Infiniti 2015 Q50

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Below are documents related to this product, you can read online or download:
2015 INFINITI Q50 photo

User Manual

This is the main product document for model 2015 INFINITI Q50.

The file format is pdf, 402 pages, you can download this manual here .

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2015 Infiniti Q50 Owner’s Manual
Printing: August 2015 (05) / OM15E0 0V37U2 / Printed in U.S.A.
For your safety, read carefully and keep in this vehicle.
2015 Infiniti Q50
2046401_EN_Q50_OM_cover.indd 1 7/7/15 1:11 PM
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 4FBU CFMUT XJUI QSFUFOTJPOFST 1
 3FBS TFBUT 1
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 )PPE 1
 8JOETIJFME XJQFS BOE XBTIFS
0QFSBUJPO 1
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 .PPOSPPG JG TP FRVJQQFE 1
 1PXFS XJOEPXT 1
 0VUTJEF NJSSPST 1
4JEF UVSO TJHOBM MJHIUT 1
4JEF WJFX DBNFSB JG TP FRVJQQFE
 3FDPWFSZ IPPL 1
 4POBS TZTUFN JG TP FRVJQQFE
 'SPOU WJFX DBNFSB JG TP FRVJQQFE
 5VSO TJHOBM
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 'PH MJHIU 1
 5JSFT
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'MBU UJSF 1
5JSF 1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN
51.4 1 1
 %PPST
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1
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.BOVBM
*MMVTUSBUFE UBCMF PG DPOUFOUT 
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 5SVOL
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN 1
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1
5SVOL MJE 1
 )JHINPVOUFE TUPQ MJHIU 1
 4BUFMMJUF BOUFOOB 1
 3FBS XJOEPX EFGSPTUFS 1"O
UFOOB 1
 4POBS TZTUFN JG TP FRVJQQFE
#BDLVQ $PMMJTJPO *OUFSWFOUJPO
#$* TZTUFN JG TP FRVJQQFE 1
 3FBS WJFX DBNFSB
 3FDPWFSZ IPPL 1
 3FBS DPNCJOBUJPO MJHIU 1
 'VFMGJMMFS EPPS
0QFSBUJPO 1
'VFM JOGPSNBUJPO 1
 $IJME TBGFUZ SFBS EPPS MPDLT 1
 3FGFS UP UIF *OGJOJUJ *O5PVDI 0XOFST
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 $PBU IPPLT 1
 3FBS QFSTPOBM MJHIU 1
 4VO WJTPST 1
 .BQ MJHIU 1
404 DBMM TXJUDI JG TP FRVJQQFE
 .PPOSPPG TXJUDI JG TP FRVJQQFE
1
 4VOHMBTTFT IPMEFS 1
 1PXFS XJOEPX TXJUDI 1
 "VUPNBUJD ESJWF QPTJUJPOFS TXJUDI JG
TP FRVJQQFE 1
 *OTJEF NJSSPS
0QFSBUJPO 1
)PNF-JOL
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JG TP FRVJQQFE 1
$PNQBTT JG TP FRVJQQFE 1
 5SVOL QBTTUISPVHI3FBS BSNSFTU
1
 3FBS DVQ IPMEFST 1
 3FBS BTIUSBZ JG TP FRVJQQFE 1
 $POTPMF CPY 1
1PXFS PVUMFU 1
.FEJB IVC
 'SPOU DVQ IPMEFST 1
 'SPOU QBTTFOHFS BJS CBH TUBUVT MJHIU
1
 3FGFS UP UIF *OGJOJUJ *O5PVDI 0XOFST
.BOVBM
*MMVTUSBUFE UBCMF PG DPOUFOUT 
1"44&/(&3 $0.1"35.&/5
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 *MMVTUSBUFE UBCMF PG DPOUFOUT
+7$9
 4JEF WFOUJMBUPS 1
 )FBEMJHIU GPH MJHIU BOE UVSO TJHOBM
TXJUDI 1
 4UFFSJOH XIFFM
)PSO 1
%SJWFS TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH
1
)FBUFE TUFFSJOH XIFFM JG TP
FRVJQQFE
4UFFSJOH TZTUFN 1
 8JOETIJFME XJQFS BOE XBTIFS TXJUDI
1
 )B[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFS TXJUDI 1
 4IJGU MFWFS 1
 */'*/*5* DPOUSPMMFS
 7FIJDMF %ZOBNJD $POUSPM 7%$ 0''
TXJUDI 1 1
 5SVOL MJE SFMFBTF TXJUDI 1
 *OTUSVNFOU CSJHIUOFTT DPOUSPM TXJUDI
1
 53*13&4&5 TXJUDI GPS UXJO USJQ PE
PNFUFS 1
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XIFFM TXJUDI JG TP FRVJQQFE 1
 .BOVBM UJMUJOHUFMFTDPQJD TUFFSJOH
XIFFM MFWFS JG TP FRVJQQFE 1
 4UFFSJOHXIFFMNPVOUFE DPOUSPMT MFGU
TJEF
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)BOET'SFF 1IPOF 4ZTUFN TXJUDI
7PJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFN TXJUDI
4UFFSJOHXIFFMNPVOUFE DPOUSPMT
SJHIU TJEF
5SJQ DPNQVUFS TXJUDIFT 1
$SVJTF DPOUSPM TXJUDIFT JG TP
FRVJQQFE 1
*OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$
TXJUDIFT JG TP FRVJQQFE 1
$0$,1*5
background
%ZOBNJD ESJWFS BTTJTUBODF TXJUDI
JG TP FRVJQQFE 1 1
1
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 3FGFS UP UIF *OGJOJUJ *O5PVDI 0XOFST
.BOVBM
*MMVTUSBUFE UBCMF PG DPOUFOUT 
background
 *MMVTUSBUFE UBCMF PG DPOUFOUT
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 1BEEMF TIJGUFS JG TP FRVJQQFE 1
 .FUFST BOE HBVHFT 1
$MPDL 1
 1VTICVUUPO JHOJUJPO TXJUDI 1
 $FOUFS WFOUJMBUPS 1
 "VUPNBUJD DMJNBUF DPOUSPM TZTUFN
 6QQFS UPVDI TDSFFO EJTQMBZ VQQFS
EJTQMBZ BOE /BWJHBUJPO TZTUFN JG TP
FRVJQQFE
 -PXFS UPVDI TDSFFO EJTQMBZ MPXFS
EJTQMBZ
3FBS XJOEPX BOE PVUTJEF NJSSPS
EFGSPTUFS TXJUDI 1
 'SPOU QBTTFOHFS TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH
1
 )PPE SFMFBTF IBOEMF 1
 'VTF CPY DPWFS 1
 1BSLJOH CSBLF 1
 4UPSBHF CPY 1
 4FBU IFBUFS TXJUDI JG TP FRVJQQFE
 "VEJP TZTUFN
 5SVOL SFMFBTF QPXFS DBODFM TXJUDI
1
 (MPWF CPY 1
 3FGFS UP UIF *OGJOJUJ *O5PVDI 0XOFST
.BOVBM
*/4536.&/5 1"/&-
background
+7$9
 5BDIPNFUFS 1
 8BSOJOH*OEJDBUPS MJHIUT 1
 4QFFEPNFUFS 1
 &OHJOF DPPMBOU UFNQFSBUVSF HBVHF
1
 7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ 1
0EPNFUFSUXJO USJQ PEPNFUFS 1
 'VFM HBVHF 1
*MMVTUSBUFE UBCMF PG DPOUFOUT 
.&5&34 "/% ("6(&4
background
 *MMVTUSBUFE UBCMF PG DPOUFOUT
+7.9
727)3 &/(*/&
 #BUUFSZ 1
 &OHJOF PJM GJMMFS DBQ 1
 #SBLF GMVJE SFTFSWPJS 1
 1PXFS TUFFSJOH GMVJE SFTFSWPJS JG TP
FRVJQQFE 1
 "JS DMFBOFS 1
 3BEJBUPS GJMMFS DBQ 1
 &OHJOF DPPMBOU SFTFSWPJS 1
 &OHJOF PJM EJQTUJDL 1
 &OHJOF ESJWF CFMU MPDBUJPO 1
 'VTFGVTJCMF MJOL IPMEFS 1
 8JOEPX XBTIFS GMVJE SFTFSWPJS
1
&/(*/& $0.1"35.&/5
background
8BSOJOH
MJHIU
/BNF 1BHF
"OUJMPDL #SBLJOH 4ZTUFN "#4
XBSOJOH MJHIU

#SBLF XBSOJOH MJHIU 
$IBSHF XBSOJOH MJHIU 
'PSXBSE FNFSHFODZ CSBLJOH
TZTUFN XBSOJOH MJHIU JG TP
FRVJQQFE

-PX GVFM XBSOJOH MJHIU 
-PX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH MJHIU 
.BTUFS XBSOJOH MJHIU 
1PXFS TUFFSJOH XBSOJOH MJHIU JG
TP FRVJQQFE

4FBU CFMU XBSOJOH MJHIU 
4VQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH
MJHIU

7FIJDMF %ZOBNJD $POUSPM 7%$
XBSOJOH MJHIU

*OEJDBUPS
MJHIU
/BNF 1BHF
&$0 ESJWF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU 
&YUFSJPS MJHIU JOEJDBUPS 
'SPOU GPH MJHIU JOEJDBUPS MJHIU 
'SPOU QBTTFOHFS BJS CBH TUBUVT
MJHIU

)JHI CFBN BTTJTU JOEJDBUPS MJHIU
JG TP FRVJQQFE

)JHI CFBN JOEJDBUPS MJHIU 
.BMGVODUJPO *OEJDBUPS -JHIU
.*-

4FDVSJUZ JOEJDBUPS MJHIU 
5VSO TJHOBMIB[BSE JOEJDBUPS
MJHIUT

7FIJDMF %ZOBNJD $POUSPM 7%$
PGG JOEJDBUPS MJHIU

*MMVTUSBUFE UBCMF PG DPOUFOUT 
8"3/*/( "/% */%*$"503 -*()54
background
 *MMVTUSBUFE UBCMF PG DPOUFOUT
.&.0
background
4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM
SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
4FBUT  
'SPOU TFBUT 
3FBS TFBUT 
"SNSFTU 
)FBE SFTUSBJOUTIFBESFTUT 
"EKVTUBCMF IFBE
SFTUSBJOUIFBESFTU DPNQPOFOUT  
/POBEKVTUBCMF IFBE
SFTUSBJOUIFBESFTU DPNQPOFOUT  
3FNPWF 
*OTUBMM  
"EKVTU 
4FBU CFMUT  
1SFDBVUJPOT PO TFBU CFMU VTBHF  
1SFHOBOU XPNFO  
*OKVSFE QFSTPOT 
1SFDSBTI TFBU CFMUT XJUI DPNGPSU GVODUJPO
GSPOU TFBUT JG TP FRVJQQFE 
5ISFFQPJOU UZQF TFBU CFMU  
4FBU CFMU FYUFOEFST 
4FBU CFMU NBJOUFOBODF  
$IJME TBGFUZ 
*OGBOUT  
4NBMM DIJMESFO 
-BSHFS DIJMESFO 
$IJME SFTUSBJOUT
1SFDBVUJPOT PO DIJME SFTUSBJOUT  
-PXFS "ODIPST BOE 5FUIFST GPS $)JMESFO
4ZTUFN -"5$)  
3FBSGBDJOH DIJME SFTUSBJOU JOTUBMMBUJPO
VTJOH -"5$)  
3FBSGBDJOH DIJME SFTUSBJOU JOTUBMMBUJPO
VTJOH UIF TFBU CFMUT 
'PSXBSEGBDJOH DIJME SFTUSBJOU JOTUBMMBUJPO
VTJOH -"5$)  
'PSXBSEGBDJOH DIJME SFTUSBJOU JOTUBMMBUJPO
VTJOH UIF TFBU CFMUT 
#PPTUFS TFBUT  
4VQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
1SFDBVUJPOT PO TVQQMFNFOUBM
SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN  
*/'*/*5* "EWBODFE "JS #BH 4ZTUFN
GSPOU TFBUT 
'SPOU TFBUNPVOUFE TJEFJNQBDU TVQQMFNFOUBM
BJS CBH BOE SPPGNPVOUFE DVSUBJO TJEFJNQBDU
TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH TZTUFNT  
4FBU CFMUT XJUI QSFUFOTJPOFST GSPOU TFBUT 
4VQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MBCFMT 
4VQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU  
3FQBJS BOE SFQMBDFNFOU QSPDFEVSF  
background
 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
444
8"3/*/(
. %P OPU SJEF JO B NPWJOH WFIJDMF XIFO UIF
TFBUCBDL JT SFDMJOFE 5IJT DBO CF EBOHFS
PVT 5IF TIPVMEFS CFMU XJMM OPU CF BHBJOTU
ZPVS CPEZ *O BO BDDJEFOU ZPV DPVME CF
UISPXO JOUP JU BOE SFDFJWF OFDL PS PUIFS
TFSJPVT JOKVSJFT :PV DPVME BMTP TMJEF
VOEFS UIF MBQ CFMU BOE SFDFJWF TFSJPVT
JOUFSOBM JOKVSJFT
. 'PS UIF NPTU FGGFDUJWF QSPUFDUJPO XIFO
UIF WFIJDMF JT JO NPUJPO UIF TFBU TIPVME
CF VQSJHIU "MXBZT TJU XFMM CBDL JO UIF
TFBU XJUI CPUI GFFU PO UIF GMPPS BOE
BEKVTU UIF TFBU CFMU QSPQFSMZ 4FF g1SF
DBVUJPOT PO TFBU CFMU VTBHFu 1
. %P OPU MFBWF DIJMESFO VOBUUFOEFE JOTJEF
UIF WFIJDMF 5IFZ DPVME VOLOPXJOHMZ
BDUJWBUF TXJUDIFT PS DPOUSPMT 6OBU
UFOEFE DIJMESFO DPVME CFDPNF JOWPMWFE
JO TFSJPVT BDDJEFOUT
. 5IF TFBUCBDL TIPVME OPU CF SFDMJOFE
GVSUIFS UIBO OFDFTTBSZ GPS DPNGPSU 4FBU
CFMUT BSF NPTU FGGFDUJWF XIFO UIF QBT
TFOHFS TJUT XFMM CBDL BOE TUSBJHIU VQ JO
UIF TFBU *G UIF TFBUCBDL JT SFDMJOFE UIF
SJTL PG TMJEJOH VOEFS UIF MBQ CFMU BOE
CFJOH JOKVSFE JT JODSFBTFE
$"65*0/
8IFO BEKVTUJOH UIF TFBU QPTJUJPOT CF TVSF
OPU UP DPOUBDU BOZ NPWJOH QBSUT UP BWPJE
QPTTJCMF JOKVSJFT BOEPS EBNBHFT
4&"54
background
'30/5 4&"54
'SPOU QPXFS TFBU BEKVTUNFOU
0QFSBUJOH UJQT
. 5IF QPXFS TFBU NPUPS IBT BO BVUPSFTFU
PWFSMPBE QSPUFDUJPO DJSDVJU *G UIF NPUPS
TUPQT EVSJOH PQFSBUJPO XBJU  TFD
POET UIFO SFBDUJWBUF UIF TXJUDI
. %P OPU PQFSBUF UIF QPXFS TFBU TXJUDI
GPS B MPOH QFSJPE PG UJNF XIFO UIF
FOHJOF JT PGG 5IJT XJMM EJTDIBSHF UIF
CBUUFSZ
4FF g"VUPNBUJD ESJWF QPTJUJPOFSu 1
GPS UIF TFBU QPTJUJPO NFNPSZ GVODUJPO JG TP
FRVJQQFE
444
'PSXBSE BOE CBDLXBSE
.PWJOH UIF TXJUDI
*
GPSXBSE PS CBDLXBSE
XJMM TMJEF UIF TFBU GPSXBSE PS CBDLXBSE UP
UIF EFTJSFE QPTJUJPO
3FDMJOJOH
.PWF UIF SFDMJOF TXJUDI
*
CBDLXBSE VOUJM
UIF EFTJSFE BOHMF JT PCUBJOFE 5P CSJOH UIF
TFBUCBDL GPSXBSE BHBJO NPWF UIF TXJUDI
*
GPSXBSE
5IF SFDMJOJOH GFBUVSF BMMPXT BEKVTUNFOU PG
UIF TFBUCBDL GPS PDDVQBOUT PG EJGGFSFOU
TJ[FT GPS BEEFE DPNGPSU BOE UP IFMQ PCUBJO
QSPQFS TFBU CFMU GJU 4FF g1SFDBVUJPOT PO
TFBU CFMU VTBHFu 1 "MTP UIF TFBU
CBDL DBO CF SFDMJOFE UP BMMPX PDDVQBOUT UP
SFTU XIFO UIF WFIJDMF JT QBSLFE
4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
background
 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
444
4FBU MJGUFS
1VTI UIF GSPOU PS SFBS FOE PG UIF TXJUDI VQ
PS EPXO UP BEKVTU UIF BOHMF PG UIF GSPOU
QPSUJPO PS IFJHIU PG UIF TFBU
444
5ZQF " JG TP FRVJQQFE
-VNCBS TVQQPSU JG TP FRVJQQFE
5IF MVNCBS TVQQPSU GFBUVSF QSPWJEFT MPXFS
CBDL TVQQPSU UP UIF ESJWFS
5ZQF " JG TP FRVJQQFE
1VTI UIF GSPOU PS CBDL FOE PG UIF TXJUDI UP
BEKVTU UIF TFBUCBDL MVNCBS BSFB
444
5ZQF # JG TP FRVJQQFE
5ZQF # JG TP FRVJQQFE
.PWF UIF MFWFS
*
VQ PS EPXO UP BEKVTU UIF
TFBUCBDL MVNCBS BSFB
background
+739
4JEF TVQQPSU JG TP FRVJQQFE
5IF TJEF TVQQPSU GFBUVSF BMMPXT ZPV UP
BEKVTU UIF UPSTP TVQQPSUT 1VTI UIF TXJUDI
JOTJEF
*
PS PVUTJEF
*
UP BEKVTU UIF UPSTP
BSFB
444
5IJHI FYUFOTJPO JG TP FRVJQQFE
5IF GSPOU QPSUJPO PG UIF GSPOU TFBUT DBO CF
FYUFOEFE GPSXBSE GPS TFBUJOH DPNGPSU 1VMM
VQ BOE IPME UIF MFWFS
*
UP FYUFOE UIF
GSPOU QPSUJPO UP UIF EFTJSFE QPTJUJPO
)FBUFE TFBUT JG TP FRVJQQFE
5IF GSPOU TFBUT BSF XBSNFE CZ CVJMUJO
IFBUFST 5IF TXJUDIFT MPDBUFE PO UIF
JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM DBO CF PQFSBUFE JOEF
QFOEFOUMZ PG FBDI PUIFS
'PS EFUBJMT TFF UIF *OGJOJUJ *O5PVDI 0XOFST
.BOVBM
3&"3 4&"54
'PMEJOH JG TP FRVJQQFE
8"3/*/(
. /FWFS BMMPX BOZPOF UP SJEF JO UIF USVOL PS
PO UIF SFBS TFBU XIFO JU JT JO UIF GPME
EPXO QPTJUJPO 6TF PG UIFTF BSFBT CZ
QBTTFOHFST XJUIPVU QSPQFS SFTUSBJOUT
DPVME SFTVMU JO TFSJPVT JOKVSZ JO BO
BDDJEFOU PS TVEEFO TUPQ
. 1SPQFSMZ TFDVSF BMM DBSHP XJUI SPQFT PS
TUSBQT UP IFMQ QSFWFOU JU GSPN TMJEJOH PS
TIJGUJOH %P OPU QMBDF DBSHP IJHIFS UIBO
UIF TFBUCBDLT *O B TVEEFO TUPQ PS
DPMMJTJPO VOTFDVSFE DBSHP DPVME DBVTF
QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ
. 8IFO SFUVSOJOH UIF TFBUCBDLT UP UIF
VQSJHIU QPTJUJPO CF DFSUBJO UIFZ BSF
DPNQMFUFMZ TFDVSFE JO UIF MBUDIFE QPTJ
UJPO *G UIFZ BSF OPU DPNQMFUFMZ TFDVSFE
QBTTFOHFST NBZ CF JOKVSFE JO BO BDDJ
EFOU PS TVEEFO TUPQ
. $MPTFMZ TVQFSWJTF DIJMESFO XIFO UIFZ BSF
BSPVOE DBST UP QSFWFOU UIFN GSPN QMBZ
JOH BOE CFDPNJOH MPDLFE JO UIF USVOL
XIFSF UIFZ DPVME CF TFSJPVTMZ JOKVSFE
,FFQ UIF DBS MPDLFE XJUI UIF SFBS
4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
background
 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
TFBUCBDL BOE USVOL MJE TFDVSFMZ MBUDIFE
XIFO OPU JO VTF BOE QSFWFOU DIJMESFOT
BDDFTT UP DBS LFZT
+739
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TFBU XJUI CPUI GFFU PO UIF GMPPS BOE
BEKVTU UIF TFBU CFMU QSPQFSMZ
+739
.PEFMT XJUI SFBS TFBU GPMEJOH
8"3/*/(
%P OPU BMMPX DIJMESFO UP QMBZ XJUI UIF TFBU
CFMUT .PTU TFBUJOH QPTJUJPOT BSF FRVJQQFE
XJUI "VUPNBUJD -PDLJOH 3FUSBDUPS "-3
NPEF TFBU CFMUT *G UIF TFBU CFMU CFDPNFT
XSBQQFE BSPVOE B DIJMET OFDL XJUI UIF "-3
NPEF BDUJWBUFE UIF DIJME DBO CF TFSJPVTMZ
JOKVSFE PS LJMMFE JG UIF TFBU CFMU SFUSBDUT BOE
CFDPNFT UJHIU 5IJT DBO PDDVS FWFO JG UIF
WFIJDMF JT QBSLFE 6OCVDLMF UIF TFBU CFMU UP
SFMFBTF UIF DIJME 'PS UIF DFOUFS PG UIF SFBS
TFBU PO UIF NPEFMT XJUI SFBS TFBU GPMEJOH
UIF DPOOFDUPS UPOHVF
*
NBZ BMTP CF
SFMFBTFE 3FMFBTF UIF DPOOFDUPS UPOHVF CZ
JOTFSUJOH B TVJUBCMF UPPM TVDI BT B LFZ JOUP
UIF DPOOFDUPS CVDLMF
*
"
*G UIF TFBU CFMU DBO
OPU CF VOCVDLMFE PS JT BMSFBEZ VOCVDLMFE
SFMFBTF UIF DIJME CZ DVUUJOH UIF TFBU CFMU
XJUI B TVJUBCMF UPPM TVDI BT B LOJGF PS
TDJTTPST UP SFMFBTF UIF TFBU CFMU
4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
background
 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
444
'BTUFOJOH UIF TFBU CFMUT
 "EKVTU UIF TFBU 4FF g4FBUTu 1
 4MPXMZ QVMM UIF TFBU CFMU PVU PG UIF
SFUSBDUPS BOE JOTFSU UIF UPOHVF JOUP UIF
CVDLMF VOUJM ZPV IFBS BOE GFFM UIF MBUDI
FOHBHF
.
5IF SFUSBDUPS JT EFTJHOFE UP MPDL
EVSJOH B TVEEFO TUPQ PS PO JNQBDU "
TMPX QVMMJOH NPUJPO QFSNJUT UIF CFMU
UP NPWF BOE BMMPXT ZPV TPNF GSFF
EPN PG NPWFNFOU JO UIF TFBU
.
*G UIF TFBU CFMU DBOOPU CF QVMMFE GSPN
JUT GVMMZ SFUSBDUFE QPTJUJPO GJSNMZ
QVMM UIF CFMU BOE SFMFBTF JU 5IFO
TNPPUIMZ QVMM UIF CFMU PVU PG UIF
SFUSBDUPS
444
 1PTJUJPO UIF MBQ CFMU QPSUJPO MPX BOE
TOVH PO UIF IJQT BT TIPXO
 1VMM UIF TIPVMEFS CFMU QPSUJPO UPXBSE
UIF SFUSBDUPS UP UBLF VQ FYUSB TMBDL #F
TVSF UIF TIPVMEFS CFMU JT SPVUFE PWFS
ZPVS TIPVMEFS BOE BDSPTT ZPVS DIFTU
5IF UISFFQPJOU UZQF TFBU CFMUT IBWF UXP
NPEFT PG PQFSBUJPO
. &NFSHFODZ -PDLJOH 3FUSBDUPS &-3
. "VUPNBUJD -PDLJOH 3FUSBDUPS "-3
5IF &NFSHFODZ -PDLJOH 3FUSBDUPS &-3
NPEF BMMPXT UIF TFBU CFMU UP FYUFOE BOE
SFUSBDU UP BMMPX UIF ESJWFS BOE QBTTFOHFST
TPNF GSFFEPN PG NPWFNFOU JO UIF TFBU
background
5IF &-3 MPDLT UIF TFBU CFMU XIFO UIF
WFIJDMF TMPXT EPXO SBQJEMZ PS EVSJOH
JNQBDUT
5IF "VUPNBUJD -PDLJOH 3FUSBDUPS "-3
NPEF DIJME SFTUSBJOU NPEF MPDLT UIF TFBU
CFMU GPS DIJME SFTUSBJOU JOTUBMMBUJPO
8IFO UIF "-3 NPEF JT BDUJWBUFE UIF TFBU
CFMU DBOOPU CF FYUFOEFE BHBJO VOUJM UIF
TFBU CFMU UPOHVF JT EFUBDIFE GSPN UIF
CVDLMF BOE GVMMZ SFUSBDUFE 5IF TFBU CFMU
SFUVSOT UP UIF &-3 NPEF BGUFS UIF TFBU CFMU
GVMMZ SFUSBDUT 'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO
TFF g$IJME SFTUSBJOUTu 1
5IF "-3 NPEF TIPVME CF VTFE POMZ GPS
DIJME SFTUSBJOU JOTUBMMBUJPO %VSJOH OPSNBM
TFBU CFMU VTF CZ BO PDDVQBOU UIF "-3
NPEF TIPVME OPU CF BDUJWBUFE *G JU JT
BDUJWBUFE JU NBZ DBVTF VODPNGPSUBCMF TFBU
CFMU UFOTJPO
8"3/*/(
8IFO GBTUFOJOH UIF TFBU CFMUT CF DFSUBJO
UIBU TFBUCBDLT BSF DPNQMFUFMZ TFDVSFE JO
UIF MBUDIFE QPTJUJPO *G UIFZ BSF OPU DPN
QMFUFMZ TFDVSFE QBTTFOHFST NBZ CF JOKVSFE
JO BO BDDJEFOU PS TVEEFO TUPQ
444
6OGBTUFOJOH UIF TFBU CFMUT
5P VOGBTUFO UIF TFBU CFMU QVTI UIF CVUUPO
PO UIF CVDLMF 5IF TFBU CFMU BVUPNBUJDBMMZ
SFUSBDUT
$IFDLJOH TFBU CFMU PQFSBUJPO
4FBU CFMU SFUSBDUPST BSF EFTJHOFE UP MPDL
TFBU CFMU NPWFNFOU CZ UXP TFQBSBUF
NFUIPET
. 8IFO UIF CFMU JT QVMMFE RVJDLMZ GSPN UIF
SFUSBDUPS
. 8IFO UIF WFIJDMF TMPXT EPXO SBQJEMZ
5P JODSFBTF ZPVS DPOGJEFODF JO UIF TFBU
CFMUT DIFDL UIF PQFSBUJPO BT GPMMPXT
. (SBTQ UIF TIPVMEFS CFMU BOE QVMM GPS
XBSE RVJDLMZ 5IF SFUSBDUPS TIPVME MPDL
BOE SFTUSJDU GVSUIFS CFMU NPWFNFOU
*G UIF SFUSBDUPS EPFT OPU MPDL EVSJOH UIJT
DIFDL PS JG ZPV IBWF BOZ RVFTUJPO BCPVU
TFBU CFMU PQFSBUJPO TFF BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
background
 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
444
$FOUFS PG SFBS TFBU
5IF DFOUFS TFBU CFMU CVDLMF JT JEFOUJGJFE CZ
UIF $&/5&3 NBSL
*
"
5IF DFOUFS TFBU CFMU
UPOHVF DBO CF GBTUFOFE POMZ JOUP UIF DFOUFS
TFBU CFMU
+739
3FBS DFOUFS TFBU CFMU NPEFMT XJUI
SFBS TFBU GPMEJOH
5IF SFBS DFOUFS TFBU CFMU IBT B TFBU CFMU
UPOHVF
*
BOE B DPOOFDUPS UPOHVF
*
#PUI UIF DPOOFDUPS UPOHVF BOE UIF TFBU
CFMU UPOHVF NVTU CF TFDVSFMZ MBUDIFE GPS
QSPQFS TFBU CFMU PQFSBUJPO
444
8"3/*/(
. "MXBZT GBTUFO UIF DPOOFDUPS UPOHVF BOE
UIF TFBU CFMU JO UIF PSEFS TIPXO
. "MXBZT NBLF TVSF CPUI UIF DPOOFDUPS
UPOHVF BOE UIF TFBU CFMU UPOHVF BSF
TFDVSFE XIFO VTJOH UIF TFBU CFMU PS
JOTUBMMJOH B DIJME SFTUSBJOU %P OPU VTF
UIF TFBU CFMU PS DIJME SFTUSBJOU XJUI POMZ
UIF TFBU CFMU UPOHVF BUUBDIFE 5IJT DPVME
SFTVMU JO TFSJPVT QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ JO DBTF
PG BO BDDJEFOU PS B TVEEFO TUPQ
background
+739
4UPXJOH SFBS DFOUFS TFBU CFMU
8IFO GPMEJOH EPXO UIF SFBS TFBU UIF SFBS
DFOUFS TFBU CFMU DBO CF SFUSBDUFE JOUP B
TUPXFE QPTJUJPO BT GPMMPXT
 )PME UIF DPOOFDUPS UPOHVF
*
TP UIBU
UIF TFBU CFMU EPFT OPU SFUSBDU TVEEFOMZ
XIFO UIF UPOHVF JT SFMFBTFE GSPN UIF
DPOOFDUPS CVDLMF 3FMFBTF UIF DPOOFD
UPS UPOHVF CZ JOTFSUJOH B TVJUBCMF UPPM
TVDI BT LFZ
*
"
JOUP UIF DPOOFDUPS
CVDLMF
 5IFO TFDVSF UIF DPOOFDUPS UPOHVF JOUP
UIF SFUSBDUPS CBTF
*
8"3/*/(
. %P OPU VOGBTUFO UIF SFBS DFOUFS TFBU CFMU
DPOOFDUPS FYDFQU XIFO GPMEJOH EPXO UIF
SFBS TFBU
. 8IFO BUUBDIJOH UIF SFBS DFOUFS TFBU CFMU
DPOOFDUPS CF DFSUBJO UIBU UIF TFBUCBDLT
BSF DPNQMFUFMZ TFDVSFE JO UIF MBUDIFE
QPTJUJPO BOE UIF SFBS DFOUFS TFBU CFMU
DPOOFDUPS JT DPNQMFUFMZ TFDVSFE
. *G UIF SFBS DFOUFS TFBU CFMU DPOOFDUPS BOE
UIF TFBUCBDLT BSF OPU TFDVSFE JO UIF
DPSSFDU QPTJUJPO TFSJPVT QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ
NBZ SFTVMU JO BO BDDJEFOU PS TVEEFO TUPQ
+739
"UUBDIJOH SFBS DFOUFS TFBU CFMU
"MXBZT CF TVSF UIF SFBS DFOUFS TFBU CFMU
DPOOFDUPS UPOHVF BOE DPOOFDUPS CVDLMF BSF
BUUBDIFE %JTDPOOFDU POMZ XIFO GPMEJOH
EPXO UIF SFBS TFBU
5P DPOOFDU UIF CVDLMF
4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
background
 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
 1VMM PVU UIF DPOOFDUPS UPOHVF GSPN UIF
SFUSBDUPS CBTF
*
 1VMM UIF TFBU CFMU BOE TFDVSF UIF
DPOOFDUPS CVDLMF VOUJM JU DMJDLT
*
5IF DFOUFS TFBU CFMU DPOOFDUPS UPOHVF BOE
CVDLMF BSF JOEJDBUFE CZ UIF ! BOE ~ NBSL
5IF DFOUFS TFBU CFMU DPOOFDUPS UPOHVF DBO
CF BUUBDIFE POMZ JOUP UIF SFBS DFOUFS TFBU
CFMU DPOOFDUPS CVDLMF
5P GBTUFO UIF TFBU CFMU TFF g'BTUFOJOH UIF
TFBU CFMUTu 1
8"3/*/(
. %P OPU VOGBTUFO UIF SFBS DFOUFS TFBU CFMU
DPOOFDUPS FYDFQU XIFO GPMEJOH EPXO UIF
SFBS TFBU
. 8IFO BUUBDIJOH UIF SFBS DFOUFS TFBU CFMU
DPOOFDUPS CF DFSUBJO UIBU UIF TFBUCBDLT
BSF DPNQMFUFMZ TFDVSFE JO UIF MBUDIFE
QPTJUJPO BOE UIF SFBS DFOUFS TFBU CFMU
DPOOFDUPS JT DPNQMFUFMZ TFDVSFE
. *G UIF SFBS DFOUFS TFBU CFMU DPOOFDUPS BOE
UIF TFBUCBDLT BSF OPU TFDVSFE JO UIF
DPSSFDU QPTJUJPO TFSJPVT QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ
NBZ SFTVMU JO BO BDDJEFOU PS TVEEFO TUPQ
444"
4IPVMEFS CFMU IFJHIU BEKVTUNFOU
GSPOU TFBUT
5IF TIPVMEFS CFMU BODIPS IFJHIU TIPVME CF
BEKVTUFE UP UIF QPTJUJPO CFTU GPS ZPV 4FF
g1SFDBVUJPOT PO TFBU CFMU VTBHFu 1
5P BEKVTU QVTI UIF CVUUPO
*
"
BOE UIFO
NPWF UIF TIPVMEFS CFMU BODIPS UP UIF
EFTJSFE QPTJUJPO TP UIBU UIF CFMU QBTTFT
PWFS UIF DFOUFS PG UIF TIPVMEFS 5IF CFMU
TIPVME CF BXBZ GSPN ZPVS GBDF BOE OFDL
CVU OPU GBMMJOH PGG PG ZPVS TIPVMEFS 3FMFBTF
UIF BEKVTUNFOU CVUUPO UP MPDL UIF TIPVMEFS
CFMU BODIPS JOUP QPTJUJPO
8"3/*/(
. "GUFS BEKVTUNFOU SFMFBTF UIF BEKVTU
NFOU CVUUPO BOE USZ UP NPWF UIF
TIPVMEFS CFMU BODIPS VQ BOE EPXO UP
NBLF TVSF JU JT TFDVSFMZ GJYFE JO QPTJUJPO
. 5IF TIPVMEFS CFMU BODIPS IFJHIU TIPVME
CF BEKVTUFE UP UIF QPTJUJPO CFTU GPS ZPV
'BJMVSF UP EP TP NBZ SFEVDF UIF FGGFD
UJWFOFTT PG UIF FOUJSF SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
BOE JODSFBTF UIF DIBODF PS TFWFSJUZ PG
JOKVSZ JO BO BDDJEFOU
4&"5 #&-5 &95&/%&34
*G CFDBVTF PG CPEZ TJ[F PS ESJWJOH QPTJUJPO
JU JT OPU QPTTJCMF UP QSPQFSMZ GJU UIF MBQ
TIPVMEFS CFMU BOE GBTUFO JU BO FYUFOEFS
UIBU JT DPNQBUJCMF XJUI UIF JOTUBMMFE TFBU
CFMUT JT BWBJMBCMF UIBU DBO CF QVSDIBTFE
5IF FYUFOEFS BEET BQQSPYJNBUFMZ JO 
NN PG MFOHUI BOE NBZ CF VTFE GPS FJUIFS
UIF ESJWFS PS GSPOU QBTTFOHFS TFBUJOH
QPTJUJPO 4FF BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS GPS BTTJT
UBODF XJUI QVSDIBTJOH BO FYUFOEFS JG BO
FYUFOEFS JT SFRVJSFE
background
8"3/*/(
. 0OMZ */'*/*5* TFBU CFMU FYUFOEFST NBEF
CZ UIF TBNF DPNQBOZ XIJDI NBEF UIF
PSJHJOBM FRVJQNFOU TFBU CFMUT TIPVME CF
VTFE XJUI UIF */'*/*5* TFBU CFMUT
. "EVMUT BOE DIJMESFO XIP DBO VTF UIF
TUBOEBSE TFBU CFMU TIPVME OPU VTF BO
FYUFOEFS 4VDI VOOFDFTTBSZ VTF DPVME
SFTVMU JO TFSJPVT QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ JO UIF
FWFOU PG BO BDDJEFOU
. /FWFS VTF TFBU CFMU FYUFOEFST UP JOTUBMM
DIJME SFTUSBJOUT *G UIF DIJME SFTUSBJOU JT
OPU TFDVSFE QSPQFSMZ UIF DIJME DPVME CF
TFSJPVTMZ JOKVSFE JO B DPMMJTJPO PS B
TVEEFO TUPQ
4&"5 #&-5 ."*/5&/"/$&
. 5P DMFBO UIF TFBU CFMU XFCCJOH BQQMZ B
NJME TPBQ TPMVUJPO PS BOZ TPMVUJPO
SFDPNNFOEFE GPS DMFBOJOH VQIPMTUFSZ
PS DBSQFUT 5IFO XJQF XJUI B DMPUI BOE
BMMPX UIF TFBU CFMUT UP ESZ JO UIF TIBEF
%P OPU BMMPX UIF TFBU CFMUT UP SFUSBDU
VOUJM UIFZ BSF DPNQMFUFMZ ESZ
. *G EJSU CVJMET VQ JO UIF TIPVMEFS CFMU
HVJEF PG UIF TFBU CFMU BODIPST UIF TFBU
CFMUT NBZ SFUSBDU TMPXMZ 8JQF UIF
TIPVMEFS CFMU HVJEF XJUI B DMFBO ESZ
DMPUI
. 1FSJPEJDBMMZ DIFDL UP TFF UIBU UIF TFBU
CFMU BOE UIF NFUBM DPNQPOFOUT TVDI BT
CVDLMFT UPOHVFT SFUSBDUPST GMFYJCMF
XJSFT BOE BODIPST XPSL QSPQFSMZ *G
MPPTF QBSUT EFUFSJPSBUJPO DVUT PS PUIFS
EBNBHF PO UIF XFCCJOH JT GPVOE UIF
FOUJSF TFBU CFMU BTTFNCMZ TIPVME CF
SFQMBDFE
+739
.PEFMT XJUI SFBS TFBU GPMEJOH
8"3/*/(
%P OPU BMMPX DIJMESFO UP QMBZ XJUI UIF TFBU
CFMUT .PTU TFBUJOH QPTJUJPOT BSF FRVJQQFE
XJUI "VUPNBUJD -PDLJOH 3FUSBDUPS "-3
NPEF TFBU CFMUT *G UIF TFBU CFMU CFDPNFT
XSBQQFE BSPVOE B DIJMET OFDL XJUI UIF "-3
NPEF BDUJWBUFE UIF DIJME DBO CF TFSJPVTMZ
JOKVSFE PS LJMMFE JG UIF TFBU CFMU SFUSBDUT BOE
CFDPNFT UJHIU 5IJT DBO PDDVS FWFO JG UIF
WFIJDMF JT QBSLFE 6OCVDLMF UIF TFBU CFMU UP
SFMFBTF UIF DIJME 'PS UIF DFOUFS PG UIF SFBS
TFBU PO UIF NPEFMT XJUI SFBS TFBU GPMEJOH
UIF DPOOFDUPS UPOHVF
*
NBZ BMTP CF
4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
$)*-% 4"'&5:
background
 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
SFMFBTFE 3FMFBTF UIF DPOOFDUPS UPOHVF CZ
JOTFSUJOH B TVJUBCMF UPPM TVDI BT B LFZ JOUP
UIF DPOOFDUPS CVDLMF
*
"
*G UIF TFBU CFMU DBO
OPU CF VOCVDLMFE PS JT BMSFBEZ VOCVDLMFE
SFMFBTF UIF DIJME CZ DVUUJOH UIF TFBU CFMU
XJUI B TVJUBCMF UPPM TVDI BT B LOJGF PS
TDJTTPST UP SFMFBTF UIF TFBU CFMU
$IJMESFO OFFE BEVMUT UP IFMQ QSPUFDU UIFN
5IFZ OFFE UP CF QSPQFSMZ SFTUSBJOFE
*O BEEJUJPO UP UIF HFOFSBM JOGPSNBUJPO JO
UIJT NBOVBM DIJME TBGFUZ JOGPSNBUJPO JT
BWBJMBCMF GSPN NBOZ PUIFS TPVSDFT JODMVE
JOH EPDUPST UFBDIFST HPWFSONFOU USBGGJD
TBGFUZ PGGJDFT BOE DPNNVOJUZ PSHBOJ[B
UJPOT &WFSZ DIJME JT EJGGFSFOU TP CF TVSF UP
MFBSO UIF CFTU XBZ UP USBOTQPSU ZPVS DIJME
5IFSF BSF UISFF CBTJD UZQFT PG DIJME
SFTUSBJOU TZTUFNT
. 3FBSGBDJOH DIJME SFTUSBJOU
. 'PSXBSEGBDJOH DIJME SFTUSBJOU
. #PPTUFS TFBU
5IF QSPQFS SFTUSBJOU EFQFOET PO UIF DIJMET
TJ[F (FOFSBMMZ JOGBOUT VQ UP BCPVU ZFBS
BOE MFTT UIBO  MCT  LH TIPVME CF
QMBDFE JO SFBSGBDJOH DIJME SFTUSBJOUT 'PS
XBSEGBDJOH DIJME SFTUSBJOUT BSF BWBJMBCMF
GPS DIJMESFO XIP PVUHSPX SFBSGBDJOH DIJME
SFTUSBJOUT BOE BSF BU MFBTU ZFBS PME
#PPTUFS TFBUT BSF VTFE UP IFMQ QPTJUJPO B
WFIJDMF MBQTIPVMEFS CFMU PO B DIJME XIP
DBO OP MPOHFS VTF B GPSXBSEGBDJOH DIJME
SFTUSBJOU
8"3/*/(
*OGBOUT BOE DIJMESFO OFFE TQFDJBM QSPUFDUJPO
5IF WFIJDMFT TFBU CFMUT NBZ OPU GJU UIFN
QSPQFSMZ 5IF TIPVMEFS CFMU NBZ DPNF UPP
DMPTF UP UIF GBDF PS OFDL 5IF MBQ CFMU NBZ
OPU GJU PWFS UIFJS TNBMM IJQ CPOFT *O BO
BDDJEFOU BO JNQSPQFSMZ GJUUJOH TFBU CFMU
DPVME DBVTF TFSJPVT PS GBUBM JOKVSZ "MXBZT
VTF BQQSPQSJBUF DIJME SFTUSBJOUT
"MM 64 TUBUFT BOE $BOBEJBO QSPWJODFT PS
UFSSJUPSJFT SFRVJSF UIF VTF PG BQQSPWFE
DIJME SFTUSBJOUT GPS JOGBOUT BOE TNBMM
DIJMESFO 4FF g$IJME SFTUSBJOUTu 1
" DIJME SFTUSBJOU NBZ CF TFDVSFE JO UIF
WFIJDMF CZ VTJOH FJUIFS UIF -"5$) -PXFS
"ODIPS BOE 5FUIFST GPS $)JMESFO TZTUFN PS
XJUI UIF WFIJDMF TFBU CFMU 4FF g$IJME
SFTUSBJOUTu 1 GPS NPSF JOGPSNBUJPO
*/'*/*5* SFDPNNFOET UIBU BMM QSFUFFOT
BOE DIJMESFO CF SFTUSBJOFE JO UIF SFBS TFBU
4UVEJFT TIPX UIBU DIJMESFO BSF TBGFS XIFO
QSPQFSMZ SFTUSBJOFE JO UIF SFBS TFBU UIBO JO
UIF GSPOU TFBU
5IJT JT FTQFDJBMMZ JNQPSUBOU CFDBVTF ZPVS
WFIJDMF IBT B TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZT
UFN "JS CBH TZTUFN GPS UIF GSPOU QBTTFO
HFS 4FF g4VQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFNu
1
*/'"/54
*OGBOUT VQ UP BU MFBTU ZFBS PME TIPVME CF
QMBDFE JO B SFBSGBDJOH DIJME SFTUSBJOU
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JOGMBUF PO UIF TJEF XIFSF UIF WFIJDMF JT
JNQBDUFE 5IFZ NBZ OPU JOGMBUF JO DFSUBJO
TJEF DPMMJTJPOT PO UIF TJEF XIFSF UIF
WFIJDMF JT JNQBDUFE
7FIJDMF EBNBHF PS MBDL PG JU JT OPU BMXBZT
BO JOEJDBUJPO PG QSPQFS TVQQMFNFOUBM TJEF
BJS CBH BOE DVSUBJO TJEFJNQBDU BJS CBH
PQFSBUJPO
8IFO TJEF BJS CBHT BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBHT
JOGMBUF B GBJSMZ MPVE OPJTF NBZ CF IFBSE
GPMMPXFE CZ SFMFBTF PG TNPLF 5IJT TNPLF
JT OPU IBSNGVM BOE EPFT OPU JOEJDBUF B GJSF
$BSF TIPVME CF UBLFO OPU UP JOIBMF JU BT JU
NBZ DBVTF JSSJUBUJPO BOE DIPLJOH 5IPTF
XJUI B IJTUPSZ PG B CSFBUIJOH DPOEJUJPO
TIPVME HFU GSFTI BJS QSPNQUMZ
4JEF BJS CBHT BMPOH XJUI UIF VTF PG TFBU
CFMUT IFMQ UP DVTIJPO UIF JNQBDU GPSDF PO
UIF DIFTU BOE QFMWJT PG UIF GSPOU PDDVQBOUT
$VSUBJO BJS CBHT IFMQ UP DVTIJPO UIF JNQBDU
GPSDF UP UIF IFBE PG PDDVQBOUT JO UIF GSPOU
BOE SFBS PVUCPBSE TFBUJOH QPTJUJPOT 5IFZ
DBO IFMQ TBWF MJWFT BOE SFEVDF TFSJPVT
JOKVSJFT )PXFWFS BO JOGMBUJOH TJEF BJS CBHT
BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBHT NBZ DBVTF BCSBTJPOT
PS PUIFS JOKVSJFT 4JEF BJS CBHT BOE DVSUBJO
BJS CBHT EP OPU QSPWJEF SFTUSBJOU UP UIF
MPXFS CPEZ
5IF TFBU CFMUT TIPVME CF DPSSFDUMZ XPSO BOE
UIF ESJWFS BOE QBTTFOHFS TFBUFE VQSJHIU BT
GBS BT QSBDUJDBM BXBZ GSPN UIF TJEF BJS CBH
3FBS TFBU QBTTFOHFST TIPVME CF TFBUFE BT
GBS BXBZ BT QSBDUJDBM GSPN UIF EPPS
GJOJTIFST BOE TJEF SPPG SBJMT 5IF TJEF BJS
CBHT BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBHT JOGMBUF RVJDLMZ JO
PSEFS UP IFMQ QSPUFDU UIF PDDVQBOUT
#FDBVTF PG UIJT UIF GPSDF PG UIF TJEF BJS
CBHT BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBHT JOGMBUJOH DBO
JODSFBTF UIF SJTL PG JOKVSZ JG UIF PDDVQBOU JT
UPP DMPTF UP PS JT BHBJOTU UIFTF BJS CBH
NPEVMFT EVSJOH JOGMBUJPO 5IF TJEF BJS CBHT
BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBHT XJMM EFGMBUF RVJDLMZ
BGUFS UIF DPMMJTJPO JT PWFS
5IF TJEF BJS CBHT BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBHT
PQFSBUF POMZ XIFO UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO
UIF 0/ QPTJUJPO
"GUFS QVTIJOH UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF 0/
QPTJUJPO UIF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSO
JOH MJHIU JMMVNJOBUFT 5IF BJS CBH XBSOJOH
MJHIU XJMM UVSO PGG BGUFS BCPVU TFDPOET JG
UIF TZTUFNT BSF PQFSBUJPOBM
4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
background
 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
8"3/*/(
. %P OPU QMBDF BOZ PCKFDUT OFBS UIF TFBU
CBDL PG UIF GSPOU TFBUT "MTP EP OPU
QMBDF BOZ PCKFDUT BO VNCSFMMB CBH FUD
CFUXFFO UIF GSPOU EPPS GJOJTIFS BOE UIF
GSPOU TFBU 4VDI PCKFDUT NBZ CFDPNF
EBOHFSPVT QSPKFDUJMFT BOE DBVTF JOKVSZ JG
TJEF BJS CBH JOGMBUFT
. 3JHIU BGUFS JOGMBUJPO TFWFSBM TJEF BJS
CBHT BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBH TZTUFN DPNQP
OFOUT XJMM CF IPU %P OPU UPVDI UIFN ZPV
NBZ TFWFSFMZ CVSO ZPVSTFMG
. /P VOBVUIPSJ[FE DIBOHFT TIPVME CF
NBEF UP BOZ DPNQPOFOUT PS XJSJOH PG
TJEF BJS CBH BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBHT 5IJT JT
UP QSFWFOU EBNBHF UP PS BDDJEFOUBM
JOGMBUJPO PG UIF TJEF BJS CBH BOE DVSUBJO
BJS CBH TZTUFNT
. %P OPU NBLF VOBVUIPSJ[FE DIBOHFT UP
ZPVS WFIJDMFT FMFDUSJDBM TZTUFN TVTQFO
TJPO TZTUFN PS TJEF QBOFM 5IJT DPVME
BGGFDU QSPQFS PQFSBUJPO PG UIF TJEF BJS
CBH BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBH TZTUFNT
. 5BNQFSJOH XJUI UIF BJS CBH TZTUFN NBZ
SFTVMU JO TFSJPVT QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ 'PS
FYBNQMF EP OPU DIBOHF UIF GSPOU TFBUT
CZ QMBDJOH NBUFSJBM OFBS UIF TFBUCBDL PS
CZ JOTUBMMJOH BEEJUJPOBM USJN NBUFSJBM
TVDI BT TFBU DPWFST BSPVOE UIF TJEF BJS
CBHT
. 8PSL BSPVOE BOE PO UIF TJEF BJS CBH BOE
DVSUBJO BJS CBH TZTUFNT TIPVME CF EPOF
CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS *OTUBMMBUJPO PG
FMFDUSJDBM FRVJQNFOU TIPVME BMTP CF
EPOF CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS 5IF 4VQQMF
NFOUBM 3FTUSBJOU 4ZTUFN 434 XJSJOH
IBSOFTTFT TIPVME OPU CF NPEJGJFE PS
EJTDPOOFDUFE 6OBVUIPSJ[FE FMFDUSJDBM
UFTU FRVJQNFOU BOE QSPCJOH EFWJDFT
TIPVME OPU CF VTFE PO UIF TJEFJNQBDU
BJS CBH TZTUFN
5IF 434 XJSJOH IBSOFTT DPOOFDUPST
BSF ZFMMPX BOE PSBOHF GPS FBTZ
JEFOUJGJDBUJPO
8IFO TFMMJOH ZPVS WFIJDMF XF SFRVFTU UIBU
ZPV JOGPSN UIF CVZFS BCPVU UIF TJEF BJS CBH
BOE DVSUBJO BJS CBH TZTUFNT BOE HVJEF UIF
CVZFS UP UIF BQQSPQSJBUF TFDUJPOT JO UIJT
0XOFST .BOVBM
4&"5 #&-54 8*5) 13&5&/4*0/&34
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8"3/*/(
. 5IF QSFUFOTJPOFST DBOOPU CF SFVTFE BGUFS
BDUJWBUJPO 5IFZ NVTU CF SFQMBDFE UP
HFUIFS XJUI UIF SFUSBDUPS BOE CVDLMF BT B
VOJU
. *G UIF WFIJDMF CFDPNFT JOWPMWFE JO B
DPMMJTJPO CVU B QSFUFOTJPOFS JT OPU
BDUJWBUFE CF TVSF UP IBWF UIF QSFUFO
TJPOFS TZTUFN DIFDLFE BOE JG OFDFTTBSZ
SFQMBDFE CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
. /P VOBVUIPSJ[FE DIBOHFT TIPVME CF
NBEF UP BOZ DPNQPOFOUT PS XJSJOH PG
UIF QSFUFOTJPOFST 5IJT JT UP QSFWFOU
EBNBHF UP PS BDDJEFOUBM BDUJWBUJPO PG
UIF QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFN 5BNQFSJOH XJUI
UIF QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFN NBZ SFTVMU JO
TFSJPVT QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ
. 8PSL BSPVOE BOE PO UIF QSFUFOTJPOFST
TIPVME CF EPOF CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
*OTUBMMBUJPO PG FMFDUSJDBM FRVJQNFOU
TIPVME BMTP CF EPOF CZ BO */'*/*5*
SFUBJMFS 6OBVUIPSJ[FE FMFDUSJDBM UFTU
FRVJQNFOU BOE QSPCJOH EFWJDFT TIPVME
OPU CF VTFE PO UIF QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFN
background
. *G ZPV OFFE UP EJTQPTF PG UIF QSFUFO
TJPOFS PS TDSBQ UIF WFIJDMF DPOUBDU BO
*/'*/*5* SFUBJMFS $PSSFDU QSFUFOTJPOFS
EJTQPTBM QSPDFEVSFT BSF TFU GPSUI JO UIF
BQQSPQSJBUF */'*/*5* 4FSWJDF .BOVBM
*ODPSSFDU EJTQPTBM QSPDFEVSFT DPVME
DBVTF QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ
5IF QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFN NBZ BDUJWBUF XJUI
UIF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH TZTUFN JO DFSUBJO
UZQFT PG DPMMJTJPOT 8PSLJOH XJUI UIF TFBU
CFMU SFUSBDUPS JU IFMQT UJHIUFO UIF TFBU CFMU
XIFO UIF WFIJDMF CFDPNFT JOWPMWFE JO
DFSUBJO UZQFT PG DPMMJTJPOT IFMQJOH UP
SFTUSBJO GSPOU TFBU PDDVQBOUT
5IF QSFUFOTJPOFS JT FODBTFE XJUI UIF TFBU
CFMU SFUSBDUPS 5IFTF TFBU CFMUT BSF VTFE UIF
TBNF XBZ BT DPOWFOUJPOBM TFBU CFMUT
8IFO B QSFUFOTJPOFS TFBU CFMU BDUJWBUFT
TNPLF JT SFMFBTFE BOE B MPVE OPJTF NBZ CF
IFBSE 5IF TNPLF JT OPU IBSNGVM BOE JU
EPFT OPU JOEJDBUF B GJSF $BSF TIPVME CF
UBLFO OPU UP JOIBMF JU BT JU NBZ DBVTF
JSSJUBUJPO BOE DIPLJOH 5IPTF XJUI B IJTUPSZ
PG B CSFBUIJOH DPOEJUJPO TIPVME HFU GSFTI
BJS QSPNQUMZ
"GUFS QSFUFOTJPOFS BDUJWBUJPO MPBE MJNJUFST
BMMPX UIF TFBU CFMU UP SFMFBTF XFCCJOH JG
OFDFTTBSZ UP SFEVDF GPSDFT BHBJOTU UIF
DIFTU
5IF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU
JT VTFE UP JOEJDBUF NBMGVODUJPOT JO UIF
QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFN 4FF g4VQQMFNFOUBM
BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIUu 1 GPS NPSF
EFUBJMT *G UIF PQFSBUJPO PG UIF TVQQMF
NFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU JOEJDBUFT
UIFSF JT B NBMGVODUJPO IBWF UIF TZTUFN
DIFDLFE CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
8IFO TFMMJOH ZPVS WFIJDMF XF SFRVFTU UIBU
ZPV JOGPSN UIF CVZFS BCPVU UIF TFBU CFMU
QSFUFOTJPOFST BOE HVJEF UIF CVZFS UP UIF
BQQSPQSJBUF TFDUJPOT JO UIJT 0XOFST .BO
VBM
444
4611-&.&/5"- "*3 #"( 8"3/*/(
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8BSOJOH MBCFMT BCPVU UIF TVQQMFNFOUBM
GSPOUJNQBDU BJS CBH TZTUFNT BSF QMBDFE JO
UIF WFIJDMF BT TIPXO JO UIF JMMVTUSBUJPO
434 BJS CBH
5IF XBSOJOH MBCFMT
*
BSF MPDBUFE PO UIF
TVSGBDF PG UIF TVO WJTPST
4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
background
 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
41"
4611-&.&/5"- "*3 #"( 8"3/*/(
-*()5
5IF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU
EJTQMBZJOH
JO UIF JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM
NPOJUPST UIF DJSDVJUT GPS UIF BJS CBH
TZTUFNT QSFUFOTJPOFST BOE BMM SFMBUFE
XJSJOH
8IFO UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF 0/
QPTJUJPO UIF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH
MJHIU JMMVNJOBUFT GPS BCPVU TFDPOET BOE
UIFO UVSOT PGG 5IJT NFBOT UIF 434 BJS CBH
TZTUFNT BSF PQFSBUJPOBM
*G BOZ PG UIF GPMMPXJOH DPOEJUJPOT PDDVS UIF
BJS CBH BOEPS QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFNT OFFE
TFSWJDJOH
. 5IF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU
SFNBJOT PO BGUFS BQQSPYJNBUFMZ TFD
POET
. 5IF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU
GMBTIFT JOUFSNJUUFOUMZ
. 5IF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU
EPFT OPU DPNF PO BU BMM
6OEFS UIFTF DPOEJUJPOT UIF BJS CBH PS
QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFNT NBZ OPU PQFSBUF
QSPQFSMZ 5IFZ NVTU CF DIFDLFE BOE
SFQBJSFE 5BLF ZPVS WFIJDMF UP UIF OFBSFTU
*/'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
8"3/*/(
*G UIF TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU JT
PO JU DPVME NFBO UIBU UIF GSPOU BJS CBH TJEF
BJS CBH DVSUBJO BJS CBH BOEPS QSFUFOTJPOFS
TZTUFNT XJMM OPU PQFSBUF JO BO BDDJEFOU 5P
IFMQ BWPJE JOKVSZ UP ZPVSTFMG PS PUIFST IBWF
ZPVS WFIJDMF DIFDLFE CZ B SFUBJMFS BT TPPO BT
QPTTJCMF
3&1"*3 "/% 3&1-"$&.&/5 130$&
%63&
5IF GSPOU BJS CBHT TJEF BJS CBHT DVSUBJO BJS
CBHT BOE QSFUFOTJPOFST BSF EFTJHOFE UP
BDUJWBUF PO B POFUJNFPOMZ CBTJT "T B
SFNJOEFS VOMFTT JU JT EBNBHFE UIF TVQ
QMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU XJMM SFNBJO
JMMVNJOBUFE BGUFS JOGMBUJPO IBT PDDVSSFE
3FQBJS BOE SFQMBDFNFOU PG UIFTF TZTUFNT
TIPVME CF EPOF POMZ CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
8IFO NBJOUFOBODF XPSL JT SFRVJSFE PO UIF
WFIJDMF UIF GSPOU BJS CBHT TJEF BJS CBHT
DVSUBJO BJS CBHT QSFUFOTJPOFST BOE SFMBUFE
QBSUT TIPVME CF QPJOUFE PVU UP UIF QFSTPO
DPOEVDUJOH UIF NBJOUFOBODF 5IF JHOJUJPO
TXJUDI TIPVME BMXBZT CF JO UIF -0$,
QPTJUJPO XIFO XPSLJOH VOEFS UIF IPPE PS
JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
8"3/*/(
. 0ODF B GSPOU BJS CBH TJEF BJS CBH PS
DVSUBJO BJS CBH IBT JOGMBUFE UIF BJS CBH
NPEVMF XJMM OPU GVODUJPO BHBJO BOE NVTU
CF SFQMBDFE "EEJUJPOBMMZ UIF BDUJWBUFE
QSFUFOTJPOFS NVTU BMTP CF SFQMBDFE 5IF
BJS CBH NPEVMF BOE QSFUFOTJPOFS TIPVME
CF SFQMBDFE CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS 5IF
background
BJS CBH NPEVMF BOE QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFN
DBOOPU CF SFQBJSFE
. 5IF GSPOU BJS CBH TJEF BJS CBH DVSUBJO BJS
CBH BOE UIF QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFN TIPVME
CF JOTQFDUFE CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS JG
UIFSF JT BOZ EBNBHF UP UIF GSPOU FOE PS
TJEF QPSUJPO PG UIF WFIJDMF
. *G ZPV OFFE UP EJTQPTF PG UIF TVQQMF
NFOUBM BJS CBH PS QSFUFOTJPOFS PS TDSBQ
UIF WFIJDMF DPOUBDU BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
$PSSFDU TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH BOE TFBU
CFMU QSFUFOTJPOFS TZTUFN EJTQPTBM QSP
DFEVSFT BSF TFU GPSUI JO UIF BQQSPQSJBUF
*/'*/*5* 4FSWJDF .BOVBM *ODPSSFDU EJT
QPTBM QSPDFEVSFT DPVME DBVTF QFSTPOBM
JOKVSZ
4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
background
 4BGFUZ 4FBUT TFBU CFMUT BOE TVQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN
.&.0
background
*OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT
$PDLQJU 
*OTUSVNFOU QBOFM 
.FUFST BOE HBVHFT 
4QFFEPNFUFS BOE PEPNFUFS  
5BDIPNFUFS  
&OHJOF DPPMBOU UFNQFSBUVSF HBVHF  
'VFM HBVHF  
$PNQBTT JG TP FRVJQQFE 
;POF WBSJBUJPO DIBOHF QSPDFEVSF  
8BSOJOHJOEJDBUPS MJHIUT BOE
BVEJCMF SFNJOEFST  
$IFDLJOH CVMCT  
8BSOJOH MJHIUT 
*OEJDBUPS MJHIUT 
"VEJCMF SFNJOEFST 
7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ  
*OEJDBUPST GPS PQFSBUJPO 
*OEJDBUPST GPS NBJOUFOBODF 
5SJQ DPNQVUFS 
$MPDL BOE PVUTJEF BJS UFNQFSBUVSF 
4FDVSJUZ TZTUFNT  
7FIJDMF 4FDVSJUZ 4ZTUFN  
*/'*/*5* 7FIJDMF *NNPCJMJ[FS 4ZTUFN  
8JOETIJFME XJQFS BOE XBTIFS TXJUDI  
3BJOTFOTJOH BVUP XJQFS TZTUFN JG
TP FRVJQQFE  
3FBS XJOEPX BOE PVUTJEF NJSSPS
EFGSPTUFS TXJUDI 
)FBEMJHIU BOE UVSO TJHOBM TXJUDI 
)FBEMJHIU TXJUDI 
5VSO TJHOBM TXJUDI  
'PH MJHIU TXJUDI 
)PSO  
7FIJDMF %ZOBNJD $POUSPM 7%$ 0'' TXJUDI 
1PXFS PVUMFU  
"TIUSBZ JG TP FRVJQQFE 
3FBS  
4UPSBHF 
$VQ IPMEFST 
4PGU CPUUMF IPMEFS  
4VOHMBTTFT IPMEFS 
(MPWF CPY 
$POTPMF CPY  
$BSE IPMEFS  
4UPSBHF CPY 
$PBU IPPLT 
5SVOL IPPLT  
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8JOEPXT  
1PXFS XJOEPXT 
.PPOSPPG JG TP FRVJQQFE  
1PXFS NPPOSPPG 
*OUFSJPS MJHIUT  
.BQ MJHIUT  
$POTPMF MJHIU JG TP FRVJQQFE  
1FSTPOBM MJHIUT 
*OUFSJPS MJHIU DPOUSPM TXJUDI  
7BOJUZ NJSSPS MJHIUT 
5SVOL MJHIU 
$PVSUFTZ MJHIU 
)PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJWFSTBM 5SBOTDFJWFS JG
TP FRVJQQFE  
1SPHSBNNJOH )PNF-JOL
Ë
 
1SPHSBNNJOH )PNF-JOL
Ë
GPS $BOBEJBO
DVTUPNFST BOE HBUF PQFOFST 
0QFSBUJOH UIF )PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJWFSTBM 5SBOTDFJWFS 
1SPHSBNNJOH USPVCMFTIPPUJOH  
$MFBSJOH UIF QSPHSBNNFE JOGPSNBUJPO  
3FQSPHSBNNJOH B TJOHMF
)PNF-JOL
Ë
CVUUPO 
*G ZPVS WFIJDMF JT TUPMFO  
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5IFSF JT B TNBMM SFTFSWF PG GVFM SFNBJOJOH
JO UIF UBOL XIFO UIF GVFM HBVHF SFBDIFT
UIF FNQUZ  QPTJUJPO
 -PX XBTIFS GMVJE XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF XBTIFS
UBOL GMVJE JT BU B MPX MFWFM "EE XBTIFS GMVJE
BT OFDFTTBSZ 4FF g8JOEPX XBTIFS GMVJEu
1
 %PPSUSVOL PQFO XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST JG BOZ PG UIF EPPST
BOEPS UIF USVOL MJE BSF PQFO PS OPU DMPTFE
TFDVSFMZ 5IF WFIJDMF JDPO JOEJDBUFT XIJDI
EPPS PS UIF USVOL MJE JT PQFO PO UIF EJTQMBZ
 *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST JG UIFSF JT B NBMGVOD
UJPO JO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN
*G UIJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIJMF UIF FOHJOF JT
TUPQQFE UIF FOHJOF DBOOPU CF TUBSUFE *G
UIJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIJMF UIF FOHJOF JT
SVOOJOH UIF WFIJDMF DBO CF ESJWFO )PX
FWFS DPOUBDU BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS GPS SFQBJS
BT TPPO BT QPTTJCMF
 -PPTF 'VFM $BQ XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF GVFMGJMMFS
DBQ JT OPU UJHIUFOFE DPSSFDUMZ BGUFS UIF
WFIJDMF IBT CFFO SFGVFMFE 4FF g'VFMGJMMFS
DBQu 1
 5JSF 1SFTTVSF -PX "EE "JS
XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF MPX UJSF
QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH MJHIU JO UIF NFUFS JMMVNJ
OBUFT BOE MPX UJSF QSFTTVSF JT EFUFDUFE 5IF
XBSOJOH BQQFBST FBDI UJNF UIF JHOJUJPO
TXJUDI JT QMBDFE JO UIF 0/ QPTJUJPO BT MPOH
BT UIF MPX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH MJHIU
SFNBJOT JMMVNJOBUFE *G UIJT XBSOJOH BQ
QFBST TUPQ UIF WFIJDMF BOE BEKVTU UIF
QSFTTVSF UP UIF SFDPNNFOEFE $0-% UJSF
QSFTTVSF TIPXO PO UIF 5JSF BOE -PBEJOH
*OGPSNBUJPO MBCFM 4FF g-PX UJSF QSFTTVSF
XBSOJOH MJHIUu 1 BOE g5JSF 1SFTTVSF
.POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4u 1
 'MBU 5JSF 7JTJU EFBMFS XBSOJOH JG
TP FRVJQQFE
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF MPX UJSF
QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH MJHIU JO UIF NFUFS JMMVNJ
OBUFT BOE POF PS NPSF GMBU UJSFT BSF
EFUFDUFE XIJMF ESJWJOH " DIJNF BMTP
TPVOET GPS BQQSPYJNBUFMZ  TFDPOET
4FF g-PX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH MJHIUu
1 BOE g5JSF 1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH
4ZTUFN 51.4u 1
 -PX PJM QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST JG MPX FOHJOF PJM
QSFTTVSF JT EFUFDUFE *G UIF XBSOJOH
BQQFBST EVSJOH OPSNBM ESJWJOH QVMM PGG
UIF SPBE JO B TBGF BSFB TUPQ UIF FOHJOF
JNNFEJBUFMZ BOE DBMM BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS PS
PUIFS BVUIPSJ[FE SFQBJS TIPQ
5IF MPX PJM QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH JT OPU
EFTJHOFE UP JOEJDBUF B MPX PJM MFWFM 6TF
UIF EJQTUJDL UP DIFDL UIF PJM MFWFM 4FF
g&OHJOF PJMu 1
 "MM8IFFM %SJWF "8% XBSOJOH
JG TP FRVJQQFE
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
"MM8IFFM %SJWF "8% TZTUFN JT OPU
GVODUJPOJOH QSPQFSMZ XIJMF UIF FOHJOF JT
SVOOJOH 4FF g*OUFMMJHFOU "MM8IFFM %SJWF
"8%u 1
 &YUFOEFE TUPSBHF GVTF XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH NBZ BQQFBS JG UIF FYUFOEFE
TUPSBHF GVTF TXJUDI JT OPU QVTIFE JO
TXJUDIFE PO 8IFO UIJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST
QVTI JO TXJUDI PO UIF FYUFOEFE TUPSBHF
GVTF TXJUDI UP UVSO PGG UIF XBSOJOH 'PS
NPSF JOGPSNBUJPO TFF g&YUFOEFE TUPSBHF
GVTF TXJUDIu 1
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 *OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT
 )FBEMJHIU XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST JG UIF -&% IFBEMJHIUT
BSF NBMGVODUJPOJOH )BWF UIF TZTUFN
DIFDLFE CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
 "EBQUJWF 'SPOU MJHIUJOH 4ZTUFN
"'4 XBSOJOH JG TP FRVJQQFE
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF "EBQUJWF
'SPOU MJHIUJOH 4ZTUFN "'4 JT OPU GVODUJPO
JOH QSPQFSMZ )BWF UIF TZTUFN DIFDLFE CZ
BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
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"'4u 1
 1PXFS XJMM UVSO PGG UP TBWF UIF
CBUUFSZ XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST BGUFS B QFSJPE PG UJNF
JG UIF TIJGU MFWFS IBT OPU NPWFE GSPN UIF
g1u 1BSL QPTJUJPO XJUI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI
JO UIF "$$ PS 0/ QPTJUJPO
 1PXFS UVSOFE PGG UP TBWF UIF
CBUUFSZ XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST BGUFS UIF JHOJUJPO
TXJUDI JT BVUPNBUJDBMMZ UVSOFE 0'' UP TBWF
UIF CBUUFSZ
 -JHIU SFNJOEFS XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST XIFO UIF ESJWFS TJEF
EPPS JT PQFOFE XJUI UIF IFBEMJHIU TXJUDI JT
MFGU 0/ BOE UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT QMBDFE JO
UIF "$$ 0'' PS -0$, QPTJUJPO 1MBDF UIF
IFBEMJHIU TXJUDI UP g0''u PS g"650u
QPTJUJPO 'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO TFF
g)FBEMJHIU BOE UVSO TJHOBM TXJUDIu 1
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5IJT JOEJDBUPS BQQFBST XIFO UIF TFU
g5*.&3u JOEJDBUPS BDUJWBUFT :PV DBO TFU
UIF UJNF GPS VQ UP IPVST 4FF UIF *OGJOJUJ
*O5PVDI 0XOFST .BOVBM
 -PX PVUTJEF UFNQFSBUVSF XBSO
JOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST JG UIF PVUTJEF UFN
QFSBUVSF JT CFMPX 8'8$ 5IF XBSOJOH
DBO CF TFU OPU UP CF EJTQMBZFE 4FF UIF
*OGJOJUJ *O5PVDI 0XOFST .BOVBM
 $IBTTJT DPOUSPM XBSOJOH
5IJT XBSOJOH BQQFBST JG "DUJWF -BOF $POUSPM
JG TP FRVJQQFE UIF BDUJWF USBDF DPOUSPM
TZTUFN BOEPS DIBTTJT DPOUSPM BSF OPU
GVODUJPOJOH QSPQFSMZ )BWF UIF TZTUFN
DIFDLFE CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS 4FF g"DUJWF
-BOF $POUSPMu 1 g"DUJWF USBDF DPO
USPMu 1 BOE g$IBTTJT DPOUSPMu 1

 $SVJTF JOEJDBUPS
.PEFMT XJUIPVU *OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM
*$$ TZTUFN
5IJT JOEJDBUPS TIPXT UIF DSVJTF DPOUSPM
TZTUFN TUBUVT 5IF TUBUVT JT TIPXO CZ UIF
DPMPS
4FF g$SVJTF DPOUSPMu 1 GPS EFUBJMT
.PEFMT XJUI *OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM
*$$ TZTUFN
5IJT JOEJDBUPS TIPXT UIF DPOWFOUJPOBM
GJYFE TQFFE DSVJTF DPOUSPM NPEF TUBUVT
5IF TUBUVT JT TIPXO CZ UIF DPMPS
4FF g$POWFOUJPOBM GJYFE TQFFE DSVJTF
DPOUSPM NPEFu 1 GPS EFUBJMT
 *OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$
TZTUFN 0/ JOEJDBUPS JG TP
FRVJQQFE
5IJT JOEJDBUPS TIPXT UIF *OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF
$POUSPM *$$ TZTUFN TUBUVT 5IF TUBUVT JT
TIPXO CZ UIF DPMPS 4FF g*OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF
$POUSPM *$$ TZTUFNu 1
background
 %SJWFS BTTJTU TZTUFN JOEJDBUPS
JG TP FRVJQQFE
5IJT JOEJDBUPS TIPXT UIF TUBUVT PG UIF
GPMMPXJOH TZTUFNT
. -BOF %FQBSUVSF 8BSOJOH -%8
. -BOF %FQBSUVSF 1SFWFOUJPO -%1
. #MJOE 4QPU 8BSOJOH #48
. #MJOE 4QPU *OUFSWFOUJPO
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. 'PSXBSE FNFSHFODZ CSBLJOH
. 1SFEJDUJWF GPSXBSE DPMMJTJPO XBSOJOH
'PS NPSF EFUBJMT TFF g-BOF %FQBSUVSF
8BSOJOH -%8 TZTUFN-BOF %FQBSUVSF
1SFWFOUJPO -%1 TZTUFNu 1 g#MJOE
4QPU 8BSOJOH #48 TZTUFN#MJOE 4QPU
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#4* TZTUFNu 1 g%JT
UBODF $POUSPM "TTJTU %$" TZTUFNu 1
 g'PSXBSE FNFSHFODZ CSBLJOH TZTUFNu
1 BOE g1SFEJDUJWF GPSXBSE DPMMJTJPO
XBSOJOH TZTUFNu 1
5IF GJHVSF BOE DPMPS PG UIJT JOEJDBUPS XJMM
DIBOHF EFQFOEJOH PO UIF DPOEJUJPOT PG UIF
BCPWF TZTUFNT *O FBDI TFDUJPO UIF OBNF
PG UIJT JOEJDBUPS JT SFGFSSFE UP BT gESJWFS
BTTJTU TZTUFN MBOF JOEJDBUPSu gESJWFS
BTTJTU TZTUFN CMJOE TQPU JOEJDBUPSu PS
gESJWFS BTTJTU TZTUFN GPSXBSE JOEJDBUPSu
EFQFOEJOH PO UIF TZTUFNT
 */'*/*5* %SJWF .PEF 4FMFDUPS
JOEJDBUPS
8IFO B ESJWJOH NPEF JT TFMFDUFE VTJOH UIF
*/'*/*5* %SJWF .PEF 4FMFDUPS UIF TFMFDUFE
NPEF JOEJDBUPS JT EJTQMBZFE
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4FF g*/'*/*5* %SJWF .PEF 4FMFDUPSu 1
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5IJT JOEJDBUPS TIPXT UIF BVUPNBUJD TIJGU
QPTJUJPO
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USBOTNJTTJPO EPFT OPU TIJGU UP UIF TFMFDUFE
HFBS EVF UP B USBOTNJTTJPO QSPUFDUJPO
NPEF UIF "5 QPTJUJPO JOEJDBUPS XJMM CMJOL
BOE B DIJNF XJMM TPVOE
4FF g"VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPOu 1 GPS
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'PS TFUUJOH UIF JOEJDBUPST GPS NBJOUFOBODF
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*OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT 
background
 *OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT
 &OHJOF PJM BOE GJMUFS SFQMBDFNFOU
JOEJDBUPS
5IJT JOEJDBUPS BQQFBST XIFO UIF DVTUPNFS
TFU UJNF DPNFT GPS DIBOHJOH UIF FOHJOF PJM
BOE GJMUFS :PV DBO TFU PS SFTFU UIF EJTUBODF
GPS DIBOHJOH UIF FOHJOF PJM BOE GJMUFS
 5JSF SFQMBDFNFOU JOEJDBUPS
5IJT JOEJDBUPS BQQFBST XIFO UIF DVTUPNFS
TFU EJTUBODF DPNFT GPS SFQMBDJOH UJSFT :PV
DBO TFU PS SFTFU UIF EJTUBODF GPS SFQMBDJOH
UJSFT
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TVCTUJUVUF GPS SFHVMBS UJSF DIFDLT JODMVEJOH
UJSF QSFTTVSF DIFDLT 4FF g$IBOHJOH XIFFMT
BOE UJSFTu 1 .BOZ GBDUPST JODMVEJOH
UJSF JOGMBUJPO BMJHONFOU ESJWJOH IBCJUT BOE
SPBE DPOEJUJPOT BGGFDU UJSF XFBS BOE XIFO
UJSFT TIPVME CF SFQMBDFE 4FUUJOH UIF UJSF
SFQMBDFNFOU JOEJDBUPS GPS B DFSUBJO ESJWJOH
EJTUBODF EPFT OPU NFBO ZPVS UJSFT XJMM MBTU
UIBU MPOH 6TF UIF UJSF SFQMBDFNFOU JOEJDBUPS
BT B HVJEF POMZ BOE BMXBZT QFSGPSN SFHVMBS
UJSF DIFDLT 'BJMVSF UP QFSGPSN SFHVMBS UJSF
DIFDLT JODMVEJOH UJSF QSFTTVSF DIFDLT DPVME
SFTVMU JO UJSF GBJMVSF 4FSJPVT WFIJDMF EBNBHF
DPVME PDDVS BOE NBZ MFBE UP B DPMMJTJPO
XIJDI DPVME SFTVMU JO TFSJPVT QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ
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5IJT JOEJDBUPS BQQFBST XIFO UIF DVTUPNFS
TFU UJNF DPNFT GPS SFQMBDJOH JUFNT PUIFS
UIBO UIF FOHJOF PJM PJM GJMUFS BOE UJSFT :PV
DBO TFU PS SFTFU UIF EJTUBODF GPS SFQMBDJOH
UIF JUFNT
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+7*.
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 *OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT
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4XJUDIFT GPS UIF USJQ DPNQVUFS BSF MPDBUFE
PO UIF SJHIU TJEF PG UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM 5P
PQFSBUF UIF USJQ DPNQVUFS QVTI UIF
TXJUDIFT BT TIPXO BCPWF
&BDI UJNF UIF
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UIF EJTQMBZ XJMM DIBOHF
5IF EJTQMBZ JUFNT GPS USJQ DPNQVUFS BSF
DIBOHFE PO UIF MPXFS EJTQMBZ 'PS EFUBJMT
TFF UIF *OGJOJUJ *O5PVDI 0XOFST .BOVBM
 $VSSFOU GVFM DPOTVNQUJPO BOE
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MJUFS LN PS LNM
$VSSFOU GVFM DPOTVNQUJPO
5IF DVSSFOU GVFM DPOTVNQUJPO NPEF TIPXT
UIF DVSSFOU GVFM DPOTVNQUJPO
"WFSBHF GVFM DPOTVNQUJPO
5IF BWFSBHF GVFM DPOTVNQUJPO NPEF TIPXT
UIF BWFSBHF GVFM DPOTVNQUJPO TJODF UIF
MBTU SFTFU 3FTFUUJOH JT EPOF CZ QVTIJOH UIF
PS TXJUDI GPS MPOHFS UIBO TFDPOE
5IF BWFSBHF GVFM DPOTVNQUJPO JT BMTP SFTFU
PO UIF MPXFS EJTQMBZ 4FF UIF *OGJOJUJ
*O5PVDI 0XOFST .BOVBM
5IF EJTQMBZ JT VQEBUFE FWFSZ  TFDPOET
"U BCPVU UIF GJSTU  NJMF  N BGUFS B
SFTFU UIF EJTQMBZ TIPXT gu
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3FTFUUJOH JT EPOF CZ QVTIJOH UIF
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5IF EJTQMBZ JT VQEBUFE FWFSZ  TFDPOET
5IF GJSTU  TFDPOET BGUFS B SFTFU UIF
EJTQMBZ TIPXT gu
 &MBQTFE UJNF BOE USJQ PEPNFUFS
NJMF PS LN
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TJODF UIF MBTU SFTFU 3FTFUUJOH JT EPOF CZ
QVTIJOH UIF
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UIBO TFDPOE 5IF USJQ PEPNFUFS JT BMTP
SFTFU BU UIF TBNF UJNF
5SJQ PEPNFUFS
5IF USJQ PEPNFUFS NPEF TIPXT UIF UPUBM
EJTUBODF UIF WFIJDMF IBT CFFO ESJWFO TJODF
UIF MBTU SFTFU 3FTFUUJOH JT EPOF CZ QVTIJOH
UIF
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TFDPOE 5IF FMBQTFE UJNF JT BMTP SFTFU BU
UIF TBNF UJNF
 %JTUBODF UP FNQUZ EUF NJMF PS
LN
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ZPV XJUI BO FTUJNBUJPO PG UIF EJTUBODF UIBU
DBO CF ESJWFO CFGPSF SFGVFMJOH 5IF EUF JT
DPOTUBOUMZ CFJOH DBMDVMBUFE CBTFE PO UIF
BNPVOU PG GVFM JO UIF GVFM UBOL BOE UIF
BDUVBM GVFM DPOTVNQUJPO
5IF EJTQMBZ JT VQEBUFE FWFSZ  TFDPOET
5IF EUF NPEF JODMVEFT B MPX SBOHF XBSOJOH
GFBUVSF *G UIF GVFM MFWFM JT MPX UIF XBSOJOH
JT EJTQMBZFE PO UIF TDSFFO
background
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CVUUPO QSPDFFE XJUI g1SP
HSBNNJOH )PNF-JOL
Ë
u 4UFQ 
'PS RVFTUJPOT PS DPNNFOUT DPOUBDU
)PNF-JOL
Ë
BU XXXIPNFMJOLDPN PS 

5IF )PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJWFSTBM 5SBOTDFJWFS CVU
UPO IBT OPX CFFO SFQSPHSBNNFE 5IF OFX
EFWJDF DBO CF BDUJWBUFE CZ QVTIJOH UIF
)PNF-JOL
Ë
CVUUPO UIBU XBT KVTU QSP
HSBNNFE 5IJT QSPDFEVSF XJMM OPU BGGFDU
BOZ PUIFS QSPHSBNNFE )PNF-JOL
Ë
CVU
UPOT
*' :063 7&)*$-& *4 450-&/
*G ZPVS WFIJDMF JT TUPMFO ZPV TIPVME DIBOHF
UIF DPEFT PG BOZ OPOSPMMJOH DPEF EFWJDF
UIBU IBT CFFO QSPHSBNNFE JOUP
)PNF-JOL
Ë
$POTVMU UIF 0XOFST .BOVBM
PG FBDI EFWJDF PS DBMM UIF NBOVGBDUVSFS PS
SFUBJMFS PG UIPTF EFWJDFT GPS BEEJUJPOBM
JOGPSNBUJPO
8IFO ZPVS WFIJDMF JT SFDPWFSFE ZPV XJMM
OFFE UP SFQSPHSBN UIF )PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJ
WFSTBM 5SBOTDFJWFS XJUI ZPVS OFX USBOTNJU
UFS JOGPSNBUJPO
background
'$$ /PUJDF
'PS 64"
5IJT EFWJDF DPNQMJFT XJUI 1BSU  PG UIF
'$$ 3VMFT 0QFSBUJPO JT TVCKFDU UP UIF
GPMMPXJOH UXP DPOEJUJPOT  5IJT EFWJDF
NBZ OPU DBVTF IBSNGVM JOUFSGFSFODF BOE
 UIJT EFWJDF NVTU BDDFQU BOZ JOUFSGFS
FODF SFDFJWFE JODMVEJOH JOUFSGFSFODF UIBU
NBZ DBVTF VOEFTJSFE PQFSBUJPO
/05&
$IBOHFT PS NPEJGJDBUJPOT OPU FYQSFTTMZ
BQQSPWFE CZ UIF QBSUZ SFTQPOTJCMF GPS
DPNQMJBODF DPVME WPJE UIF VTFST BVUIPSJUZ
UP PQFSBUF UIF FRVJQNFOU
'PS $BOBEB
5IJT EFWJDF DPNQMJFT XJUI *OEVTUSZ $BOBEB
MJDFODFFYFNQU 344 TUBOEBSET 0QFSB
UJPO JT TVCKFDU UP UIF GPMMPXJOH UXP
DPOEJUJPOT  UIJT EFWJDF NBZ OPU DBVTF
JOUFSGFSFODF BOE  UIJT EFWJDF NVTU
BDDFQU BOZ JOUFSGFSFODF JODMVEJOH JOUFS
GFSFODF UIBU NBZ DBVTF VOEFTJSFE PQFSB
UJPO PG UIF EFWJDF
*OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT 
background
 *OTUSVNFOUT BOE DPOUSPMT
.&.0
background
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
,FZT 
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ 
7BMFU IBOEPGG  
%PPST 
-PDLJOH XJUI NFDIBOJDBM LFZ 
0QFOJOH BOE DMPTJOH XJOEPXT XJUI
NFDIBOJDBM LFZ  
-PDLJOH XJUI JOTJEF MPDL LOPC  
-PDLJOH XJUI QPXFS EPPS MPDL TXJUDI  
"VUPNBUJD EPPS MPDLT  
$IJME TBGFUZ SFBS EPPS MPDL  
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN  
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ PQFSBUJOH SBOHF  
%PPS MPDLTVOMPDLT QSFDBVUJPO  
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ PQFSBUJPO  
#BUUFSZ TBWFS TZTUFN 
8BSOJOH TJHOBMT  
5SPVCMFTIPPUJOH HVJEF  
-PHJO GVODUJPO 
3FNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ TZTUFN  
)PX UP VTF SFNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ TZTUFN 
)PPE 
5SVOL MJE  
5SVOL MJE SFMFBTF TXJUDI 
5SVOL PQFO SFRVFTU TXJUDI 
536/, CVUUPO 
5SVOL SFMFBTF QPXFS DBODFM TXJUDI 
*OUFSJPS USVOL MJE SFMFBTF 
'VFMGJMMFS EPPS  
0QFOJOH UIF GVFMGJMMFS EPPS 
'VFMGJMMFS DBQ  
5JMUUFMFTDPQJD TUFFSJOH  
.BOVBM PQFSBUJPO JG TP FRVJQQFE 
&MFDUSJD PQFSBUJPO JG TP FRVJQQFE  
4VO WJTPST  
.JSSPST  
*OTJEF NJSSPS  
0VUTJEF NJSSPST  
7BOJUZ NJSSPS  
"VUPNBUJD ESJWF QPTJUJPOFS JG TP FRVJQQFE 
&OUSZFYJU GVODUJPO 
.FNPSZ TUPSBHF  
4ZTUFN PQFSBUJPO  
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
" LFZ OVNCFS QMBUF JT TVQQMJFE XJUI ZPVS
LFZT 3FDPSE UIF LFZ OVNCFS BOE LFFQ JU JO
B TBGF QMBDF TVDI BT ZPVS XBMMFU OPU JO
UIF WFIJDMF *G ZPV MPTF ZPVS LFZT TFF BO
*/'*/*5* SFUBJMFS GPS EVQMJDBUFT CZ VTJOH UIF
LFZ OVNCFS */'*/*5* EPFT OPU SFDPSE BOZ
LFZ OVNCFST TP JU JT WFSZ JNQPSUBOU UP LFFQ
USBDL PG ZPVS LFZ OVNCFS QMBUF
" LFZ OVNCFS JT POMZ OFDFTTBSZ XIFO ZPV
IBWF MPTU BMM LFZT BOE EP OPU IBWF POF UP
EVQMJDBUF GSPN *G ZPV TUJMM IBWF B LFZ UIJT
LFZ DBO CF EVQMJDBUFE CZ BO */'*/*5*
SFUBJMFS
41"
 *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZT 
 .FDIBOJDBM LFZT JOTJEF UIF ,FZT 
 ,FZ OVNCFS QMBUF 
*/5&--*(&/5 ,&:
:PVS WFIJDMF DBO POMZ CF ESJWFO XJUI UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZT XIJDI BSF SFHJTUFSFE UP
ZPVS WFIJDMFT *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN DPN
QPOFOUT BOE */'*/*5* 7FIJDMF *NNPCJMJ[FS
4ZTUFN DPNQPOFOUT "T NBOZ BT *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZT DBO CF SFHJTUFSFE BOE VTFE XJUI
POF WFIJDMF 5IF OFX LFZT NVTU CF
SFHJTUFSFE CZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS QSJPS UP
VTF XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN BOE
*/'*/*5* 7FIJDMF *NNPCJMJ[FS 4ZTUFN PG ZPVS
WFIJDMF 4JODF UIF SFHJTUSBUJPO QSPDFTT
SFRVJSFT FSBTJOH BMM NFNPSZ JO UIF *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZ DPNQPOFOUT XIFO SFHJTUFSJOH
OFX LFZT CF TVSF UP UBLF BMM *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZT UIBU ZPV IBWF UP UIF */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
*U JT QPTTJCMF UIBU UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
GVODUJPOT CFDPNF DBODFMFE $POUBDU BO
*/'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
$"65*0/
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DIBSHFE PS TUSPOH SBEJP XBWFT BSF QSFTFOU
OFBS UIF PQFSBUJOH MPDBUJPO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ TZTUFNT PQFSBUJOH SBOHF CFDPNFT
OBSSPXFS BOE UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ NBZ OPU
GVODUJPO QSPQFSMZ
5IF PQFSBUJOH SBOHF JT XJUIJO  JO 
DN GSPN FBDI POF UPVDI VOMPDL TFOTPS
EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU TXJUDI
*
BOE USVOL
PQFO SFRVFTU TXJUDI
*
*G UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT UPP DMPTF UP UIF EPPS
HMBTT IBOEMF PS SFBS CVNQFS UIF POF
UPVDI VOMPDL TFOTPS BOE SFRVFTU TXJUDIFT
NBZ OPU GVODUJPO
8IFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT XJUIJO UIF
PQFSBUJOH SBOHF JU JT QPTTJCMF GPS BOZPOF
XIP EPFT OPU DBSSZ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ UP
VTF UIF POF UPVDI VOMPDL TFOTPS PS SFRVFTU
TXJUDIFT UP MPDL PS VOMPDL UIF EPPST BOE
PQFO UIF USVOL MJE
background
41"
%003 -0$,46/-0$,4 13&$"6
5*0/
. %P OPU QVTI UIF EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU
TXJUDI XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ IFME JO
ZPVS IBOE BT JMMVTUSBUFE 5IF DMPTF
EJTUBODF UP UIF EPPS IBOEMF XJMM DBVTF
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN UP IBWF
EJGGJDVMUZ SFDPHOJ[JOH UIBU UIF *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZ JT PVUTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
. 8JUIJO TFDPOET BGUFS UIF EPPS BSF
MPDLFE VTJOH UIF EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU
TXJUDI NBLF TVSF UIBU UIF EPPST IBWF
CFFO TFDVSFMZ MPDLFE CZ PQFSBUJOH UIF
EPPS IBOEMFT *G ZPV LFFQ IPMEJOH UIF
EPPS IBOEMF GPS NPSF UIBO TFDPOET
BGUFS MPDLJOH UIF EPPST VTJOH UIF EPPS
IBOEMF SFRVFTU TXJUDI UIF EPPS XJMM CF
VOMPDLFE
. 5P QSFWFOU UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GSPN
CFJOH MFGU JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF PS UIF
USVOL NBLF TVSF ZPV DBSSZ UIF LFZ XJUI
ZPV BOE UIFO MPDL UIF EPPST PS UIF
USVOL
. 5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN PQFOJOH
DMPTJOH EPPST XJUI UIF EPPS IBOEMF
SFRVFTU TXJUDI PS POF UPVDI VOMPDL
TFOTPS DBO CF TFU UP SFNBJO JOBDUJWF
4FF UIF *OGJOJUJ *O5PVDI 0XOFST .BO
VBM
. 5IF EPPS DBOOPU CF VOMPDLFE VTJOH POF
UPVDI VOMPDL PQFSBUJPO BGUFS MPDLJOH UIF
EPPS XJUIJO TFDPOET 5P VOMPDL UIF
EPPS SFMFBTF UIF POF UPVDI VOMPDL
TFOTPS PODF BOE UPVDI JU BHBJO
. *G B MBSHF BNPVOU PG XBUFS SVOT EPXO PO
UIF EPPS IBOEMF GPS FYBNQMF XIFO
XBTIJOH UIF WFIJDMF PS JO B IFBWZ SBJO
UIF EPPS NBZ VOMPDL JG UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ JT XJUIJO UIF SBOHF PG PQFSBUJPO 5P
QSFWFOU UIF EPPS GSPN CFJOH VOMPDLFE
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TIPVME CF BXBZ GSPN
UIF WFIJDMF NPSF UIBO GU  N
. %P OPU IPME BOE QVMM UIF EPPS IBOEMF
RVJDLMZ 5IF EPPS XJMM CF VOMPDLFE CVU
XJMM OPU PQFO 3FMFBTF UIF EPPS IBOEMF
PODF BOE QVMM JU BHBJO UP PQFO UIF EPPS
. *G ZPV QVMM UIF EPPS IBOEMF XJUI ZPVS
HMPWFE IBOE UIF POF UPVDI VOMPDL
PQFSBUJPO NBZ OPU GVODUJPO
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
+719
*/5&--*(&/5 ,&: 01&3"5*0/
:PV DBO MPDL PS VOMPDL UIF EPPST XJUIPVU
UBLJOH UIF LFZ PVU GSPN ZPVS QPDLFU PS CBH
+719
8IFO ZPV DBSSZ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI
ZPV ZPV DBO MPDL BMM EPPST CZ QVTIJOH UIF
EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU TXJUDI
*
"
ESJWFST PS
GSPOU QBTTFOHFST XJUIJO UIF SBOHF PG
PQFSBUJPO
+719
:PV DBO BMTP VOMPDL UIF DPSSFTQPOEJOH
EPPS CZ UPVDIJOH UIF POF UPVDI VOMPDL
TFOTPS
*
#
ESJWFST PS GSPOU QBTTFOHFST
XJUIJO UIF SBOHF PG PQFSBUJPO BOE DBO
VOMPDL UIF PUIFS EPPST VTJOH UIF EPPS
IBOEMF SFRVFTU TXJUDI
*
"
8IFO ZPV MPDL PS VOMPDL UIF EPPST PS UIF
USVOL MJE UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS XJMM GMBTI
BOE UIF IPSO PS UIF PVUTJEF DIJNF XJMM
TPVOE BT B DPOGJSNBUJPO 'PS EFUBJMT TFF
g4FUUJOH IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE IPSO NPEFu
1
8IFO ZPV VOMPDL UIF EPPST UIF DMFBSBODF
MJHIU UBJM MJHIU BOE MJDFOTF QMBUF MJHIU XJMM
JMMVNJOBUF
background
$"65*0/
. "GUFS MPDLJOH UIF EPPST VTJOH UIF SFRVFTU
TXJUDI NBLF TVSF UIBU UIF EPPST IBWF
CFFO TFDVSFMZ MPDLFE CZ PQFSBUJOH UIF
EPPS IBOEMFT
. 8IFO MPDLJOH UIF EPPST VTJOH UIF
SFRVFTU TXJUDI NBLF TVSF UP IBWF UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JO ZPVS QPTTFTTJPO CFGPSF
PQFSBUJOH UIF SFRVFTU TXJUDI UP QSFWFOU
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GSPN CFJOH MFGU JO UIF
WFIJDMF
. 5IF SFRVFTU TXJUDI BOE POF UPVDI VOMPDL
TFOTPS BSF PQFSBUJPOBM POMZ XIFO UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ IBT CFFO EFUFDUFE CZ UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN
-PDLPVU QSPUFDUJPO
5P QSFWFOU UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GSPN CFJOH
BDDJEFOUBMMZ MPDLFE JO UIF WFIJDMF MPDLPVU
QSPUFDUJPO JT FRVJQQFE XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ TZTUFN
8IFO UIF ESJWFST TJEF EPPS JT PQFO UIF
EPPST BSF MPDLFE BOE UIFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ JT QVU JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF BOE BMM UIF
EPPST BSF DMPTFE UIF MPDL XJMM BVUPNBUJ
DBMMZ VOMPDL BOE UIF EPPS CV[[FS TPVOET
/05&
5IF EPPST NBZ OPU MPDL XIFO UIF *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZ JT JO UIF TBNF IBOE UIBU JT
PQFSBUJOH UIF SFRVFTU TXJUDI UP MPDL UIF
EPPS 1VU UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JO B QVSTF
QPDLFU PS ZPVS PUIFS IBOE
$"65*0/
5IF MPDLPVU QSPUFDUJPO NBZ OPU GVODUJPO
VOEFS UIF GPMMPXJOH DPOEJUJPOT
. 8IFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT QMBDFE PO UPQ
PG UIF JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM
. 8IFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT QMBDFE JOTJEF
UIF HMPWF CPY PS B TUPSBHF CJO
. 8IFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT QMBDFE JOTJEF
UIF EPPS QPDLFUT
. 8IFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT QMBDFE JOTJEF
PS OFBS NFUBMMJD NBUFSJBMT
+719
-PDLJOH EPPST USVOL MJE BOE GVFM
GJMMFS EPPS
 1VTI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF 0''
QPTJUJPO BOE NBLF TVSF ZPV DBSSZ UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI ZPV
 $MPTF BMM UIF EPPST
 1VTI UIF EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU TXJUDI
ESJWFST PS GSPOU QBTTFOHFST
*
"
XIJMF
DBSSZJOH UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI ZPV
 "MM UIF EPPST USVOL MJE BOE GVFMGJMMFS
EPPS XJMM MPDL
 5IF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT UXJDF BOE
UIF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET UXJDF
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
 %PPST XJMM MPDL XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
XIJMF UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF "$$
PS 0/ QPTJUJPO
 %PPST XJMM OPU MPDL XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ XIJMF BOZ EPPS JT PQFO
 %PPST XJMM OPU MPDL CZ QVTIJOH UIF
EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU TXJUDI XJUI UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
)PXFWFS XIFO BO *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT
JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF EPPST DBO CF
MPDLFE XJUI BOPUIFS SFHJTUFSFE *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZ
+719
6OMPDLJOH EPPST BOE GVFMGJMMFS EPPS
 5PVDI UIF POF UPVDI VOMPDL TFOTPS
*
#
ESJWFST PS GSPOU QBTTFOHFST XIJMF
DBSSZJOH UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI ZPV
 5IF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT PODF BOE
UIF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET PODF 5IF
DPSSFTQPOEJOH EPPS XJMM VOMPDL
 1VTI UIF EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU TXJUDI
*
"
XJUIJO NJOVUF
 5IF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT PODF BOE
UIF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET PODF BHBJO
"MM UIF EPPST USVOL MJE BOE GVFMGJMMFS
EPPS XJMM VOMPDL
"MM EPPST USVOL MJE BOE GVFMGJMMFS EPPS XJMM
CF MPDLFE BVUPNBUJDBMMZ VOMFTT POF PG UIF
GPMMPXJOH PQFSBUJPOT JT QFSGPSNFE XJUIJO
NJOVUF BGUFS QVTIJOH UIF SFRVFTU TXJUDI PS
UPVDI VOMPDL PQFSBUJPO XIJMF UIF EPPST BSF
MPDLFE
. 0QFOJOH BOZ EPPS
. 1VTIJOH UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI
%VSJOH UIJT NJOVUF UJNF QFSJPE JG UIF
6/-0$,
CVUUPO PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
JT QVTIFE BMM EPPST XJMM CF MPDLFE BVUP
NBUJDBMMZ BGUFS BOPUIFS NJOVUF
background
41"
41"
0QFOJOH USVOL MJE
 1VTI UIF USVOL PQFO SFRVFTU TXJUDI
*
"
GPS NPSF UIBO TFDPOE XIJMF DBSSZJOH
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI ZPV
 5IF USVOL XJMM VOMBUDI "O PVUTJEF
DIJNF XJMM TPVOE GPVS UJNFT
 3BJTF UIF USVOL MJE UP PQFO UIF USVOL
-PDLPVU QSPUFDUJPO
5P QSFWFOU UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GSPN CFJOH
BDDJEFOUBMMZ MPDLFE JO UIF USVOL MPDLPVU
QSPUFDUJPO JT FRVJQQFE XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ TZTUFN
8IFO UIF USVOL MJE JT DMPTFE XJUI UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JOTJEF UIF USVOL UIF PVUTJEF
DIJNF XJMM TPVOE BOE UIF USVOL XJMM PQFO
#"55&3: 4"7&3 4:45&.
8IFO BMM UIF GPMMPXJOH DPOEJUJPOT BSF NFU
GPS B QFSJPE PG UJNF UIF CBUUFSZ TBWFS
TZTUFN XJMM DVU PGG UIF QPXFS TVQQMZ UP
QSFWFOU CBUUFSZ EJTDIBSHF
. 5IF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF "$$
QPTJUJPO BOE
. "MM EPPST BSF DMPTFE BOE
. 5IF TIJGU MFWFS JT JO UIF 1 1BSL QPTJUJPO
8"3/*/( 4*(/"-4
5P IFMQ QSFWFOU UIF WFIJDMF GSPN NPWJOH
VOFYQFDUFEMZ CZ FSSPOFPVT PQFSBUJPO PG
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ MJTUFE PO UIF GPMMPXJOH
DIBSU PS UP IFMQ QSFWFOU UIF WFIJDMF GSPN
CFJOH TUPMFO DIJNF PS CFFQ TPVOET JOTJEF
BOE PVUTJEF UIF WFIJDMF BOE B XBSOJOH
EJTQMBZT JO UIF WFIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ
8IFO B DIJNF PS CFFQ TPVOET PS UIF
XBSOJOH EJTQMBZT CF TVSF UP DIFDL UIF
WFIJDMF BOE *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
4FF g5SPVCMFTIPPUJOH HVJEFu 1 BOE
g7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZu 1
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
5306#-&4)005*/( (6*%&
4ZNQUPN 1PTTJCMF DBVTF "DUJPO UP UBLF
8IFO QVTIJOH UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI
UP TUPQ UIF FOHJOF
5IF 4)*'5 1 XBSOJOH BQQFBST PO UIF EJTQMBZ
BOE UIF JOTJEF XBSOJOH DIJNF TPVOET DPO
UJOVPVTMZ
5IF TIJGU MFWFS JT OPU JO UIF 1 1BSL
QPTJUJPO
4IJGU UIF TIJGU MFWFS UP UIF 1 1BSL QPTJUJPO
8IFO TIJGUJOH UIF TIJGU MFWFS UP
UIF 1 1BSL QPTJUJPO
5IF JOTJEF XBSOJOH DIJNF TPVOET DPOUJOV
PVTMZ
5IF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF "$$ PS 0/
QPTJUJPO
1VTI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF 0'' QPTJUJPO
8IFO PQFOJOH UIF ESJWFST EPPS UP
HFU PVU PG UIF WFIJDMF
5IF JOTJEF XBSOJOH DIJNF TPVOET DPOUJOV
PVTMZ
5IF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF "$$ QPTJ
UJPO
1VTI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF 0'' QPTJUJPO
8IFO DMPTJOH UIF EPPS BGUFS HFU
UJOH PVU PG UIF WFIJDMF
5IF /0 ,&: XBSOJOH BQQFBST PO UIF EJTQMBZ
UIF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET UJNFT BOE UIF
JOTJEF XBSOJOH DIJNF TPVOET GPS B GFX
TFDPOET
5IF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF "$$ PS 0/
QPTJUJPO
1VTI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF 0'' QPTJUJPO
5IF 4)*'5 1 XBSOJOH BQQFBST PO UIF EJTQMBZ
BOE UIF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET DPOUJOVPVTMZ
5IF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF "$$ PS 0''
QPTJUJPO BOE UIF TIJGU MFWFS JT OPU JO UIF
1 1BSL QPTJUJPO
.PWF UIF TIJGU MFWFS UP UIF 1 1BSL QPTJUJPO
BOE QVTI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF 0''
QPTJUJPO
8IFO DMPTJOH UIF EPPS XJUI UIF
JOTJEF MPDL LOPC UVSOFE UP -0$,
5IF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET GPS B GFX TFDPOET
BOE BMM UIF EPPST VOMPDL
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
PS USVOL
$BSSZ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI ZPV
8IFO QVTIJOH UIF SFRVFTU TXJUDI
PS -0$, CVUUPO PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ UP MPDL UIF EPPS
5IF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET GPS B GFX TFDPOET
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT JOTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
PS USVOL
$BSSZ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI ZPV
" EPPS JT OPU DMPTFE TFDVSFMZ $MPTF UIF EPPS TFDVSFMZ
8IFO DMPTJOH UIF USVOL MJE
5IF PVUTJEF DIJNF TPVOET GPS BQQSPYJNBUFMZ
 TFDPOET BOE UIF USVOL MJE PQFOT
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT JOTJEF UIF USVOL
$BSSZ UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI ZPV
background
-0(*/ '6/$5*0/
"GUFS TFUUJOH VQ UIF VTFS JOGPSNBUJPO UIF
TZTUFN XJMM BVUPNBUJDBMMZ SFDPHOJ[F UIF
VTFS VQPO UVSOJOH PO UIF WFIJDMF
5IFSF XJMM CF B QFSTPOBMJ[FE XFMDPNF
HSFFUJOH BOE TDSFFO QSPNQU UP MPHJO
5IJT GFBUVSF BMMPXT ESJWFST UP VTF UIFJS
PXO SFHJTUSBUJPO ESJWF NPEF ESJWJOH QPTJ
UJPO BJS DPOEJUJPOFS BOE BVUP TFUUJOHT BOE
NFNPSJ[FT UIFTF DVTUPN TFUUJOHT
5IF MPHJO VTFS DBO CF DIBOHFE PO UIF
XFMDPNF HSFFUJOH TDSFFO PS UIF 6TFS -JTU
TDSFFO 'PS NPSF EFUBJMT TFF UIF *OGJOJUJ
*O5PVDI 0XOFST .BOVBM
5IF MPHJO GVODUJPO JT MJOLFE UP UIF GPMMPX
JOH JUFNT
. .FUFS
. "VEJP
. /BWJHBUJPO TZTUFN EJTQMBZ JG TP
FRVJQQFE
. /BWJHBUJPO TFUUJOHT JG TP FRVJQQFE
. "JS DPOEJUJPOFS
. "VUPNBUJD ESJWF QPTJUJPOFS JG TP
FRVJQQFE
. &OHJOFp5SBOTNJTTJPO
. 4UFFSJOH NPEFMT XJUI %JSFDU "EBQUJWF
4UFFSJOH
. "DUJWF USBDF DPOUSPM TZTUFN
. %SJWFS BTTJTUBODF JG TP FRVJQQFE
8"3/*/(
5IF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ USBOTNJUT SBEJP XBWFT
XIFO UIF CVUUPOT BSF QVTIFE 5IF '""
BEWJTFT UIBU UIF SBEJP XBWFT NBZ BGGFDU
BJSDSBGU OBWJHBUJPO BOE DPNNVOJDBUJPO TZT
UFNT %P OPU PQFSBUF UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
XIJMF PO BO BJSQMBOF .BLF TVSF UIF CVUUPOT
BSF OPU PQFSBUFE VOJOUFOUJPOBMMZ XIFO UIF
VOJU JT TUPSFE EVSJOH B GMJHIU
*U JT QPTTJCMF UP MPDLVOMPDL BMM EPPST BOE
GVFMGJMMFS EPPS PQFO UIF USVOL MJE BDUJWBUF
UIF QBOJD BMBSN BOE PQFO UIF XJOEPXT CZ
QVTIJOH UIF CVUUPOT PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
GSPN PVUTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
#FGPSF MPDLJOH UIF EPPST NBLF TVSF UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT OPU MFGU JO UIF WFIJDMF
5IF SFNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ GVODUJPO DBO
PQFSBUF BU B EJTUBODF PG BQQSPYJNBUFMZ 
GU  N GSPN UIF WFIJDMF 5IF FGGFDUJWF
EJTUBODF EFQFOET VQPO UIF DPOEJUJPOT
BSPVOE UIF WFIJDMF
"T NBOZ BT *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZT DBO CF VTFE
XJUI POF WFIJDMF 'PS JOGPSNBUJPO DPODFSO
JOH UIF QVSDIBTF BOE VTF PG BEEJUJPOBM
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZT DPOUBDU BO */'*/*5* SFUBJ
MFS
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
3&.05& ,&:-&44 &/53: 4:45&.
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
5IF CVUUPOT PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJMM OPU
PQFSBUF XIFO
. UIF EJTUBODF CFUXFFO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
BOE UIF WFIJDMF JT PWFS  GU  N
. UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ CBUUFSZ JT EJT
DIBSHFE
"GUFS MPDLJOH XJUI UIF SFNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ
GVODUJPO QVMM UIF EPPS IBOEMF UP NBLF TVSF
UIF EPPST BSF TFDVSFMZ MPDLFE
5IF -0$,6/-0$, PQFSBUJOH SBOHF WBSJFT
EFQFOEJOH PO UIF FOWJSPONFOU 5P TFDVSFMZ
PQFSBUF UIF MPDL BOE VOMPDL CVUUPOT
BQQSPBDI UIF WFIJDMF UP BCPVU GU  N
GSPN UIF EPPS
41"
 -0$, CVUUPO
 6/-0$, CVUUPO
 536/, CVUUPO
 1"/*$ CVUUPO
)08 50 64& 3&.05& ,&:-&44
&/53: 4:45&.
8IFO ZPV MPDL PS VOMPDL UIF EPPST PS UIF
USVOL MJE UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS XJMM GMBTI
BOE UIF IPSO PS UIF PVUTJEF DIJNF XJMM
TPVOE BT B DPOGJSNBUJPO 'PS EFUBJMT TFF
g4FUUJOH IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE IPSO NPEFu
1
-PDLJOH EPPST USVOL MJE BOE GVFM
GJMMFS EPPS
 1VTI UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI UP UIF 0''
QPTJUJPO BOE NBLF TVSF ZPV DBSSZ UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI ZPV
 $MPTF BMM UIF EPPST
 1VTI UIF -0$,
CVUUPO
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PO UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
 "MM UIF EPPST USVOL MJE BOE GVFMGJMMFS
EPPS XJMM MPDL
 5IF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT UXJDF BOE
UIF IPSO DIJSQT PODF
 %PPST XJMM MPDL XJUI UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
XIJMF UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT JO UIF "$$
PS 0/ QPTJUJPO
6OMPDLJOH EPPST USVOL MJE BOE GVFM
GJMMFS EPPS
 1VTI UIF 6/-0$, CVUUPO
*
PO UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ PODF
 5IF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT PODF 5IF
ESJWFST EPPS XJMM VOMPDL
 1VTI UIF 6/-0$,
CVUUPO
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PO UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ BHBJO XJUIJO NJOVUF
 5IF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT PODF
BHBJO "MM UIF EPPST USVOL MJE BOE UIF
GVFMGJMMFS EPPS XJMM VOMPDL
background
"MM EPPST USVOL MJE BOE UIF GVFMGJMMFS EPPS
XJMM CF MPDLFE BVUPNBUJDBMMZ VOMFTT POF PG
UIF GPMMPXJOH PQFSBUJPOT JT QFSGPSNFE
XJUIJO NJOVUF BGUFS QVTIJOH UIF 6/-0$,
*
CVUUPO PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XIJMF
UIF EPPST BSF MPDLFE *G EVSJOH UIJT 
NJOVUF UJNF QFSJPE UIF 6/-0$,
*
CVUUPO PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT QVTIFE BMM
EPPST XJMM CF MPDLFE BVUPNBUJDBMMZ BGUFS
BOPUIFS NJOVUF
. 0QFOJOH BOZ EPPS
. 1VTIJOH UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI
0QFOJOH XJOEPXT JG TP FRVJQQFE
5IF 6/-0$, CVUUPO
*
PQFSBUJPO BMTP
BMMPXT ZPV UP PQFO UIF XJOEPX UIBU JT
FRVJQQFE XJUI UIF BVUPNBUJD PQFODMPTF
GVODUJPO 4FF g1PXFS XJOEPXTu 1
5P PQFO UIF XJOEPX QVTI UIF EPPS
6/-0$,
*
CVUUPO PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ GPS BCPVU TFDPOET BGUFS UIF EPPS JT
VOMPDLFE
5P TUPQ PQFOJOH SFMFBTF UIF 6/-0$,
CVUUPO
*
*G UIF XJOEPX PQFO PQFSBUJPO JT TUPQQFE JO
NJEPQFSBUJPO XIJMF QVTIJOH UIF 6/-0$,
CVUUPO
*
SFMFBTF BOE QVTI UIF
6/-0$,
CVUUPO
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BHBJO VOUJM UIF
XJOEPX PQFOT DPNQMFUFMZ
8JOEPX DBOOPU CF DMPTFE VTJOH UIF *O
UFMMJHFOU ,FZ
5IF EPPS XJOEPX DBO BMTP CF PQFSBUFE CZ
UVSOJOH UIF NFDIBOJDBM LFZ JO B EPPS MPDL
4FF g%PPSTu 1
0QFOJOH NPPOSPPG JG TP FRVJQQFE
5IF NPPOSPPG DBO CF PQFOFE CZ QVTIJOH
UIF 6/-0$,
CVUUPO
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PO UIF *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZ 5IJT GVODUJPO XJMM OPU PQFSBUF
XIJMF UIF NPPOSPPG UJNFS JT BDUJWBUFE PS
XIFO UIF XJOEPXT OFFE UP CF JOJUJBMJ[FE
5P PQFO UIF NPPOSPPG QVTI UIF 6/-0$,
CVUUPO
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PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GPS
BCPVU TFDPOET BGUFS UIF EPPS JT VOMPDLFE
5P TUPQ PQFOJOH SFMFBTF UIF 6/-0$,
CVUUPO
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0QFOJOH USVOL MJE
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PO UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GPS NPSF UIBO TFDPOE
 5IF USVOL XJMM VOMBUDI
 3BJTF UIF USVOL MJE UP PQFO UIF USVOL
6TJOH QBOJD BMBSN
*G ZPV BSF OFBS ZPVS WFIJDMF BOE GFFM
UISFBUFOFE ZPV NBZ BDUJWBUF UIF BMBSN UP
DBMM BUUFOUJPO BT GPMMPXT
 1VTI UIF 1"/*$
CVUUPO
*
PO UIF
LFZ GPS NPSF UIBO TFDPOE
 5IF UIFGU XBSOJOH BMBSN BOE IFBEMJHIUT
XJMM TUBZ PO GPS  TFDPOET
 5IF QBOJD BMBSN TUPQT XIFO
.
*U IBT SVO GPS  TFDPOET PS
.
"OZ PG UIF CVUUPOT PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ BSF QVTIFE /PUF 1"/*$
CVUUPO
*
PS 536/, CVUUPO
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TIPVME CF QVTIFE GPS NPSF UIBO
TFDPOE
4FUUJOH IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE IPSO
NPEF
5IJT WFIJDMF JT TFU JO IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE
IPSO NPEF XIFO ZPV GJSTU SFDFJWF UIF
WFIJDMF
*O IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE IPSO NPEF XIFO
UIF -0$,
CVUUPO
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JT QVTIFE UIF
IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT UXJDF BOE UIF IPSO
DIJSQT PODF 8IFO UIF 6/-0$,
CVUUPO
*
JT QVTIFE UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT
PODF
*G IPSOT BSF OPU OFDFTTBSZ UIF TZTUFN DBO
CF TXJUDIFE UP UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS NPEF
*O IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS NPEF XIFO UIF -0$,
CVUUPO
*
JT QVTIFE UIF IB[BSE
JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT UXJDF 8IFO UIF 6/-0$,
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
CVUUPO
*
JT QVTIFE OFJUIFS UIF
IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS OPS UIF IPSO PQFSBUFT
)B[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE IPSO NPEF
%003 -0$, %003 6/-0$, 536/, 6/-0$,
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN
6TJOH EPPS IBOEMF PS USVOL
SFRVFTU TXJUDI
)";"3% UXJDF
0654*%& $)*.& UXJDF
)";"3% PODF
0654*%& $)*.& PODF
)";"3% OPOF
0654*%& $)*.&
UJNFT
3FNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ TZTUFN
6TJOH
PS CVUUPO
)";"3% UXJDF
)03/ PODF
)";"3% PODF
)03/ OPOF
)";"3% OPOF
)03/ OPOF
)B[BSE JOEJDBUPS NPEF
%003 -0$, %003 6/-0$, 536/, 6/-0$,
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN
6TJOH EPPS IBOEMF PS USVOL
SFRVFTU TXJUDI
)";"3% UXJDF
0654*%& $)*.& OPOF
)";"3% OPOF
0654*%& $)*.& OPOF
)";"3% OPOF
0654*%& $)*.&
UJNFT
3FNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ TZTUFN
6TJOH
PS CVUUPO
)";"3% UXJDF
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)";"3% PODF
)03/ OPOF
)";"3% OPOF
)03/ OPOF
background
4XJUDIJOH QSPDFEVSF
5P TXJUDI UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE IPSO
DIJNF PQFSBUJPO QVTI UIF -0$,
*
BOE 6/-0$,
*
CVUUPOT PO UIF *OUFM
MJHFOU ,FZ TJNVMUBOFPVTMZ GPS NPSF UIBO
TFDPOET
. 8IFO UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS NPEF JT TFU
UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS GMBTIFT UJNFT
. 8IFO UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS BOE IPSO
NPEF JT TFU UIF IB[BSE JOEJDBUPS
GMBTIFT PODF BOE UIF IPSO DIJSQT PODF
+719
 1VMM UIF IPPE MPDL SFMFBTF IBOEMF
*
MPDBUFE CFMPX UIF JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM
UIF IPPE XJMM UIFO TQSJOH VQ TMJHIUMZ
 1VMM UIF MFWFS
*
VQ BU UIF GSPOU PG UIF
IPPE XJUI ZPVS GJOHFSUJQT BOE SBJTF UIF
IPPE
 8IFO DMPTJOH UIF IPPE TMPXMZ DMPTF
UIF IPPE EPXO UP MBUDI CPUI UIF SJHIU
BOE MFGU MPDLT 1VTI UIF IPPE EPXO UP
MPDL UIF IPPE TFDVSFMZ JOUP QMBDF
8"3/*/(
. .BLF TVSF UIF IPPE JT DPNQMFUFMZ DMPTFE
BOE MBUDIFE CFGPSF ESJWJOH 'BJMVSF UP EP
TP DPVME DBVTF UIF IPPE UP GMZ PQFO BOE
SFTVMU JO BO BDDJEFOU
. *G ZPV TFF TUFBN PS TNPLF DPNJOH GSPN
UIF FOHJOF DPNQBSUNFOU UP BWPJE JOKVSZ
EP OPU PQFO UIF IPPE
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
)00%
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
8"3/*/(
. %P OPU ESJWF XJUI UIF USVOL MJE PQFO 5IJT
DPVME BMMPX EBOHFSPVT FYIBVTU HBTFT UP
CF ESBXO JOUP UIF WFIJDMF 4FF g&YIBVTU
HBT DBSCPO NPOPYJEFu 1 PG UIJT
NBOVBM
. $MPTFMZ TVQFSWJTF DIJMESFO XIFO UIFZ BSF
BSPVOE DBST UP QSFWFOU UIFN GSPN QMBZ
JOH BOE CFDPNJOH MPDLFE JO UIF USVOL
XIFSF UIFZ DPVME CF TFSJPVTMZ JOKVSFE
,FFQ UIF DBS MPDLFE XJUI UIF USVOL
DMPTFE XIFO OPU JO VTF BOE QSFWFOU
DIJMESFOT BDDFTT UP *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZT
+719
536/, -*% 3&-&"4& 48*5$)
5IF USVOL MJE SFMFBTF TXJUDI
*
"
JT MPDBUFE
PO UIF JOTUSVNFOU QBOFM
5P PQFO UIF USVOL MJE QVTI UIF SFMFBTF
TXJUDI 5P DMPTF QVTI UIF USVOL MJE EPXO
41"
536/, 01&/ 3&26&45 48*5$)
5IF USVOL MJE DBO CF PQFOFE CZ QVTIJOH UIF
USVOL PQFO SFRVFTU TXJUDI
*
"
XIFO UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT XJUIJO UIF PQFSBUJOH
SBOHF PG UIF USVOL MPDLVOMPDL GVODUJPO
SFHBSEMFTT PG UIF JOTJEF MPDL LOPC QPTJUJPO
5IF USVOL MJE DBO CF PQFOFE CZ QVTIJOH UIF
USVOL PQFO SFRVFTU TXJUDI
*
"
FWFO JG UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT OPU XJUIJO UIF PQFSBUJOH
SBOHF PG UIF USVOL MPDLVOMPDL GVODUJPO
XIFO BMM EPPST BSF VOMPDLFE CZ UIF QPXFS
EPPS MPDL TZTUFN BOE UIF BVUPNBUJD
VOMPDL GVODUJPO
4FF g*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFNu 1
536/, -*%
background
536/, #6550/
5IF USVOL MJE DBO CF PQFOFE CZ QVTIJOH UIF
536/,
CVUUPO PO UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ GPS
NPSF UIBO TFDPOE
5IF USVOL MJE DBO CF PQFOFE CZ QVTIJOH UIF
USVOL PQFO SFRVFTU TXJUDI
*
"
FWFO JG UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ JT OPU XJUIJO UIF PQFSBUJOH
SBOHF PG UIF USVOL MPDLVOMPDL GVODUJPO
XIFO BMM EPPST BSF VOMPDLFE CZ UIF QPXFS
EPPS MPDL TZTUFN BOE UIF BVUPNBUJD
VOMPDL GVODUJPO
4FF g3FNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ TZTUFNu 1

+719
536/, 3&-&"4& 108&3 $"/$&-
48*5$)
8IFO UIF TXJUDI MPDBUFE JOTJEF UIF HMPWF
CPY JT JO UIF 0'' QPTJUJPO
*
"
UIF QPXFS UP
UIF USVOL MJE XJMM CF DBODFMFE BOE UIF USVOL
MJE DBOOPU CF PQFOFE CZ UIF USVOL MJE
SFMFBTF TXJUDI UIF USVOL PQFO SFRVFTU
TXJUDI PS UIF 536/, CVUUPO PO UIF *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZ
8IFO ZPV IBWF UP MFBWF UIF WFIJDMF XJUI B
WBMFU BOE XBOU UP LFFQ ZPVS CFMPOHJOHT
TBGF JO UIF HMPWF CPY BOE UIF USVOL QVTI
UIJT TXJUDI UP 0'' BOE MPDL UIF HMPWF CPY
XJUI UIF NFDIBOJDBM LFZ 5IFO MFBWF UIF
WFIJDMF BOE UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ XJUI UIF
WBMFU BOE LFFQ UIF NFDIBOJDBM LFZ XJUI
ZPV
4FF g,FZTu 1
5P DPOOFDU UIF QPXFS UP UIF USVOL MJE QVTI
UIF TXJUDI UP UIF 0/
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#
QPTJUJPO
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
41"
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8"3/*/(
$MPTFMZ TVQFSWJTF DIJMESFO XIFO UIFZ BSF
BSPVOE DBST UP QSFWFOU UIFN GSPN QMBZJOH
BOE CFDPNJOH MPDLFE JO UIF USVOL XIFSF
UIFZ DPVME CF TFSJPVTMZ JOKVSFE ,FFQ UIF DBS
MPDLFE XJUI UIF USVOL MJE TFDVSFMZ MBUDIFE
XIFO OPU JO VTF BOE QSFWFOU DIJMESFOT
BDDFTT UP *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZT
5IF JOUFSJPS USVOL MJE SFMFBTF NFDIBOJTN
BMMPXT PQFOJOH PG UIF USVOL MJE JO UIF FWFOU
UIBU QFPQMF CFDPNF MPDLFE JOTJEF UIF USVOL
PS JO UIF FWFOU PG UIF MPTT PG FMFDUSJDBM
QPXFS TVDI BT B EJTDIBSHFE CBUUFSZ
3FMFBTJOH JOTJEF UIF USVOL
5P PQFO UIF USVOL MJE GSPN UIF JOTJEF QVMM
UIF SFMFBTF IBOEMF
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SFMFBTFT BOE QVTI VQ PO UIF USVOL MJE
5IF SFMFBTF MFWFS JT NBEF PG B NBUFSJBM UIBU
HMPXT JO UIF EBSL BGUFS B CSJFG FYQPTVSF UP
BNCJFOU MJHIU
5IF IBOEMF JT MPDBUFE PO UIF CBDL PG UIF
USVOL MJE BT JMMVTUSBUFE
3FMFBTJOH GSPN UIF SFBS TFBU
:PV DBO BDDFTT UIF SFMFBTF IBOEMF UISPVHI
UIF USVOL QBTTUISPVHI SFBS TFBU BSNSFTU
4FF g"SNSFTUu 1
5P PQFO UIF USVOL MJE GSPN UIF SFBS TFBU
QVMM UIF SFMFBTF IBOEMF UPXBSET GSPOU PG
WFIJDMF VOUJM UIF MPDL SFMFBTFT
*G ZPV DBOOPU SFBDI UIF SFMFBTF IBOEMF
DPOUBDU BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
41"
01&/*/( 5)& '6&-'*--&3 %003
5P PQFO UIF GVFMGJMMFS EPPS VOMPDL UIF GVFM
GJMMFS EPPS CZ VTJOH POF PG UIF GPMMPXJOH
PQFSBUJPOT UIFO QVTI UIF VQQFS MFGU TJEF PG
UIF EPPS
. 5PVDI UIF POF UPVDI VOMPDL TFOTPS PO
POF PG UIF GSPOU EPPS IBOEMFT BOE UIFO
QVTI UIF EPPS IBOEMF SFRVFTU TXJUDI
XIJMF DBSSZJOH UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ
. 1VTI UIF 6/-0$, CVUUPO PO UIF *OUFMMJ
HFOU ,FZ UXJDF
. *OTFSU UIF NFDIBOJDBM LFZ JOUP UIF EPPS
MPDL DZMJOEFS BOE UVSO JU UP UIF SFBS PG
UIF WFIJDMF UXJDF
'6&-'*--&3 %003
background
. 1VTI UIF QPXFS EPPS MPDL TXJUDI UP UIF
6/-0$, QPTJUJPO
5P MPDL DMPTF UIF GVFMGJMMFS EPPS TFDVSFMZ
BOE MPDL BMM EPPST CZ PQFSBUJOH UIF EPPS
IBOEMF SFRVFTU TXJUDI UIF -0$, CVUUPO PO
UIF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ UIF NFDIBOJDBM LFZ PS
UIF QPXFS EPPS MPDL TXJUDI
'6&-'*--&3 $"1
8"3/*/(
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IJHIMZ FYQMPTJWF VOEFS DFSUBJO DPOEJ
UJPOT :PV DPVME CF CVSOFE PS TFSJPVTMZ
JOKVSFE JG JU JT NJTVTFE PS NJTIBOEMFE
"MXBZT TUPQ FOHJOF BOE EP OPU TNPLF PS
BMMPX PQFO GMBNFT PS TQBSLT OFBS UIF
WFIJDMF XIFO SFGVFMJOH
. %P OPU BUUFNQU UP UPQ PGG UIF GVFM UBOL
BGUFS UIF GVFM QVNQ OP[[MF TIVUT PGG
BVUPNBUJDBMMZ $POUJOVFE SFGVFMJOH NBZ
DBVTF GVFM PWFSGMPX SFTVMUJOH JO GVFM
TQSBZ BOE QPTTJCMZ B GJSF
. 6TF POMZ BO PSJHJOBM FRVJQNFOU UZQF
GVFMGJMMFS DBQ BT B SFQMBDFNFOU *U IBT B
CVJMUJO TBGFUZ WBMWF OFFEFE GPS QSPQFS
PQFSBUJPO PG UIF GVFM TZTUFN BOE FNJT
TJPO DPOUSPM TZTUFN "O JODPSSFDU DBQ DBO
SFTVMU JO B TFSJPVT NBMGVODUJPO BOE
QPTTJCMF JOKVSZ *U DPVME BMTP DBVTF UIF
.BMGVODUJPO *OEJDBUPS -JHIU .*- UP
DPNF PO
. /FWFS QPVS GVFM JOUP UIF UISPUUMF CPEZ UP
BUUFNQU UP TUBSU ZPVS WFIJDMF
. %P OPU GJMM B QPSUBCMF GVFM DPOUBJOFS JO UIF
WFIJDMF PS USBJMFS 4UBUJD FMFDUSJDJUZ DBO
DBVTF BO FYQMPTJPO PG GMBNNBCMF MJRVJE
WBQPS PS HBT JO BOZ WFIJDMF PS USBJMFS 5P
SFEVDF UIF SJTL PG TFSJPVT JOKVSZ PS EFBUI
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TPPO BT QPTTJCMF 4FF g'VFMGJMMFS DBQu
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8"3/*/(
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DMPTFS UP ZPV UIBO JT OFDFTTBSZ GPS
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5IF ESJWFST BJS CBH JOGMBUFT XJUI HSFBU
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SJTL PG JOKVSZ PS EFBUI JO B DSBTI :PV NBZ
BMTP SFDFJWF TFSJPVT PS GBUBM JOKVSJFT GSPN
UIF BJS CBH JG ZPV BSF VQ BHBJOTU JU XIFO
JU JOGMBUFT "MXBZT TJU CBDL BHBJOTU UIF
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41"
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41"
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 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
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BVUPNBUJDBMMZ DIBOHFT SFGMFDUJPO BDDPSEJOH
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5IF BOUJHMBSF TZTUFN BMTP PQFSBUFT GPS UIF
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BVUPNBUJDBMMZ UP QSPWJEF CFUUFS SFBS WJTJCJ
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TXJUDI
5IF PVUTJEF NJSSPS TVSGBDF NPWFT
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8IFO POF PG UIF GPMMPXJOH DPOEJUJPOT IBT
PDDVSSFE UIF PVUTJEF NJSSPS TVSGBDF XJMM
SFUVSO UP JUT PSJHJOBM QPTJUJPO
. 5IF TIJGU MFWFS JT NPWFE UP BOZ QPTJUJPO
PUIFS UIBO 3 3FWFSTF
. 5IF PVUTJEF NJSSPS DPOUSPM TXJUDI JT TFU
UP UIF DFOUFS QPTJUJPO
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UIFZ BVUPNBUJDBMMZ DIBOHF SFGMFDUJPO BD
DPSEJOH UP UIF JOUFOTJUZ PG UIF IFBEMJHIUT PG
UIF WFIJDMF GPMMPXJOH ZPV
5IF BOUJHMBSF TZTUFN XJMM CF BVUPNBUJDBMMZ
UVSOFE PO XIFO UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT
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1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
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 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
5IF BVUPNBUJD ESJWF QPTJUJPOFS TZTUFN IBT
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TFBU BOE TUFFSJOH DPMVNO XJMM BVUPNBUJ
DBMMZ NPWF XIFO UIF TIJGU MFWFS JT JO UIF 1
1BSL QPTJUJPO 5IJT BMMPXT UIF ESJWFS UP HFU
JOUP BOE PVU PG UIF ESJWFST TFBU NPSF
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UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM XJMM NPWF VQ XIFO UIF
ESJWFST EPPS JT PQFOFE XJUI UIF JHOJUJPO
TXJUDI JO UIF -0$, QPTJUJPO
5IF ESJWFST TFBU BOE TUFFSJOH XIFFM XJMM
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QSFWJPVT QPTJUJPOT JG UIF TFBU PS TUFFSJOH
BEKVTUJOH TXJUDI JT PQFSBUFE XIFO UIF TFBU
JT BU UIF FYJU QPTJUJPO
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DBODFMFE CZ QSFTTJOH BOE IPMEJOH UIF 4&5
TXJUDI GPS NPSF UIBO  TFDPOET
,FFQ UIF 4&5 TXJUDI QSFTTFE GPS NPSF UIBO
 TFDPOET UP UVSO PO PS PGG UIF FOUSZFYJU
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PO &YJU> PS <4MJEF %SJWFS 4FBU #BDL PO &YJU>
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NFOV PO UIF MPXFS EJTQMBZ 4FF UIF *OGJOJUJ
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CBUUFSZ PS SFQMBDJOH XJUI B OFX GVTF PQFO
BOE DMPTF UIF ESJWFST EPPS NPSF UIBO UXP
UJNFT BGUFS UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JT TXJUDIFE
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5IF FOUSZFYJU GVODUJPO XJMM CF BDUJWBUFE
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JO UIF BVUPNBUJD ESJWF QPTJUJPOFS NFNPSZ
'PMMPX UIFTF QSPDFEVSFT UP VTF UIF NFN
PSZ TZTUFN
 "EKVTU UIF ESJWFST TFBU TUFFSJOH DPM
VNO BOE PVUTJEF NJSSPST UP UIF EFTJSFE
QPTJUJPOT CZ NBOVBMMZ PQFSBUJOH FBDI
BEKVTUJOH TXJUDI 'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPS
NBUJPO TFF g4FBUTu 1 g5JMUUFMF
TDPQJD TUFFSJOHu 1 BOE g0VUTJEF
NJSSPSTu 1
 1VTI UIF 4&5 TXJUDI BOE XJUIJO
TFDPOET QVTI UIF NFNPSZ TXJUDI 
PS  GVMMZ GPS BU MFBTU TFDPOE
5IF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU GPS UIF QVTIFE
NFNPSZ TXJUDI XJMM TUBZ PO GPS BQQSPYJ
NBUFMZ TFDPOET BGUFS QVTIJOH UIF
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8IFO UIF NFNPSZ JT TUPSFE JO UIF
NFNPSZ TXJUDI  PS  B CV[[FS XJMM
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NFNPSZ TXJUDI UIF QSFWJPVT NFNPSZ
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NFNPSZ IBT TUPSFE JO QPTJUJPO UIF
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QPTJUJPO
 1VTI UIF NFNPSZ TXJUDI  PS  GVMMZ
GPS BU MFBTU TFDPOE
5IF ESJWFST TFBU TUFFSJOH DPMVNO BOE
PVUTJEF NJSSPST XJMM NPWF UP UIF NFN
PSJ[FE QPTJUJPO XJUI UIF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU
GMBTIJOH BOE UIFO UIF MJHIU XJMM TUBZ PO
GPS BQQSPYJNBUFMZ TFDPOET
-JOLJOH MPHJO GVODUJPO UP B TUPSFE
NFNPSZ QPTJUJPO
5IF MPHJO GVODUJPO DBO CF MJOLFE UP B
TUPSFE NFNPSZ QPTJUJPO XJUI UIF GPMMPXJOH
QSPDFEVSF
 1MBDF UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JO UIF 0/
QPTJUJPO XIJMF DBSSZJOH BO *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ UIBU XBT SFHJTUFSFE UP UIF WFIJDMF
XJUI UIF MPHJO GVODUJPO 'PS NPSF
EFUBJMT TFF g-PHJO GVODUJPOu 1
 "EKVTU UIF QPTJUJPO PG UIF ESJWFST TFBU
TUFFSJOH DPMVNO BOE PVUTJEF NJSSPST
NBOVBMMZ 4FF g4FBUTu 1 g5JMU
UFMFTDPQJD TUFFSJOHu 1 BOE g0VU
TJEF NJSSPSTu 1
 1MBDF UIF JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JO UIF 0''
QPTJUJPO
1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT 
background
 1SFESJWJOH DIFDLT BOE BEKVTUNFOUT
5IF OFYU UJNF ZPV MPH JO TFMFDUJOH UIF VTFS
PO UIF EJTQMBZ BGUFS QMBDJOH UIF JHOJUJPO
TXJUDI JO UIF 0/ QPTJUJPO XIJMF DBSSZJOH UIF
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ UIF TZTUFN XJMM BVUPNBUJ
DBMMZ BEKVTU UP UIF NFNPSJ[FE ESJWJOH
QPTJUJPO
4:45&. 01&3"5*0/
5IF BVUPNBUJD ESJWF QPTJUJPOFS TZTUFN XJMM
OPU XPSL PS XJMM TUPQ PQFSBUJOH VOEFS UIF
GPMMPXJOH DPOEJUJPOT
. 8IFO UIF WFIJDMF JT NPWJOH
. 8IFO UIF BEKVTUJOH TXJUDI GPS UIF
ESJWFST TFBU BOE TUFFSJOH DPMVNO JT
UVSOFE PO XIJMF UIF BVUPNBUJD ESJWF
QPTJUJPOFS JT PQFSBUJOH
. 8IFO UIF NFNPSZ TXJUDI PS JT
QVTIFE GPS MFTT UIBO TFDPOE
. 8IFO UIF TFBU TUFFSJOH DPMVNO BOE
PVUTJEF NJSSPST IBWF BMSFBEZ CFFO
NPWFE UP UIF NFNPSJ[FE QPTJUJPO
. 8IFO OP QPTJUJPO JT TUPSFE JO UIF
NFNPSZ TXJUDI
. 8IFO UIF TIJGU MFWFS JT NPWFE GSPN UIF 1
1BSL QPTJUJPO UP BOZ PUIFS QPTJUJPO
)PXFWFS JU XJMM OPU CF DBODFMFE JG UIF
TXJUDI JT QVTIFE XIJMF UIF TFBU BOE
TUFFSJOH DPMVNO BSF SFUVSOJOH UP UIF
QSFWJPVT QPTJUJPOT FOUSZFYJU GVOD
UJPO
background
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPH
OJUJPO TZTUFNT
*OGJOJUJ *O5PVDI 0XOFST .BOVBM 
7FOUJMBUPST 
"OUFOOB  
8JOEPX BOUFOOB  
4BUFMMJUF BOUFOOB  
$BS QIPOF PS $# SBEJP  
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
3FGFS UP UIF *OGJOJUJ *O5PVDI 0XOFST
.BOVBM UIBU JODMVEFT UIF GPMMPXJOH JOGPS
NBUJPO
. *OGJOJUJ *O5PVDI
. /BWJHBUJPO TZTUFN JG TP FRVJQQFE
. "VEJP TZTUFN
. #MVFUPPUI
Ë
)BOET'SFF 1IPOF TZTUFN
. )FBUFS BOE BJS DPOEJUJPOFS
. )FBUFE TFBUT JG TP FRVJQQFE
. )FBUFE TUFFSJOH XIFFM JG TP FRVJQQFE
. 7JFXJOH JOGPSNBUJPO
. 0UIFS TFUUJOHT
. 7PJDF SFDPHOJUJPO JG TP FRVJQQFE
. .POJUPS TZTUFN
. .FUFS TFUUJOHT
. (FOFSBM TZTUFN JOGPSNBUJPO
+7)9
$FOUFS WFOUJMBUPST
+7)9
4JEF WFOUJMBUPST
+7)9
3FBS WFOUJMBUPST JG TP FRVJQQFE
0QFO PS DMPTF BOE BEKVTU UIF BJS GMPX
EJSFDUJPO PG WFOUJMBUPST
5IJT TZNCPM JOEJDBUFT UIBU UIF WFOUJMBUPST BSF
DMPTFE
5IJT TZNCPM JOEJDBUFT UIBU UIF WFOUJMBUPST BSF
PQFO
*/'*/*5* */506$) 08/&34 ."/6"- 7&/5*-"5034
background
8*/%08 "/5&//"
5IF BOUFOOB QBUUFSO JT QSJOUFE JOTJEF UIF
SFBS XJOEPX
$"65*0/
. %P OPU QMBDF NFUBMJ[FE GJMN OFBS UIF SFBS
XJOEPX HMBTT PS BUUBDI BOZ NFUBM QBSUT
UP JU 5IJT NBZ DBVTF QPPS SFDFQUJPO PS
OPJTF
. 8IFO DMFBOJOH UIF JOTJEF PG UIF SFBS
XJOEPX CF DBSFGVM OPU UP TDSBUDI PS
EBNBHF UIF SFBS XJOEPX BOUFOOB
-JHIUMZ XJQF BMPOH UIF BOUFOOB XJUI B
EBNQFOFE TPGU DMPUI
+7)9
4"5&--*5& "/5&//"
5IFSF JT B TBUFMMJUF BOUFOOB PO UIF SFBS QBSU
PG UIF WFIJDMF SPPG
" CVJMEVQ PG JDF PO UIF TBUFMMJUF SBEJP
BOUFOOB DBO BGGFDU TBUFMMJUF SBEJP QFSGPS
NBODF 3FNPWF UIF JDF UP SFTUPSF TBUFMMJUF
SBEJP SFDFQUJPO
8IFO JOTUBMMJOH B DBS QIPOF PS B $# SBEJP
JO ZPVS WFIJDMF CF TVSF UP PCTFSWF UIF
GPMMPXJOH DBVUJPOT PUIFSXJTF UIF OFX
FRVJQNFOU NBZ BEWFSTFMZ BGGFDU UIF FMFD
USPOJD DPOUSPM NPEVMFT BOE FMFDUSPOJD DPO
USPM TZTUFN IBSOFTT
8"3/*/(
. " DFMMVMBS QIPOF TIPVME OPU CF VTFE GPS
BOZ QVSQPTF XIJMF ESJWJOH TP GVMM BUUFO
UJPO NBZ CF HJWFO UP WFIJDMF PQFSBUJPO
4PNF KVSJTEJDUJPOT QSPIJCJU UIF VTF PG
DFMMVMBS QIPOFT XIJMF ESJWJOH
. *G ZPV NVTU NBLF B DBMM XIJMF ZPVS
WFIJDMF JT JO NPUJPO UIF IBOETGSFF
DFMMVMBS QIPOF PQFSBUJPOBM NPEF JG TP
FRVJQQFE JT IJHIMZ SFDPNNFOEFE &Y
FSDJTF FYUSFNF DBVUJPO BU BMM UJNFT TP GVMM
BUUFOUJPO NBZ CF HJWFO UP WFIJDMF PQFSB
UJPO
. *G B DPOWFSTBUJPO JO B NPWJOH WFIJDMF
SFRVJSFT ZPV UP UBLF OPUFT QVMM PGG UIF
SPBE UP B TBGF MPDBUJPO BOE TUPQ ZPVS
WFIJDMF CFGPSF EPJOH TP
.POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT 
"/5&//" $"3 1)0/& 03 $# 3"%*0
background
 .POJUPS DMJNBUF BVEJP QIPOF BOE WPJDF SFDPHOJUJPO TZTUFNT
$"65*0/
. ,FFQ UIF BOUFOOB BT GBS BXBZ BT
QPTTJCMF GSPN UIF FMFDUSPOJD DPOUSPM
NPEVMFT
. ,FFQ UIF BOUFOOB XJSF NPSF UIBO JO 
DN BXBZ GSPN UIF FMFDUSPOJD DPOUSPM
TZTUFN IBSOFTT %P OPU SPVUF UIF BOUFO
OB XJSF OFYU UP BOZ IBSOFTT
. "EKVTU UIF BOUFOOB TUBOEJOHXBWF SBUJP
BT SFDPNNFOEFE CZ UIF NBOVGBDUVSFS
. $POOFDU UIF HSPVOE XJSF GSPN UIF $#
SBEJP DIBTTJT UP UIF CPEZ
. 'PS EFUBJMT DPOTVMU BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
background
4UBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH
1SFDBVUJPOT XIFO TUBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH 
&YIBVTU HBT DBSCPO NPOPYJEF 
5ISFFXBZ DBUBMZTU  
5JSF 1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4  
"WPJEJOH DPMMJTJPO BOE SPMMPWFS  
0GGSPBE SFDPWFSZ  
3BQJE BJS QSFTTVSF MPTT  
%SJOLJOH BMDPIPMESVHT BOE ESJWJOH  
*OUFMMJHFOU "MM8IFFM %SJWF "8% ESJWJOH TBGFUZ
QSFDBVUJPOT "8% NPEFMT  
1VTICVUUPO JHOJUJPO TXJUDI 
0QFSBUJOH SBOHF GPS FOHJOF TUBSU GVODUJPO 
1VTICVUUPO JHOJUJPO TXJUDI PQFSBUJPO 
1VTICVUUPO JHOJUJPO TXJUDI QPTJUJPOT 
&NFSHFODZ FOHJOF TIVU PGG 
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ CBUUFSZ EJTDIBSHF  
#FGPSF TUBSUJOH UIF FOHJOF 
4UBSUJOH UIF FOHJOF  
%SJWJOH UIF WFIJDMF  
"VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO 
1BSLJOH CSBLF
*/'*/*5* %SJWF .PEF 4FMFDUPS 
45"/%"3% NPEF 
41035 NPEF  
4/08 NPEF 
&$0 NPEF  
1&340/"- NPEF  
"DUJWF -BOF $POUSPM JG TP FRVJQQFE 
1SFDBVUJPOT PO "DUJWF -BOF $POUSPM 
"DUJWF -BOF $POUSPM PQFSBUJPO  
"VUPNBUJD EFBDUJWBUJPO  
-BOF DBNFSB VOJU NBJOUFOBODF  
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 8BSOJOH -%8 TZTUFN-BOF
%FQBSUVSF 1SFWFOUJPO -%1 TZTUFN JG
TP FRVJQQFE  
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 8BSOJOH -%8 TZTUFN 
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 1SFWFOUJPO -%1 TZTUFN 
-BOF DBNFSB VOJU NBJOUFOBODF  
#MJOE 4QPU 8BSOJOH#MJOE 4QPU *OUFSWFOUJPO
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#BDLVQ $PMMJTJPO *OUFSWFOUJPO TZTUFNT JG
TP FRVJQQFE  
#MJOE 4QPU 8BSOJOH #48 TZTUFN#MJOE 4QPU
*OUFSWFOUJPO
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#4* TZTUFN  
#48 TZTUFN PQFSBUJPO 
#4* TZTUFN PQFSBUJPO  
#48#4* TZTUFN QSFDBVUJPOT 
#48#4* ESJWJOH TJUVBUJPOT 
#BDLVQ $PMMJTJPO *OUFSWFOUJPO
#$* TZTUFN 
#$* TZTUFN EFTDSJQUJPO  
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#$* TZTUFN QSFDBVUJPOT 
#$* TZTUFN PQFSBUJPO  
3BEBS NBJOUFOBODF  
$SVJTF DPOUSPM JG TP FRVJQQFE 
1SFDBVUJPOT PO DSVJTF DPOUSPM  
$SVJTF DPOUSPM PQFSBUJPOT  
*OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$ TZTUFN JG
TP FRVJQQFE 
4FMFDUJOH UIF WFIJDMFUPWFIJDMF EJTUBODF
DPOUSPM NPEF 
7FIJDMFUPWFIJDMF EJTUBODF DPOUSPM NPEF 
1SFDBVUJPOT PO WFIJDMFUPWFIJDMF EJTUBODF
DPOUSPM NPEF 
7FIJDMFUPWFIJDMF EJTUBODF DPOUSPM
NPEF PQFSBUJPO  
$POWFOUJPOBM GJYFE TQFFE DSVJTF
DPOUSPM NPEF 
%JTUBODF $POUSPM "TTJTU %$" TZTUFN JG
TP FRVJQQFE 
1SFDBVUJPOT PO %$" TZTUFN 
%$" TZTUFN PQFSBUJPO 
'PSXBSE FNFSHFODZ CSBLJOH TZTUFN JG
TP FRVJQQFE 
4ZTUFN PQFSBUJPO 
1SFEJDUJWF GPSXBSE DPMMJTJPO XBSOJOH TZTUFN JG
TP FRVJQQFE 
4ZTUFN PQFSBUJPO 
#SFBLJO TDIFEVMF 
'VFM &GGJDJFOU %SJWJOH 5JQT  
*ODSFBTJOH GVFM FDPOPNZ  
*OUFMMJHFOU "MM8IFFM %SJWF "8% JG
TP FRVJQQFE  
1BSLJOHQBSLJOH PO IJMMT  
1PXFS TUFFSJOH 
)ZESBVMJD QPXFS TUFFSJOH UZQF  
%JSFDU "EBQUJWF 4UFFSJOH UZQF  
#SBLF TZTUFN 
#SBLJOH QSFDBVUJPOT  
1BSLJOH CSBLF CSFBLJO  
#SBLF BTTJTU 
#SBLF BTTJTU  
"OUJMPDL #SBLJOH 4ZTUFN "#4  
7FIJDMF %ZOBNJD $POUSPM 7%$ TZTUFN  
#SBLF GPSDF EJTUSJCVUJPO 
"DUJWF USBDF DPOUSPM 
)JMM 4UBSU "TTJTU TZTUFN 
$IBTTJT DPOUSPM 
$PME XFBUIFS ESJWJOH 
'SFFJOH B GSP[FO EPPS MPDL  
"OUJGSFF[F 
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BOE QVTIJOH UIF QVTICVUUPO JHOJ
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UIBU BSF GBEFE PS OPU QBJOUFE DMFBSMZ
ZFMMPX QBJOUFE MBOF NBSLFST OPO
TUBOEBSE MBOF NBSLFST MBOF NBSLFST
DPWFSFE XJUI XBUFS EJSU TOPX FUD
0O SPBET XIFSF EJTDPOUJOVFE MBOF
NBSLFST BSF TUJMM EFUFDUBCMF
0O SPBET XIFSF UIFSF BSF TIBSQ
DVSWFT
0O SPBET XIFSF UIFSF BSF TIBSQMZ
DPOUSBTUJOH PCKFDUT TVDI BT TIB
EPXT TOPX XBUFS XIFFM SVUT
TFBNT PS MJOFT SFNBJOJOH BGUFS SPBE
SFQBJST
0O SPBET XIFSF UIF USBWFMJOH MBOF
NFSHFT PS TFQBSBUFT
8IFO UIF WFIJDMFT USBWFMJOH EJSFD
UJPO EPFT OPU BMJHO XJUI UIF MBOF
NBSLFST
8IFO USBWFMJOH DMPTF UP UIF WFIJDMF
JO GSPOU PG ZPV XIJDI PCTUSVDUT UIF
MBOF DBNFSB VOJU EFUFDUJPO SBOHF
8IFO SBJO TOPX PS EJSU BEIFSFT UP
UIF XJOETIJFME JO GSPOU PG B MBOF
DBNFSB VOJU
8IFO UIF IFBEMJHIUT BSF OPU CSJHIU
EVF UP EJSU PO UIF MFOT PS JG BJNJOH JT
OPU BEKVTUFE QSPQFSMZ
8IFO TUSPOH MJHIU FOUFST B MBOF
DBNFSB VOJU 'PS FYBNQMF MJHIU
EJSFDUMZ TIJOFT PO UIF GSPOU PG UIF
WFIJDMF BU TVOSJTF PS TVOTFU
8IFO B TVEEFO DIBOHF JO CSJHIU
OFTT PDDVST 'PS FYBNQMF XIFO UIF
WFIJDMF FOUFST PS FYJUT B UVOOFM PS
VOEFS B CSJEHF
. %P OPU VTF UIF #4* TZTUFN VOEFS UIF
GPMMPXJOH DPOEJUJPOT CFDBVTF UIF TZTUFN
NBZ OPU GVODUJPO QSPQFSMZ
%VSJOH CBE XFBUIFS 'PS FYBNQMF
SBJO GPH TOPX FUD
8IFO ESJWJOH PO TMJQQFSZ SPBET
TVDI BT PO JDF PS TOPX FUD
8IFO ESJWJOH PO XJOEJOH PS VOFWFO
SPBET
8IFO UIFSF JT B MBOF DMPTVSF EVF UP
SPBE SFQBJST
8IFO ESJWJOH JO B NBLFTIJGU PS
UFNQPSBSZ MBOF
8IFO ESJWJOH PO SPBET XIFSF UIF
MBOF XJEUI JT UPP OBSSPX
8IFO ESJWJOH XJUI B UJSF UIBU JT OPU
XJUIJO OPSNBM UJSF DPOEJUJPOT GPS
FYBNQMF UJSF XFBS MPX UJSF QSFTTVSF
JOTUBMMBUJPO PG TQBSF UJSF UJSF DIBJOT
OPOTUBOEBSE XIFFMT
8IFO UIF WFIJDMF JT FRVJQQFE XJUI
OPOPSJHJOBM TUFFSJOH QBSUT PS TVT
QFOTJPO QBSUT
. &YDFTTJWF OPJTF GPS FYBNQMF BVEJP
TZTUFN WPMVNF PQFO WFIJDMF XJOEPX
XJMM JOUFSGFSF XJUI UIF DIJNF TPVOE BOE
JU NBZ OPU CF IFBSE
background
44%
*MMVTUSBUJPO "QQSPBDIJOH GSPN CFIJOE
#48#4* %3*7*/( 4*56"5*0/4
"OPUIFS WFIJDMF BQQSPBDIJOH GSPN
CFIJOE
*MMVTUSBUJPO  5IF TJEF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU
JMMVNJOBUFT JG B WFIJDMF FOUFST UIF EFUFDUJPO
[POF GSPN CFIJOE JO BO BEKBDFOU MBOF
)PXFWFS JG UIF PWFSUBLJOH WFIJDMF JT
USBWFMJOH NVDI GBTUFS UIBO ZPVS WFIJDMF
UIF TJEF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU NBZ OPU JMMVNJOBUF
CFGPSF UIF EFUFDUFE WFIJDMF JT CFTJEF ZPVS
WFIJDMF "MXBZT VTF UIF TJEF BOE SFBS
NJSSPST BOE UVSO BOE MPPL JO UIF EJSFDUJPO
ZPVS WFIJDMF XJMM NPWF UP FOTVSF JU JT TBGF UP
DIBOHF MBOFT
44%
*MMVTUSBUJPO "QQSPBDIJOH GSPN CFIJOE
*MMVTUSBUJPO  *G UIF ESJWFS BDUJWBUFT UIF
UVSO TJHOBM UIFO UIF TZTUFN DIJNFT B
TPVOE UXJDF BOE UIF TJEF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU
GMBTIFT
/05&
*G UIF ESJWFS BDUJWBUFT UIF UVSO TJHOBM
CFGPSF B WFIJDMF FOUFST UIF EFUFDUJPO [POF
UIF TJEF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU XJMM GMBTI CVU OP
DIJNF XJMM TPVOE XIFO UIF PUIFS WFIJDMF JT
EFUFDUFE
4UBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH 
background
 4UBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH
44%
*MMVTUSBUJPO "QQSPBDIJOH GSPN CFIJOE
*MMVTUSBUJPO  *G UIF #4* TZTUFN JT PO BOE
ZPVS WFIJDMF JT BQQSPBDIJOH B MBOF NBSLFS
BOE B WFIJDMF JT JO UIF EFUFDUJPO [POF UIF
TZTUFN DIJNFT B TPVOE UISFF UJNFT BOE
UIF TJEF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU GMBTIFT 5IFO UIF
#4* TZTUFN TMJHIUMZ BQQMJFT UIF TUFFSJOH UP
IFMQ SFUVSO UIF WFIJDMF CBDL UP UIF DFOUFS PG
UIF ESJWJOH MBOF
44%
*MMVTUSBUJPO "DDFMFSBUF GSPN B TUPQ
/05&
*MMVTUSBUJPO  *G ZPV BDDFMFSBUF GSPN B TUPQ
XJUI B WFIJDMF JO UIF EFUFDUJPO [POF UIF
PUIFS WFIJDMF NBZ OPU CF EFUFDUFE
44%
*MMVTUSBUJPO 0WFSUBLJOH BOPUIFS WFIJDMF
0WFSUBLJOH BOPUIFS WFIJDMF
*MMVTUSBUJPO  5IF TJEF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU
JMMVNJOBUFT JG ZPV PWFSUBLF B WFIJDMF BOE
UIBU WFIJDMF TUBZT JO UIF EFUFDUJPO [POF GPS
BQQSPYJNBUFMZ TFDPOET
5IF SBEBS TFOTPST NBZ OPU EFUFDU TMPXFS
NPWJOH WFIJDMFT JG UIFZ BSF QBTTFE RVJDLMZ
background
44%
*MMVTUSBUJPO 0WFSUBLJOH BOPUIFS WFIJDMF
*MMVTUSBUJPO  *G UIF ESJWFS BDUJWBUFT UIF
UVSO TJHOBM XIJMF BOPUIFS WFIJDMF JT JO UIF
EFUFDUJPO [POF UIFO UIF TZTUFN DIJNFT B
TPVOE UXJDF BOE UIF TJEF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU
GMBTIFT
44%
*MMVTUSBUJPO 0WFSUBLJOH BOPUIFS WFIJDMF
*MMVTUSBUJPO  *G UIF #4* TZTUFN JT PO BOE
ZPVS WFIJDMF BQQSPBDIFT B MBOF NBSLFS
XIJMF BOPUIFS WFIJDMF JT JO UIF EFUFDUJPO
[POF UIF TZTUFN DIJNFT B TPVOE UISFF
UJNFT BOE UIF TJEF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU GMBTIFT
5IFO UIF #4* TZTUFN TMJHIUMZ BQQMJFT UIF
TUFFSJOH UP IFMQ SFUVSO UIF WFIJDMF CBDL UP
UIF DFOUFS PG UIF ESJWJOH MBOF
4UBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH 
background
 4UBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH
44%
*MMVTUSBUJPO
/05&
*MMVTUSBUJPO  8IFO PWFSUBLJOH TFWFSBM
WFIJDMFT JO B SPX UIF WFIJDMFT BGUFS UIF
GJSTU WFIJDMF NBZ OPU CF EFUFDUFE JG UIFZ BSF
USBWFMJOH DMPTF UPHFUIFS
44%
*MMVTUSBUJPO &OUFSJOH GSPN UIF TJEF
&OUFSJOH GSPN UIF TJEF
*MMVTUSBUJPO  5IF TJEF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU
JMMVNJOBUFT JG B WFIJDMF FOUFST UIF EFUFDUJPO
[POF GSPN FJUIFS TJEF
/05&
5IF SBEBS TFOTPST NBZ OPU EFUFDU B WFIJDMF
XIJDI JT USBWFMJOH BU BCPVU UIF TBNF TQFFE
BT ZPVS WFIJDMF XIFO JU FOUFST UIF EFUFD
UJPO [POF
background
44%
*MMVTUSBUJPO  &OUFSJOH GSPN UIF TJEF
*MMVTUSBUJPO  *G UIF ESJWFS BDUJWBUFT UIF
UVSO TJHOBM XIJMF BOPUIFS WFIJDMF JT JO UIF
EFUFDUJPO [POF UIFO UIF TJEF JOEJDBUPS
MJHIU GMBTIFT BOE B DIJNF XJMM TPVOE UXJDF
/05&
*G UIF ESJWFS BDUJWBUFT UIF UVSO TJHOBM
CFGPSF B WFIJDMF FOUFST UIF EFUFDUJPO [POF
UIF TJEF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU XJMM GMBTI CVU OP
DIJNF XJMM TPVOE XIFO BOPUIFS WFIJDMF JT
EFUFDUFE
44%
*MMVTUSBUJPO  &OUFSJOH GSPN UIF TJEF
*MMVTUSBUJPO  *G UIF #4* TZTUFN JT PO BOE
ZPVS WFIJDMF BQQSPBDIFT UIF MBOF NBSLFS
XIJMF BOPUIFS WFIJDMF JT JO UIF EFUFDUJPO
[POF UIF TJEF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU GMBTIFT BOE B
DIJNF XJMM TPVOE UISFF UJNFT 5IFO UIF #4*
TZTUFN TMJHIUMZ BQQMJFT UIF TUFFSJOH UP IFMQ
SFUVSO UIF WFIJDMF CBDL UP UIF DFOUFS PG UIF
ESJWJOH MBOF
44%
*MMVTUSBUJPO  &OUFSJOH GSPN UIF TJEF
/05&
. *MMVTUSBUJPO  5IF #4* TZTUFN XJMM OPU
PQFSBUF JG ZPVS WFIJDMF JT PO B MBOF
NBSLFS XIFO BOPUIFS WFIJDMF FOUFST
UIF EFUFDUJPO [POF *O UIJT DBTF POMZ
UIF #48 TZTUFN PQFSBUFT
. #4* TUFFSJOH BTTJTU XJMM OPU PQFSBUF PS
XJMM TUPQ PQFSBUJOH BOE POMZ B XBSOJOH
DIJNF XJMM TPVOE VOEFS UIF GPMMPXJOH
DPOEJUJPOT
8IFO UIF WFIJDMF JT BDDFMFSBUFE
EVSJOH #4* TZTUFN PQFSBUJPO
8IFO TUFFSJOH RVJDLMZ
4UBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH 
background
 4UBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH
8IFO UIF *$$ %$" QSFEJDUJWF GPS
XBSE DPMMJTJPO XBSOJOH PS GPSXBSE
FNFSHFODZ CSBLJOH XBSOJOHT
TPVOE
8IFO UIF IB[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFST
BSF PQFSBUFE
8IFO ESJWJOH PO B DVSWF BU B IJHI
TQFFE
#"$,61 $0--*4*0/ */5&37&/5*0/
#$* 4:45&.
8"3/*/(
. 5IF #BDLVQ $PMMJTJPO *OUFSWFOUJPO #$*
TZTUFN JT OPU B SFQMBDFNFOU GPS QSPQFS
ESJWJOH QSPDFEVSF JT OPU EFTJHOFE UP
QSFWFOU DPOUBDU XJUI WFIJDMFT PS PCKFDUT
BOE EPFT OPU QSPWJEF GVMM CSBLF QPXFS
8IFO CBDLJOH PVU PG QBSLJOH TQBDFT
BMXBZT VTF UIF JOTJEF BOE SFBS NJSSPST
BOE UVSO BOE MPPL JO UIF EJSFDUJPO ZPV
XJMM NPWF /FWFS SFMZ TPMFMZ PO UIF #$*
TZTUFN
. 5IFSF JT B MJNJUBUJPO UP UIF EFUFDUJPO
DBQBCJMJUZ PG UIF SBEBS PS UIF TPOBS
6TJOH UIF #$* TZTUFN VOEFS TPNF SPBE
HSPVOE USBGGJD PS XFBUIFS DPOEJUJPOT
DPVME MFBE UP JNQSPQFS TZTUFN PQFSB
UJPO "MXBZT SFMZ PO ZPVS PXO PQFSBUJPO
UP BWPJE BDDJEFOUT
#$* 4:45&. %&4$3*15*0/
5IF #$* TZTUFN DBO IFMQ BMFSU UIF ESJWFS PG
BO BQQSPBDIJOH WFIJDMF PS PCKFDUT CFIJOE
UIF WFIJDMF XIFO UIF ESJWFS JT CBDLJOH PVU
PG B QBSLJOH TQBDF
8IFO UIF TIJGU MFWFS JT JO UIF 3 3FWFSTF
QPTJUJPO BOE UIF WFIJDMF TQFFE JT MFTT UIBO
BQQSPYJNBUFMZ .1)  LNI UIF #$*
TZTUFN PQFSBUFT
+749
+749
background
+749
5IF #$* TZTUFN VTFT SBEBS TFOTPST
*
JOTUBMMFE PO CPUI TJEFT OFBS UIF SFBS
CVNQFS UP EFUFDU BO BQQSPBDIJOH WFIJDMF
BOE TPOBS TFOTPST
*
UP EFUFDU PCKFDUT JO
UIF SFBS
5IF SBEBS TFOTPST
*
EFUFDU BO BQQSPBDI
JOH WFIJDMF GSPN VQ UP BQQSPYJNBUFMZ  GU
 N BXBZ 5IF TPOBS TFOTPST
*
EFUFDU
TUBUJPOBSZ PCKFDUT CFIJOE UIF WFIJDMF VQ UP
BQQSPYJNBUFMZ  GU  N 3FGFS UP UIF
JMMVTUSBUJPO GPS BQQSPYJNBUF [POF DPWFSBHF
BSFBT
*
*G UIF SBEBS EFUFDUT B WFIJDMF BQQSPBDIJOH
GSPN UIF TJEF PS UIF TPOBS EFUFDUT DMPTF
TUBUJPOBSZ PCKFDUT CFIJOE UIF WFIJDMF UIF
TZTUFN HJWFT WJTVBM BOE BVEJCMF XBSOJOHT
*G UIF ESJWFS EPFT OPU BQQMZ UIF CSBLFT UIF
TZTUFN BVUPNBUJDBMMZ BQQMJFT UIF CSBLF GPS
B NPNFOU XIFO UIF WFIJDMF JT NPWJOH
CBDLXBSET "GUFS UIF BVUPNBUJD CSBLF
BQQMJDBUJPO UIF ESJWFS NVTU EFQSFTT UIF
CSBLF QFEBM UP NBJOUBJO CSBLF QSFTTVSF *G
UIF ESJWFST GPPU JT PO UIF BDDFMFSBUPS
QFEBM UIF TZTUFN QVTIFT UIF BDDFMFSBUPS
VQXBSE CFGPSF BQQMZJOH UIF CSBLF *G ZPV
DPOUJOVF UP BDDFMFSBUF UIF TZTUFN XJMM OPU
FOHBHF UIF CSBLF
4UBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH 
background
 4UBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH
+749
#$* 4:45&. 13&$"65*0/4
8"3/*/(
. "MXBZT DIFDL TVSSPVOEJOHT BOE UVSO UP
DIFDL XIBU JT CFIJOE ZPV CFGPSF CBDLJOH
VQ
. 5IF SBEBS TFOTPST EFUFDU BQQSPBDIJOH
NPWJOH WFIJDMFT 5IF SBEBS TFOTPST
DBOOPU EFUFDU FWFSZ PCKFDU TVDI BT
1FEFTUSJBOT CJDZDMFT BOJNBMT PS
DIJME PQFSBUFE UPZ WFIJDMFT
" WFIJDMF UIBU JT QBTTJOH BU TQFFET
HSFBUFS UIBO BQQSPYJNBUFMZ  .1)
 LNI
. 5IF SBEBS TFOTPST NBZ OPU EFUFDU BQ
QSPBDIJOH WFIJDMFT JO DFSUBJO TJUVBUJPOT
*MMVTUSBUJPO B 8IFO B WFIJDMF QBSLFE
OFYU UP ZPV PCTUSVDUT UIF CFBN PG UIF
SBEBS TFOTPS
*MMVTUSBUJPO C 8IFO UIF WFIJDMF JT
QBSLFE JO BO BOHMFE QBSLJOH TQBDF
*MMVTUSBUJPO D 8IFO UIF WFIJDMF JT
QBSLFE PO JODMJOFE HSPVOE
*MMVTUSBUJPO E 8IFO BO BQQSPBDIJOH
WFIJDMF UVSOT JOUP ZPVS WFIJDMFT
background
QBSLJOH MPU BJTMF
*MMVTUSBUJPO F 8IFO UIF BOHMF
GPSNFE CZ ZPVS WFIJDMF BOE BQ
QSPBDIJOH WFIJDMF JT TNBMM
. 5IF GPMMPXJOH DPOEJUJPOT NBZ SFEVDF UIF
BCJMJUZ PG UIF SBEBS TFOTPST UP EFUFDU
PUIFS WFIJDMFT
4FWFSF XFBUIFS
3PBE TQSBZ
*DF CVJME VQ PO UIF WFIJDMF
'SPTU CVJME VQ PO UIF WFIJDMF
%JSU CVJME VQ PO UIF WFIJDMF
. %P OPU BUUBDI TUJDLFST JODMVEJOH USBOT
QBSFOU NBUFSJBM JOTUBMM BDDFTTPSJFT PS
BQQMZ BEEJUJPOBM QBJOU OFBS UIF SBEBS
TFOTPST 5IFTF DPOEJUJPOT NBZ SFEVDF
UIF BCJMJUZ PG UIF SBEBS TFOTPST UP EFUFDU
PUIFS WFIJDMFT
. 5IF TPOBS TFOTPST EFUFDU TUBUJPOBSZ
PCKFDUT CFIJOE UIF WFIJDMF 5IF TPOBS
TFOTPS NBZ OPU EFUFDU
4NBMM PS NPWJOH PCKFDUT
8FEHFTIBQFE PCKFDUT
0CKFDU DMPTF UP UIF CVNQFS MFTT
UIBO BQQSPYJNBUFMZ GU  DN
5IJO PCKFDUT TVDI BT SPQF XJSF BOE
DIBJO FUD
. 5IF CSBLF FOHBHFNFOU CZ UIF #$*
TZTUFN JT OPU BT FGGFDUJWF PO B TMPQF BT
JU JT PO GMBU HSPVOE 8IFO PO B TUFFQ
TMPQF UIF TZTUFN NBZ OPU GVODUJPO
QSPQFSMZ
. %P OPU VTF UIF #$* TZTUFN VOEFS UIF
GPMMPXJOH DPOEJUJPOT CFDBVTF UIF TZTUFN
NBZ OPU GVODUJPO QSPQFSMZ
8IFO ESJWJOH XJUI B UJSF UIBU JT OPU
XJUIJO OPSNBM UJSF DPOEJUJPOT GPS
FYBNQMF UJSF XFBS MPX UJSF QSFTTVSF
JOTUBMMBUJPO PG TQBSF UJSF UJSF DIBJOT
OPOTUBOEBSE XIFFMT
8IFO UIF WFIJDMF JT FRVJQQFE XJUI
OPOPSJHJOBM CSBLF QBSUT PS TVTQFO
TJPO QBSUT
. &YDFTTJWF OPJTF GPS FYBNQMF BVEJP
TZTUFN WPMVNF PQFO WFIJDMF XJOEPX
XJMM JOUFSGFSF XJUI UIF DIJNF TPVOE BOE
JU NBZ OPU CF IFBSE
+749
6QQFS EJTQMBZ
#$* 4:45&. 01&3"5*0/
8IFO UIF TIJGU MFWFS JT QMBDFE JO UIF 3
3FWFSTF QPTJUJPO UIF JOEJDBUPS PO UIF #$*
TZTUFN LFZ
*
JMMVNJOBUFT PO UIF VQQFS
EJTQMBZ
4UBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH 
background
 4UBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH
44%
4JEF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU
+749
6QQFS EJTQMBZ
*G UIF SBEBS EFUFDUT BO BQQSPBDIJOH WFIJDMF
GSPN UIF TJEF UIF TZTUFN DIJNFT B TPVOE
TJOHMF CFFQ UIF TJEF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU PO
UIF TJEF UIF WFIJDMF JT BQQSPBDIJOH GSPN
GMBTIFT BOE B ZFMMPX SFDUBOHVMBS GSBNF
*
"
BQQFBST PO UIF VQQFS EJTQMBZ
+749
*MMVTUSBUJPO
+749
*MMVTUSBUJPO
background
/05&
. *O UIF DBTF PG TFWFSBM WFIJDMFT BQ
QSPBDIJOH JO B SPX JMMVTUSBUJPO  PS
JO UIF PQQPTJUF EJSFDUJPO JMMVTUSBUJPO
 B DIJNF NBZ OPU CF TPVOEFE CZ UIF
#$* TZTUFN BGUFS UIF GJSTU WFIJDMF
QBTTFT UIF TFOTPST
. 5IF TPOBS TZTUFN DIJNF JOEJDBUJOH
UIFSF JT BO PCKFDU CFIJOE UIF WFIJDMF
IBT B IJHIFS QSJPSJUZ UIBO UIF #$*
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HSPVOEFE WPMU "$ 7"$ PVUMFU
 5IF FOHJOF CMPDL IFBUFS NVTU CF
QMVHHFE JO GPS BU MFBTU IPVST
EFQFOEJOH PO PVUTJEF UFNQFSBUVSFT UP
QSPQFSMZ XBSN UIF FOHJOF DPPMBOU 6TF
BO BQQSPQSJBUF UJNFS UP UVSO UIF FOHJOF
CMPDL IFBUFS PO
 #FGPSF TUBSUJOH UIF FOHJOF VOQMVH BOE
QSPQFSMZ TUPSF UIF DPSE UP LFFQ JU BXBZ
GSPN NPWJOH QBSUT
8"3/*/(
. %P OPU VTF ZPVS FOHJOF CMPDL IFBUFS XJUI
BO VOHSPVOEFE FMFDUSJDBM TZTUFN PS B 
QSPOHFE BEBQUFS :PV DBO CF TFSJPVTMZ
JOKVSFE CZ BO FMFDUSJDBM TIPDL JG ZPV VTF
BO VOHSPVOEFE DPOOFDUJPO
. %JTDPOOFDU BOE QSPQFSMZ TUPSF UIF FO
HJOF CMPDL IFBUFS DPSE CFGPSF TUBSUJOH
UIF FOHJOF %BNBHF UP UIF DPSE DPVME
SFTVMU JO BO FMFDUSJDBM TIPDL BOE DBO
DBVTF TFSJPVT JOKVSZ
. 6TF B IFBWZEVUZ XJSF QSPOHFE
FYUFOTJPO DPSE SBUFE GPS BU MFBTU "
1MVH UIF FYUFOTJPO DPSE JOUP B (SPVOE
'BVMU *OUFSSVQU ('* QSPUFDUFE HSPVOEFE
7"$ PVUMFU 'BJMVSF UP VTF UIF QSPQFS
FYUFOTJPO DPSE PS B HSPVOEFE PVUMFU DBO
SFTVMU JO B GJSF PS FMFDUSJDBM TIPDL BOE
DBVTF TFSJPVT QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ
background
*O DBTF PG FNFSHFODZ
)B[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFS TXJUDI 
3PBETJEF BTTJTUBODF QSPHSBN 
&NFSHFODZ FOHJOF TIVU PGG  
'MBU UJSF  
5JSF 1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4  
3VOGMBU UJSFT JG TP FRVJQQFE 
$IBOHJOH B GMBU UJSF  
+VNQ TUBSUJOH 
1VTI TUBSUJOH  
*G ZPVS WFIJDMF PWFSIFBUT 
5PXJOH ZPVS WFIJDMF  
5PXJOH SFDPNNFOEFE CZ */'*/*5* 
7FIJDMF SFDPWFSZ GSFFJOH B TUVDL WFIJDMF 
background
 *O DBTF PG FNFSHFODZ
4*$
1VTI UIF TXJUDI PO UP XBSO PUIFS ESJWFST
XIFO ZPV NVTU TUPQ PS QBSL VOEFS FNFS
HFODZ DPOEJUJPOT "MM UVSO TJHOBM MJHIUT XJMM
GMBTI
8"3/*/(
. *G TUPQQJOH GPS BO FNFSHFODZ CF TVSF UP
NPWF UIF WFIJDMF XFMM PGG UIF SPBE
. %P OPU VTF UIF IB[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFST
XIJMF NPWJOH PO UIF IJHIXBZ VOMFTT
VOVTVBM DJSDVNTUBODFT GPSDF ZPV UP ESJWF
TP TMPXMZ UIBU ZPVS WFIJDMF NJHIU CF
DPNF B IB[BSE UP PUIFS USBGGJD
. 5VSO TJHOBMT EP OPU XPSL XIFO UIF
IB[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFS MJHIUT BSF PO
5IF GMBTIFS DBO CF BDUVBUFE XJUI UIF
JHOJUJPO TXJUDI JO BOZ QPTJUJPO
4PNF TUBUF MBXT NBZ QSPIJCJU UIF VTF PG
UIF IB[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFS TXJUDI XIJMF
ESJWJOH
*O UIF FWFOU PG B SPBETJEF FNFSHFODZ
3PBETJEF "TTJTUBODF 4FSWJDF JT BWBJMBCMF UP
ZPV 1MFBTF SFGFS UP ZPVS 8BSSBOUZ *OGPSNB
UJPO #PPLMFU 64 PS 8BSSBOUZ 3PBETJEF
"TTJTUBODF *OGPSNBUJPO #PPLMFU $BOBEB
GPS EFUBJMT
)";"3% 8"3/*/( '-"4)&3 48*5$) 30"%4*%& "44*45"/$& 130(3".
background
5P TIVU PGG UIF FOHJOF JO BO FNFSHFODZ
TJUVBUJPO XIJMF ESJWJOH QFSGPSN UIF GPMMPX
JOH QSPDFEVSF
. 3BQJEMZ QVTI UIF QVTICVUUPO JHOJUJPO
TXJUDI DPOTFDVUJWF UJNFT JO MFTT UIBO
 TFDPOET PS
. 1VTI BOE IPME UIF QVTICVUUPO JHOJUJPO
TXJUDI GPS NPSF UIBO TFDPOET
5*3& 13&4463& .0/*503*/( 4:4
5&. 51.4
5IJT WFIJDMF JT FRVJQQFE XJUI UIF 5JSF
1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4 *U
NPOJUPST UJSF QSFTTVSF PG BMM UJSFT FYDFQU
UIF TQBSF 8IFO UIF MPX UJSF QSFTTVSF
XBSOJOH MJHIU JT MJU BOE UIF g5JSF 1SFTTVSF
-PX "EE "JSu XBSOJOH BQQFBST JO UIF
WFIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ POF PS NPSF PG
ZPVS UJSFT JT TJHOJGJDBOUMZ VOEFSJOGMBUFE *G
UIF WFIJDMF JT CFJOH ESJWFO XJUI MPX UJSF
QSFTTVSF UIF 51.4 XJMM BDUJWBUF BOE XBSO
ZPV PG JU CZ UIF MPX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH
MJHIU 5IJT TZTUFN XJMM BDUJWBUF POMZ XIFO
UIF WFIJDMF JT ESJWFO BU TQFFET BCPWF 
.1)  LNI 'PS NPSF EFUBJMT TFF
g8BSOJOHJOEJDBUPS MJHIUT BOE BVEJCMF SF
NJOEFSTu 1 BOE g5JSF 1SFTTVSF .PO
JUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4u 1
8"3/*/(
. 3BEJP XBWFT DPVME BEWFSTFMZ BGGFDU
FMFDUSJD NFEJDBM FRVJQNFOU 5IPTF XIP
VTF B QBDFNBLFS TIPVME DPOUBDU UIF
FMFDUSJD NFEJDBM FRVJQNFOU NBOVGBD
UVSFS GPS UIF QPTTJCMF JOGMVFODFT CFGPSF
VTF
. *G UIF MPX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH MJHIU
JMMVNJOBUFT XIJMF ESJWJOH BWPJE TVEEFO
TUFFSJOH NBOFVWFST PS BCSVQU CSBLJOH
SFEVDF WFIJDMF TQFFE QVMM PGG UIF SPBE UP
B TBGF MPDBUJPO BOE TUPQ UIF WFIJDMF BT
TPPO BT QPTTJCMF %SJWJOH XJUI VOEFS
JOGMBUFE UJSFT NBZ QFSNBOFOUMZ EBNBHF
UIF UJSFT BOE JODSFBTF UIF MJLFMJIPPE PG
UJSF GBJMVSF 4FSJPVT WFIJDMF EBNBHF
DPVME PDDVS BOE NBZ MFBE UP BO BDDJEFOU
BOE DPVME SFTVMU JO TFSJPVT QFSTPOBM
JOKVSZ $IFDL UIF UJSF QSFTTVSF GPS BMM
GPVS UJSFT "EKVTU UIF UJSF QSFTTVSF UP UIF
SFDPNNFOEFE $0-% UJSF QSFTTVSF TIPXO
PO UIF 5JSF BOE -PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO
MBCFM UP UVSO UIF MPX UJSF QSFTTVSF
XBSOJOH MJHIU 0'' *G UIF MJHIU TUJMM
JMMVNJOBUFT XIJMF ESJWJOH BGUFS BEKVTUJOH
UIF UJSF QSFTTVSF B UJSF NBZ CF GMBU *G ZPV
IBWF B GMBU UJSF SFQMBDF JU XJUI B TQBSF
UJSF JG TP FRVJQQFE
. 8IFO B TQBSF UJSF JT NPVOUFE PS B XIFFM
JT SFQMBDFE UIF 51.4 XJMM OPU GVODUJPO
BOE UIF MPX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH MJHIU
XJMM GMBTI GPS BQQSPYJNBUFMZ NJOVUF
5IF MJHIU XJMM SFNBJO PO BGUFS NJOVUF
$POUBDU ZPVS */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS BT TPPO BT
QPTTJCMF GPS UJSF SFQMBDFNFOU BOEPS
TZTUFN SFTFUUJOH
*O DBTF PG FNFSHFODZ 
&.&3(&/$: &/(*/& 4)65 0'' '-"5 5*3&
background
 *O DBTF PG FNFSHFODZ
. 3FQMBDJOH UJSFT XJUI UIPTF OPU PSJHJOBMMZ
TQFDJGJFE CZ */'*/*5* DPVME BGGFDU UIF
QSPQFS PQFSBUJPO PG UIF 51.4
. %P OPU JOKFDU BOZ UJSF MJRVJE PS BFSPTPM
UJSF TFBMBOU JOUP UIF UJSFT BT UIJT NBZ
DBVTF B NBMGVODUJPO PG UIF UJSF QSFTTVSF
TFOTPST
36/'-"5 5*3&4 JG TP FRVJQQFE
3VOGMBU UJSFT BSF UIPTF UJSFT UIBU DBO CF
VTFE UFNQPSBSJMZ JG UIFZ BSF QVODUVSFE 4FF
g3VOGMBU UJSFTu 1
"MTP SFGFS UP g*NQPSUBOU 5JSF 4BGFUZ *O
GPSNBUJPOu 64 PS g5JSF 4BGFUZ *OGPSNB
UJPOu $BOBEB JO UIF */'*/*5* 8BSSBOUZ
*OGPSNBUJPO #PPLMFU
8"3/*/(
. "MUIPVHI ZPV DBO DPOUJOVF ESJWJOH XJUI B
QVODUVSFE SVOGMBU UJSF SFNFNCFS UIBU
WFIJDMF IBOEMJOH TUBCJMJUZ JT SFEVDFE
XIJDI DPVME MFBE UP BO BDDJEFOU BOE
QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ "MTP ESJWJOH B MPOH
EJTUBODF BU IJHI TQFFET NBZ EBNBHF
UIF UJSFT
. %P OPU ESJWF BU TQFFET BCPWF  .1) 
LNI BOE EP OPU ESJWF NPSF UIBO
BQQSPYJNBUFMZ  NJMFT  LN XJUI B
QVODUVSFE SVOGMBU UJSF 5IF BDUVBM EJT
UBODF UIF WFIJDMF DBO CF ESJWFO PO B GMBU
UJSF EFQFOET PO PVUTJEF UFNQFSBUVSF
WFIJDMF MPBE SPBE DPOEJUJPOT BOE PUIFS
GBDUPST
. %SJWF TBGFMZ BU SFEVDFE TQFFET "WPJE
IBSE DPSOFSJOH PS CSBLJOH XIJDI NBZ
DBVTF ZPV UP MPTF DPOUSPM PG UIF WFIJDMF
. *G ZPV EFUFDU BOZ VOVTVBM TPVOET PS
WJCSBUJPOT XIJMF ESJWJOH XJUI B QVODUVSFE
SVOGMBU UJSF QVMM PGG UIF SPBE UP B TBGF
MPDBUJPO BOE TUPQ UIF WFIJDMF BT TPPO BT
QPTTJCMF 5IF UJSF NBZ CF TFSJPVTMZ
EBNBHFE BOE OFFE UP CF SFQMBDFE
$"65*0/
. /FWFS JOTUBMM UJSF DIBJOT PO B QVODUVSFE
SVOGMBU UJSF BT UIJT DPVME EBNBHF ZPVS
WFIJDMF
. "WPJE ESJWJOH PWFS BOZ QSPKFDUJPO PS
QPUIPMF BT UIF DMFBSBODF CFUXFFO UIF
WFIJDMF BOE UIF HSPVOE JT TNBMMFS UIBO
OPSNBM
. %P OPU FOUFS BO BVUPNBUFE DBS XBTI XJUI
B QVODUVSFE SVOGMBU UJSF
. )BWF UIF QVODUVSFE UJSF JOTQFDUFE CZ BO
*/'*/*5* SFUBJMFS PS PUIFS BVUIPSJ[FE
SFQBJS TIPQ 3FQMBDF UIF UJSF BT TPPO BT
QPTTJCMF JG UIF UJSF JT TFSJPVTMZ EBNBHFE
$)"/(*/( " '-"5 5*3&
*G ZPV IBWF B GMBU UJSF GPMMPX UIF JOTUSVD
UJPOT JO UIJT TFDUJPO UP SFQMBDF UIF UJSF XJUI
B TQBSF UJSF JG TP FRVJQQFE 'PS UIF
WFIJDMFT XJUI SVOGMBU UJSFT ZPV DBO DPO
UJOVF ESJWJOH UP B TBGF MPDBUJPO FWFO JG UIFZ
BSF QVODUVSFE 4FF g3VOGMBU UJSFTu 1
BOE g3VOGMBU UJSFTu 1
5IJT TFDUJPO BMTP DPOUBJOT UIF JOGPSNBUJPO
BCPVU UIF WFIJDMF KBDLVQ QSPDFEVSFT
4UPQQJOH UIF WFIJDMF
 4BGFMZ NPWF UIF WFIJDMF PGG UIF SPBE
BOE BXBZ GSPN USBGGJD
 5VSO PO UIF IB[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFST
 1BSL PO B MFWFM TVSGBDF BOE BQQMZ UIF
QBSLJOH CSBLF .PWF UIF TIJGU MFWFS UP
UIF 1 1BSL QPTJUJPO
 5VSO PGG UIF FOHJOF
background
 3BJTF UIF IPPE UP XBSO PUIFS USBGGJD
BOE UP TJHOBM QSPGFTTJPOBM SPBE BTTJT
UBODF QFSTPOOFM UIBU ZPV OFFE BTTJT
UBODF
 )BWF BMM QBTTFOHFST HFU PVU PG UIF
WFIJDMF BOE TUBOE JO B TBGF QMBDF BXBZ
GSPN USBGGJD BOE DMFBS PG UIF WFIJDMF
8"3/*/(
. .BLF TVSF UIF QBSLJOH CSBLF JT TFDVSFMZ
BQQMJFE BOE UIF BVUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO
JOUP 1 1BSL
. /FWFS DIBOHF UJSFT XIFO UIF WFIJDMF JT
PO B TMPQF JDF PS TMJQQFSZ BSFBT 5IJT JT
IB[BSEPVT
. /FWFS DIBOHF UJSFT JG PODPNJOH USBGGJD JT
DMPTF UP ZPVS WFIJDMF 8BJU GPS QSPGFT
TJPOBM SPBE BTTJTUBODF
.$&"
#MPDLJOH XIFFMT
1MBDF TVJUBCMF CMPDLT
*
BU CPUI UIF GSPOU
BOE CBDL PG UIF XIFFM EJBHPOBMMZ PQQPTJUF
UIF GMBU UJSF UP QSFWFOU UIF WFIJDMF GSPN
NPWJOH XIFO JU JT KBDLFE VQ
8"3/*/(
#F TVSF UP CMPDL UIF XIFFM BT UIF WFIJDMF
NBZ NPWF BOE SFTVMU JO QFSTPOBM JOKVSZ
+7&9
+BDLJOH UPPMT
*O DBTF PG FNFSHFODZ 
background
 *O DBTF PG FNFSHFODZ
4$&
4QBSF UJSF JG TP FRVJQQFE
(FUUJOH UIF TQBSF UJSF JG TP
FRVJQQFE BOE UPPMT
3BJTF UIF USVOL GMPPS DPWFS
*
3FNPWF KBDLJOH UPPMT MPDBUFE JOTJEF UIF
USVOL BT JMMVTUSBUFE
3FNPWF UIF DBQ
*
IPMEJOH UIF TQBSF UJSF
+BDLJOH VQ UIF WFIJDMF BOE SFNPW
JOH UIF EBNBHFE UJSF
8"3/*/(
. /FWFS HFU VOEFS UIF WFIJDMF XIJMF JU JT
TVQQPSUFE POMZ CZ UIF KBDL *G JU JT
OFDFTTBSZ UP XPSL VOEFS UIF WFIJDMF
TVQQPSU JU XJUI TBGFUZ TUBOET
. 6TF POMZ UIF KBDL QSPWJEFE XJUI ZPVS
WFIJDMF UP MJGU UIF WFIJDMF %P OPU VTF UIF
KBDL QSPWJEFE XJUI ZPVS WFIJDMF PO PUIFS
WFIJDMFT 5IF KBDL JT EFTJHOFE GPS MJGUJOH
POMZ ZPVS WFIJDMF EVSJOH B UJSF DIBOHF
. 6TF UIF DPSSFDU KBDLVQ QPJOUT /FWFS VTF
BOZ PUIFS QBSU PG UIF WFIJDMF GPS KBDL
TVQQPSU
. /FWFS KBDL VQ UIF WFIJDMF NPSF UIBO
OFDFTTBSZ
. /FWFS VTF CMPDLT PO PS VOEFS UIF KBDL
. %P OPU TUBSU PS SVO UIF FOHJOF XIJMF
WFIJDMF JT PO UIF KBDL BT JU NBZ DBVTF UIF
WFIJDMF UP NPWF 5IJT JT FTQFDJBMMZ USVF
GPS WFIJDMFT XJUI MJNJUFE TMJQ EJGGFSFO
UJBMT
. %P OPU BMMPX QBTTFOHFST UP TUBZ JO UIF
WFIJDMF XIJMF JU JT PO UIF KBDL
$BSFGVMMZ SFBE UIF DBVUJPO MBCFM BUUBDIFE
UP UIF KBDL CPEZ BOE UIF GPMMPXJOH JOTUSVD
UJPOT
background
$&"
+BDLVQ QPJOU
 1MBDF UIF KBDL EJSFDUMZ VOEFS UIF KBDLVQ
QPJOU BT JMMVTUSBUFE TP UIF UPQ PG UIF
KBDL DPOUBDUT UIF WFIJDMF BU UIF KBDLVQ
QPJOU "MJHO UIF KBDL IFBE CFUXFFO UIF
UXP OPUDIFT JO UIF GSPOU PS UIF SFBS BT
TIPXO "MTP GJU UIF HSPPWF PG UIF KBDL
IFBE CFUXFFO UIF OPUDIFT BT TIPXO
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8JOEPX XBTIFS GMVJE 
#BUUFSZ 
+VNQ TUBSUJOH  
7BSJBCMF WPMUBHF DPOUSPM TZTUFN 
%SJWF CFMUT 
4QBSL QMVHT  
3FQMBDJOH TQBSL QMVHT  
"JS DMFBOFS  
8JOETIJFME XJQFS CMBEFT 
$MFBOJOH 
3FQMBDJOH  
#SBLFT 
4FMGBEKVTUJOH CSBLFT 
#SBLF QBE XFBS XBSOJOH 
'VTFT 
&OHJOF DPNQBSUNFOU 
1BTTFOHFS DPNQBSUNFOU  
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ CBUUFSZ SFQMBDFNFOU 
-JHIUT  
)FBEMJHIUT 
&YUFSJPS BOE JOUFSJPS MJHIUT 
8IFFMT BOE UJSFT 
5JSF QSFTTVSF  
5JSF MBCFMJOH  
5ZQFT PG UJSFT 
5JSF DIBJOT 
$IBOHJOH XIFFMT BOE UJSFT  
background
 .BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG
4PNF EBZUPEBZ BOE SFHVMBS NBJOUFOBODF
JT FTTFOUJBM UP NBJOUBJO ZPVS WFIJDMF HPPE
NFDIBOJDBM DPOEJUJPO BT XFMM BT JUT FNJT
TJPO BOE FOHJOF QFSGPSNBODF
*U JT UIF PXOFST SFTQPOTJCJMJUZ UP NBLF
TVSF UIBU UIF TDIFEVMFE NBJOUFOBODF BT
XFMM BT HFOFSBM NBJOUFOBODF JT QFSGPSNFE
"T UIF WFIJDMF PXOFS ZPV BSF UIF POMZ POF
XIP DBO FOTVSF UIBU ZPVS WFIJDMF SFDFJWFT
UIF QSPQFS NBJOUFOBODF :PV BSF B WJUBM MJOL
JO UIF NBJOUFOBODF DIBJO
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4FSWJDF BOE .BJOUFOBODF (VJEFu :PV NVTU
SFGFS UP UIBU HVJEF UP FOTVSF UIBU OFDFTTBSZ
NBJOUFOBODF JT QFSGPSNFE PO ZPVS WFIJDMF
BU SFHVMBS JOUFSWBMT
(&/&3"- ."*/5&/"/$&
(FOFSBM NBJOUFOBODF JODMVEFT UIPTF JUFNT
XIJDI TIPVME CF DIFDLFE EVSJOH OPSNBM
EBZUPEBZ PQFSBUJPO 5IFZ BSF FTTFOUJBM
GPS QSPQFS WFIJDMF PQFSBUJPO *U JT ZPVS
SFTQPOTJCJMJUZ UP QFSGPSN UIFTF QSPDFEVSFT
SFHVMBSMZ BT QSFTDSJCFE
1FSGPSNJOH HFOFSBM NBJOUFOBODF DIFDLT
SFRVJSFT NJOJNBM NFDIBOJDBM TLJMM BOE POMZ
B GFX HFOFSBM BVUPNPUJWF UPPMT
5IFTF DIFDLT PS JOTQFDUJPOT DBO CF EPOF
CZ ZPVSTFMG B RVBMJGJFE UFDIOJDJBO PS JG ZPV
QSFGFS BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
8)&3& 50 (0 '03 4&37*$&
*G NBJOUFOBODF TFSWJDF JT SFRVJSFE PS ZPVS
WFIJDMF BQQFBST UP NBMGVODUJPO IBWF UIF
TZTUFNT DIFDLFE BOE TFSWJDFE CZ BO
*/'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
*/'*/*5* UFDIOJDJBOT BSF XFMMUSBJOFE TQF
DJBMJTUT BOE BSF LFQU VQ UP EBUF XJUI UIF
MBUFTU TFSWJDF JOGPSNBUJPO UISPVHI UFDIOJ
DBM CVMMFUJOT TFSWJDF UJQT BOE JOSFUBJMFS
TIJQ JOGPSNBUJPO TZTUFNT 5IFZ BSF
DPNQMFUFMZ RVBMJGJFE UP XPSL PO */'*/*5*
WFIJDMFT CFGPSF XPSL CFHJOT
:PV DBO CF DPOGJEFOU UIBU BO */'*/*5*
SFUBJMFST TFSWJDF EFQBSUNFOU QFSGPSNT UIF
CFTU KPC UP NFFU UIF NBJOUFOBODF SFRVJSF
NFOUT PO ZPVS WFIJDMF
%VSJOH UIF OPSNBM EBZUPEBZ PQFSBUJPO PG
UIF WFIJDMF HFOFSBM NBJOUFOBODF TIPVME
CF QFSGPSNFE SFHVMBSMZ BT QSFTDSJCFE JO
UIJT TFDUJPO *G ZPV EFUFDU BOZ VOVTVBM
TPVOET WJCSBUJPOT PS TNFMM CF TVSF UP
DIFDL GPS UIF DBVTF PS IBWF BO */'*/*5*
SFUBJMFS EP JU QSPNQUMZ *O BEEJUJPO ZPV
TIPVME OPUJGZ BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS JG ZPV
UIJOL UIBU SFQBJST BSF SFRVJSFE
8IFO QFSGPSNJOH BOZ DIFDLT PS NBJOUF
OBODF XPSL TFF g.BJOUFOBODF QSFDBV
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JUFNT XJUI gu JT GPVOE MBUFS JO UIJT
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5IF NBJOUFOBODF JUFNT MJTUFE IFSF TIPVME
CF QFSGPSNFE GSPN UJNF UP UJNF VOMFTT
PUIFSXJTF TQFDJGJFE
%PPST BOE FOHJOF IPPE $IFDL UIBU BMM
EPPST BOE UIF FOHJOF IPPE PQFSBUF
QSPQFSMZ "MTP FOTVSF UIBU BMM MBUDIFT MPDL
TFDVSFMZ -VCSJDBUF IJOHFT MBUDIFT MBUDI
QJOT SPMMFST BOE MJOLT JG OFDFTTBSZ .BLF
TVSF UIBU UIF TFDPOEBSZ MBUDI LFFQT UIF
IPPE GSPN PQFOJOH XIFO UIF QSJNBSZ MBUDI
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background
JT SFMFBTFE
8IFO ESJWJOH JO BSFBT VTJOH SPBE TBMU PS
PUIFS DPSSPTJWF NBUFSJBMT DIFDL MVCSJDBUJPO
GSFRVFOUMZ
-JHIUT $MFBO UIF IFBEMJHIUT PO B SFHVMBS
CBTJT .BLF TVSF UIBU UIF IFBEMJHIUT TUPQ
MJHIUT UBJM MJHIUT UVSO TJHOBM MJHIUT BOE
PUIFS MJHIUT BSF BMM PQFSBUJOH QSPQFSMZ BOE
JOTUBMMFE TFDVSFMZ "MTP DIFDL IFBEMJHIU
BJN
3PBE XIFFM OVUT MVH OVUT 8IFO DIFDL
JOH UIF UJSFT NBLF TVSF OP XIFFM OVUT BSF
NJTTJOH BOE DIFDL GPS BOZ MPPTF XIFFM
OVUT 5JHIUFO JG OFDFTTBSZ
5JSF SPUBUJPO 5JSFT TIPVME CF SPUBUFE
FWFSZ  NJMFT  LN *G ZPVS
WFIJDMF JT FRVJQQFE XJUI EJGGFSFOU TJ[FE
UJSFT JO UIF GSPOU BOE SFBS UJSFT DBOOPU CF
SPUBUFE
5JSFT $IFDL UIF QSFTTVSF XJUI B HBVHF
PGUFO BOE BMXBZT QSJPS UP MPOH EJTUBODF
USJQT *G OFDFTTBSZ BEKVTU UIF QSFTTVSF JO
BMM UJSFT JODMVEJOH UIF TQBSF UP UIF
QSFTTVSF TQFDJGJFE $IFDL DBSFGVMMZ GPS
EBNBHF DVUT PS FYDFTTJWF XFBS
5JSF 1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4
USBOTNJUUFS DPNQPOFOUT 3FQMBDF UIF
51.4 USBOTNJUUFS HSPNNFU TFBM WBMWF DPSF
BOE DBQ XIFO UIF UJSFT BSF SFQMBDFE EVF UP
XFBS PS BHF
5JSF XIFFM BMJHONFOU BOE CBMBODF *G UIF
WFIJDMF TIPVME QVMM UP FJUIFS TJEF XIJMF
ESJWJOH PO B TUSBJHIU BOE MFWFM SPBE PS JG
ZPV EFUFDU VOFWFO PS BCOPSNBM UJSF XFBS
UIFSF NBZ CF B OFFE GPS XIFFM BMJHONFOU
*G UIF TUFFSJOH XIFFM PS TFBU WJCSBUFT BU
OPSNBM IJHIXBZ TQFFET XIFFM CBMBODJOH
NBZ CF OFFEFE
'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO SFHBSEJOH UJSFT
SFGFS UP g*NQPSUBOU 5JSF 4BGFUZ *OGPSNBUJPOu
64 PS g5JSF 4BGFUZ *OGPSNBUJPOu $BOBEB
JO UIF */'*/*5* 8BSSBOUZ *OGPSNBUJPO #PPL
MFU
8JOETIJFME $MFBO UIF XJOETIJFME PO B
SFHVMBS CBTJT $IFDL UIF XJOETIJFME BU
MFBTU FWFSZ TJY NPOUIT GPS DSBDLT PS PUIFS
EBNBHF )BWF B EBNBHFE XJOETIJFME
SFQBJSFE CZ B RVBMJGJFE SFQBJS GBDJMJUZ
8JOETIJFME XJQFS CMBEFT $IFDL GPS
DSBDLT PS XFBS JG UIFZ EP OPU XJQF QSPQFSMZ
*OTJEF UIF WFIJDMF
5IF NBJOUFOBODF JUFNT MJTUFE IFSF TIPVME
CF DIFDLFE PO B SFHVMBS CBTJT TVDI BT
XIFO QFSGPSNJOH QFSJPEJD NBJOUFOBODF
DMFBOJOH UIF WFIJDMF FUD
"DDFMFSBUPS QFEBM $IFDL UIF QFEBM GPS
TNPPUI PQFSBUJPO BOE NBLF TVSF UIF QFEBM
EPFT OPU DBUDI PS SFRVJSF VOFWFO FGGPSU
,FFQ UIF GMPPS NBU BXBZ GSPN UIF QFEBM
"VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO 1 1BSL NFDIBO
JTN 0O B GBJSMZ TUFFQ IJMM DIFDL UIBU ZPVS
WFIJDMF JT IFME TFDVSFMZ XJUI UIF TIJGU MFWFS
JO UIF 1 1BSL QPTJUJPO XJUIPVU BQQMZJOH
BOZ CSBLFT
#SBLF QFEBM $IFDL UIF QFEBM GPS TNPPUI
PQFSBUJPO *G UIF CSBLF QFEBM TVEEFOMZ
HPFT EPXO GVSUIFS UIBO OPSNBM UIF QFEBM
GFFMT TQPOHZ PS UIF WFIJDMF TFFNT UP UBLF
MPOHFS UP TUPQ TFF BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
JNNFEJBUFMZ ,FFQ UIF GMPPS NBU BXBZ GSPN
UIF QFEBM
#SBLFT $IFDL UIBU UIF CSBLFT EP OPU QVMM
UIF WFIJDMF UP POF TJEF XIFO BQQMJFE
1BSLJOH CSBLF $IFDL UIF QBSLJOH CSBLF
PQFSBUJPO SFHVMBSMZ 5IF WFIJDMF TIPVME CF
TFDVSFMZ IFME PO B GBJSMZ TUFFQ IJMM XJUI POMZ
UIF QBSLJOH CSBLF BQQMJFE *G UIF QBSLJOH
CSBLF OFFET BEKVTUFE TFF BO */'*/*5*
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4UFQ MJHIU
4%*"
5SVOL MJHIU
*G ZPV IBWF B GMBU UJSF TFF g'MBU UJSFu 1
5*3& 13&4463&
5JSF 1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN
51.4
5IJT WFIJDMF JT FRVJQQFE XJUI UIF 5JSF
1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4 *U
NPOJUPST UJSF QSFTTVSF PG BMM UJSFT FYDFQU
UIF TQBSF 8IFO UIF MPX UJSF QSFTTVSF
XBSOJOH MJHIU JT MJU BOE UIF g5JSF 1SFTTVSF
-PX "EE "JSu XBSOJOH BQQFBST JO UIF
WFIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ POF PS NPSF PG
ZPVS UJSFT JT TJHOJGJDBOUMZ VOEFSJOGMBUFE
5IF 51.4 XJMM BDUJWBUF POMZ XIFO UIF
WFIJDMF JT ESJWFO BU TQFFET BCPWF  .1)
 LNI "MTP UIJT TZTUFN NBZ OPU
EFUFDU B TVEEFO ESPQ JO UJSF QSFTTVSF GPS
FYBNQMF B GMBU UJSF XIJMF ESJWJOH
'PS NPSF EFUBJMT TFF g-PX UJSF QSFTTVSF
XBSOJOH MJHIUu 1g5JSF 1SFTTVSF .PO
JUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4u 1 BOE g5JSF
1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN 51.4u 1

5JSF JOGMBUJPO QSFTTVSF
$IFDL UIF QSFTTVSF PG UIF UJSFT
JODMVEJOH UIF TQBSF PGUFO BOE BM
XBZT QSJPS UP MPOH EJTUBODF USJQT 5IF
SFDPNNFOEFE UJSF QSFTTVSF TQFDJGJ
DBUJPOT BSF TIPXO PO UIF 5JSF BOE
-PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO MBCFM VOEFS UIF
g$PME 5JSF 1SFTTVSFu IFBEJOH 5IF
5JSF BOE -PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO MBCFM JT
BGGJYFE UP UIF ESJWFS TJEF DFOUFS QJMMBS
5JSF QSFTTVSFT TIPVME CF DIFDLFE
SFHVMBSMZ CFDBVTF
.
.PTU UJSFT OBUVSBMMZ MPTF BJS PWFS
UJNF
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5JSFT DBO MPTF BJS TVEEFOMZ XIFO
ESJWFO PWFS QPUIPMFT PS PUIFS
PCKFDUT PS JG UIF WFIJDMF TUSJLFT B
DVSC XIJMF QBSLJOH
5IF UJSF QSFTTVSFT TIPVME CF DIFDLFE
XIFO UIF UJSFT BSF DPME 5IF UJSFT BSF
DPOTJEFSFE $0-% BGUFS UIF WFIJDMF
IBT CFFO QBSLFE GPS PS NPSF IPVST
PS ESJWFO MFTT UIBO NJMF  LN BU
NPEFSBUF TQFFET
51.4 XJUI 5JSF *OGMBUJPO *OEJDBUPS
QSPWJEFT WJTVBM BOE BVEJCMF TJHOBMT
PVUTJEF UIF WFIJDMF GPS JOGMBUJOH UIF
UJSFT UP UIF SFDPNNFOEFE $0-% UJSF
QSFTTVSF 4FF g51.4 XJUI 5JSF *OGMB
8)&&-4 "/% 5*3&4
background
UJPO *OEJDBUPSu 1 BCPVU UIF
51.4 XJUI 5JSF *OGMBUJPO *OEJDBUPS
*ODPSSFDU UJSF QSFTTVSF JODMVEJOH
VOEFS JOGMBUJPO NBZ BEWFSTFMZ BGGFDU
UJSF MJGF BOE WFIJDMF IBOEMJOH
8"3/*/(
. *NQSPQFSMZ JOGMBUFE UJSFT DBO GBJM
TVEEFOMZ BOE DBVTF BO BDDJEFOU
. 5IF (SPTT 7FIJDMF 8FJHIU SBUJOH
(783 JT MPDBUFE PO UIF '.74
4$.744 MBCFM 5IF WFIJDMF
XFJHIU DBQBDJUZ JT JOEJDBUFE PO
UIF 5JSF BOE -PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO
MBCFM %P OPU MPBE ZPVS WFIJDMF
CFZPOE UIJT DBQBDJUZ 0WFSMPBEJOH
ZPVS WFIJDMF NBZ SFTVMU JO SFEVDFE
UJSF MJGF VOTBGF PQFSBUJOH DPOEJ
UJPOT EVF UP QSFNBUVSF UJSF GBJMVSF
PS VOGBWPSBCMF IBOEMJOH DIBSBDUFS
JTUJDT BOE DPVME BMTP MFBE UP B
TFSJPVT BDDJEFOU -PBEJOH CFZPOE
UIF TQFDJGJFE DBQBDJUZ NBZ BMTP
SFTVMU JO GBJMVSF PG PUIFS WFIJDMF
DPNQPOFOUT
. #FGPSF UBLJOH B MPOH USJQ PS XIFO
FWFS ZPV IFBWJMZ MPBE ZPVS WFIJDMF
VTF B UJSF QSFTTVSF HBVHF UP
FOTVSF UIBU UIF UJSF QSFTTVSFT BSF
BU UIF TQFDJGJFE MFWFM
. 'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO SFHBSE
JOH UJSFT SFGFS UP g*NQPSUBOU 5JSF
4BGFUZ *OGPSNBUJPOu 64 PS g5JSF
4BGFUZ *OGPSNBUJPOu $BOBEB JO
UIF 8BSSBOUZ *OGPSNBUJPO #PPLMFU
.BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG 
background
 .BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG
4%*
5JSF BOE -PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO MBCFM
*
4FBUJOH DBQBDJUZ 5IF NBYJNVN
OVNCFS PG PDDVQBOUT UIBU DBO CF
TFBUFE JO UIF WFIJDMF
*
7FIJDMF MPBE MJNJU 4FF g7FIJDMF
MPBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPOu 1
*
0SJHJOBM TJ[F 5IF TJ[F PG UIF UJSFT
PSJHJOBMMZ JOTUBMMFE PO UIF WFIJ
DMF BU UIF GBDUPSZ
*
$PME UJSF QSFTTVSF *OGMBUF UIF
UJSFT UP UIJT QSFTTVSF XIFO UIF
UJSFT BSF DPME 5JSFT BSF DPOTJE
FSFE $0-% BGUFS UIF WFIJDMF IBT
CFFO QBSLFE GPS PS NPSF IPVST
PS ESJWFO MFTT UIBO NJMF 
LN BU NPEFSBUF TQFFET 5IF
SFDPNNFOEFE DPME UJSF JOGMBUJPO
JT TFU CZ UIF NBOVGBDUVSFS UP
QSPWJEF UIF CFTU CBMBODF PG UJSF
XFBS WFIJDMF IBOEMJOH ESJWF
BCJMJUZ UJSF OPJTF FUD VQ UP UIF
WFIJDMFT (783
*
5JSF TJ[F TFF g5JSF MBCFMJOHu
1
*
4QBSF UJSF TJ[F PS DPNQBDU TQBSF
UJSF TJ[F JG TP FRVJQQFE
background
4%*
$IFDLJOH UIF UJSF QSFTTVSF

3FNPWF UIF WBMWF TUFN DBQ GSPN
UIF UJSF

1SFTT UIF QSFTTVSF HBVHF
TRVBSFMZ POUP UIF WBMWF TUFN %P
OPU QSFTT UPP IBSE PS GPSDF UIF
WBMWF TUFN TJEFXBZT PS BJS XJMM
FTDBQF *G UIF IJTTJOH TPVOE PG BJS
FTDBQJOH GSPN UIF UJSF JT IFBSE
XIJMF DIFDLJOH UIF QSFTTVSF SF
QPTJUJPO UIF HBVHF UP FMJNJOBUF
UIJT MFBLBHF

3FNPWF UIF HBVHF

3FBE UIF UJSF QSFTTVSF PO UIF
HBVHF TUFN BOE DPNQBSF JU UP
UIF TQFDJGJDBUJPO TIPXO PO UIF
5JSF BOE -PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO MB
CFM

"EE BJS UP UIF UJSF BT OFFEFE *G UPP
NVDI BJS JT BEEFE QSFTT UIF DPSF
PG UIF WBMWF TUFN CSJFGMZ XJUI UIF
UJQ PG UIF HBVHF TUFN UP SFMFBTF
QSFTTVSF 3FDIFDL UIF QSFTTVSF
BOE BEE PS SFMFBTF BJS BT OFFEFE

*OTUBMM UIF WBMWF TUFN DBQ

$IFDL UIF QSFTTVSF PG BMM PUIFS
UJSFT JODMVEJOH UIF TQBSF
4*;&
$0-% 5*3&
*/'-"5*0/
13&4463&
'30/5
03*(*/"-
5*3&
13'
7
 L1B
 14*
13'
7
 L1B
 14*
3'
8
 L1B
 14*
3 :
 L1B
 14*
3&"3 03*
(*/"- 5*3&
13'
7
 L1B
 14*
13'
7
 L1B
 14*
3'
8
 L1B
 14*
3 8
 L1B
 14*
41"3& 5*3&
JG TP
FRVJQQFE
53
.
 L1B
 14*
.BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG 
background
 .BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG
4%*
&YBNQMF
5*3& -"#&-*/(
'FEFSBM MBX SFRVJSFT UJSF NBOVGBD
UVSFST UP QMBDF TUBOEBSEJ[FE JOGPSNB
UJPO PO UIF TJEFXBMM PG BMM UJSFT 5IJT
JOGPSNBUJPO JEFOUJGJFT BOE EFTDSJCFT
UIF GVOEBNFOUBM DIBSBDUFSJTUJDT PG
UIF UJSF BOE BMTP QSPWJEFT UIF UJSF
JEFOUJGJDBUJPO OVNCFS 5*/ GPS TBGFUZ
TUBOEBSE DFSUJGJDBUJPO 5IF 5*/ DBO CF
VTFE UP JEFOUJGZ UIF UJSF JO DBTF PG B
SFDBMM
4%*
&YBNQMF
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5JSF TJ[F FYBNQMF 13
)

1 5IF g1u JOEJDBUFT UIF UJSF JT
EFTJHOFE GPS QBTTFOHFS WFIJDMFT
/PU BMM UJSFT IBWF UIJT JOGPSNB
UJPO

5ISFFEJHJU OVNCFS  5IJT
OVNCFS HJWFT UIF XJEUI JO NJMMJ
NFUFST PG UIF UJSF GSPN TJEFXBMM
FEHF UP TJEFXBMM FEHF

5XPEJHJU OVNCFS  5IJT OVN
CFS LOPXO BT UIF BTQFDU SBUJP
HJWFT UIF UJSFT SBUJP PG IFJHIU UP
XJEUI

3 5IF g3u TUBOET GPS SBEJBM
' 5IF g'u BGUFS g3u JOEJDBUFT 4FMG
4VQQPSUJOH UZQF SVOGMBU UJSF

5XPEJHJU OVNCFS  5IJT OVN
CFS JT UIF XIFFM PS SJN EJBNFUFS JO
JODIFT

5XP PS UISFFEJHJU OVNCFS 
5IJT OVNCFS JT UIF UJSFT MPBE
JOEFY *U JT B NFBTVSFNFOU PG
IPX NVDI XFJHIU FBDI UJSF DBO
TVQQPSU :PV NBZ OPU GJOE UIJT
JOGPSNBUJPO PO BMM UJSFT CFDBVTF JU
JT OPU SFRVJSFE CZ MBX

) 5JSF TQFFE SBUJOH :PV TIPVME
OPU ESJWF UIF WFIJDMF GBTUFS UIBO
UIF UJSF TQFFE SBUJOH
background
4%*
&YBNQMF
*
5*/ 5JSF *EFOUJGJDBUJPO /VNCFS
GPS B OFX UJSF FYBNQMF %05 99 99
999 9999

%05 "CCSFWJBUJPO GPS UIF g%FQBSU
NFOU PG 5SBOTQPSUBUJPOu 5IF TZN
CPM DBO CF QMBDFE BCPWF CFMPX PS
UP UIF MFGU PS SJHIU PG UIF 5JSF
*EFOUJGJDBUJPO /VNCFS

5XPEJHJU DPEF .BOVGBDUVSFST
JEFOUJGJDBUJPO NBSL

5XPEJHJU DPEF 5JSF TJ[F

5ISFFEJHJU DPEF 5JSF UZQF DPEF
0QUJPOBM

5ISFFEJHJU DPEF %BUF PG .BOV
GBDUVSF

'PVS OVNCFST SFQSFTFOU UIF XFFL
BOE ZFBS UIF UJSF XBT CVJMU 'PS
FYBNQMF UIF OVNCFST 
NFBOT UIF TU XFFL PG  *G
UIFTF OVNCFST BSF NJTTJOH UIFO
MPPL PO UIF PUIFS TJEFXBMM PG UIF
UJSF
*
5JSF QMZ DPNQPTJUJPO BOE NBUFSJBM
5IF OVNCFS PG MBZFST PS QMJFT PG
SVCCFSDPBUFE GBCSJD JO UIF UJSF
5JSF NBOVGBDUVSFST BMTP NVTU JOEJ
DBUF UIF NBUFSJBMT JO UIF UJSF XIJDI
JODMVEF TUFFM OZMPO QPMZFTUFS BOE
PUIFST
*
.BYJNVN QFSNJTTJCMF JOGMBUJPO
QSFTTVSF
5IJT OVNCFS JT UIF HSFBUFTU BNPVOU
PG BJS QSFTTVSF UIBU TIPVME CF QVU JO
UIF UJSF %P OPU FYDFFE UIF NBYJNVN
QFSNJTTJCMF JOGMBUJPO QSFTTVSF
*
.BYJNVN MPBE SBUJOH
5IJT OVNCFS JOEJDBUFT UIF NBYJNVN
MPBE JO LJMPHSBNT BOE QPVOET UIBU
DBO CF DBSSJFE CZ UIF UJSF 8IFO
SFQMBDJOH UIF UJSFT PO UIF WFIJDMF
BMXBZT VTF B UJSF UIBU IBT UIF TBNF
MPBE SBUJOH BT UIF GBDUPSZ JOTUBMMFE
UJSF
*
5FSN PG gUVCFMFTTu PS gUVCF UZQFu
*OEJDBUFT XIFUIFS UIF UJSF SFRVJSFT BO
JOOFS UVCF gUVCF UZQFu PS OPU
gUVCFMFTTu
*
5IF XPSE gSBEJBMu
5IF XPSE gSBEJBMu JT TIPXO JG UIF UJSF
IBT SBEJBM TUSVDUVSF
*
.BOVGBDUVSFS PS CSBOE OBNF
.BOVGBDUVSFS PS CSBOE OBNF JT
TIPXO
0UIFS UJSFSFMBUFE UFSNJOPMPHZ
*O BEEJUJPO UP UIF NBOZ UFSNT UIBU
BSF EFGJOFE UISPVHIPVU UIJT TFDUJPO
.BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG 
background
 .BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG
*OUFOEFE 0VUCPBSE 4JEFXBMM JT  UIF
TJEFXBMM UIBU DPOUBJOT B XIJUFXBMM
CFBST XIJUF MFUUFSJOH PS CFBST NBOV
GBDUVSFS CSBOE BOEPS NPEFM OBNF
NPMEJOH UIBU JT IJHIFS PS EFFQFS UIBO
UIF TBNF NPMEJOH PO UIF PUIFS TJEF
XBMM PG UIF UJSF PS  UIF PVUXBSE
GBDJOH TJEFXBMM PG BO BTZNNFUSJDBM
UJSF UIBU IBT B QBSUJDVMBS TJEF UIBU
NVTU BMXBZT GBDF PVUXBSE XIFO
NPVOUFE PO B WFIJDMF
5:1&4 0' 5*3&4
8"3/*/(
. 8IFO DIBOHJOH PS SFQMBDJOH UJSFT CF
TVSF BMM GPVS UJSFT BSF PG UIF TBNF UZQF
&YBNQMF 4VNNFS "MM 4FBTPO PS 4OPX
BOE DPOTUSVDUJPO "O */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
NBZ CF BCMF UP IFMQ ZPV XJUI JOGPSNBUJPO
BCPVU UJSF UZQF TJ[F TQFFE SBUJOH BOE
BWBJMBCJMJUZ
. 3FQMBDFNFOU UJSFT NBZ IBWF B MPXFS
TQFFE SBUJOH UIBO UIF GBDUPSZ FRVJQQFE
UJSFT BOE NBZ OPU NBUDI UIF QPUFOUJBM
NBYJNVN WFIJDMF TQFFE /FWFS FYDFFE
UIF NBYJNVN TQFFE SBUJOH PG UIF UJSF
. 3FQMBDJOH UJSFT XJUI UIPTF OPU PSJHJOBMMZ
TQFDJGJFE CZ */'*/*5* DPVME BGGFDU UIF
QSPQFS PQFSBUJPO PG UIF 51.4
. 'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO SFHBSEJOH
UJSFT SFGFS UP g*NQPSUBOU 5JSF 4BGFUZ
*OGPSNBUJPOu 64 PS g5JSF 4BGFUZ *OGPS
NBUJPOu $BOBEB JO UIF 8BSSBOUZ *OGPS
NBUJPO #PPLMFU
"MM TFBTPO UJSFT
*/'*/*5* TQFDJGJFT BMM TFBTPO UJSFT PO TPNF
NPEFMT UP QSPWJEF HPPE QFSGPSNBODF BMM
ZFBS JODMVEJOH TOPXZ BOE JDZ SPBE DPOEJ
UJPOT "MM 4FBTPO UJSFT BSF JEFOUJGJFE CZ "--
4&"40/ BOEPS .4 .VE BOE 4OPX PO
UIF UJSF TJEFXBMM 4OPX UJSFT IBWF CFUUFS
TOPX USBDUJPO UIBO "MM 4FBTPO UJSFT BOE
NBZ CF NPSF BQQSPQSJBUF JO TPNF BSFBT
4VNNFS UJSFT
*/'*/*5* TQFDJGJFT TVNNFS UJSFT PO TPNF
NPEFMT UP QSPWJEF TVQFSJPS QFSGPSNBODF PO
ESZ SPBET 4VNNFS UJSF QFSGPSNBODF JT
TVCTUBOUJBMMZ SFEVDFE JO TOPX BOE JDF
4VNNFS UJSFT EP OPU IBWF UIF UJSF USBDUJPO
SBUJOH .4 PO UIF UJSF TJEFXBMM
*G ZPV QMBO UP PQFSBUF ZPVS WFIJDMF JO TOPXZ
PS JDZ DPOEJUJPOT */'*/*5* SFDPNNFOET UIF
VTF PG 4/08 UJSFT PS "-- 4&"40/ UJSFT PO
BMM GPVS XIFFMT
4OPX UJSFT
*G TOPX UJSFT BSF OFFEFE JU JT OFDFTTBSZ UP
TFMFDU UJSFT FRVJWBMFOU JO TJ[F BOE MPBE
SBUJOH UP UIF PSJHJOBM FRVJQNFOU UJSFT *G
ZPV EP OPU JU DBO BEWFSTFMZ BGGFDU UIF
TBGFUZ BOE IBOEMJOH PG ZPVS WFIJDMF
(FOFSBMMZ TOPX UJSFT XJMM IBWF MPXFS TQFFE
SBUJOHT UIBO GBDUPSZ FRVJQQFE UJSFT BOE
NBZ OPU NBUDI UIF QPUFOUJBM NBYJNVN
WFIJDMF TQFFE /FWFS FYDFFE UIF NBYJNVN
TQFFE SBUJOH PG UIF UJSF
*G ZPV JOTUBMM TOPX UJSFT UIFZ NVTU CF UIF
TBNF TJ[F CSBOE DPOTUSVDUJPO BOE USFBE
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IBOEMJOH BOE UJSF MJGF &WFO XJUI SFHVMBS
VTF XIFFMT DBO HFU PVU PG CBMBODF 5IFSF
GPSF UIFZ TIPVME CF CBMBODFE BT SFRVJSFE
8IFFM CBMBODF TFSWJDF TIPVME CF QFS
GPSNFE XJUI UIF XIFFMT PGG UIF WFIJDMF
4QJO CBMBODJOH UIF XIFFMT PO UIF WFIJDMF
DPVME MFBE UP NFDIBOJDBM EBNBHF
'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO SFHBSEJOH UJSFT
SFGFS UP g*NQPSUBOU 5JSF 4BGFUZ *OGPSNBUJPOu
64 PS g5JSF 4BGFUZ *OGPSNBUJPOu $BOBEB
JO UIF */'*/*5* 8BSSBOUZ *OGPSNBUJPO #PPL
MFU
$BSF PG XIFFMT
4FF g$MFBOJOH FYUFSJPSu 1 GPS EFUBJMT
BCPVU DBSF PG UIF XIFFMT
4QBSF UJSF 5&.103"3: 64& 0/-:
5UZQF TQBSF UJSF JG TP FRVJQQFE
8IFO B TQBSF UJSF JT NPVOUFE 5&.103"3:
64& 0/-: UIF 5JSF 1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH
4ZTUFN 51.4 XJMM OPU GVODUJPO
0CTFSWF UIF GPMMPXJOH QSFDBVUJPOT JG UIF
5&.103"3: 64& 0/-: TQBSF UJSF NVTU CF
VTFE PUIFSXJTF ZPVS WFIJDMF DPVME CF
EBNBHFE PS JOWPMWFE JO BO BDDJEFOU
8"3/*/(
. 5IF 5&.103"3: 64& 0/-: TQBSF UJSF
TIPVME CF VTFE GPS FNFSHFODZ VTF *U
TIPVME CF SFQMBDFE XJUI UIF TUBOEBSE
UJSF BU UIF GJSTU PQQPSUVOJUZ UP BWPJE
QPTTJCMF UJSF PS EJGGFSFOUJBM EBNBHF
. %SJWF DBSFGVMMZ XIJMF UIF 5&.103"3:
64& 0/-: TQBSF UJSF JT JOTUBMMFE "WPJE
TIBSQ UVSOT BOE BCSVQU CSBLJOH XIJMF
ESJWJOH
. 1FSJPEJDBMMZ DIFDL TQBSF UJSF JOGMBUJPO
QSFTTVSF "MXBZT LFFQ UIF QSFTTVSF PG
UIF 5&.103"3: 64& 0/-: TQBSF UJSF BU
 QTJ  L1B  CBS "MXBZT LFFQ
UIF QSFTTVSF PG UIF GVMM TJ[F TQBSF UJSF JG
TP FRVJQQFE BU UIF SFDPNNFOEFE QSFT
TVSF GPS TUBOEBSE UJSFT BT JOEJDBUFE PO
UIF 5JSF BOE -PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO MBCFM
'PS 5JSF BOE -PBEJOH *OGPSNBUJPO MBCFM
MPDBUJPO TFF g5JSF BOE MPBEJOH JOGPSNB
UJPO MBCFMu 1
. 8JUI UIF 5&.103"3: 64& 0/-: TQBSF
UJSF JOTUBMMFE EP OPU ESJWF ZPVS WFIJDMF BU
TQFFET GBTUFS UIBO  .1)  LNI
. 8IFO ESJWJOH PO SPBET DPWFSFE XJUI
TOPX PS JDF UIF 5&.103"3: 64& 0/-:
TQBSF UJSF TIPVME CF VTFE PO UIF GSPOU
XIFFMT BOE PSJHJOBM UJSF VTFE PO UIF SFBS
XIFFMT ESJWF XIFFMT 6TF UJSF DIBJOT
POMZ PO UIF UXP SFBS PSJHJOBM UJSFT
. 5JSF USFBE PG UIF 5&.103"3: 64& 0/-:
TQBSF UJSF XJMM XFBS BU B GBTUFS SBUF UIBO
UIF TUBOEBSE UJSF 3FQMBDF UIF TQBSF UJSF
BT TPPO BT UIF USFBE XFBS JOEJDBUPST
BQQFBS
. %P OPU VTF UIF TQBSF UJSF PO PUIFS
WFIJDMFT
. %P OPU VTF NPSF UIBO POF TQBSF UJSF BU
UIF TBNF UJNF
$"65*0/
. %P OPU VTF UJSF DIBJOT PO B 5&.103"3:
64& 0/-: TQBSF UJSF 5JSF DIBJOT XJMM OPU
background
GJU QSPQFSMZ BOE NBZ DBVTF EBNBHF UP
UIF WFIJDMF
. #FDBVTF UIF 5&.103"3: 64& 0/-:
TQBSF UJSF JT TNBMMFS UIBO UIF PSJHJOBM
UJSF HSPVOE DMFBSBODF JT SFEVDFE 5P
BWPJE EBNBHF UP UIF WFIJDMF EP OPU
ESJWF PWFS PCTUBDMFT "MTP EP OPU ESJWF
UIF WFIJDMF UISPVHI BO BVUPNBUJD DBS
XBTI TJODF JU NBZ HFU DBVHIU
.BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG 
background
 .BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMG
.&.0
background
5FDIOJDBM BOE DPOTVNFS JOGPSNBUJPO
$BQBDJUJFT BOE SFDPNNFOEFE GMVJETMVCSJDBOUT 
'VFM JOGPSNBUJPO 
&OHJOF PJM BOE PJM GJMUFS SFDPNNFOEBUJPO  
"JS DPOEJUJPOJOH TZTUFN SFGSJHFSBOU BOE
MVCSJDBOU SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT 
4QFDJGJDBUJPOT 
&OHJOF  
8IFFMT BOE UJSFT 
%JNFOTJPOT 
8IFO USBWFMJOH PS SFHJTUFSJOH ZPVS WFIJDMF JO
BOPUIFS DPVOUSZ 
7FIJDMF JEFOUJGJDBUJPO 
7FIJDMF *EFOUJGJDBUJPO /VNCFS 7*/ QMBUF 
7FIJDMF JEFOUJGJDBUJPO OVNCFS
DIBTTJT OVNCFS 
&OHJOF TFSJBM OVNCFS  
'.744$.744 DFSUJGJDBUJPO MBCFM  
&NJTTJPO DPOUSPM JOGPSNBUJPO MBCFM  
5JSF BOE MPBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO MBCFM 
"JS DPOEJUJPOFS TQFDJGJDBUJPO MBCFM  
*OTUBMMJOH GSPOU MJDFOTF QMBUF  
3FNPWJOH BJS EFGMFDUPST  
7FIJDMF MPBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO  
5FSNT  
7FIJDMF MPBE DBQBDJUZ 
-PBEJOH UJQT  
.FBTVSFNFOU PG XFJHIUT  
5PXJOH B USBJMFS 
'MBU UPXJOH  
6OJGPSN UJSF RVBMJUZ HSBEJOH  
5SFBEXFBS  
5SBDUJPO "" " # BOE $ 
5FNQFSBUVSF " # BOE $  
&NJTTJPO DPOUSPM TZTUFN XBSSBOUZ 
3FQPSUJOH TBGFUZ EFGFDUT  
3FBEJOFTT GPS *OTQFDUJPO.BJOUFOBODF *.
UFTU 64 POMZ
&WFOU %BUB 3FDPSEFST &%3 
0XOFST .BOVBM4FSWJDF .BOVBM
PSEFS JOGPSNBUJPO 
background
 5FDIOJDBM BOE DPOTVNFS JOGPSNBUJPO
5IF GPMMPXJOH BSF BQQSPYJNBUF DBQBDJUJFT 5IF BDUVBM SFGJMM DBQBDJUJFT NBZ CF B MJUUMF EJGGFSFOU 8IFO SFGJMMJOH GPMMPX UIF QSPDFEVSF
JOTUSVDUFE JO UIF g .BJOUFOBODF BOE EPJUZPVSTFMGu TFDUJPO UP EFUFSNJOF UIF QSPQFS SFGJMM DBQBDJUZ
$BQBDJUZ "QQSPYJNBUF
3FDPNNFOEFE 'MVJET BOE -VCSJDBOUT
64 NFBTVSF *NQ NFBTVSF -JUFS
'VFM  HBM  HBM 
4FF g'VFM JOGPSNBUJPOu 1
&OHJOF PJM
%SBJO BOE SFGJMM
 'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO TFF g&OHJOF PJMu 1

8JUI PJM GJMUFS
DIBOHF
 RU  RU 
. (FOVJOF /*44"/ FOHJOF PJM PS FRVJWBMFOU
*/'*/*5* SFDPNNFOET (FOVJOF /*44"/ &TUFS &OHJOF 0JM BWBJMBCMF BU
ZPVS */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS
. &OHJOF PJM XJUI "1* $FSUJGJDBUJPO .BSL 7JTDPTJUZ 4"& 8
 'PS BEEJUJPOBM JOGPSNBUJPO TFF g&OHJOF PJM BOE PJM GJMUFS SFDPN
NFOEBUJPOu 1
8JUIPVU PJM GJMUFS
DIBOHF
 RU  RU 
$PPMJOH TZTUFN
8JUI SFTFSWPJS
1SFTTVSJ[FE SBEJBUPS
SFTFSWPJS UBOL
 RU  RU 
. 1SFEJMVUFE (FOVJOF /*44"/ -POH -JGF "OUJGSFF[F$PPMBOU CMVF PS
FRVJWBMFOU
/POQSFTTVSJ[FE SB
EJBUPS SFTFSWPJS
UBOL
 RU  RU 
3FTFSWPJS
1SFTTVSJ[FE SBEJBUPS
SFTFSWPJS UBOL
RU  RU 
/POQSFTTVSJ[FE SB
EJBUPS SFTFSWPJS
UBOL
 RU  RU 
"VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO GMVJE
. (FOVJOF /*44"/ .BUJD 4 "5'
6TJOH BVUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO GMVJE PUIFS UIBO (FOVJOF /*44"/ .BUJD 4
"5' XJMM DBVTF EFUFSJPSBUJPO JO ESJWFBCJMJUZ BOE BVUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO
EVSBCJMJUZ BOE NBZ EBNBHF UIF BVUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO XIJDI JT OPU
DPWFSFE CZ UIF */'*/*5* OFX WFIJDMF MJNJUFE XBSSBOUZ
%JGGFSFOUJBM HFBS PJM
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GJMUFS PUIFS UIBO UIF TQFDJGJFE RVBMJUZ PS PJM
BOE GJMUFS DIBOHF JOUFSWBMT MPOHFS UIBO
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PDDVST OP EBUB BSF SFDPSEFE CZ UIF &%3
VOEFS OPSNBM ESJWJOH DPOEJUJPOT BOE OP
QFSTPOBM EBUB FH OBNF HFOEFS BHF BOE
DSBTI MPDBUJPO BSF SFDPSEFE )PXFWFS
PUIFS QBSUJFT TVDI BT MBX FOGPSDFNFOU
DPVME DPNCJOF UIF &%3 EBUB XJUI UIF UZQF
PG QFSTPOBMMZ JEFOUJGZJOH EBUB SPVUJOFMZ
BDRVJSFE EVSJOH B DSBTI JOWFTUJHBUJPO
5P SFBE EBUB SFDPSEFE CZ BO &%3 TQFDJBM
FRVJQNFOU JT SFRVJSFE BOE BDDFTT UP UIF
WFIJDMF PS UIF &%3 JT OFFEFE *O BEEJUJPO UP
UIF WFIJDMF NBOVGBDUVSFS BOE */'*/*5*
SFUBJMFS PUIFS QBSUJFT TVDI BT MBX FOGPSDF
NFOU UIBU IBWF UIF TQFDJBM FRVJQNFOU DBO
SFBE UIF JOGPSNBUJPO JG UIFZ IBWF BDDFTT UP
UIF WFIJDMF PS UIF &%3 &%3 EBUB XJMM POMZ
CF BDDFTTFE XJUI UIF DPOTFOU PG UIF WFIJDMF
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TPVSDF PG TFSWJDF BOE SFQBJS JOGPSNBUJPO GPS
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VTFE CZ UIF GBDUPSZUSBJOFE UFDIOJDJBOT
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4FSWJDF .BOVBM PS 0XOFST .BOVBM GPS UIJT
NPEFM ZFBS BOE QSJPS DPOUBDU BO */'*/*5*
SFUBJMFS 'PS UIF QIPOF OVNCFS BOE MPDBUJPO
PG BO */'*/*5* SFUBJMFS JO ZPVS BSFB DBMM UIF
*/'*/*5* 4BUJTGBDUJPO $FOUFS BU 
 BOE B CJMJOHVBM */'*/*5* SFQSFTFOUB
UJWF XJMM BTTJTU ZPV
5FDIOJDBM BOE DPOTVNFS JOGPSNBUJPO 
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"
"#4 "OUJMPDL #SBLJOH 4ZTUFN 
"DUJWF -BOF $POUSPM  
"DUJWF USBDF DPOUSPM  
"JS CBH TZTUFN
'SPOUTFBU NPVOUFE TJEFJNQBDU
TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH TZTUFN  
3PPGNPVOUFE DVSUBJO TJEFJNQBDU
TVQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH TZTUFN  
"JS CBH XBSOJOH MBCFMT  
"JS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU   
"JS DMFBOFS IPVTJOH GJMUFS 
"JS DPOEJUJPOFS
"JS DPOEJUJPOFS TQFDJGJDBUJPO MBCFM  
"JS DPOEJUJPOJOH TZTUFN SFGSJHFSBOU BOE
MVCSJDBOU SFDPNNFOEBUJPOT 
"JS EFGMFDUPST  
"MBSN
)PX UP TUPQ BMBSN TFF WFIJDMF
TFDVSJUZ TZTUFN 
"MDPIPM ESVHT BOE ESJWJOH  
"OUFOOB  
"OUJMPDL #SBLJOH 4ZTUFN "#4 
"QQFBSBODF DBSF
&YUFSJPS BQQFBSBODF DBSF 
*OUFSJPS BQQFBSBODF DBSF  
"SNSFTU  
"TIUSBZT  
"VEJCMF SFNJOEFST  
"VUPMJHIU TZTUFN 
"VUPNBUJD
"VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO GMVJE "5'  
%SJWJOH XJUI BVUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO  
"VUPNBUJD EPPS MPDLT  
"VUPNBUJD ESJWF QPTJUJPOFS  
"VUPNBUJD TFBU QPTJUJPOFS  
"WFSBHF TQFFE  
"WPJEJOH DPMMJTJPO BOE SPMMPWFS  
#
#BDLVQ $PMMJTJPO *OUFSWFOUJPO #$* TZTUFN 
#BUUFSZ 
#BUUFSZ SFQMBDFNFOU *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ 
#BUUFSZ TBWFS TZTUFN  
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ 
7BSJBCMF WPMUBHF DPOUSPM TZTUFN  
#FGPSF TUBSUJOH UIF FOHJOF  
#FMUT 4FF ESJWF CFMUT 
#MJOE 4QPU 8BSOJOH #48 TZTUFN#MJOE 4QPU
*OUFSWFOUJPO
Ë
#4* TZTUFN  
#SBLF
"OUJMPDL #SBLJOH 4ZTUFN "#4 
#SBLF GMVJE  
#SBLF GPSDF EJTUSJCVUJPO  
#SBLF TZTUFN  
1BSLJOH CSBLF PQFSBUJPO 
#SBLF XBSOJOH MJHIU  
#SFBLJO TDIFEVMF  
#VMC DIFDLJOTUSVNFOU QBOFM  
#VMC SFQMBDFNFOU 
$
$BQBDJUJFT BOE SFDPNNFOEFE GMVJETMVCSJDBOUT  
$BS QIPOF PS $# SBEJP  
$BSE IPMEFS 
$BUBMZUJD DPOWFSUFS
5ISFFXBZ DBUBMZTU  
$IBTTJT DPOUSPM  
$IFDL UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH 
$IJME SFTUSBJOUT  
-"5$) TZTUFN  
1SFDBVUJPOT PO DIJME SFTUSBJOUT 
$IJME TBGFUZ  
$IJME TBGFUZ SFBS EPPS MPDL  
$IJNFT
"VEJCMF SFNJOEFST  
4FBU CFMU XBSOJOH MJHIU BOE DIJNF 
$JSDVJU CSFBLFS
'VTJCMF MJOL 
$MFBOJOH FYUFSJPS BOE JOUFSJPS  
$MPDL  
$PBU IPPLT  
$PDLQJU  
$PME XFBUIFS ESJWJOH 
$PNQBDU TQBSF UJSF  
$PNQBTT 
$POTPMF CPY 
background

$PPMBOU
$BQBDJUJFT BOE
SFDPNNFOEFE GMVJETMVCSJDBOUT 
$IBOHJOH FOHJOF DPPMBOU  
$IFDLJOH FOHJOF DPPMBOU MFWFM 
$PSSPTJPO QSPUFDUJPO  
$PVSUFTZ MJHIU  
$SVJTF DPOUSPM  
'JYFE TQFFE DSVJTF DPOUSPM PO *$$ TZTUFN 
*OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$ TZTUFN 
$SVJTF JOEJDBUPS  
$VQ IPMEFST  
$VSSFOU GVFM DPOTVNQUJPO 
%
%BZUJNF SVOOJOH MJHIU TZTUFN  
%FGSPTUFS TXJUDI
3FBS XJOEPX BOE PVUTJEF NJSSPS
EFGSPTUFS TXJUDI  
%JNFOTJPOT 
%JSFDU "EBQUJWF 4UFFSJOH  
%JTUBODF $POUSPM "TTJTU %$" TZTUFN  
%JTUBODF UP FNQUZ 
%SJWF CFMUT  
%SJWF QPTJUJPOFS  
%SJWFS BTTJTU TZTUFN JOEJDBUPS  
%SJWJOH
$PME XFBUIFS ESJWJOH 
%SJWJOH XJUI BVUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO  
1SFDBVUJPOT XIFO TUBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH  
&
&$0 ESJWF JOEJDBUPS MJHIU  
&$0 NPEF 
&$0 QFEBM TZTUFN  
&DPOPNZ
'VFM  
&MBQTFE UJNF 
&MBQTFE UJNF BOE USJQ PEPNFUFS  
&NJTTJPO DPOUSPM JOGPSNBUJPO MBCFM  
&NJTTJPO DPOUSPM TZTUFN XBSSBOUZ  
&OHJOF
#FGPSF TUBSUJOH UIF FOHJOF  
#SFBLJO TDIFEVMF  
$BQBDJUJFT BOE
SFDPNNFOEFE GMVJETMVCSJDBOUT 
$IBOHJOH FOHJOF DPPMBOU  
$IBOHJOH FOHJOF PJM BOE GJMUFS  
$IFDLJOH FOHJOF DPPMBOU MFWFM 
$IFDLJOH FOHJOF PJM MFWFM  
$PPMBOU UFNQFSBUVSF HBVHF 
&NFSHFODZ FOHJOF TIVU PGG 
&OHJOF CMPDL IFBUFS  
&OHJOF DPNQBSUNFOU DIFDL MPDBUJPOT  
&OHJOF DPPMJOH TZTUFN  
&OHJOF PJM  
&OHJOF PJM BOE GJMUFS SFQMBDFNFOU JOEJDBUPS 
&OHJOF PJM BOE PJM GJMUFS SFDPNNFOEBUJPO  
&OHJOF PJM WJTDPTJUZ  
&OHJOF TFSJBM OVNCFS  
&OHJOF TQFDJGJDBUJPOT  
&OHJOF TUBSU PQFSBUJPO JOEJDBUPS 
*G ZPVS WFIJDMF PWFSIFBUT 
4UBSUJOH UIF FOHJOF  
&OHJOF DPPMBOU UFNQFSBUVSF HBVHF  
&OUSZFYJU GVODUJPO
"VUPNBUJD ESJWF QPTJUJPOFS  
&WFOU %BUB 3FDPSEFST &%3  
&YIBVTU HBT DBSCPO NPOPYJEF  
'
'.744$.744 DFSUJGJDBUJPO MBCFM  
'JMUFS
"JS DMFBOFS IPVTJOH GJMUFS 
$IBOHJOH FOHJOF PJM BOE GJMUFS  
'MBTIFST 4FF IB[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFS TXJUDI  
'MBU UJSF  
'MBU 5JSF 7JTJU EFBMFS XBSOJOH 
'MBU UPXJOH 
'MPPS NBU DMFBOJOH  
'MPPS NBU QPTJUJPOJOH BJE  
'MVJE
"VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO GMVJE "5'  
#SBLF GMVJE  
$BQBDJUJFT BOE
SFDPNNFOEFE GMVJETMVCSJDBOUT 
&OHJOF DPPMBOU  
&OHJOF PJM  
1PXFS TUFFSJOH GMVJE 
8JOEPX XBTIFS GMVJE  
'PH MJHIU TXJUDI  
'PSXBSE FNFSHFODZ CSBLJOH TZTUFN  
background
'PSXBSE FNFSHFODZ CSBLJOH TZTUFN
XBSOJOH MJHIU  
'SPOU QBTTFOHFS BJS CBH BOE TUBUVT MJHIU  
'SPOU QPXFS TFBU BEKVTUNFOU 
'SPOU TFBU
'SPOU TFBU BEKVTUNFOU  
'VFM
$BQBDJUJFT BOE
SFDPNNFOEFE GMVJETMVCSJDBOUT 
'VFM FDPOPNZ 
'VFM JOGPSNBUJPO 
'VFM PDUBOF SBUJOH  
'VFMGJMMFS DBQ 
'VFMGJMMFS EPPS  
(BVHF 
'VFM &GGJDJFOU %SJWJOH 5JQT  
'VTFT 
'VTJCMF MJOLT  
(
(BSBHF EPPS PQFOFS
)PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJWFSTBM 5SBOTDFJWFS 
(BT DBQ  
(BVHF 
&OHJOF DPPMBOU UFNQFSBUVSF HBVHF  
'VFM HBVHF  
0EPNFUFS  
4QFFEPNFUFS  
5BDIPNFUFS  
5SJQ DPNQVUFS  
(FOFSBM NBJOUFOBODF  
(MPWF CPY  
)
)B[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFS TXJUDI  
)FBE SFTUSBJOUTIFBESFTUT  
)FBEMJHIUT
"JNJOH DPOUSPM 4FF "EBQUJWF 'SPOU MJHIUJOH
4ZTUFN "'4  
)FBEMJHIU TXJUDI  
)FBUFE TFBUT  
)FBUFS
&OHJOF CMPDL IFBUFS  
)JHI CFBN BTTJTU  
)JMM TUBSU BTTJTU TZTUFN  
)PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJWFSTBM 5SBOTDFJWFS 
)PPE SFMFBTF  
)PPL
$PBU IPPLT  
5SVOL IPPLT 
)PSO  
*
*HOJUJPO TXJUDI
1VTICVUUPO 
"VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO NPEFMT  
*NNPCJMJ[FS TZTUFN 
*OEJDBUPS
-JHIUT  
7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ  
*OEJDBUPS MJHIUT  
*OEJDBUPST GPS PQFSBUJPO WFIJDMF
JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ  
*/'*/*5* %SJWF .PEF 4FMFDUPS  
*OGJOJUJ *O5PVDI 0XOFST .BOVBM  
*/'*/*5* 7FIJDMF *NNPCJMJ[FS 4ZTUFN  
&OHJOF TUBSU  
*OTJEF NJSSPS  
*OTQFDUJPONBJOUFOBODF *. UFTU  
*OTUSVNFOU CSJHIUOFTT DPOUSPM  
*OTUSVNFOU QBOFM  
*OUFMMJHFOU "MM8IFFM %SJWF "8% 
*OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$ TZTUFN 
*OUFMMJHFOU $SVJTF $POUSPM *$$ TZTUFN
0/ JOEJDBUPS  
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ 
*OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN 
#BUUFSZ SFQMBDFNFOU 
,FZ PQFSBUJOH SBOHF 
,FZ PQFSBUJPO  
8BSOJOH TJHOBMT  
*OUFSJPS MJHIU DPOUSPM TXJUDI  
*OUFSJPS MJHIU SFQMBDFNFOU 
*OUFSJPS MJHIUT  
*OUFSJPS USVOL MJE SFMFBTF  
*40'*9 DIJME SFTUSBJOU  
+
+VNQ TUBSUJOH  

background

,
,FZMFTT FOUSZ 4FF SFNPUF LFZMFTT
FOUSZ TZTUFN 
,FZT  
'PS *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN  
-
-BCFMT
"JS CBH XBSOJOH MBCFMT  
"JS DPOEJUJPOFS TQFDJGJDBUJPO MBCFM  
&NJTTJPO DPOUSPM JOGPSNBUJPO MBCFM  
&OHJOF TFSJBM OVNCFS  
'.744$.744 DFSUJGJDBUJPO MBCFM  
5JSF BOE -PBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO MBCFM  
7FIJDMF JEFOUJGJDBUJPO OVNCFS 7*/  
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 1SFWFOUJPO -%1 TZTUFN  
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 8BSOJOH -%8 TZTUFN 
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 8BSOJOH -%8 TZTUFN
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 1SFWFOUJPO -%1 TZTUFN  
-"5$) TZTUFN  
-JDFOTF QMBUF
*OTUBMMJOH GSPOU MJDFOTF QMBUF  
-JHIU
"JS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU  
#VMC SFQMBDFNFOU 
'PH MJHIU TXJUDI  
)FBEMJHIU TXJUDI  
*OEJDBUPS MJHIUT  
*OUFSJPS MJHIU DPOUSPM TXJUDI  
*OUFSJPS MJHIUT  
.BQ MJHIUT  
1FSTPOBM MJHIUT 
3FQMBDFNFOU 
5SVOL MJHIU  
7BOJUZ NJSSPS MJHIUT  
8BSOJOHJOEJDBUPS MJHIUT BOE
BVEJCMF SFNJOEFST 
-JHIUT
&YUFSJPS BOE JOUFSJPS MJHIU SFQMBDFNFOU  
-PBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO 4FF WFIJDMF
MPBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO  
-PDL
"VUPNBUJD EPPS MPDLT  
%PPS MPDLT  
1PXFS EPPS MPDL 
5SVOL MJE  
-PDLJOH XJUI NFDIBOJDBM LFZ 
-PHJO GVODUJPO 
-PPTF 'VFM $BQ XBSOJOH   
-PX GVFM XBSOJOH MJHIU  
-PX PVUTJEF UFNQFSBUVSF XBSOJOH  
-PX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH MJHIU 
-PX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH TZTUFN
4FF 5JSF 1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH
4ZTUFN 51.4   
.
.BJOUFOBODF
#BUUFSZ 
(FOFSBM NBJOUFOBODF  
*OEJDBUPST GPS NBJOUFOBODF WFIJDMF
JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ  
*OTJEF UIF WFIJDMF  
.BJOUFOBODF QSFDBVUJPOT  
.BJOUFOBODF SFRVJSFNFOUT 
0VUTJEF UIF WFIJDMF 
4FBU CFMU NBJOUFOBODF  
6OEFS UIF IPPE BOE WFIJDMF  
.BMGVODUJPO JOEJDBUPS MJHIU .*-  
.BQ MJHIUT  
.BTUFS XBSOJOH MJHIU 
.FDIBOJDBM LFZ *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN  
.FNPSZ TUPSBHF
"VUPNBUJD ESJWF QPTJUJPOFS  
.FUFS
5SJQ DPNQVUFS  
.FUFST BOE HBVHFT  
*OTUSVNFOU CSJHIUOFTT DPOUSPM  
.JSSPS
*OTJEF NJSSPS  
0VUTJEF NJSSPST 
7BOJUZ NJSSPS 
.PPOSPPG 
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/"7* 4IJGU $POUSPM  
/FX WFIJDMF CSFBLJO 
0
0EPNFUFS  
0GGSPBE SFDPWFSZ  
background
0JM
$BQBDJUJFT BOE
SFDPNNFOEFE GMVJETMVCSJDBOUT 
$IBOHJOH FOHJOF PJM BOE GJMUFS  
$IFDLJOH FOHJOF PJM MFWFM  
&OHJOF PJM  
&OHJOF PJM WJTDPTJUZ  
0OF UPVDI VOMPDL TFOTPS 4FF *OUFMMJHFOU
,FZ TZTUFN  
0QFSBUJPO
*OEJDBUPST GPS PQFSBUJPO  
0VUTJEF BJS UFNQFSBUVSF  
0VUTJEF NJSSPST 
0WFSIFBU *G ZPVS WFIJDMF PWFSIFBUT  
0XOFST .BOVBM4FSWJDF .BOVBM
PSEFS JOGPSNBUJPO 
1
1BOJD BMBSN  
1BSLJOH
1BSLJOH CSBLF PQFSBUJPO 
1BSLJOH PO IJMMT  
1BSLJOH CSBLF CSFBLJO 
1FSTPOBM MJHIUT 
1&340/"- NPEF 
1IPOF
$BS QIPOF PS $# SBEJP  
1PXFS
1PXFS EPPS MPDL 
1PXFS PVUMFU  
1PXFS TUFFSJOH GMVJE 
1PXFS TUFFSJOH TZTUFN 
1PXFS XJOEPXT  
1PXFS NPPOSPPG  
1PXFS TUFFSJOH XBSOJOH MJHIU  
1SFDBVUJPOT
#SBLJOH QSFDBVUJPOT  
$IJME SFTUSBJOUT  
$SVJTF DPOUSPM  
.BJOUFOBODF  
4FBU CFMU VTBHF  
4VQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
8IFO TUBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH 
1SFDSBTI TFBU CFMUT XJUI DPNGPSU GVODUJPO  
1SFEJDUJWF GPSXBSE DPMMJTJPO XBSOJOH TZTUFN  
1VTI TUBSUJOH  
1VTICVUUPO JHOJUJPO TXJUDI  
3
3BEJP
$BS QIPOF PS $# SBEJP  
3BJOTFOTJOH BVUP XJQFS TZTUFN 
3BQJE BJS QSFTTVSF MPTT  
3FBEJOFTT GPS JOTQFDUJPONBJOUFOBODF *. UFTU
64 POMZ  
3FBS EPPS MPDL
$IJME TBGFUZ SFBS EPPS MPDL  
3FBS TFBUT  
3FBS XJOEPX BOE PVUTJEF NJSSPS
EFGSPTUFS TXJUDI  
3FDPSEFST
&WFOU EBUB  
3FHJTUFSJOH ZPVS WFIJDMF JO BOPUIFS DPVOUSZ 
3FNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ TZTUFN  
3FQPSUJOH TBGFUZ EFGFDUT  
3FRVFTU TXJUDI 4FF *OUFMMJHFOU ,FZ TZTUFN 
3PBETJEF BTTJTUBODF QSPHSBN  
3PMMPWFS  
3PPG
.PPOSPPG 
3VOGMBU UJSFT  
4
4BGFUZ
$IJME TFBU CFMUT  
3FQPSUJOH TBGFUZ EFGFDUT  
4FBU BEKVTUNFOU
'SPOU QPXFS TFBU BEKVTUNFOU 
'SPOU TFBUT  
4FBU CFMUT
$IJME TBGFUZ  
*OGBOUT  
*OKVSFE QFSTPOT  
-BSHFS DIJMESFO  
1SFDBVUJPOT PO TFBU CFMU VTBHF  
1SFDSBTI TFBU CFMUT XJUI DPNGPSU GVODUJPO 
1SFHOBOU XPNFO  
4FBU CFMU DMFBOJOH 
4FBU CFMU FYUFOEFST 
4FBU CFMU NBJOUFOBODF  
4FBU CFMU XBSOJOH MJHIU BOE DIJNF 
4FBU CFMUT  
4FBU CFMUT XJUI QSFUFOTJPOFST  

background

4IPVMEFS CFMU IFJHIU BEKVTUNFOU 
4NBMM DIJMESFO  
5ISFFQPJOU UZQF  
4FBUT
%SJWFSTJEF NFNPSZ 
)FBUFE TFBUT  
4FBUT  
4FDVSJUZ TZTUFN
7FIJDMF TFDVSJUZ TZTUFN 
4FDVSJUZ TZTUFN */'*/*5* 7FIJDMF *NNPCJMJ[FS
4ZTUFN
&OHJOF TUBSU  
4IJGU MFWFS
4IJGU MPDL SFMFBTF 
4IJGU MPDL SFMFBTF 5SBOTNJTTJPO 
4IJGUJOH
"VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO  
4IPVMEFS CFMU IFJHIU BEKVTUNFOU 
4/08 NPEF  
4QBSF UJSF  
4QBSL QMVHT  
4QFFEPNFUFS  
41035 NPEF  
45"/%"3% NPEF 
4UBSUJOH
#FGPSF TUBSUJOH UIF FOHJOF  
+VNQ TUBSUJOH  
1SFDBVUJPOT XIFO TUBSUJOH BOE ESJWJOH  
1VTI TUBSUJOH  
4UBSUJOH UIF FOHJOF  
4UBUVT MJHIU 'SPOU QBTTFOHFS BJS CBH  
4UFFSJOH
%JSFDU "EBQUJWF 4UFFSJOH  
1PXFS TUFFSJOH GMVJE 
1PXFS TUFFSJOH TZTUFN 
5JMUUFMFTDPQJD TUFFSJOH  
4UPSBHF 
4UPSBHF CPY  
4VO WJTPST  
4VOHMBTTFT IPMEFS  
4VQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MBCFMT  
4VQQMFNFOUBM BJS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU   
4VQQMFNFOUBM SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
1SFDBVUJPOT PO TVQQMFNFOUBM
SFTUSBJOU TZTUFN 
4XJUDI
"VUPMJHIU TXJUDI 
'PH MJHIU TXJUDI  
)B[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFS TXJUDI  
)FBEMJHIU TXJUDI  
*HOJUJPO TXJUDI  
1PXFS EPPS MPDL TXJUDI  
3FBS XJOEPX BOE PVUTJEF NJSSPS
EFGSPTUFS TXJUDI  
5VSO TJHOBM TXJUDI 
7FIJDMF %ZOBNJD $POUSPM 7%$ PGG TXJUDI  
5
5BDIPNFUFS  
5FNQFSBUVSF HBVHF
&OHJOF DPPMBOU UFNQFSBUVSF HBVHF  
5IFGU */'*/*5* 7FIJDMF *NNPCJMJ[FS 4ZTUFN
&OHJOF TUBSU  
5IJHI FYUFOTJPO  
5ISFFXBZ DBUBMZTU  
5JMUUFMFTDPQJD TUFFSJOH  
5JSF
'MBU 5JSF 7JTJU EFBMFS XBSOJOH 
3VOGMBU UJSFT  
5JSF SFQMBDFNFOU JOEJDBUPS 
5JSF SPUBUJPO  
5JSF QSFTTVSF
-PX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH MJHIU 
5JSF 1SFTTVSF -PX "EE "JS XBSOJOH  
5JSFT
'MBU UJSF  
-PX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH TZTUFN    
3VOGMBU UJSFT  
4QBSF UJSF  
5JSF BOE -PBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO MBCFM  
5JSF DIBJOT  
5JSF ESFTTJOH 
5JSF QSFTTVSF  
5JSF 1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH
4ZTUFN 51.4   
5ZQFT PG UJSFT  
6OJGPSN UJSF RVBMJUZ HSBEJOH  
8IFFMUJSF TJ[F  
8IFFMT BOE UJSFT 
5PXJOH
'MBU UPXJOH 
5PX USVDL UPXJOH 
background
5PXJOH B USBJMFS  
51.4
5JSF 1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH 4ZTUFN   
51.4 5JSF QSFTTVSF NPOJUPSJOH TZTUFN
51.4 XJUI 5JSF *OGMBUJPO *OEJDBUPS 
5SBJMFS UPXJOH 
5SBOTDFJWFS
)PNF-JOL
Ë
6OJWFSTBM 5SBOTDFJWFS 
5SBOTNJTTJPO
"VUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO GMVJE "5'  
%SJWJOH XJUI BVUPNBUJD USBOTNJTTJPO  
5SBOTNJTTJPO TIJGU MFWFS MPDL SFMFBTF 
5SBOTNJUUFS 4FF SFNPUF LFZMFTT FOUSZ TZTUFN  
5SBWFMJOH PS SFHJTUFSJOH ZPVS WFIJDMF JO
BOPUIFS DPVOUSZ  
5SJQ DPNQVUFS  
5SJQ PEPNFUFS  
5SVOL
*OUFSJPS USVOL MJE SFMFBTF  
-JHIU  
1BTTUISPVHI  
5SVOL IPPLT 
5SVOL MJE  
5SVOL MJE SFMFBTF TXJUDI  
5SVOL PQFO SFRVFTU TXJUDI  
5SVOL SFMFBTF QPXFS DBODFM TXJUDI  
5VSO TJHOBM TXJUDI 
6
6OEFSCPEZ DMFBOJOH  
6OJGPSN UJSF RVBMJUZ HSBEJOH  
7
7BOJUZ NJSSPS 
7BOJUZ NJSSPS MJHIUT  
7BSJBCMF WPMUBHF DPOUSPM TZTUFN  
7FIJDMF
%JNFOTJPOT 
3FDPWFSZ GSFFJOH B TUVDL WFIJDMF  
7FIJDMF %ZOBNJD $POUSPM 7%$ PGG TXJUDI  
7FIJDMF EZOBNJD DPOUSPM 7%$ TZTUFN 
7FIJDMF %ZOBNJD $POUSPM 7%$
XBSOJOH MJHIU  
7FIJDMF JEFOUJGJDBUJPO OVNCFS 7*/  
7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ  
7FIJDMF MPBEJOH JOGPSNBUJPO  
7FIJDMF TFDVSJUZ TZTUFN 
7FOUJMBUPST  
8
8BSOJOH
#MJOE 4QPU 8BSOJOH #48 TZTUFN 
'MBU 5JSF 7JTJU EFBMFS XBSOJOH 
)B[BSE XBSOJOH GMBTIFS TXJUDI  
*OEJDBUPST GPS PQFSBUJPO WFIJDMF
JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ  
-BOF %FQBSUVSF 8BSOJOH -%8 TZTUFN 
-JHIUT  
1PXFS TUFFSJOH XBSOJOH MJHIU  
1SFEJDUJWF GPSXBSE DPMMJTJPO
XBSOJOH TZTUFN  
5JSF 1SFTTVSF .POJUPSJOH
4ZTUFN 51.4   
7FIJDMF JOGPSNBUJPO EJTQMBZ  
8BSOJOHJOEJDBUPS MJHIUT BOE
BVEJCMF SFNJOEFST 
8BSOJOH MBCFMT
"JS CBH XBSOJOH MBCFMT  
8BSOJOH MJHIU
"JS CBH XBSOJOH MJHIU   
"OUJMPDL CSBLJOH TZTUFN "#4
XBSOJOH MJHIU  
#SBLF XBSOJOH MJHIU  
'PSXBSE FNFSHFODZ CSBLJOH TZTUFN
XBSOJOH MJHIU  
-PX GVFM XBSOJOH MJHIU  
-PX UJSF QSFTTVSF XBSOJOH MJHIU 
4FBU CFMU XBSOJOH MJHIU BOE DIJNF 
8BSSBOUZ
&NJTTJPO DPOUSPM TZTUFN XBSSBOUZ  
8BTIFS TXJUDI
8JOETIJFME XJQFS BOE XBTIFS TXJUDI  
8BTIJOH  
8BYJOH  
8IFFMUJSF TJ[F  
8IFFMT BOE UJSFT 
$BSF PG XIFFMT 
$MFBOJOH BMVNJOVN BMMPZ XIFFMT  
$MFBOJOH CSJHIU XIFFMT  
8JOEPX XBTIFS GMVJE  
8JOEPXT
$MFBOJOH  

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
1PXFS XJOEPXT  
8JOETIJFME XJQFS BOE XBTIFS TXJUDI  
8JQFS
3BJOTFOTJOH BVUP XJQFS TZTUFN 
8JOETIJFME XJQFS BOE XBTIFS TXJUDI  
8JQFS CMBEFT  
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.&.0

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'6&- */'03."5*0/
6TF VOMFBEFE QSFNJVN HBTPMJOF XJUI BO
PDUBOF SBUJOH PG BU MFBTU  ",* "OUJ,OPDL
*OEFY OVNCFS 3FTFBSDI PDUBOF OVNCFS

*G VOMFBEFE QSFNJVN HBTPMJOF JT OPU BWBJM
BCMF VOMFBEFE SFHVMBS HBTPMJOF XJUI BO
PDUBOF SBUJOH PG BU MFBTU  ",* OVNCFS
3FTFBSDI PDUBOF OVNCFS  NBZ CF
UFNQPSBSJMZ VTFE CVU POMZ VOEFS UIF
GPMMPXJOH QSFDBVUJPOT
. )BWF UIF GVFM UBOL GJMMFE POMZ QBSUJBMMZ
XJUI VOMFBEFE SFHVMBS HBTPMJOF BOE GJMM
VQ XJUI VOMFBEFE QSFNJVN HBTPMJOF BT
TPPO BT QPTTJCMF
. "WPJE GVMM UISPUUMF ESJWJOH BOE BCSVQU
BDDFMFSBUJPO
6TF VOMFBEFE QSFNJVN HBTPMJOF GPS NBY
JNVN WFIJDMF QFSGPSNBODF
$"65*0/
. 6TJOH B GVFM PUIFS UIBO UIBU TQFDJGJFE
DPVME BEWFSTFMZ BGGFDU UIF FNJTTJPO
DPOUSPM TZTUFNT BOE NBZ BMTP BGGFDU
XBSSBOUZ DPWFSBHF
. 6OEFS OP DJSDVNTUBODFT TIPVME B MFBEFE
HBTPMJOF CF VTFE CFDBVTF UIJT XJMM
EBNBHF UIF UISFF XBZ DBUBMZTU
. %P OPU VTF & PS & GVFM JO ZPVS
WFIJDMF :PVS WFIJDMF JT OPU EFTJHOFE UP
SVO PO & PS & GVFM 6TJOH & PS &
 GVFM JO B WFIJDMF OPU TQFDJGJDBMMZ
EFTJHOFE GPS & PS & GVFM DBO
BEWFSTFMZ BGGFDU UIF FNJTTJPO DPOUSPM
EFWJDFT BOE TZTUFNT PG UIF WFIJDMF
%BNBHF DBVTFE CZ TVDI GVFM JT OPU
DPWFSFE CZ UIF */'*/*5* OFX WFIJDMF
MJNJUFE XBSSBOUZ
. 64 HPWFSONFOU SFHVMBUJPOT SFRVJSF
FUIBOPM EJTQFOTJOH QVNQT UP CF JEFOUJ
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2015 Infiniti Q50 Owner’s Manual
Printing: August 2015 (05) / OM15E0 0V37U2 / Printed in U.S.A.
For your safety, read carefully and keep in this vehicle.
2015 Infiniti Q50
2046401_EN_Q50_OM_cover.indd 1 7/7/15 1:11 PM

Specifications

Indexed Terms: Hybrid

Infiniti 2015 INFINITI Q50 Questions and Answers

Questions and Answers

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