˦˩ˢ˱˻˭˦˰ˤ˟˨˞˟˻˪
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯
ˈ˜˪ˡ˲˪ˬ˯˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺˞˭˹˱ˤ˪
˞˥˚˨ˤ˱ˤˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˎˮˬ˰˱˞˱ˢ˺ˢ˱ˢ˱ˬ˪ˢ˞˲˱˹˰˞˯˞˭˹
˱ˮ˞˲˩˞˱˦˰˩ˬ˺˯ˎˮ˦˪˞˭˹˹˨ˢ˯˱˦˯
ˢˮˠ˞˰˜ˢ˯˰˞˲˱˹˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ː˟˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˀˠ˙˨˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˦ˡ˜˱ˤ˯˩˜ˣ˞˯
ːˤ˧˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ
ˎˢˮ˦˩˚˪ˢ˱ˢ˩˚˴ˮ˦˪˞
˞˧˦˪ˤ˱ˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˥ˬ˺˪˭˨˛ˮ˶˯˹˨˞˱˞
˧˦˪ˬ˺˩ˢ˪˞˩˚ˮˤˬ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯
˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦˪˞˚˴ˢ˦˧ˮ˲˻˰ˢ˦
ˑˮ˞˟˛˫˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ˞˭˹
˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜ˬ˺˱˶˯˻˰˱ˢ˪˞˩ˤ˪
ˢ˜˪˞˦ˡ˲˪˞˱˛ˤ˞˥˚˨ˤ˱ˤˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ
˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˀ˨˙˟ˢ˯˰˱ˤ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˱ˬ˲
˩ˤ˴˞˪˛˩˞˱˹˯˰˞˯˚˴ˬ˲˪˰˲˴˪˙
˞˭˨˚˯˞˦˱˜ˢ˯˱˦˯ˬ˭ˬ˜ˢ˯˥˞˭ˮ˚˭ˢ˦
˪˞ˠ˪˶ˮ˜ˣˢ˱ˢ˧˞˦ˢ˪˩˚ˮˢ˦˪˞
˩˭ˬˮˢ˜˱ˢ˪˞˞˪˱˦˩ˢ˱˶˭˜ˣˢ˱ˢˬ˦˜ˡ˦ˢ˯
ˬ˦ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˞˩˳˦˟ˬ˨˦˻˪˥˞
˰˞˯˟ˬˤ˥˛˰ˢ˦˱ˬˡ˦˧˹˰˞˯
ˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬ
!
background
˃˨˨ˤ˪˦˧˙ ˍˡˤˠ˜ˢ˯˴ˢ˦ˮ˦˰˩ˬ˺ˠ˦˞˱ˬ˴˨ˬˬ˧ˬ˭˱˦˧˹˱ˮ˞˧˱˚ˮ

ˎˮ˹˟˨ˤ˩˞ ˎ˦˥˞˪˛˚˯˞˦˱˜˞ˢ˯ ʿ˪˱˦˩ˢ˱˻˭˦˰ˤ
˅˩˜ˣ˞ˡˢ˪ˠ˲ˮ˜ˣˢ˦ ʸ˴ˢ˦ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˥ˢ˜˱ˬ˰˺˰˱ˤ˩˞
˞˰˳˙˨˦˰ˤ˯
ˁ˦˞˱ˤ˪ˢ˧˧˜˪ˤ˰ˤ˧˞˥˜˰˱ˢ˰˱ˬ˧˙˥˦˰˩˞˱ˬ˲
ˬˡˤˠˬ˺˭˞˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˭ˢ˪˱˙˨˳ˮ˚˪ˬ˲˩˚˴ˮ˦˱ˬ
˱˚ˮ˩˞˛˞˪˱˜˰˱ˬ˦˴˞˰ˤ˧˻˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˴ˢ˦ˮ˹˳ˮˢ˪ˬ
ʿ˭ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˧ˬ˭˛˯
ː˲˪˞ˮ˩ˬ˨ˬˠ˛˰˱ˢ˱ˤˡ˦˙˱˞˫ˤ˰˲˨˨ˬˠ˛˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
˩˞ˣ˜˩ˢ˱ˬ˧˞˪˙˨˦ˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲˛˱ˬ˧˨˞˭˚˱ˬˢ˫˹ˡˬ˲˛
˱ˬ˧˨ˢ˜˥ˮˬ˧˙˨˲˵ˤ˯˱ˤ˯˴˨˹ˤ˯
˅˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞ˡˢ˪˚˴ˢ˦˰˲˪ˡˢ˥ˢ˜
˰˶˰˱˙
ː˲˪ˡ˚˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˧˹˧˧˦˪ˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ˰˱ˬ˥ˢ˱˦˧˹˭˹˨ˬ
˱ˤ˯˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯˧˞˦˱ˬ˩˞˺ˮˬ˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬ˰˱ˬ˪
˞ˮ˪ˤ˱˦˧˹˭˹˨ˬದ˱ˤ˯˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞˯
ʶˡˢ˦˞˛˞˰˥ˢ˪˛˯˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞ ˓ˬˮ˱˜˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˩˭˞˱˞ˮ˜˞
ʸ˴ˢ˦ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦ˤ˥ˢ˜ˤ˞˰˳˙˨ˢ˦˞ ʿ˨˨˙˫˱ˢ˱ˤ˪˞˰˳˙˨ˢ˦˞ːˢ˭ˢˮ˜˭˱˶˰ˤ˰˲˴˪˛˯
ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˜ˤ˰ˤ˯˱ˤ˯˞˰˳˙˨ˢ˦˞˯˪˞˞˪˞ˣˤ˱ˤ˥ˢ˜ˤ
˞˦˱˜˞˰˲˪˛˥˶˯˟ˮ˞˴˲˧˺˧˨˶˩˞
˔˞˨˞ˮ˹˧˞˨˻ˡ˦ˬˠˢ˜˶˰ˤ˯
˞˪˙˩ˢ˰˞˰˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˧˞˦˱ˬ
˭˨˞˜˰˦ˬ
ʿ˭ˬ˧˞˱˞˰˱˛˰˱ˢ˱ˤ˰˺˪ˡˢ˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˧˞˨˶ˡ˜ˬ˲
ˠˢ˜˶˰ˤ˯
˅˩˜ˣ˞ˠ˲ˮ˜ˣˢ˦˞˨˨˙ˬ
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯ˡˢ˪˞˪˙˟ˢ˦
ˉ˞˪˥˞˰˩˚˪ˤˮ˺˥˩˦˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˱˰ˬ˧
˧˞˦˱ˬ˲˩ˬ˴˨ˬ˺ˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺
˃˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˱˰ˬ˧
ˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩ˬ˴˨˹ˠ˧˞ˣ˦ˬ˺˰˱ˤ˥˚˰ˤ
ˑˬ˧˞ˮ˩˭˦ˮ˞˱˚ˮˡˢ˪ˢ˳ˬˡ˦˙ˣˢ˱˞˦
˩ˢ˧˞˺˰˦˩˞˙ˡˢ˦ˬ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ
ˁˢ˩˜˰˱ˢ˱ˬˮˢˣˢˮ˟ˬ˲˙ˮ˩ˢ˧˞˺˰˦˩˞
˔˞˨˞˰˩˚˪ˬ˛˨ˢˮ˶˩˚˪ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜ ˃˫ˢ˱˙˰˱ˢ˱ˬ˩˭ˬ˲ˣ˜˟˨˃ˠ˴ˢ˦ˮ˜ˡ˦ˬ˨ˢ˦˱ˬ˲ˮˠ˜˞˯
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
˂ˢ˪˰˴ˤ˩˞˱˜ˣˢ˱˞˦˰˭˦˪˥˛ˮ˞˯
˞˪˙˳˨ˢ˫ˤ˯
ʿ˭ˢ˲˥˲˪˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˰ˢˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬˠ˦˞˱ˬ˪
˚˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˱ˤ˯˞˪˙˳˨ˢ˫ˤ˯
ˍ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯˟ˠ˙ˣˢ˦˧˞˭˪˹ ˎˬ˨˺˨˙ˡ˦˰˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞ ʿ˭ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˞˩˚˰˶˯˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞˃˨˚ˠ˫˱ˢ
˱ˤ˰˱˙˥˩ˤ˨˞ˡ˦ˬ˺˰˱ˬ˪˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
˔˞˨˞˰˩˚˪ˬ˯˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯ ʿ˭ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˞˩˚˰˶˯˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ʿ˭ˢ˲˥˲˪˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˰ˢˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬˠ˦˞˱ˬ˪
˚˨ˢˠ˴ˬ˱ˬ˲˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
ˇ˰˴˲ˮ˚˯ˡˬ˪˛˰ˢ˦˯ ˀ˨˙˟ˢ˯˰˱ˬ˪˙˫ˬ˪˞˱ˤ˯˨ˢ˭˜ˡ˞˯˛
˴˞˨˞˰˩˚˪ˤ˨ˢ˭˜ˡ˞˧ˬ˭˛˯
ʿ˭ˢ˪ˢˮˠˬ˭ˬ˦˛˰˱ˢ˞˩˚˰˶˯˱ˬ˩ˤ˴˙˪ˤ˩˞
ʿ˭ˢ˲˥˲˪˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˰ˢˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬˠ˦˞˱ˤ˪
˞˪˱˦˧˞˱˙˰˱˞˰ˤ˱˶˪ˢ˨˞˱˱˶˩˞˱˦˧˻˪˩ˢˮ˻˪
ˍ˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˯˧ˬ˭˛˯ˡˢ˪
˭ˢ˱˙˚˫˶˱ˤ˴˨˹ˤ˛ˤ˧ˬ˭˛
˱ˤ˯˴˨˹ˤ˯ˡˢ˪ˢ˜˪˞˦
˧˞˥˞ˮ˛
˔˞˩ˤ˨˹˯˞ˮ˦˥˩˹˯˰˱ˮˬ˳˻˪
˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞
˂˻˰˱ˢ˭ˢˮ˦˰˰˹˱ˢˮˬˠ˧˙ˣ˦
ˎˬ˨˺˩ˢˠ˙˨ˤ˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯ ˏ˲˥˩˜˰˱ˢ˩˦˧ˮ˹˱ˢˮˤ˱˞˴˺˱ˤ˱˞ˬˡ˛ˠˤ˰ˤ˯
ː˱ˬ˩˶˩˚˪ˤ˨ˢ˭˜ˡ˞˧ˬ˭˛˯ ʿ˭ˢ˲˥˲˪˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˰ˢˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬˠ˦˞˱ˬ
˱ˮ˹˴˦˰˩˞˛˱ˤ˪˞˨˨˞ˠ˛˱ˤ˯˨ˢ˭˜ˡ˞˯˧ˬ˭˛˯
ˍ˧˦˪ˤ˱˛ˮ˞˯ˡˬ˲˨ˢ˺ˢ˦ˬ
˩ˤ˴˞˪˦˰˩˹˯˧ˬ˭˛˯ˡˢ˪
˧ˬ˲ˮˢ˺ˢ˦
ˈˬ˩˩˚˪ˬ˯˦˩˙˪˱˞˯ ʿ˭ˢ˲˥˲˪˥ˢ˜˱ˢ˰ˢˢ˫ˢ˦ˡ˦˧ˢ˲˩˚˪ˬ˰˲˪ˢˮˠˢ˜ˬˠ˦˞˱ˤ˪
˞˪˱˦˧˞˱˙˰˱˞˰ˤ˱ˬ˲˦˩˙˪˱˞
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