Protecting Your Future
Refrigeration System
Original Instructions
Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual
This manual is updated as new information and models are released. Visit our website for the latest manual.
Part Number: 550001058-12 08/19
2
Read this manual thoroughly before operating, installing or
performing maintenance on the equipment. Failure to follow
instructions in this manual can cause property damage, injury or
death.
Ensure that all field wiring conforms to the equipment
requirements and all applicable local and national codes.
Installation and maintenance/servicing are to be performed only
by trained and qualified personnel familiar with commercial
refrigeration systems.
Indicates a situation that, if not avoided, could damage the
refrigeration system or result in minor injury.
Safety Notices
NOTE: Indicates useful, extra information about the
procedure you are performing.
DANGER
Indicates a hazardous situation that, if not avoided, will
result in death or serious injury. This applies to the most
extreme situations.
Notice
Indicates information considered important, but not hazard-
related (e.g. messages relating to property damage).
Disconnect all power sources before servicing the refrigeration
equipment.
Use appropriate eye protection during installation and servicing.
Sheet metal and coil surfaces have sharp edges. Use appropriate
protective gloves to prevent injury.
Indicates a hazardous situation that, if not avoided, could result
in death or serious injury.
3
Table of Contents
Section 1
General Information
Receiving Inspection ........................................................ .......................................................... 4
Warranty Information ................................................................................................................. 4
Section 2
Installation
Condensing Units ........................................................................................................................ 5
Evaporator Units ......................................................................................................................... 6
Section 3
Wiring
Wiring ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Section 4
Piping
Piping .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Cleanliness .......................................................................................................................... 9
Pipe Supports ...................................................................................................................... 9
Oil Traps ............................................................................................................................ 10
Drain Lines ........................................................................................................................ 10
Pre-Charged Lines ............................................................................................................. 11
Leak Testing .............................................................................................................................. 12
PR Models ......................................................................................................................... 12
PC Models ......................................................................................................................... 13
PCL Models ....................................................................................................................... 13
System Evacuation .................................................................................................................... 13
PR Models ......................................................................................................................... 13
PC Models ......................................................................................................................... 13
PCL Models ....................................................................................................................... 14
Refrigerant Charging ................................................................................................................. 14
Section 5
Operational Start-Up
Pre-Start Checks ........................................................................................................................ 15
Compressor Mounts .................................................................................................................. 15
Start-Up .................................................................................................................................... 16
Compressor Superheat .............................................................................................................. 16
Evaporator Superheat ............................................................................................................... 17
ArcticFox Thermostat With LDA ................................................................................................ 18
Setpoints ........................................................................................................................... 19
Custom TOD Defrost Setpoints ......................................................................................... 20
Custom Defrost Setup ....................................................................................................... 21
Electric Defrost Timer ................................................................................................................ 22
Section 6
Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance Tasks .................................................................................................. 23
P.O.E. Lubricants ....................................................................................................................... 23
Section 7
Troubleshooting
Evaporator ................................................................................................................................ 24
Condensing Unit ........................................................................................................................ 25
System Start-Up Checklist ........................................................................................................................... 27
4
Section 1
General Information
Receiving Inspection
1. Check the shipment carefully and compare to the bill of lading.
2. Account for all items listed and inspect each container for damage.
3. Carefully inspect for any concealed damage.
4. Report any shortages or damages to the carrier, note on the bill of lading, and file a freight claim.
5. Damaged material cannot be returned to the manufacturer without prior approval.
6. A Return Material Authorization (RMA) must be obtained. Contact a sales representative at 800-826- 7036.
Warranty Information
For information regarding warranty guidelines, claim form, product registration, warranty verification, or
locating a service provider please visit our website at www.kolpak.com
or call 800-225-9916.
5
Section 2
Installation
Condensing Units
• Check the selected installation location to ensure that racks, braces, flooring, foundations, etc. are adequate to
support the condensing unit weight.
• The installation location is clean, dry, and level.
• Locate away from corrosive and noise sensitive atmospheres.
• Use the condensing unit skid and base when moving the unit. Do not remove unit from skid until the unit is moved to
the mounting location.
• Mount the condensing unit base to pads or structural rails using properly sized bolts through the unit base. Center of
condensing unit needs to be properly supported.
• Locate where there is a sufficient and unrestricted supply of clean ambient air.
• Locate where this is adequate space for the removal of the heated discharged air from the condensing unit area.
• Do not position multiple units so that discharge air from one unit is blowing into the condenser inlet air of the other
unit.
• All sides of the unit should be positioned a minimum distance equal to the total width of the condensing unit away
from any other unit, wall, or obstruction.
• Check the selected installation location to ensure that racks, braces, flooring, foundations, etc. are adequate to
support the condensing unit weight.
• The installation location is clean, dry, and level.
• Locate away from corrosive and noise sensitive atmospheres.
• Use the condensing unit skid and base when moving the unit. Do not remove unit from skid until the unit is moved to
the mounting location.
• Mount the condensing unit base to pads or structural rails using properly sized bolts through the unit base. Center of
condensing unit needs to be properly supported.
6
Example of Multiple Units with Horizontal Airflow
Evaporator Units
• Do not place the evaporator above or close to door openings. This will help prevent potential icing problems.
• Allow a minimum clearance equal to or greater than the coil height on all sides of the coil for proper air flow and
service access.
• Use the evaporator coil for a template to locate and drill the mounting holes (1/2” diameter).
• Place a 1” and a 1-5/8” washer on each nylon bolt and insert through the drilled mounting holes in the ceiling from
the exterior of the walk-in ceiling panel.
NOTE: Nylon bolts are supplied to prevent thermal transfer between the exterior of the walk-in and the interior of the walk-
in. Do not use metal bolts.
• Lift the evaporator coil until the nylon bolts extend through the mounting brackets.
• Install washers and secure with nuts. Tighten until the coil is firm against the ceiling. The evaporator coil must be
level.
• Additional information is available in the installation manual supplied with the evaporator.
CAUTION
Failure to observe clearance and air flow requirements will result in poor system performance and premature
equipment failure!
CAUTION
Failure to observe clearance and air flow requirements will result in poor system performance and premature equipment
failure!
BUILDING WALL
(VIEWED FROM ABOVE)
AIR
FLOW
AIR
FLOW
MINIMUM
DISTANCE
24”
INTAKE AIR
MINIMUM DISTANCE 24”
24”
INTAKE AIR
MINIMUM DISTANCE 24”
24”
7
Evaporator Coil Mounting Diagram
8
Section 3
Wiring
Wiring
• All electrical connections and routing must comply with local and national codes.
• Do not modify the factory installed wiring without written factory approval.
• The field wiring must enter through the knockouts provided.
• Refer to the nameplate on the condensing or evaporator coil to determine the proper electrical power supply.
• Wire type should be of copper conductor only and properly sized to handle the electrical load.
• The unit and coil must be properly grounded.
• Condensing unit wiring diagrams are and attached inside the electrical box cover.
• Evaporator coil wiring diagrams are and inside the evaporator cover.
• To view Basic Cooler/Freezer Evaporator Wiring Service Video, scan the QR code below.
• For the latest wiring diagrams, scan the QR code below.
WARNING
All wiring must comply with local and national codes. Wiring must be performed only by a refrigeration
technician or certified electrician. Failure to follow these guidelines may result in injury!
CAUTION
Check all wiring connections, including factory terminals, before operation. Connections can become loose
during shipment and installation.
9
Section 4
Piping
Piping
• All refrigeration piping and components are to be installed in accordance with applicable local and national codes and
in conformance with industry refrigeration guidelines to ensure proper operation of the refrigeration system.
• Only refrigeration grade copper tubing should be used.
• Long radius elbows should be used. Short radius elbows have points of excessive stress concentration and are subject
to breaking at these points, do not use short radius elbows.
• Suction lines must be insulated with a minimum ¾” thick insulation tubing to reduce heat pick-up.
Cleanliness
• Condensing units and evaporator coils are cleaned and dehydrated at the factory.
• The condensing unit must remain closed and pressurized until the piping is complete and final connections are ready
to be made.
CAUTION
The maximum air exposure for dehydrated condensing units is 15 minutes. Systems exposed longer than 15
minutes must have the compressor oil and drier filter replaced. Leaving a system exposed to the atmosphere
for more than 15 minutes can result in premature system failure.
• Do not remove base mount valve covers until work is ready to be performed.
• Ensure that all refrigeration tubing is clean and dry prior to installation.
• Use only tubing cutters when trimming tubing to the proper length. Do not use saws to cut tubing.
CAUTION
The use of saws to cut tubing can contaminate the system with copper chips causing premature system failure.
• Brazing joints require a dry inert gas, typically nitrogen, be passed through the lines at a low pressure to prevent
scaling and oxidation.
• Use only silver solder brazing alloys. Minimize the amount of flux to prevent internal contamination. Flux only the
male portion of the joint.
• Thoroughly clean fluxed joints after brazing.
CAUTION
Dry inert gas must be passed through the system while brazing to prevent scaling and oxidation. Scaling and
oxides can clog refrigeration components resulting in system failure.
Pipe Supports
• All tubing should be supported in a least two locations (near the end of each tubing run).
• Long runs will require additional support.
• As a guide, support 3/8” to 7/8” pipe every five feet, 1-1/8” to 1-3/8” every seven feet, and 1-5/8” to 2-1/8” every ten
feet.
• Do not leave a corner unsupported when changing directions.
• Place supports within 2 feet of each direction change.
• Piping that is attached to a vibrating object (such as a compressor or compressor base) must be supported in a
manner that will not restrict the movement of the vibrating object.
• Rigid mounting will fatigue the tubing causing refrigerant leaks.
10
Oil Traps
• To ensure proper oil return to the compressor, a P-type oil trap should be installed at the base of each suction riser of
four feet or more.
• The suction trap must be the same size as the suction line.
• Additional traps are necessary for long vertical risers. Add a trap for each length of pipe (approximately 20 feet) to
insure proper oil return.
• Suction lines must slope ¼” per 10 feet toward the compressor.
• Install a suction line trap at the evaporator outlet if the suction line rises to a point higher than the connection on the
evaporator.
CAUTION
Failure to properly install oil traps can prevent sufficient oil return to the compressor resulting in premature compressor
failure.
Drain Lines
• Evaporator coil drain lines should be pitched a minimum of 1/2” per foot to allow proper drainage and exit the walk-in
as quickly as possible.
• Insulate and seal the drain line where it passes through the wall.
• Copper drain line is required.
• Freezer compartment drain lines must have heat tape wrapped around the copper drain line and must have ¾” thick
insulation tubing.
• Do not locate drain line P-traps within the freezer space.
• Do not reduce the drain line size.
• Locate a drain line P-trap outside of the cooler space.
• Any outdoor P-traps exposed to low ambient temperatures should be wrapped with a drain line heater (provide 20
watts of heat per foot of drain line at 0°F, 30 watts per foot at -20°F.
• Freezer/cooler combo boxes can have one common drain line. However, there must be a P-trap located between the
freezer evaporator and the cooler evaporator located inside the cooler compartment.
• The cooler compartment P-trap should be located between the cooler evaporator and the external drain location.
11
Pre-Charged lines and Quick Connects
• Route the suction and liquid line sets between the condensing unit and evaporator coil following the piping guidelines
identified in this manual.
• Remove the dust caps from the quick connect fittings and verify that the o-rings are intact.
• Wipe the coupling seals and threaded surfaces with a clean cloth to prevent contamination.
• Lubricate the threads and o-rings with Polyol Ester oil.
• Thread the coupling halves together by hand to ensure proper thread mating.
• Tighten with a wrench until the coupling bodies “bottom” or until there is definite resistance.
• Tighten an additional ¼ turn to ensure proper brass-to-brass seating.
• Once the system is opened and pressurized, check each fitting for refrigerant leaks. If a leak is detected, tighten until
the leak stops.
WARNING
Do not loosen and disconnect the quick connect fittings before reclaiming the refrigerant and depressurizing the
system. Disconnecting a pressurized system can result in injury!
12
CAUTION
Quick connects are for one time use only. Once disconnected, the coupling cannot be re-used. Refrigerant leaks
will occur if the couplings are re-used resulting in poor system performance.
• Excess line set length should never be allowed to coil in the vertical position. Excess line length should be laid flat on
its side.
Leak Testing
• After all connections are complete the refrigeration system must be tested for leaks.
• Failure to perform a leak test can result in unsatisfactory system performance, additional servicing and service costs,
and possible system failure.
• Leak test should be performed using an electronic leak detector.
• All joints and components, both factory and field installed, should be thoroughly inspected for leaks.
• The system installation must be leak free!
Leak Testing “PR” model systems
• Open both the liquid and suction service valves.
• Ensure the solenoid valve is energized and open.
• Add 50 psi refrigerant, then pressurize with dry nitrogen to the low side test pressure identified on the unit rating
label.
• Allow thirty minutes for refrigerant to reach all parts of the system.
• Check all joints and components with an electronic leak detector.
13
Leak Testing “PC” model systems
• Leave the service valves closed, the condensing unit is charged with refrigerant.
• Ensure the solenoid valve is energized and open.
• Add 50 psi refrigerant, then pressurize with dry nitrogen to the low side test pressure identified on the unit rating
label.
• Allow thirty minutes for refrigerant to reach all parts of the system.
• Check all joints and components with an electronic leak detector.
Leak Testing “PCL” model systems
• Open both the liquid and suction service valves.
• Ensure the solenoid valve is energized and open.
• Allow thirty minutes for refrigerant to reach all parts of the system.
• Check all joints and components with an electronic leak detector.
• If a leak is detected, relieve the pressure and/or reclaim the refrigerant and repair the leak.
• If additional brazing is required, pass a dry inert gas (nitrogen) through the system to prevent contamination.
• Reference page 12 of this manual for leaks located at quick connects couplings.
• Retest the system as outlined above until no leaks are detected.
CAUTION
If a braze joint is detected leaking, dry inert gas must be passed through the system while repairing the joint to prevent
scaling and oxidation. Scaling and oxides can clog refrigeration components resulting in system failure.
CAUTION
Always use the system specified refrigerant when pressuring to perform a leak test.
System Evacuation
• Evacuation of the refrigeration system is necessary to remove all air and moisture from the system.
• A reliable rotary vacuum pump with an accurate deep vacuum gauge is recommended.
• Do not use the system compressor as a vacuum pump and do not operate the compressor while the system is under
vacuum.
Evacuation of “PR” model systems
• Open both the liquid and suction service valves.
• Ensure the solenoid valve is energized and open.
• Connect vacuum pump to the liquid and suction service valves located on the condensing unit.
• Evacuate the system to 250 microns and maintain for a minimum of 4 hours.
• Perform a vacuum decay test for a minimum of ten minutes to ensure the system is leak free and dry.
Evacuation of “PC” model systems
• Leave the service valves closed, the condensing unit has been evacuated and is charged with refrigerant.
• Ensure the solenoid valve is energized and open.
• Connect vacuum pump to the liquid and suction service valves. located on the condensing unit.
• Evacuate the system to 250 microns and maintain for a minimum of 4 hours.
• Perform a vacuum decay test for a minimum of ten minutes to ensure the system is leak free and dry.
14
Evacuation of “PCL” model systems
• “PCL” systems do not require evacuation.
CAUTION
Do not use the system compressor to evacuate the system. Do not start the compressor while the system is under
vacuum. This may damage to the compressor and cause premature system failure.
Refrigerant Charging
• The refrigerant charge should be added to the system through the liquid line service valve located on the condensing
unit.
• Do not charge liquid refrigerant into the suction service valve!
• The initial charge should be determined by weight and sight glass indication.
• Start the system. If the condensing temperature is 105° F or greater, charge the system until the sight glass clears.
• If the condensing unit temperature is below 105° F, reduce the condenser face surface area to raise the discharge
pressures above 105° F and to charge to a clear sight glass.
• Return to a full condenser face area when charging is complete.
NOTE: PC & PCL refrigerant charge amounts are based on average ambient operating temperatures across the United
States. Any refrigerant amount added or removed based on ambient operating temperatures is considered part of normal
maintenance and is not covered under warranty.
CAUTION
Do not charge liquid refrigerant into the suction service valve located on the condensing unit. Do not overcharge the
system. These conditions can permit liquid refrigerant to enter the compressor and cause damage to internal
components resulting in premature system failure.
15
Section 5
Operational Start-Up
Pre-Start Checks
• The first 2 – 4 hours of operation after initial start-up is a critical time.
• Do not just start the system and leave.
• Pressure values, compressor and evaporator superheat, and inspecting for excessive vibrations and loose connections
are some of checks that must be performed prior to leaving the system.
• Verify that all service valves are fully open.
• Ensure that all refrigerant and electrical connections are tight.
• Verify that the wiring and piping is properly routed and secured.
• The compressor mounting bolts are properly adjusted (see compressor mounts on page 18).
• All fan motors and mounting brackets are tight.
• The condensing unit base and evaporator coil are properly secured.
Compressor Mounts
• Hermetic Compressors – hermetic compressor springs are mounted internally; check the compressor mounting bolts
to ensure the nuts have not become loose during shipment.
• Semi-Hermetic Compressors – most semi-hermetic compressors have external spring mounts and are factory
assembled. The following actions are required once the condensing unit is installed and before system start-up:
o Loosen the upper mounting nuts.
o Remove the spring steel clips from the mounting springs.
o Retighten the upper mounting nuts until the compressor can float on the springs approximately 1/16”
between the mounting nut and rubber grommet.
CAUTION
Failure to ensure the compressor mounts are properly tightened can result in fatigue to the system piping causing leaks
and poor system performance.
Compressor
Mounting Foot
Mounting Nut
(Upper)
Mounting
Stud
Rubber
Spacer
Mounting
Spring
Mounting
Base
Locking
Device
Mounting Nut
(Lower)
Properly Adjusted Compressor
16
Start-Up
CAUTION
Do not start the system while in a vacuum. Do not leave the system unattended until normal operating conditions
are achieved.
• Operate the system for a minimum of two hours and perform checks of the following:
o Check the compressor discharge and suction pressures to ensure they are in the normal operating range.
o Check the liquid line sight glass for proper refrigerant charge (based off of 105ºF condenser coil).
• Monitor the compressor oil level (semi-hermetic compressors), add oil as necessary to keep the level at ¾ sight glass
when idle and ½ sight glass when running.
• Check the voltage and amperage at the compressor terminals. Voltage must be within +10% or -5% of the rating
indicted on the condensing unit name plate. On three phase compressors, verify there is a balanced load.
• Check all fans on the evaporator coil and condensing unit to be sure they are operational and turning in the correct
direction.
• Check the piping and electrical connections for vibration. Add supports and strapping if needed.
• Check the crankcase heater operation (if equipped).
• Set the defrost control time and verify the defrost initiation settings. See pages 28-30 for additional details.
• Set temperature control to desired temperature range.
• Check the compressor and evaporator superheat (reference pages 21-23).
• After all system checks have been checked, properly adjusted, and verified, replace all Schrader caps, service valve
caps, electrical box covers, housings, etc. File a copy of this manual for future reference.
CAUTION
Failure to check and properly adjust compressor superheat can result in premature system failure.
Compressor Superheat
• Compressor superheat is a critical value that must be checked. Check the compressor superheat as follows:
o Determine the suction pressure at the suction service valve of the compressor.
o Determine the saturation temperature at the observed suction pressure using refrigeration pressure
temperature tables.
o Measure the suction line temperature 6 -10 inches away from the compressor.
o Subtract the saturation temperature (step 2) from the measured temperature (step 3). The difference is the
superheat of suction gas.
• A low suction superheat can cause liquid to return to the compressor. This will cause dilution of the oil and eventual
failure of the bearings, rings and valves.
• A high suction superheat will cause excessive discharge temperatures, which cause a breakdown of the oil. This
causes piston ring wear, and piston and cylinder wall damage.
• System capacity decreases as the suction superheat increases.
• For maximum system capacity, keep the suction superheat as low as practical. Copeland requires a minimum
compressor superheat of 20°F; however, to improve compressor life, 25°F to 40°F is preferred.
• Adjust the expansion valve at the evaporator when adjustments to the suction superheat are necessary.
• Refer to “Evaporator Superheat” on the next 2 pages for more information.
17
Evaporator Superheat
• Check the evaporator superheat once the walk-in has reached the desired temperature. Generally, systems with a
design temperature drop of 10°F should have an evaporator superheat value of 6°-10°F on freezers and 8°-12°F on
coolers for maximum efficiency.
• To determine the evaporator superheat:
o Measure the suction pressure at the evaporator outlet.
o Convert the pressure to saturation temperature referencing a temperature-pressure chart.
o Measure the temperature of the suction line at the expansion valve bulb. Ensure the bulb is mounted at the
correct location on the suction tube.
o Subtract the saturation temperature reading (step 2) from the measured temperature (step 3). The
difference is the evaporator superheat.
Pressure
Temperature minus
pressure converted to
temperature equals
superheat
Temperature
18
CAUTION
Minimum compressor superheat of 20°F may override these recommendations on systems with short line runs.
CAUTION
The condensing unit must have the discharge pressure above the equivalent 105°F condensing pressure (reference
refrigerant charging on page 16).
CAUTION
Correct location and full contact of the expansion valve bulb is extremely important for proper system performance.
ArcticFox Thermostat With LDA
• To view the ArcticFox LDA Service Video, scan the QR code below.
P/N 550005663 P/N 550005664
Air Defrost Evaporators Electric Defrost Evaporators
19
P/N 550005663 - is used on all Air Defrost model evaporators and features a built in Air Defrost time clock. The default defrost
settings are every 6 hours for 30 minutes. See pages 20-21 for default and custom defrost setting instructions.
P/N 550005664 - is used on all Electric defrost model evaporators. See page 22 for Electric Defrost Timer setting instructions.
NOTE: The 550005664 display will be blank during the electric defrost cycle.
• Access Setpoint mode by pressing and holding the button until
ts (Temperature setpoint) displays on the screen
• Use the up and down arrows to scroll through the available setpoints
• Press to view the current setting
• Use the up and down arrows to change the setpoint
• Press and hold the button to confirm each setpoint change
• Press the button to escape
Setpoints
tS = Temperature setpoint
diF = Differential
CSH = Maximum compressor starts/stops
dPd = Defrost per day
tod = time of day ( only used when custom defrost is selected)
dFt = Defrost time
HAO = High Alarm Offset
20
LAO = Low Alarm Offset
tAd =Temperature Alarm Delay
Adr = Mod Bus Address
Unt = Ynits for temperature display (FAH or CEL)
Custom tod (Time of Day) Defrost Setpoints
Setpoint
Description Minimum
Default Maximum
tod Time of Day 0.0 12.0 23.5
d1 Start time of day #1 0.0 dis (disabled) 23,dis (disabled)
d2 Start time of day #2 0.0 dis 23,dis
d3 Start time of day #3 0.0 dis 23,dis
d4 Start time of day #4 0.0 dis 23,dis
d5 Start time of day #5 0.0 dis 23,dis
d6 Start time of day #6 0.0 dis 23,dis
d7 Start time of day #7 0.0 dis
23,dis
d8 Start time of day #8
0.0 dis 23,dis
d9 Start time of day #9 0.0 dis 23,dis
d10 Start time of day #10 0.0 dis 23,dis
d11 Start time of day #11
0.0 dis 23,dis
d12 Start time of day #12 0.0 dis 23,dis
Note: The time of day defrost setting use military time. The first 2 digits are the hour and the 1
digit after the decimal is the minutes.
21
Custom Defrost Setup
22
Electric Defrost Timer
Electric Defrost Time Clock Instructions:
• Instructions for setting the timer is located on the inside cover of the time clock.
• The defrost timer clock must be set to the correct time at initial start-up and after any power interruptions.
• Set the clock by rotating the clock face until the correct time is at the arrow on the face of the timer.
• The switch is programmed by pushing the captive trippers to the inner ring for the entire period the load is to be
turned “ON”.
• When a tripper is pushed to the outside, the switch is in the “DEFROST” position.
• Each defrost tripper represents 15 minutes of defrost time.
• The timer is factory set for four defrost cycles daily: 4:00AM, 10:00AM, 4:00PM, and 10:00PM.
• Each defrost cycle is programmed for 45 minutes duration.
• The defrost times may be changed to initiate at periods of low activity (trippers pushed out will close contacts to
terminals 1 & 3).
• Do not install the electric defrost time clock inside of the walk-in.
Note: If the defrost termination thermostat fails to close, the fail safe setting on the timer will terminate the defrost cycle.
The timer starts the defrost cycle automatically at the predetermined times. A setting of two to four defrost cycles per day is
typical. For heavier frost loads, additional cycles may be required.
When the defrost cycle begins:
• Switch 2 to 4 opens in the time clock, breaking the circuit to the room thermostat, liquid line solenoid, and evaporator
fan motors. This allows the compressor to pump down and shut off. Simultaneously, switch 1 to 3 closes in the timer,
energizing the defrost heaters.
• The heaters increase the coil temperatures above 32°F, melting the frost off the coil.
• When the coil warms to approximately 55°F, the defrost termination thermostat closes and energizes the switching
solenoid in the timer. At this time, switch 1 to 3 in the timer opens, terminating the defrost heaters. Simultaneously,
switch 2 to 4 closes in the time clock, energizing the temperature control circuit.
• Suction pressure rises, the low pressure control closes, and the compressor starts.
• The fan relay closes when the coil temperature reaches approximately 30°F. This energizes the fan motors.
• The system operates in the refrigeration cycle until another defrost cycle is initiated by the timer.
23
Section 6
Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance Tasks
Area
Task
Frequency
Evaporator
Check for proper defrosting
Monthly
Clean the coil and drain pan
Every 6 months
Check for proper drainage
Condenser
Inspect /clean the coil if the air supply is near polluting sources (such as cooking
appliances)
Monthly
Clean the coil surface
Every 3 months
General
Check/tighten all electrical connections
Every 6 months
Check all wiring and insulators
Check contactor for proper operation and contact point deterioration
Check all fan motors
Tighten fan set screws, and motor mount nuts and bolts
For semi-hermetics, check the oil level in the system
Check the operation of the control system
Make certain all safety controls are operating properly
Check operation of the drain line heater and examine for cuts and abrasions
Check/tighten all mechanical/flare connections
CAUTION
Failure to keep the condenser coil clean will result in reduced airflow through the condenser, resulting in poor system
performance and premature compressor failure.
Polyol Ester (POE) Lubricants
• Polyol Ester (POE) lubricants quickly absorb moisture from the ambient surroundings.
• POE lubricants absorb moisture more rapidly and in greater quantity than conventional mineral oils.
• Because moisture levels greater than 100 PPM will result in system corrosion and component failure, it is essential
that system exposure to ambient conditions be kept to a minimum.
• If a system is left open to the atmosphere for more than 15 minutes, the liquid line drier and compressor oil must be
replaced.
• Drain at least 95% of the oil from the compressor suction port.
• Measure the amount of removed oil, and replace it with exactly the same amount of new POE oil.
• Mobil EAL™ ARCTIC 22 CC is the preferred Polyol Ester lubricant because of its particular additives.
• ICI Emkarate RL 32S is an acceptable alternative when the Mobil is not available.
• These POE lubricants must be used with HFC refrigerants.
• Lubricants are packaged in specially designed, sealed containers.
• Once opened, use the lubricant immediately.
• Properly dispose of any unused lubricant.
24
Section 7
Troubleshooting
Evaporator Troubleshooting
Problem
Possible Cause
Corrective Action
Fan(s) will not operate.
Main switch open
Close switch
Blown fuse(s)
Replace fuse(s). Check for short
circuits or overload conditions.
Defective motor
Replace motor.
Defective timer or defrost thermostat
Replace defective component.
Unit in defrost cycle
Wait for completion of cycle.
Walk-in temperature too high.
Thermostat set too high
Adjust thermostat.
Superheat too high
Adjust thermal expansion valve.
System low on refrigerant
Locate and repair leak, recover,
evacuate and recharge.
Coil iced up
Manually defrost coil. Check defrost
controls.
Ice accumulating on ceiling around
evaporator and/or on fan guards,
venturi, or blades.
Defrost duration is too long
Adjust defrost termination thermostat
(if adjustable).
Fan delay not delaying fans after
defrost period
Replace defective defrost thermostat.
Defective defrost thermostat or timer
Replace defective component.
Too many defrost cycles per day
Reduce number of defrost cycles per
day.
Frost on coil after defrost cycle.
Coil temperature not getting above
freezing point during defrost
Check heater operation
Not enough defrost cycles per day
Adjust timer for more defrost cycles
per day
Defrost cycle too short
Adjust timer for longer cycle, check
defrost thermostat mounting
Defective timer or defrost thermostat
Replace defective component.
Ice accumulating in drain pan.
Defective heater
Replace heater.
Unit not pitched properly
Check and adjust.
Drain line plugged
Clean drain line.
Defective drain line heater
Replace heater.
Defective timer or thermostat
Replace defective component.
25
Condensing Unit Troubleshooting
Problem
Possible Cause
Corrective Action
Compressor will not run.
Main switch open
Close switch
Fuse blown
Check electrical circuits and motor
winding for shorts or grounds.
Investigate for possible overloading.
Replace fuse after fault is corrected.
Thermal overloads tripped
Overloads are automatically reset.
Check unit closely when unit comes
back on line.
Defective contactor or coil
Repair or replace
System shut down by safety devices
Determine type and cause of shutdown
and correct
No cooling required
None. Wait until cooling is required.
Liquid line solenoid will not open.
Repair or replace coil.
Low pressure switch will not close.
Replace switch
Motor electrical trouble
Check motor for open windings or short
circuit.
Problem
Possible Cause
Corrective Action
Loose wiring
Check all wire junctions. Tighten all
terminal screws.
Compressor noisy or vibrating
Flooding of refrigerant into crankcase
Check superheat setting of expansion
valve
Improper pipe support
Relocate or add hangers
Worn compressor
Replace compressor
High discharge pressure
Non-condensable in system
Recover, evacuate and charge
System overcharged with refrigerant
Remove excess charge
Discharge shut-off valve partially closed
Open valve
Fan not running
Check electrical circuit or replace
defective fan motor
Insufficient condenser air supply
Check for cause and correct
Dirty condenser coil
Clean coil
Low discharge pressure
Faulty head pressure control
Check head pressure control operation.
Suction shut-off valve partially closed
Open valve
Insufficient refrigerant in system
Locate and repair leak, recover,
evacuate and recharge
Low suction pressure
Check for proper refrigerant charge
High suction pressure
Excessive load
Reduce load or add additional
equipment
Expansion valve overfeeding
Secure and insulate TXV bulb or if
required adjust superheat.
Low suction pressure
Lack of refrigerant
Locate and repair leak, recover,
evacuate and charge.
Evaporator dirty or iced
Clean
Clogged liquid line or suction line filter-
drier
Replace filter-drier
Expansion valve malfunctioning
Check and reset for proper superheat
Condensing temperature too low
Check head pressure control
Improper TXV
Check for proper sizing
26
Problem
Possible Cause
Corrective Action
Compressor loses oil
Lack of refrigerant
Locate and repair leak, recover,
evacuate and recharge
Excessive compression ring blow-by
Replace compressor
Refrigerant flood back
Maintain proper superheat at
compressor
Improper piping or traps
Correct piping
Compressor thermal protector switch
open
Operating beyond design
Add facilities so that operating
conditions are within allowable limits
Discharge valve partially shut
Open valve
Dirty condenser coil
Clean coil
Overcharged system
Correct charge
Notes:
27
System Start-up Checklist
Date System Installed: / /
Installer and Address:
Phone Number: ( ) -
Start-Up Service Agency:
Phone Number: ( ) -
Freezer Condensing Unit
Inspection Feature
Data
Accept
Reject
Action Required
Model Number:
Serial Number:
Electrical Volts:
Electrical Phase:
Amperage @ L1:
Amperage @ L2:
Amperage @ L3:
Ambient Temp:
°F
Comp. Discharge Pressure:
PSIG
Comp. Suction Pressure:
PSIG
Suction Line Temp @ Comp.:
°F
Discharge Line Temp @ Comp.:
°F
Comp. Superheat:
°F
Defrost Setting (4 day/45 min):
All electrical connections are tight:
Unit base properly supported:
Fans Running & No Vibration:
All guards, covers attached:
Refrigerant Sight Glass Clear:
Comp. Oil Level @ ½ Sight Glass:
Comp. Mounting Clips Removed:
Suction line insulated fully and properly supported:
Freezer Evaporator
Inspection Feature
Data
Accept
Reject
Action Required
Evaporator installed with nylon bolts with proper
airflow clearance:
Model Number:
Serial Number:
Electrical Volts:
Electrical Phase:
Suction Line Temp @ Evap:
°F
Evap Superheat:
°F
Thermostat Set:
°F
Operating Temp:
°F
TXV Bulb Properly Mounted:
All guards, covers attached:
All electrical connections are tight:
Defrost Heater Amp Draw:
A
Freezer Piping
Inspection Feature
Data
Accept
Reject
Action Required
Suction Lines Insulated:
Oil Trap at Base of Suction Riser:
Copper Drain Lines Sloped Min 1/2” ft:
Piping Supported Every 5’:
Copper drain line heater attached, working, and
insulated:
Copper Drain Line Trapped Outside Freezer
Space:
28
Cooler Condensing Unit
Inspection Feature
Data
Accept
Reject
Action Required
Model Number:
Serial Number:
Electrical Volts:
Electrical Phase:
Amperage @ L1:
Amperage @ L2:
Amperage @ L3:
Ambient Temp:
°F
Comp. Discharge Pressure:
PSIG
Comp. Suction Pressure:
PSIG
Suction Line Temp @ Comp.:
°F
Discharge Line Temp @ Comp.:
°F
Comp. Superheat:
°F
Defrost Setting (4 day/45 min):
All electrical connections are tight:
Unit base properly supported:
Fans Running & No Vibration:
All guards, covers attached:
Refrigerant Sight Glass Clear:
Comp. Oil Level @ ½ Sight Glass:
Comp. Mounting Clips Removed:
Suction line insulated fully and properly supported:
Cooler Evaporator
Inspection Feature
Data
Accept
Reject
Action Required
Evaporator installed with nylon bolts with proper
airflow clearance:
Model Number:
Serial Number:
Electrical Volts:
Electrical Phase:
Suction Line Temp @ Evap:
°F
Evap Superheat:
°F
Thermostat Set:
°F
Operating Temp:
°F
TXV Bulb Properly Mounted:
All guards, covers attached:
All electrical connections are tight:
Cooler Piping
Inspection Feature
Data
Accept
Reject
Action Required
Suction Lines Insulated:
Oil Trap at Base of Suction Riser:
Copper Drain Lines Sloped Min 1/2” ft:
Copper Drain Lines Insulated:
Copper Piping Supported Every 5’:
Copper Drain Line Trapped Outside Cooler Space:
29
Walk-In Freezer
Inspection Feature
Data
Accept
Reject
Action Required
Serial Number:
Interior Lights Installed and Working:
All Penetrations Sealed:
Doors/Jambs Squared and Operating
Properly:
All Panel Locks Fully Engaged:
All Plug Buttons Installed:
Door Heater Working:
Door Sweeps Adjusted:
Heat Air Vent Working:
Door Closers Adjusted and Working:
Wainscot and Trim Installed:
Alarm Set and Working:
Thermometer Bulb Mounted and Calibrated:
Walk-In Clean (no excessive caulk, etc.)
Walk-in at proper temperature:
Walk-In Cooler
Inspection Feature
Data
Accept
Reject
Action Required
Serial Number:
Interior Lights Installed and Working:
All Penetration Sealed:
Doors/Jambs Squared and Operating
Properly:
All Panel Locks Fully Engaged:
All Plug Buttons Installed:
Door Heater Working:
Door Sweeps Adjusted:
Heat Air Vent Working:
Door Closers Adjusted and Working:
Wainscot and Trim Installed:
Alarm Set and Working:
Thermometer Bulb Mounted and Calibrated:
Walk-In Clean (no excessive caulk, etc.)
Walk-in at proper temperature:
Notes:
Superintendent/Customer Signature: ____________________________ Date: ______________
Service Tech/Installer Signature: ________________________________ Date: ______________
30
This page intentionally left blank
31
This page intentionally left blank
32
KOLPAK
2915 TENNESSEE AVE. NORTH, PARSONS, TN 38363
800-826-7036
WWW.KOLPAK.COM
©2017 Welbilt Inc. except where explicitly stated otherwise. All rights reserved. Continuing product improvement may necessitate change of specifications without notice.
Part Number: 550001058-12 08/19
WWW.WELBILT.COM
Welbilt provides the world’s top chefs, and premier chain operators or growing independents with industry leading equipment and solutions.
Our cutting
-edge designs and lean manufacturing tactics are powered by deep knowledge, operator insights, and culinary expertise.
All of our products are backed by KitchenCare® – our aftermarket, repair, and parts service.
CLEVELAND
CONVOTHERM
DELFIELD®
FITKITCHEN™
FRYMASTER®
GARLAND
KOLPAK®
LINCOLN
MANITOWOC®
MERCO®
MERRYCHEF®
MULTIPLEX®
