• XNO-6120R • SNP-6321H • PNP-9200H • XNV-6085R • PNM-9080VQ
Wisenet Products
About Hanwha Techwin Europe
Hanwha Techwin is a global leader developing and manufacturing video surveillance solutions. With over 40 years
of expertise and background gained in developing precision engineering, optical engineering, and image processing
equipment, we supply an extensive range of open platform CCTV cameras that incorporate specialist analytics software
suitable for small to enterprise solutions.
The Wisenet Range
Dome Box Vandal Dome Pan Tilt Zoom (PTZ) Bullet Fisheye*
HIGH END
ENTRY
All ranges are available in the forms below:
*available in all ranges but HD+
Premium top of the range 4K Ultra HD
eXtreme performance high end with analytics
Quality entry level IP network cameras
Analogue High Denition (1080p)
QUICK GUIDE
Why Choose Wisenet?
• We make our own proprietary chipset and lenses
oering the best in class image processing technoloy
• We lower the ‘Total Cost of Ownership’ by oering the
lowest failure rates in the industry
• Our wide range of innovative features built into the
Wisenet cameras / camera integration with multiple
on-board 3rd party analytics applications
• Our unique video compression technology called
WiseStream II can reduce data by up to 99%, when
combined with H.265 compression. WiseStream is
available on Wisenet Q, P and X series cameras.
• The huge processing power of the open platform
chipsets at the heart of Wisenet cameras
• Oering a 5 year warranty to our STEP Partners
PNF-9010R PNM-9020V PNO-9080R PNP-9200RH
Description
12M 4K Fisheye Camera
7.3M Multi-sensor 180˚
Panoramic Camera"
12M 4K Network IR Bullet Camera 4K PTZ Network Dome Camera
Lens
2.1mm fixed lens 3.6mm fixed lens
4.5 ~ 10mm (2.2x) motorized
varifocal lens
4.8 ~96mm (Optical 20x)
Infrared
Yes No Yes Yes
Backlight
Compensation
WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB)
Internal / External
Internal External External External
Power
Max. 12W (PoE) Max. 25.5W (PoE) Max. 10.43W (PoE) Max. 60.0W/90.0W
XNB-8000 XND-6011F XND-6080R XNF-8010R
Description
5M Network Box Camera 2M Network Dome Camera 2M Network IR Dome Camera 6M Sensor Fisheye Camera
Lens
N/A - lens not included Built-in 2.8mm fixed lens
2.8 ~ 12mm (4.3x) motorized
varifocal lens
1.6mm fixed lens
Infrared
No No Yes Yes
Backlight
Compensation
WDR (120dB) WDR (150dB) WDR (150dB) WDR (120dB)
Internal / External
Internal Internal Internal Internal
Power
Max.8.5W (PoE) Max.4.7W, PoE / 12V DC Max. 10W (PoE) Max. 12W (PoE)
XNP-6120H XNP-6370RH XNV-6080R XNV-6120
Description
2M 12x Network PTZ Dome Camera
2M 37x Network IR PTZ Dome
Camera
2M Vandal-Resistant Network IR
Dome Camera
2M Vandal-Resistant Network
Dome Camera
Lens
5.2 ~ 62.4mm (12x) optical zoom,
32x digital zoom
6 ~ 222mm (37x), 16x digital zoom
2.8 ~ 12mm (4.3x) motorized
varifocal len
5.2 ~ 62.4mm (Optical 12X)
Optical Lens
Infrared
No No Yes No
Backlight
Compensation
WDR (150dB) WDR (120dB) WDR (150dB) WDR (150dB)
Internal / External
External External External External
Power
Max. 12W (PoE) Max. 60W (24AV AC) Max.12.95W (PoE) Max. 7.8W (PoE)
PRN-4011 XRN-1610S XRN-2010
Description
64CH H.265 Network Video
Recorder
16CH Network Video Recorder with
PoE Switch
32CH Network Video Recorder
Max. Recording
Bit Rate
400Mbps network camera
recording
180Mbps network camera
recording
256Mbps network camera
recording
Max. # of Cameras
64 16 32
Internal Storage
Max. 12 internal HDDs(96TB)
Max. 4HDDs, e-SATA storage
supported
Max. 8 internal HDDs (48TB),
e-SATAT / iSCSI storage support
Features
ARB & Failover (N+1) support Plug & play by 16 PoE/PoE+ ports ARB & Failover (N+1) support
QND-6070R QND-7010R QNO-6020R QNV-7080R
Description
2M Network IR Dome Camera 4M Network IR Dome Camera 2M Network IR Bullet Camera
4M Vandal-Resistant Network IR
Dome Camera
Lens
2.8 ~ 12mm (4.3x) varifocal lens Built-in 2.8mm fixed lens Built-in 3.6mm fixed lens
2.8 ~ 12mm (4.3x) motorized
varifocal lens
Infrared
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Backlight
Compensation
WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB)
Internal / External
Internal Internal External External
Power
Max. 7.0W (12 V DC), Max 8.0W (PoE) Max.7.0W (PoE) Max.7.0W (PoE) Max. 7.2W (PoE)
HCD-6070R HCO-6080R HCP-6230 HCV-6070R
Description
2M AHD Varifocal Dome Camera
2M AHD Motorised Varifocal Bullet
Camera
2M AHD 23x Zoom Internal PTZ
Camera
2M AHD Varifocal Vandal Dome
Camera
Lens
3.2 ~ 10mm (3.1x) V/F lens
3.2 ~ 10mm (3.1x) motorized
V/F lens
Powerful 23x Zoom
(4.44 ~ 101.2mm)
3.2 ~ 10mm (3.1x) V/F lens
Infrared
Yes Yes No Yes
Backlight
Compensation
WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB)
Internal / External
Internal External Internal External
Power
Max. 4.2W Max. 3.5W Max. 20.0W Max. 4.2W
NVRs
PNF-9010R PNM-9020V PNO-9080R PNP-9200RH
Description
12M 4K Fisheye Camera
7.3M Multi-sensor 180˚
Panoramic Camera"
12M 4K Network IR Bullet Camera 4K PTZ Network Dome Camera
Lens
2.1mm fixed lens 3.6mm fixed lens
4.5 ~ 10mm (2.2x) motorized
varifocal lens
4.8 ~96mm (Optical 20x)
Infrared
Yes No Yes Yes
Backlight
Compensation
WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB)
Internal / External
Internal External External External
Power
Max. 12W (PoE) Max. 25.5W (PoE) Max. 10.43W (PoE) Max. 60.0W/90.0W
XNB-8000 XND-6011F XND-6080R XNF-8010R
Description
5M Network Box Camera 2M Network Dome Camera 2M Network IR Dome Camera 6M Sensor Fisheye Camera
Lens
N/A - lens not included Built-in 2.8mm fixed lens
2.8 ~ 12mm (4.3x) motorized
varifocal lens
1.6mm fixed lens
Infrared
No No Yes Yes
Backlight
Compensation
WDR (120dB) WDR (150dB) WDR (150dB) WDR (120dB)
Internal / External
Internal Internal Internal Internal
Power
Max.8.5W (PoE) Max.4.7W, PoE / 12V DC Max. 10W (PoE) Max. 12W (PoE)
XNP-6120H XNP-6370RH XNV-6080R XNV-6120
Description
2M 12x Network PTZ Dome Camera
2M 37x Network IR PTZ Dome
Camera
2M Vandal-Resistant Network IR
Dome Camera
2M Vandal-Resistant Network
Dome Camera
Lens
5.2 ~ 62.4mm (12x) optical zoom,
32x digital zoom
6 ~ 222mm (37x), 16x digital zoom
2.8 ~ 12mm (4.3x) motorized
varifocal len
5.2 ~ 62.4mm (Optical 12X)
Optical Lens
Infrared
No No Yes No
Backlight
Compensation
WDR (150dB) WDR (120dB) WDR (150dB) WDR (150dB)
Internal / External
External External External External
Power
Max. 12W (PoE) Max. 60W (24AV AC) Max.12.95W (PoE) Max. 7.8W (PoE)
PRN-4011 XRN-1610S XRN-2010
Description
64CH H.265 Network Video
Recorder
16CH Network Video Recorder with
PoE Switch
32CH Network Video Recorder
Max. Recording
Bit Rate
400Mbps network camera
recording
180Mbps network camera
recording
256Mbps network camera
recording
Max. # of Cameras
64 16 32
Internal Storage
Max. 12 internal HDDs(96TB)
Max. 4HDDs, e-SATA storage
supported
Max. 8 internal HDDs (48TB),
e-SATAT / iSCSI storage support
Features
ARB & Failover (N+1) support Plug & play by 16 PoE/PoE+ ports ARB & Failover (N+1) support
QND-6070R QND-7010R QNO-6020R QNV-7080R
Description
2M Network IR Dome Camera 4M Network IR Dome Camera 2M Network IR Bullet Camera
4M Vandal-Resistant Network IR
Dome Camera
Lens
2.8 ~ 12mm (4.3x) varifocal lens Built-in 2.8mm fixed lens Built-in 3.6mm fixed lens
2.8 ~ 12mm (4.3x) motorized
varifocal lens
Infrared
Yes Yes Yes Yes
Backlight
Compensation
WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB)
Internal / External
Internal Internal External External
Power
Max. 7.0W (12 V DC), Max 8.0W (PoE) Max.7.0W (PoE) Max.7.0W (PoE) Max. 7.2W (PoE)
HCD-6070R HCO-6080R HCP-6230 HCV-6070R
Description
2M AHD Varifocal Dome Camera
2M AHD Motorised Varifocal Bullet
Camera
2M AHD 23x Zoom Internal PTZ
Camera
2M AHD Varifocal Vandal Dome
Camera
Lens
3.2 ~ 10mm (3.1x) V/F lens
3.2 ~ 10mm (3.1x) motorized
V/F lens
Powerful 23x Zoom
(4.44 ~ 101.2mm)
3.2 ~ 10mm (3.1x) V/F lens
Infrared
Yes Yes No Yes
Backlight
Compensation
WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB) WDR (120dB)
Internal / External
Internal External Internal External
Power
Max. 4.2W Max. 3.5W Max. 20.0W Max. 4.2W
NVRs
Controller /
PoE Extender
SPC-7000 SPC-2000 SPC-2010
Features
Network/Anlaog Cameras /
NVR / DVR / SSM Controller
• 5" TFT Touch LCD
• Network Camera / SSM / Analog
Camera / DVR Control
• User-Friendly Design and Easy-to-
Use Keypad
• 3 Axis Joystick to Control PTZ
Function
• Detachable Joystick / Jogshuttle for
Universe Use (Right / Left Hand Use)
• USB Interface Support (1ea for SSM,
1ea for Image Snapshot / Upgrade)
• Fast Camera-Tile Mapping, Config
Import / Export
Network Controller
• Superior System Compatibility
• 3D Joystick Control
• Quick and Easy Installation
• SSM Support
PTZ / DVR System Controller
• Control up to 255 PTZ Cameras /
DVRs
• Built-in 3 Axis Twist Zoom Joystick
• Built-in Jog Shuttle
• 16 x 2 Character LCD Display
• RS-485 and RS-422 Interface
Controller/PoE Extenders
P R N
-
1 0
Series Name
P : Premium
X : Versatile
Q : Quality (16ch
↓
)
H : Advanced (AHD)
T : Vertical (Special)
S : Legacy (Existing)
Shape
D : DVR
H : Hybrid
M : Mobile
N : NVR
P : PC DVR
S : S/W
Function
C : Coaxial
D : DVD
L : Non-RT
S : PoE Switch
U : UTP
M : PoE Switch
with M12
Connector
Video
Signal
Null
N : NTSC
P : PAL
Capacity
3G : 320GB
5G : 520GB
1T ~ 9T : 1 ~ 9 TB
10 ~ 99 : 10 ~ 99 TB
Product Type
R : Recorder
Channel / Mbps
[ ~16ch : Max CH ]
4 : 4CH
8 : 8CH
16 : 16CH
[ 2ch~ : Max Mbps ]
10 : 100 ~ 199Mbps
20 : 200 ~ 299Mbps
30 : 300 ~ 399Mbps
40 : 400 ~ 499Mbps
50 : 500 ~ 599Mbps
Performance
[ HD DVR ]
1 : SD
2 : Up to 720p
3 : Up to 1080p
4 : Up to 5MP
5 : Up to 8MP
[ NVR ]
0 ~ 9 : Major Version
Version
0 ~ 9
Grade
Null : Basic
04 1 1 N
P N M
-
Series Name
P : Premium (4K)
X : Versatile (WN5)
Q : Quality (Entry)
H : Advanced (AHD)
T : Vertical (Special)
S : Legacy (Existing)
Shape
B : Box
D : Dome
F : Fisheye
M : Multi-
Sensor
O : Bullet
P : PTZ
U : Positioning
V : Vandal
Z : Zoom box
Feature
A : Revision
B : Black Color
C : Counting or CVBS
E : Explosion Proof
F : Flush or SFP LC
(Fibre Channel)
L : Laser
H : Housing
M : Mobile
(M-12 connector)
Q : Quad eye
R : IR
S : Stainless Steel
T : Thermal
DU : Dummy
RU : Dummy with IR
V : Vandal
Video
Signal
Null
N : NTSC
P : PAL
Power
Null : AC24V/12V
DC
A : AC24V
D : 12V DC
H : High Voltage
(AC 110V)
Product Type
N : Network cam
C : Analog cam
U : UTP Camera
Total Resolution
1 : ~ VGA
2 : BLC CCD
3 : WDR CCD
4 : SVGA, 1/2”
5 : 1M
6 : 2M
7 : 3 ~ 4M
8 : 5M
9 : 8M
↑
Lens
00 : No Lens
01 : 3mm
↓
xed
02 : 3.1 ~ 4mm xed
03 : 4.1 ~ 6mm xed
04 : 6.1 ~ 9.9mm xed
05 : 10mm
↑
xed
06 : 2X V/F
07 : 2X ~ 9X V/F
08 : 2X ~ 9X M-V/F
09 : 10X
↑
V/F
Xx : Zoom (PTZ, Zoom)
Version
0 ~ 9
Grade
Null : Basic
E : Entry
39 2 0 R H
Product naming guide
Camera
Recorder
ANPR & Safe City Cloud
ANPR enabled X series cameras & Safe City Cloud solution
• Comprehensive ANPR edge camera solution
• More than 95% recognition accuracy in any environment or condition.
• Guaranteed for vehicles at a maximum speed of 80 kmph.
• Reliably detects number plates from all European countries.
• Complete monitoing from Cloud application
• Specic reactions for listed cars (black/white list)
• Get notied on listed vehicle appearance
• Live monitoring
• Parking lots management
• Identify frequent visitors and know their prole
• Trac density
• Average trac speeds across day, week, month
• Density, speeding, trac-jam visualisation
• Plate switching, trespassing
• Bus lane monitoring
• Street parking violations
Wisenet Traffic Management Solution
DesktopCloud ServerMobile
Hanwha Techwin
specic features
NVR monitoring, search & playback;
and deep camera integration with:
• H.265
• Wisestream
• All triggering Events including
sound classication, loitering
and queue management
• Simple focus setting
• Multi directional camera support
• Hallway view
• HTTPS
• Time Settings
• Camera prole / Image conguration
• PTZ preset sync
An operating system to suit your needs
Wisenet WAVE has applications for all major operating systems so our users
are not limited by what device or operating system they choose to use on
their desktops, mobile devices, rack mount servers, or even low-powered
embedded devices. chose a solution that suits your business needs; Cloud
- Desktop- Mobile - Server.
Wisenet WAVE has full SUNAPI 2.0 integration for WISENET cameras
and recorders.
Our new WiseNet Wave VMS is the perfect partner for middle to large scale
projects due to its intuitive user interface.
Open Video Platform
The most intuitive, easy to use and powerful VMS
• Drag and drop interface for intuitive video management
• Video wall and completely customisable layouts
• Full support for Hanwha Techwin advanced analytics and events
• ONVIF support for 3rd party cameras and encoders
• API integrations for 3rd party Access and Storage systems
Wisenet WAVE
Controller /
PoE Extender
SPC-7000 SPC-2000 SPC-2010
Features
Network/Anlaog Cameras /
NVR / DVR / SSM Controller
• 5" TFT Touch LCD
• Network Camera / SSM / Analog
Camera / DVR Control
• User-Friendly Design and Easy-to-
Use Keypad
• 3 Axis Joystick to Control PTZ
Function
• Detachable Joystick / Jogshuttle for
Universe Use (Right / Left Hand Use)
• USB Interface Support (1ea for SSM,
1ea for Image Snapshot / Upgrade)
• Fast Camera-Tile Mapping, Config
Import / Export
Network Controller
• Superior System Compatibility
• 3D Joystick Control
• Quick and Easy Installation
• SSM Support
PTZ / DVR System Controller
• Control up to 255 PTZ Cameras /
DVRs
• Built-in 3 Axis Twist Zoom Joystick
• Built-in Jog Shuttle
• 16 x 2 Character LCD Display
• RS-485 and RS-422 Interface
Controller/PoE Extenders
P R N
-
1 0
Series Name
P : Premium
X : Versatile
Q : Quality (16ch
↓
)
H : Advanced (AHD)
T : Vertical (Special)
S : Legacy (Existing)
Shape
D : DVR
H : Hybrid
M : Mobile
N : NVR
P : PC DVR
S : S/W
Function
C : Coaxial
D : DVD
L : Non-RT
S : PoE Switch
U : UTP
M : PoE Switch
with M12
Connector
Video
Signal
Null
N : NTSC
P : PAL
Capacity
3G : 320GB
5G : 520GB
1T ~ 9T : 1 ~ 9 TB
10 ~ 99 : 10 ~ 99 TB
Product Type
R : Recorder
Channel / Mbps
[ ~16ch : Max CH ]
4 : 4CH
8 : 8CH
16 : 16CH
[ 2ch~ : Max Mbps ]
10 : 100 ~ 199Mbps
20 : 200 ~ 299Mbps
30 : 300 ~ 399Mbps
40 : 400 ~ 499Mbps
50 : 500 ~ 599Mbps
Performance
[ HD DVR ]
1 : SD
2 : Up to 720p
3 : Up to 1080p
4 : Up to 5MP
5 : Up to 8MP
[ NVR ]
0 ~ 9 : Major Version
Version
0 ~ 9
Grade
Null : Basic
04 1 1 N
P N M
-
Series Name
P : Premium (4K)
X : Versatile (WN5)
Q : Quality (Entry)
H : Advanced (AHD)
T : Vertical (Special)
S : Legacy (Existing)
Shape
B : Box
D : Dome
F : Fisheye
M : Multi-
Sensor
O : Bullet
P : PTZ
U : Positioning
V : Vandal
Z : Zoom box
Feature
A : Revision
B : Black Color
C : Counting or CVBS
E : Explosion Proof
F : Flush or SFP LC
(Fibre Channel)
L : Laser
H : Housing
M : Mobile
(M-12 connector)
Q : Quad eye
R : IR
S : Stainless Steel
T : Thermal
DU : Dummy
RU : Dummy with IR
V : Vandal
Video
Signal
Null
N : NTSC
P : PAL
Power
Null : AC24V/12V
DC
A : AC24V
D : 12V DC
H : High Voltage
(AC 110V)
Product Type
N : Network cam
C : Analog cam
U : UTP Camera
Total Resolution
1 : ~ VGA
2 : BLC CCD
3 : WDR CCD
4 : SVGA, 1/2”
5 : 1M
6 : 2M
7 : 3 ~ 4M
8 : 5M
9 : 8M
↑
Lens
00 : No Lens
01 : 3mm
↓
xed
02 : 3.1 ~ 4mm xed
03 : 4.1 ~ 6mm xed
04 : 6.1 ~ 9.9mm xed
05 : 10mm
↑
xed
06 : 2X V/F
07 : 2X ~ 9X V/F
08 : 2X ~ 9X M-V/F
09 : 10X
↑
V/F
Xx : Zoom (PTZ, Zoom)
Version
0 ~ 9
Grade
Null : Basic
E : Entry
39 2 0 R H
Product naming guide
Camera
Recorder
ANPR & Safe City Cloud
ANPR enabled X series cameras & Safe City Cloud solution
• Comprehensive ANPR edge camera solution
• More than 95% recognition accuracy in any environment or condition.
• Guaranteed for vehicles at a maximum speed of 80 kmph.
• Reliably detects number plates from all European countries.
• Complete monitoing from Cloud application
• Specic reactions for listed cars (black/white list)
• Get notied on listed vehicle appearance
• Live monitoring
• Parking lots management
• Identify frequent visitors and know their prole
• Trac density
• Average trac speeds across day, week, month
• Density, speeding, trac-jam visualisation
• Plate switching, trespassing
• Bus lane monitoring
• Street parking violations
Wisenet Traffic Management Solution
DesktopCloud ServerMobile
Hanwha Techwin
specic features
NVR monitoring, search & playback;
and deep camera integration with:
• H.265
• Wisestream
• All triggering Events including
sound classication, loitering
and queue management
• Simple focus setting
• Multi directional camera support
• Hallway view
• HTTPS
• Time Settings
• Camera prole / Image conguration
• PTZ preset sync
An operating system to suit your needs
Wisenet WAVE has applications for all major operating systems so our users
are not limited by what device or operating system they choose to use on
their desktops, mobile devices, rack mount servers, or even low-powered
embedded devices. chose a solution that suits your business needs; Cloud
- Desktop- Mobile - Server.
Wisenet WAVE has full SUNAPI 2.0 integration for WISENET cameras
and recorders.
Our new WiseNet Wave VMS is the perfect partner for middle to large scale
projects due to its intuitive user interface.
Open Video Platform
The most intuitive, easy to use and powerful VMS
• Drag and drop interface for intuitive video management
• Video wall and completely customisable layouts
• Full support for Hanwha Techwin advanced analytics and events
• ONVIF support for 3rd party cameras and encoders
• API integrations for 3rd party Access and Storage systems
Wisenet WAVE
From small convenience store to superstore
People Counting
• Hourly / Weekly reports
• Performance
• Customer patterns
• Visitor breakdowns
• Occupancy
• Dwell time
• POS Integration
• Lost Opportunity
Heat Mapping
• Dwell time estimates
• Hot spots
• Regional time occupancy
• Customer Estimate
Queue Management
• Wait time periods
• Busy periods
• Open / close check out alerts
• Site eciency
Live Dashboard Reports
with server software
• Argus – for smaller installations
• Calculus – up to 16 cameras
per server
Roadway & Tunnel Monitoring
• Complete AID edge system in X series camera
• Reliable detection of incidents and events in trac ow on critical
infrastructure such as roads, highways, tunnels and intersections.
• Intelligent Solution for Trac Event Detection
• Stopped Vehicle
• Slowdown and Congestion/Queue
• Wrong Way Driver
• Pedestrian
• Smoke / Low Visibility
• Trac data collection for statistical purpose
• Vehicle Counting and Classication
• Trac Density
• Average Speed
• Origin/Destination Matrix
Wisenet Automatic Incident Detection Solution
Wisenet Retail Intelligence Solution
OBSERVE I ANALYSE I ACT
Notes
From small convenience store to superstore
People Counting
• Hourly / Weekly reports
• Performance
• Customer patterns
• Visitor breakdowns
• Occupancy
• Dwell time
• POS Integration
• Lost Opportunity
Heat Mapping
• Dwell time estimates
• Hot spots
• Regional time occupancy
• Customer Estimate
Queue Management
• Wait time periods
• Busy periods
• Open / close check out alerts
• Site eciency
Live Dashboard Reports
with server software
• Argus – for smaller installations
• Calculus – up to 16 cameras
per server
Roadway & Tunnel Monitoring
• Complete AID edge system in X series camera
• Reliable detection of incidents and events in trac ow on critical
infrastructure such as roads, highways, tunnels and intersections.
• Intelligent Solution for Trac Event Detection
• Stopped Vehicle
• Slowdown and Congestion/Queue
• Wrong Way Driver
• Pedestrian
• Smoke / Low Visibility
• Trac data collection for statistical purpose
• Vehicle Counting and Classication
• Trac Density
• Average Speed
• Origin/Destination Matrix
Wisenet Automatic Incident Detection Solution
Wisenet Retail Intelligence Solution
OBSERVE I ANALYSE I ACT
Notes
Hanwha Techwin Europe
Heriot House, Heriot Road, Chertsey, Surrey,
KT16 9DT, United Kingdom
Tel : +44.1932.57.8100 Fax : +44.1932.57.8101
www.hanwha-security.eu
Notes
