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Ellerman Bomb: A
remarkable feature of
Emerging Flux
Regions is the
Ellerman bomb.
Bright points with very
broad H-alpha wings (±5Å) that are low in the atmosphere so they are
not visible on H alpha centerline. Called 'moustaches' for their
appearance on spectrograph, they appear spectroscopically like wide
moustaches with a gap in the middle. This strange and tiny feature
typically occurs at the center of the EFR or in the edges of spots - where
the field is breaking the surface.
Solar Flares are intense, abrupt releases of energy which occur in areas
where the magnetic field is changing by flux emergence or sunspot
motion. Stresses in lines of force build up slowly and are released in
flares. They occur most frequently at neutral lines where a filament is
supported by horizontal sheared field lines. This event can only take
place along a magnetic inversion line. When many lines of force are
involved, two ribbons of emission appear, brightening simultaneously.
Emerging Flux
Regions: An area on
the Sun where a
magnetic dipole, or
"flux tube" is
surfacing on the disk,
eventually producing
a bipolar sunspot group. Each pole of an EFR is often marked by pores
or small developing sunspots. Surges or even small solar flares can
sometimes occur in EFRs. An EFR emerges with small bright H region
with little surges, then weak arch filaments (AFS) over bright plage
connect small spots on each dipole. Growth is rapid, forming in just a few
hours.
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